CN110495337A - A kind of big fruit fibert epicormic branch cutting matrix of heliogreenhouse and method - Google Patents
A kind of big fruit fibert epicormic branch cutting matrix of heliogreenhouse and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110495337A CN110495337A CN201910847934.1A CN201910847934A CN110495337A CN 110495337 A CN110495337 A CN 110495337A CN 201910847934 A CN201910847934 A CN 201910847934A CN 110495337 A CN110495337 A CN 110495337A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of big fruit fibert epicormic branch cutting matrix of heliogreenhouse and methods, and using decomposed olive pomace, river sand as material, the partial size of decomposed olive pomace and river sand is 2-3mm.Decomposed olive pomace and river sand are crossed into 3mm sieve.Be river sand according to volume ratio: decomposed olive pomace=3:1 carries out mixture.Select the container for plant growth of 9CM × 9CM；It selects cutting: carrying out cutting acquisition in late June to mid-July, cutting selects the semi-lignified young sprout in excellent variety on the hazel tree of robust growth, no disease and pests harm, the slightly section of long 12cm or so is cut into after acquisition, every section of reservation upper end two panels leaf removes remaining blade；Cutting processing: cuttings lower end carries out quickly dipped in the indolebutyric acid (IBA) or indolebutyric acid potassium solution that concentration is 1000mg/L, and the quickly dipped time is 1-2s or so, and environment temperature is maintained at 26-28 after cuttage, and air humidity is maintained at 85%-100%.Invention formula science, simple process, by using the semi-lignified young sprout in excellent variety on the hazel tree of robust growth, no disease and pests harm, after implementation can again using agricultural wastes, reduce environmental pollution, significantly reduce seedling medium production cost, improve cuttage survival rate, it increases farmers' income, while being conducive to the popularization and application of organic ecological non-soil culture technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hazel cuttage technique field, specially a kind of cuttage and seedling culture method of big fruit fibert fruit tree.
Background technique
Hazel also known as fibert, one of four big dry fruits (walnut, almond, fibert, cashew nut), are Betulaceae Corylus shrub in the world
Or dungarunga, bark grey；Branch dark gray, it is hairless；Leaf is that square is round or width obovate, top notch or section shape, center have
The prominent point of triangular shape, edge has irregular heavy sawtooth；Petiole is thin by undercoat or close hairless；Male inflorescence Dan Sheng；Fruit bud mitriform, close quilt
Pubescence has the long pubescence of sparsely grow concurrently, and top is shallowly split, sliver triangle, edge full edge；Sequence stalk is close by pubescence, the nearly ball of nut
Shape, it is hairless or only villosity is dredged on top, it is born in 200-1000 meter of height above sea level of mountainous region Schattenseite shrubbery, fibert is rich in grease, egg
White matter, carbohydrate, vitamin (vitamin E), minerals, sugared fiber, β -- ancient sterol and antioxidant carbolic acid etc. it is special at
Point and necessary for human eight kinds of amino acid and microelement, the cultural method that existing hazel generallys use are as follows: line-spacing 2x3m, mu
With seedling 110, the spring carries the depth of planting should not be too deep, to bury native depth 6-10cm on root system, is then filled with enough water, after load immediately
Fixed dry, height of seedling 400-450cm cuts the good bud of 4-5 to be stayed, and not top dressing last year still has hardly possible of taking root, affects
The growth and development of big fruit fibert fruit tree, this constrains the application of big fruit fibert fruit tree significantly.
The a large amount of waste for being rich in bioactive substance is produced in the process of manufacture of olive oil, these are discarded
Object is not developed and used effectively, and the great wasting of resources and environmental pollution are caused.Realize olive oil processing waste
High-valued comprehensive development and utilization be realize the sustainable development of olive industry one of important leverage.
Utilize this area easy, cheap and nutriment rich in of materials abundant and stable physics and chemistry
The olive pomace and river sand of shape are raw material, reduce the production cost of seedling medium, olive pomace is effectively utilized, subtracts
The new approach of developing for having lacked the environmental pollution of olive pomace and having been recycled for it.Rooting agent for twig cottage is shortened simultaneously
The time of dipping, improve cutting plantation.
