CN110495389B

CN110495389B - Seed reserving method for strawberry hybrid excellent plants

Info

Publication number: CN110495389B
Application number: CN201910895474.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沈岚; 张国芳; 杨肖芳; 严成其; 余红; 朱晓峰
Original assignee: Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2019-09-21
Filing date: 2019-09-21
Publication date: 2022-09-09
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-21
Also published as: CN110495389A

Abstract

The invention discloses a seed reserving method for a strawberry hybrid excellent plant, which comprises the following steps: selecting a circular through pipe as a planting container; arranging a planting container at a position close to strawberry seedlings, reserving only 1-2 stolons extracted from each strawberry seedling, transferring the stolons into the planting container, and embedding root systems of the stolons into soil in the planting container, so that the root systems of the stolons are positioned in an inner cavity of the planting container when the stolons grow naturally later; and pulling out the stolon seedlings and the planting container corresponding to the seedling lines after the seedling lines are identified as excellent plants, thereby obtaining seedlings. The method improves the seedling seed reserving efficiency by using an efficient seed reserving mode, is simple to operate, convenient to obtain materials, and suitable for screening and reserving seeds for large-area seedlings.

Description

Seed reserving method for strawberry hybrid excellent plants

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of strawberry breeding, and particularly relates to a technology for reserving seeds of strawberry hybrid progeny strains.

Background

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) belongs to the Rosaceae strawberry genus perennial herbaceous plant, and the fruit thereof has sour and sweet taste, rich fragrance and higher nutritional and economic value. The strawberry has wide adaptability, can be planted in the south and north of China, and has the first world planting area at present. However, the varieties currently used for production are mainly introduced from countries such as japan and the usa (guixia royal 2008 and the like). Meanwhile, the strawberry species degeneration causes the problems of high morbidity, poor quality, low benefit and the like, and restricts the healthy development of the strawberry industry in our district (Ropesi, etc. 2014). Therefore, the cultivation and breeding of the variety which meets the requirements of modern agriculture and the preference of consumers become the key direction of the current agricultural development (Zhang Lin, etc. 2017).

At present, the main breeding mode of new strawberry varieties is a conventional hybridization mode. The strawberry seeds obtained by hybridization are sowed to obtain seedlings (strawberry seedlings), after the seedlings are planted for a period, whether all aspects of performances of the seedlings reach breeding targets is inspected, once the seedlings meeting the breeding targets are found, the seedlings are determined to be excellent plants, and the excellent plants are further bred to obtain excellent lines and strains. The superior plants in breeding are selected from seedlings at the earliest, and are dug out for seed reservation and propagation after the superior plants are determined.

The field planting fruit yield of the seedling is determined to be the excellent plant through the quality ratio and needs to be reserved for continuous propagation, and the currently common methods for reserving the excellent plant for seed are 3:

the 1 st separation method needs to cut stolon seedlings generated by seedlings of determined excellent plants and then take the stolon seedlings to a nursery for cuttage and centralized management, and relates to the defects of unstable cuttage survival rate and non-uniform cuttage time and hidden danger of variety confusion. The survival rate of the method is generally only 30%.

The 2 nd seed reserving method adopts a mode of directly reserving seeds for a small flowerpot, but has the defects of additionally increasing soil in the flowerpot, easily dumping the flowerpot, separately supplementing later-period water and fertilizer and the like, is troublesome in management, and needs to be improved in effect.

The 3 rd direct stock plant digging and seed reserving method is characterized in that after the quality ratio of field planting fruit production of seedlings is determined to be the excellent plant, the whole plant of the excellent plant stock plant is dug out and reserved, the mode is direct and not easy to mix, but the transplanting survival rate is low, the growth of the plants is weakened after one period of fruit production, the later-stage disease accumulation is serious, and the number of the seedlings is seriously insufficient. The method has the advantages that the base number of the hybrid seedlings is large, the planting period is as long as 5-6 months, and after the seedlings meeting the breeding target are selected, the seedlings of the seedlings are too old, the plant diseases and insect pests are more accumulated, the new roots are poor in generating capacity, and the seedlings are easy to die when being dug out and transplanted.