Summary of the invention
A kind of big fruit fibert epicormic branch cutting matrix of heliogreenhouse and method, which is characterized in that this method is
(1) preparation of matrix: crossing 3mm sieve for decomposed olive pomace and river sand, according to volume ratio river sand: decomposed=3:
1 carries out mixture, and when mixed, the carbendazim solution with 500 times drenches.It is fitted into the container for plant growth of 9CM × 9CM.
Olive pomace is completely decomposed.If not up to complete decomposed, a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms or worm's ovum therein, into
When row nursery, a part, which is attached on crop, to be caused directly to pollute, and a part enters matrix and causes indirect pollution.Its nutritional ingredient
It should not be absorbed and select by nursery stock, also plant strain growth can be made bad.Before mixture, decomposed olive pomace and river sand must be sieved.
The partial size of decomposed olive pomace and river sand is 2-3mm, and decomposed olive pomace, which is broken into pieces, crosses 3mm sieve with river sand.Raw material is not
Sieving be easy to cause uneven matrix granule, porosity, bulk density uneven, influences rooting rate.It must be according to river sand when mixed:
Olive pomace=3:1 ratio carries out, and the ratio of olive pomace is too high, and PH, the ratio for being easy influence matrix are too low, is easy
Cause matrix water penetration bad, cuttage survival rate is lower.
(2) it selects cutting: carrying out cutting acquisition in mid or late June to mid-July, cutting selects growth in excellent variety strong
Semi-lignified young sprout on strong, no disease and pests harm hazel tree.Cutting is cut into the slightly section of long 12cm or so, every section of reservation upper end two
Piece leaf removes remaining blade；The blade of reservation is cut off into a part, retaining leaf blade size about 2/3-1/2, (blade is larger to be cut
2/3 is gone, 1/2) blade is smaller to be cut off.Cutter wants sharp, and notch requirement is smooth, does not cleave, does not hurt bud, and upper clip is away from the first nodal bud
Eye 0.5cm~0.8cm, the lower clip place 0.5cm back bud below the bud are chamfer.It often to spray water during clip, keep blade face wet
Profit, but can not be immersed in the water.
Mid or late June time to the early July of cuttage, cutting time is too early, and the branch of fibert is excessively tender, is easy waste and inserts
The nutriment laid in item and branch is very little, influences cuttage survival rate.Too late, branch degree of lignification is higher for cutting time,
It is too low to the effective rate of utilization of cutting, and be easy to cause survival rate it is low, it is difficult to take root, take root after difficult rudiment.One will be cut off to blade
Part, retaining leaf blade size about 2/3-1/2, (blade is larger to cut off 2/3,1/2) blade is smaller to be cut off.Cutter wants sharp, and notch is wanted
It asks smooth, does not cleave, do not hurt bud.The blade area of fibert is larger, if do not cut, cutting leaf transpiration before not taking root after cuttage
It acts on low compared with cuttage survival rate is be easy to cause by force.Meanwhile because blade is larger, it is mutual to will cause blade by cuttage distance more 12cm
It mutually covers, influence growth and development after taking root.
(3) cutting is handled: cuttings lower end is in the indolebutyric acid (IBA) or indolebutyric acid potassium solution that concentration is 1000mg/L
Middle progress is quickly dipped, and the quickly dipped time is 1-2s or so；
The concentration of indolebutyric acid (IBA) or butyric acid potassium is 1000mg/L, and concentration is too low, and requirement of taking root is not achieved, and is inserted
Item is not taken root or rooting rate is lower.When excessive concentration, it be easy to cause the waste of drug.The dipping time is 1-2s, dipping time mistake
Short to be unable to satisfy required condition of taking root, dipping overlong time is right
(4) sterilize: the 1. disinfection of cutting: before cutting is cut, it is 500 that the cutting entire bundle of acquisition, which is placed in concentration,
It is taken out after impregnating 3-5min in carbendazim solution again.2. the disinfection of matrix: with 500 carbendazim solutions to slotting on the day before cuttings
Bed carries out comprehensive disinfection.