If the stolons generated by the seedlings are reserved in advance, the stolons with smaller seedling age and strong rooting capability are selected as seedlings of excellent plants, the transplanting survival rate is higher than that of the seedlings obtained by digging old plants, and the stolons belong to vegetative propagation, and the genetic characteristics of the progeny plants are consistent with those of the mother plants. However, stolon seedlings generally occur in the initial stage of field planting, and need to be planted separately to provide nutrients after the stolon seedlings grow up, otherwise, the stolon seedlings can cause dead seedlings and death, if all the stolon seedlings are planted by cutting (namely, the stolon seedlings are cut into large enough and then are planted in a field planting container), the workload is greatly increased, and in case the seedlings are eliminated, the remaining stolon cutting seedlings are also eliminated, and the working efficiency is not high. In a word, the existing strawberry hybrid seedling reserving method has the defects of large workload, poor reserving survival rate, low working efficiency and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method suitable for reserving seeds of a strawberry hybrid progeny plant line, the method improves the seedling reserving efficiency by using an efficient seed reserving mode, is simple to operate, is convenient to obtain materials, and is suitable for screening and reserving seeds of large-area seedlings.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a seed reserving method of strawberry hybrid excellent plants, which comprises field management of strawberry seedlings and further comprises the following steps:

1) and a field planting container:

selecting a circular through pipe with the inner diameter (diameter) of 3-5 cm and the length of 10-15 cm as a planting container;

both ends of the planting container are not sealed;

2) and the seed reserving method comprises the following steps:

after field planting of the strawberry seedlings (after the field planting of the strawberry seedlings survives until flower buds appear), mulching films are covered; locally tearing the mulching film above the strawberries to enable the parts above the base parts of the strawberry seedlings to be positioned on the mulching film;

when at least one stolon seedling extracted from the strawberry seedlings meets the following conditions: when at least 2-3 leaflets grow out, and the stolon seedlings have at least 3 roots with the length being more than or equal to 7mm (generally 7-10 mm), arranging a planting container at a position close to the strawberry seedling, inserting the planting container into soil of a field after penetrating through a mulching film, wherein the height of the planting container exposed out of the soil is 0.5-1 cm;

only 1-2 stolons are reserved for each strawberry seedling, the stolons are removed, the stolons are transferred into a planting container, and the root system of the stolons is buried in soil in the planting container, so that the root system of the stolons is positioned in an inner cavity of the planting container when the stolons grow naturally later;

3) and lifting seedlings:

and pulling out the stolon seedlings and the planting container corresponding to the seedling lines after the seedling lines are identified as excellent plants, thereby obtaining seedlings.

The improvement of the seed reserving method of the strawberry hybrid excellent strain of the invention comprises the following steps: in the step 3), separating the stolon seedling from the female parent by cutting off the stolon, removing a planting container at the root base of the stolon seedling, shearing off the obviously aged (i.e. the root is in a brown or black state), and reserving the root of the stolon seedling for 2/3, namely, shearing off the root of 1/3 at the bottom; finally transplanting and planting to a seed reserving and seedling raising land for seedling propagation.

The length of the stolons reserved on the stolon seedlings is generally 2-3 cm.

The invention is further improved as a seed reserving method of the strawberry hybrid excellent strain: and (4) transferring the stolons into a planting container, and fixing the stolons by using a tendril pressing clamp (fixing the stolons into the planting container by using the tendril pressing clamp).

The invention is further improved as a seed reserving method of the strawberry hybrid excellent strain: the planting container is a circular through pipe of a PVC pipe.

In the seedling lifting in the step 3), firstly, the strawberry root system is aged and yellowed after growing for a certain time, and new roots are promoted again after the strawberry root system is cut off, so that the growth vigor can be recovered, and the whole roots of the obviously aged root system need to be cut off. And secondly, the flower bud differentiation can be promoted after the root cutting treatment, the flowering and the fruiting are advanced, and the early marketing is facilitated.

In the present invention: the field planting and mulching of strawberry seedlings belong to the conventional technology, and can be operated according to the analysis of the standardized strawberry cultivation technology published in journal 2015,35(17) of agriculture and technology; the whole field management also belongs to the conventional technology, namely, from field planting of strawberry seedlings to excellent plant identification of seedling strains, the field management (water fertilizer, pest and disease damage management and the like) is operated according to the prior art, for example, the exploration of facility strawberry high-yield cultivation technology published in Henan agriculture 2016, 12; similarly, the excellent strain identification method of seedling lines also belongs to conventional techniques, and can be operated, for example, according to comparison and advantage utilization of F1 generation in conventional strawberry breeding published in "the Jiangxi agricultural science" and "strawberry breeding technique and new variety breeding research" published in the sixth national strawberry congress corpus.