Acquisition branch entire bundle is placed in 500 carbendazim solutions by the carbendazim solution that the antiseptic solution to cutting is 500 times
It is totally submerged, disinfection sufficiently, while having certain killing effect to the worm on branch surface, disease, if not being totally submerged, be easy to cause
It sterilizes insufficient.The time of submergence cannot be too short, the time too it is short be easy to cause disinfection not exclusively, Immersion time is too long be easy to cause
The phytotoxicity of branch.
(5) cuttage: taking out the good cuttings of dipping, when avoiding strong light between carry out cuttage, cuttage depth is the three of cutting length
/ bis-, cuttage line-spacing is 12cmx12cm, is sprinkled profoundly water with the mode of spray to seedbed after cuttage；During cuttage, cutting is paid attention to
It is northwards slightly tilted, face of blade is to the south.
(6) nurse: general fine day 8:00 in morning or so shades, and afternoon, 17:00 or so removed covering, 15 after cuttage
Ground moistening is kept in it.
7. water management
To before taking root to keep blade face to there is moisture film to be advisable always after cuttage.Cuttings surrounding air relative humidity is maintained at 85%
~100%, plugging soil humidity is maintained at the 50%~80% of plugging soil maximum water-holding capacity.Air humidity is monitored with hygrometer, and plugging soil is wet
Degree is squeezed with hand and is detected.With hand squeeze plugging soil it is agglomerating, touching then dissipate, show plugging soil humidity be suitable for.Plugging soil squeezes energy with hand
Agglomerating, loosening has crack, and cuttings base portion notch xylem cannot not bleach viscously plugging soil, show that plugging soil humidity is low, needs spray (pouring) water.
Squeezed with hand it is agglomerating, touching hardly possible dissipate, have water extrusion, show that plugging soil is overly moist, need to take off and open film, loose plugging soil, accelerate moisture evaporation.
Regulation method are as follows: water (is poured) by spray and adjusts slotting machine relative air humidity and plugging soil humidity.It is appropriate to reduce spray after young root is formed
(pouring) waterside number；After a large amount of root systems are formed, sprayed and (poured) water at 5 points in 10 points~afternoon in the morning, remaining time stops.
8. temperature management
Plugging soil preference temperature is 22 DEG C~27 DEG C, 26 DEG C~28 DEG C of slotting machine air themperature, no more than 35 DEG C.Regulation method
Are as follows: solar exposure is avoided to healing stage after cuttage, and healing stage to the phase hot weather of taking root shades in due course, divulges information, spraying and (pouring) water, low
It is cold-proof that warm weather should be tamping booth thermal insulation.
9. illumination management
It door and window or shade curtain are opened, opens plastic foil by taking off and adjusts.After cuttage in two weeks, light transmittance is maintained at 20%,
(about 20 days) gradually increase illumination after cuttings generates callus, and initial stage light transmittance of taking root keeps 30%~50%, great Liang Sheng
Root phase light transmittance 60% -70%.
10. hardening
It takes root the later period, fine day, daytime will gradually increase ventilation quantity and light transmittance, suitably control water；It to be covered when meeting low temperature cold wave
Film heat preservation.After largely taking root, it is transferred to transplant in container in time and continues hardening in nursery open country.
Disinfection and sterilization
Immediately with 600 times~800 times carbendazim or 1000 times of Bravos, methyl support not 800 times of saliva pulvis, Dai Sen after cuttage
MnZn medicine liquid spray, it is later primary every spray in 7 days~10 days.Spray is carried out at sunset dusk.In addition, often paying attention to slotting machine
Cleaning, picks fallen leaves in time, takes out dead fringe.
Foliage dressing
It is advisable with squirting blade face.After cuttage after 20 days cuttings generate callus, application 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and
0.5% urea, every 10-15 days to foliar fertilizer of foliage-spray；Every the foliar fertilizer of application in 5 days after largely taking root.Often
Secondary fertilising will be in 3 points~5 points progress in afternoon of calm rainy day.
3, the big fruit fibert epicormic branch cutting matrix of heliogreenhouse described in step (1) as described in claim 1, it is special
Sign is:
(1) partial size of decomposed olive pomace and river sand is 2-3mm.
(2) decomposed olive pomace is broken into pieces and crosses 3mm sieve with river sand.
(3) be river sand according to volume ratio: decomposed olive pomace=3:1 is mixed.
3, growth regulator used in step (3) as described in claim 1 is indolebutyric acid (IBA) or indolebutyric acid
Potassium, concentration 1000mg/L, dipping time are 1-2s.
4, a part must be cut off to blade in step (2) as described in claim 1, retains leaf blade size about 2/3-1/2
(blade is larger to cut off 2/3,1/2) blade is smaller to be cut off
5, cutting is sheared off from elite stand in step (4) as described in claim 1, and before being cut into cuttings, cutting entire bundle is set
In 500 carbendazim solutions, 3-5min is impregnated.
Specific embodiment
The following is a clear and complete description of the technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention, it is clear that described embodiment
Only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, the common skill in this field
Art personnel every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
Embodiment one
The present invention provides a kind of technical solution: a kind of big fruit fibert epicormic branch cutting matrix of heliogreenhouse and method, greatly
The kind of fruit fibert is up to dimension, this method are as follows:
(1) preparation of matrix: crossing 3mm sieve for decomposed olive pomace and river sand, according to volume ratio river sand: decomposed=3:
1 carries out mixture, and when mixed, the carbendazim solution with 500 times drenches.It is fitted into the container for plant growth of 9CM × 9CM.
Olive pomace is completely decomposed.Olive pomace must be completely decomposed, therein big if not up to completely decomposed
The pathogenic microorganisms or worm's ovum of amount, when carrying out nursery, a part, which is attached on crop, to be caused directly to pollute, and a part enters matrix
Cause indirect pollution.Its nutritional ingredient should not be absorbed by nursery stock to be selected, and also plant strain growth can be made bad.Before mixture, decomposed oil
Olive pomace is broken into pieces must be sieved with river sand.Decomposed olive pomace and river sand partial size is 2-3mm, crosses 3mm sieve.Raw material is not
Sieving be easy to cause uneven matrix granule, porosity, bulk density uneven, influences rooting rate.It must be according to river sand when mixed:
Olive pomace=3:1 ratio carries out, and the ratio of olive pomace is too high, and PH, the ratio for being easy influence matrix are too low, is easy
Cause matrix water penetration bad, cuttage survival rate is lower.
(2) it selects cutting: carrying out cutting acquisition in mid or late June to mid-July, cutting selects growth in excellent variety strong
Semi-lignified young sprout on strong, no disease and pests harm hazel tree.Cutting is cut into the slightly section of long 12cm or so, every section of reservation upper end two
Piece leaf removes remaining blade；The blade of reservation is cut off into a part, retaining leaf blade size about 2/3-1/2, (blade is larger to be cut
2/3 is gone, 1/2) blade is smaller to be cut off.Cutter wants sharp, and notch requirement is smooth, does not cleave, does not hurt bud, and upper clip is away from the first nodal bud
Eye 0.5cm~0.8cm, the lower clip place 0.5cm back bud below the bud are chamfer.It often to spray water during clip, keep blade face wet
Profit, but can not be immersed in the water.
Mid or late June time to the early July of cuttage, cutting time is too early, and the branch of fibert is excessively tender, is easy waste and inserts
The nutriment laid in item and branch is very little, influences cuttage survival rate.Too late, branch degree of lignification is higher for cutting time,
It is too low to the effective rate of utilization of cutting, and be easy to cause survival rate it is low, it is difficult to take root, take root after difficult rudiment.One will be cut off to blade
Part, retaining leaf blade size about 2/3-1/2, (blade is larger to cut off 2/3,1/2) blade is smaller to be cut off.Cutter wants sharp, and notch is wanted
It asks smooth, does not cleave, do not hurt bud.The blade area of fibert is larger, if do not cut, cutting leaf transpiration before not taking root after cuttage
It acts on low compared with cuttage survival rate is be easy to cause by force.Meanwhile because blade is larger, it is mutual to will cause blade by cuttage distance more 12cm
It mutually covers, influence growth and development after taking root.