The invention relates to a seed reserving method suitable for strawberry hybrid excellent plants, wherein the water, fertilizer and disease and insect pest management of stolon seedlings can be managed together with seedling stock plants (namely, field management can be carried out according to the conventional technology) without special care, so that the management is more convenient.

In the invention, the circular through pipe serving as the planting container plays a role in protecting the strawberry stolon seedlings, and the length of the circular through pipe needs to be designed in consideration of the fertilizer absorbing capacity of the strawberry stolon seedlings and the root system can be protected from being damaged as far as possible during seedling raising.

The method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, short period, labor and time saving, good repeatability, high survival rate of excellent plants, high seed reserving efficiency and the like.

Drawings

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic of the present invention;

fig. 2 is an enlarged partial schematic view of fig. 1.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto:

example 1, a method for reserving hybrid superior strawberry plants, according to the conventional technology, planting 2 plants on one ridge surface, and performing conventional field management on strawberry seedlings, comprising the following steps:

1) and a field planting container:

selecting a circular through pipe with the inner diameter (diameter) of 5cm and the length of 15cm as a planting container;

both ends of the planting container are not sealed;

2) and the seed reserving method comprises the following steps:

after the field planting of the strawberry seedlings survives until flower buds appear, covering a mulching film, digging holes in the mulching film, and taking out the strawberry seedlings from the film; so that the upper part of the base of the strawberry seedling is exposed on the mulching film;

and when at least 1 stolon seedling extracted from the strawberry seedlings meets the following conditions, planting the strawberry seedlings: when 3 small leaves grow out and the stolon seedlings have at least 3 roots with the length being more than or equal to 7mm (generally 7-10 mm), arranging a planting container at the position close to the strawberry seedlings, inserting the planting container into soil of a field after penetrating through a mulching film, wherein the height of the planting container exposed out of the soil is 0.5-1 cm;

only 1 stolon seedling is reserved from each strawberry seedling (namely, redundant stolon seedlings are removed), the reserved 1 stolon seedling is manually fixed into a planting container by using a tendril pressing clamp, and a root system of the stolon seedling is buried in soil in the planting container, so that the root system is positioned in an inner cavity of the planting container when the stolon seedling is naturally grown later;

the water, fertilizer and disease and pest management of stolon seedlings and the unified management of seedling stock plants can be realized (namely, the field management can be carried out according to the conventional technology) without special care.

3) And lifting seedlings:

when the seedling lines are identified to belong to excellent plants (the identification mode belongs to the conventional technology), the stolons are found out to be corresponding to stolon seedlings positioned in the planting container and are pulled out together with the planting container;

and then, separating the stolon seedling from the female parent by a method for breaking the stolon, wherein the length of the stolon reserved on the stolon seedling is generally 2-3 cm. Removing the planting container at the root base of the stolon seedling, loosening the root system, and shearing the whole root of the root system which is obviously aged (i.e. the root system is browned or blackened); the root of the remained stolon seedling is reserved for 2/3, namely, the root with 1/3 length at the bottom is cut off; finally transplanting and planting to a seed reserving and seedling raising land for seedling propagation.

The strawberry seedlings are hybrid F1 generation, the stolons are extracted from 1 month from the planting date according to the method described in the embodiment 1, and after the stolons are planted for 1-5 months, the seedlings can be lifted after the quality ratio test determines that the excellent plants need to be reserved.

The survival rate of the stolon seedlings planted in the planting container is 95 percent.

The survival rate after transplanting after seedling emergence is 90% (after the stolon seedlings are planted for 1 month) to 95% (after the stolon seedlings are planted for 5 months). Simple and easy to operate.

The calculation formula of the survival rate is survival seedling number/total transplanted seedling number;

comparative example 1, when the field planting in the step 3) is carried out, carrying out the field planting on 1-2 stolons which are extracted from the strawberry seedlings when the following conditions are met: only one leaflet is grown, and the length of the root is 3-4 mm and the number of the root is only 1-2; the rest is equivalent to example 1.

The results obtained were: after the stolons are planted for 1-5 months, when the quality ratio test determines that the excellent plants need to be reserved, seedlings can be lifted.

The survival rate of the stolon seedlings planted in the planting container is about 45 percent.

The survival rate after transplanting after seedling emergence is 40% (after the stolons are planted for 1 month) to 45% (after the stolons are planted for 5 months).