(3) cutting is handled: cuttings lower end is in the indolebutyric acid (IBA) or indolebutyric acid potassium solution that concentration is 1000mg/L
Middle progress is quickly dipped, and the quickly dipped time is 1-2s or so；
The concentration of indolebutyric acid (IBA) or butyric acid potassium is 1000mg/L, and concentration is too low, and requirement of taking root is not achieved, and is inserted
Item is not taken root or rooting rate is lower.When excessive concentration, it be easy to cause the waste of drug.The dipping time is 1-2s, dipping time mistake
Short to be unable to satisfy required condition of taking root, dipping overlong time is right
(4) sterilize: the 1. disinfection of cutting: before cutting is cut, it is 500 that the cutting entire bundle of acquisition, which is placed in concentration,
It is taken out after impregnating 3-5min in carbendazim solution again.2. the disinfection of matrix: with 500 carbendazim solutions to slotting on the day before cuttings
Bed carries out comprehensive disinfection.
Acquisition branch entire bundle is placed in 500 carbendazim solutions by the carbendazim solution that the antiseptic solution to cutting is 500 times
It is totally submerged, disinfection sufficiently, while having certain killing effect to the worm on branch surface, disease, if not being totally submerged, be easy to cause
It sterilizes insufficient.The time of submergence cannot be too short, the time too it is short be easy to cause disinfection not exclusively, Immersion time is too long be easy to cause
The phytotoxicity of branch.
(5) cuttage: taking out the good cuttings of dipping, when avoiding strong light between carry out cuttage, cuttage depth is the three of cutting length
/ bis-, cuttage line-spacing is 12cmx12cm, is sprinkled profoundly water with the mode of spray to seedbed after cuttage；During cuttage, cutting is paid attention to
It is northwards slightly tilted, face of blade is to the south.
(6) nurse: general fine day 8:00 in morning or so shades, and afternoon, 17:00 or so removed covering, 15 after cuttage
Ground moistening is kept in it.
Water management
To before taking root to keep blade face to there is moisture film to be advisable always after cuttage.Cuttings surrounding air relative humidity is maintained at 85%
~100%, plugging soil humidity is maintained at the 50%~80% of plugging soil maximum water-holding capacity.Air humidity is monitored with hygrometer, and plugging soil is wet
Degree is squeezed with hand and is detected.With hand squeeze plugging soil it is agglomerating, touching then dissipate, show plugging soil humidity be suitable for.Plugging soil squeezes energy with hand
Agglomerating, loosening has crack, and cuttings base portion notch xylem cannot not bleach viscously plugging soil, show that plugging soil humidity is low, needs spray (pouring) water.
Squeezed with hand it is agglomerating, touching hardly possible dissipate, have water extrusion, show that plugging soil is overly moist, need to take off and open film, loose plugging soil, accelerate moisture evaporation.
Regulation method are as follows: water (is poured) by spray and adjusts slotting machine relative air humidity and plugging soil humidity.It is appropriate to reduce spray after young root is formed
(pouring) waterside number；After a large amount of root systems are formed, sprayed and (poured) water at 5 points in 10 points~afternoon in the morning, remaining time stops.
Temperature management
Plugging soil preference temperature is 22 DEG C~27 DEG C, 26 DEG C~28 DEG C of slotting machine air themperature, no more than 35 DEG C.Regulation method
Are as follows: solar exposure is avoided to healing stage after cuttage, and healing stage to the phase hot weather of taking root shades in due course, divulges information, spraying and (pouring) water, low
It is cold-proof that warm weather should be tamping booth thermal insulation.
Illumination management
It door and window or shade curtain are opened, opens plastic foil by taking off and adjusts.After cuttage in two weeks, light transmittance is maintained at 20%,
(about 20 days) gradually increase illumination after cuttings generates callus, and initial stage light transmittance of taking root keeps 30%~50%, great Liang Sheng
Root phase light transmittance 60% -70%.
Hardening
It takes root the later period, fine day, daytime will gradually increase ventilation quantity and light transmittance, suitably control water；It to be covered when meeting low temperature cold wave
Film heat preservation.After largely taking root, it is transferred to transplant in container in time and continues hardening in nursery open country.