Comparative example 2-1, the length of the circular through pipe (planting container) is changed from 15cm to 25cm, and the height exposed outside the soil is still 1 cm; namely the depth of inserting the soil is changed from 14cm to 24 cm; the rest is equivalent to embodiment 1.

Because the strawberries are shallow root systems and are generally distributed in a depth area of 20 cm; if the length of the pipe is too long, the absorption of water and fertilizer of the root system of the strawberries can be influenced, so that the growth of the strawberries is influenced, and the survival rate of stolon seedlings planted in the planting container is about 80 percent. Moreover, the circular through pipe also increases the difficulty of inserting soil in the early stage and pulling seedling out in the later stage, and increases the cost of the planting container, so the circular through pipe is not recommended to use.

Comparative example 2-2, the length of the circular through pipe (planting container) is changed from 15cm to 5cm, and the height exposed outside the soil is still 1 cm; namely the depth of inserting into the soil is changed from 14cm to 4 cm; the rest is equivalent to embodiment 1.

In the method, the circular through pipe is too short, the root system in the pipe is less, the root system which is inserted into soil when the seedling is pulled out is too much, the seedling pulling difficulty is increased, the injury to the seedling is larger, and the survival is not facilitated. Resulting in a reduction in the survival rate of transplantation of about 10% compared to example 1 of the present invention.

Comparative example 3, the length of the circular through pipe (planting container) is still 15cm, and the height exposed outside the soil is changed from 1cm to 5 cm; namely the depth of inserting the soil is changed from 14cm to 10 cm; the rest is equivalent to example 1.

As the strawberries are shortened stems, in the case, the ventilation condition of the strawberry seedlings planted in the circular through pipes is influenced, the base parts of the stems are severely shaded and are easy to seep water to induce diseases, so that the growth of the strawberries is influenced, and the survival rate of the stolon seedlings planted in the planting containers is about 30 percent. . And therefore is not recommended.

Comparative example 4-1, the inner diameter of a circular through pipe (planting container) is changed from 5cm to 10 cm; the rest is equivalent to example 1.

The inner diameter is enlarged, and the occupied space is too large, so that the growth space of the stock plant is compressed, and the growth and development of the stock plant are easily delayed; and too much soil is taken away after the seedlings are lifted in the later period, so that the carrying burden is increased. Moreover, the survival rate after transplanting is not statistically different from that of the invention. And therefore is not recommended.

Comparative example 4-2, the inner diameter of a circular through pipe (planting container) is changed from 5cm to 3 cm; the rest is equivalent to embodiment 1.

The pipe diameter is too thin, which affects the growth of the plants and root systems of the stolon seedlings in the circular through pipe, namely, is not beneficial to the normal growth of the stolon seedlings. The survival rate of the stolon seedlings planted in the planting container is about 40 percent, the plants grow weakly and the root systems are few. And therefore is not recommended.

Finally, it is also noted that the above-mentioned lists merely illustrate a few specific embodiments of the invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The method for reserving hybrid excellent strawberry strains comprises field management of strawberry seedlings, and is characterized by further comprising the following steps of:

1) and a fixed planting container:

selecting a PVC circular through pipe with the inner diameter of 3-5 cm and the length of 10-15 cm as a planting container;

2) and the seed reserving method comprises the following steps:

after field planting of strawberry seedlings, mulching films are covered; locally tearing the mulching film above the strawberries to enable the parts above the base parts of the strawberry seedlings to be positioned on the mulching film;

when at least one stolon seedling extracted from the strawberry seedlings meets the following conditions: when at least 2-3 small leaves grow out and the stolon seedlings have at least 3 roots with the length being more than or equal to 7mm, arranging a planting container at the position close to the strawberry seedlings, wherein the planting container penetrates through the mulching film and then is inserted into soil of a field, and the height of the planting container exposed out of the soil is 0.5-1 cm;

only 1-2 stolons are reserved for each strawberry seedling, the stolons are transferred into a planting container and fixed by a tendril pressing clamp, and the root system of the stolons is buried in soil in the planting container, so that the root system of the stolons is positioned in an inner cavity of the planting container when the stolons grow naturally later;

3) and lifting seedlings:

2. The method for reserving seeds of a strawberry hybrid excellent strain according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 3), separating the stolon seedling from the female parent by a method of breaking the stolons, then removing the planting container, shearing off the aged root system, and keeping the length of the root of the stolon seedling at 2/3;

finally transplanting and planting to a seed reserving and seedling raising field for seedling propagation.