Disinfection and sterilization
Immediately with 600 times~800 times carbendazim or 1000 times of Bravos, methyl support not 800 times of saliva pulvis, Dai Sen after cuttage
MnZn medicine liquid spray, it is later primary every spray in 7 days~10 days.Spray is carried out at sunset dusk.In addition, often paying attention to slotting machine
Cleaning, picks fallen leaves in time, takes out dead fringe.
Foliage dressing
It is advisable with squirting blade face.After cuttage after 20 days cuttings generate callus, application 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and
0.5% urea, every 10-15 days to foliar fertilizer of foliage-spray；Every the foliar fertilizer of application in 5 days after largely taking root.Often
Secondary fertilising will be in 3 points~5 points progress in afternoon of calm rainy day.
With the big fruit fibert shoot cutting of the heliogreenhouse of the present embodiment, 45 days after cuttage, rooting rate 83.23% is average
Radical is 9.0, average root long 24.08mm, and longest root long is 39.72mm, and most short root long is 10.32, average root thickness 1.87mm.It inserts
Base portion is without putrefactive phenomenon, root system is sturdy, it is white, without the sign that rots.
Conventional method cutting soaking time in root-growing agent is longer, and the matrix of use be easy to cause cutting base portion to rot, is raw
Root rate is lower, and root system is thin and delicate, turns to be yellow.The matrix of use is without higher costs such as vermiculite, turfs.
This implementation column solve root-growing agent dipping overlong time, by spray fungicide sterilization be not thorough, matrix cost compared with
Problem high, mixture is complicated, the later period of taking root be easy to cause cutting base portion rotten.Simultaneously, the olive pomace used re-uses
Agricultural wastes, reduce the pollution to environment.
Embodiment two:
The present invention provides a kind of technical solution: a kind of big fruit fibert epicormic branch cutting matrix of heliogreenhouse and method, greatly
The kind of fruit fibert is distant hazel No. 7, this method are as follows:
(1) preparation of matrix: crossing 3mm sieve for decomposed olive pomace and river sand, according to volume ratio river sand: decomposed=3:
1 carries out mixture, and when mixed, the carbendazim solution with 500 times drenches.It is fitted into the container for plant growth of 9CM × 9CM.
Olive pomace is completely decomposed.Olive pomace must be completely decomposed, therein big if not up to completely decomposed
The pathogenic microorganisms or worm's ovum of amount, when carrying out nursery, a part, which is attached on crop, to be caused directly to pollute, and a part enters matrix
Cause indirect pollution.Its nutritional ingredient should not be absorbed by nursery stock to be selected, and also plant strain growth can be made bad.Before mixture, decomposed oil
Olive pomace and river sand must be sieved.The partial size of decomposed olive pomace and river sand is 2-3mm, and decomposed olive pomace strikes
Broken and river sand crosses 3mm sieve.Raw material is not sieved, and be easy to cause uneven matrix granule, porosity, bulk density uneven, influences to give birth to
Root rate.Must be according to river sand when mixed: olive pomace=3:1 ratio carries out, and the ratio of olive pomace is too high, is easy shadow
PH, the ratio for ringing matrix are too low, be easy to cause matrix water penetration bad, cuttage survival rate is lower.
(2) it selects cutting: carrying out cutting acquisition in mid or late June to mid-July, cutting selects growth in excellent variety strong
Semi-lignified young sprout on strong, no disease and pests harm hazel tree.Cutting is cut into the slightly section of long 12cm or so, every section of reservation upper end two
Piece leaf removes remaining blade；The blade of reservation is cut off into a part, retaining leaf blade size about 2/3-1/2, (blade is larger to be cut
2/3 is gone, 1/2) blade is smaller to be cut off.Cutter wants sharp, and notch requirement is smooth, does not cleave, does not hurt bud, and upper clip is away from the first nodal bud
Eye 0.5cm~0.8cm, the lower clip place 0.5cm back bud below the bud are chamfer.It often to spray water during clip, keep blade face wet
Profit, but can not be immersed in the water.
Mid or late June time to the early July of cuttage, cutting time is too early, and the branch of fibert is excessively tender, is easy waste and inserts
The nutriment laid in item and branch is very little, influences cuttage survival rate.Too late, branch degree of lignification is higher for cutting time,
It is too low to the effective rate of utilization of cutting, and be easy to cause survival rate it is low, it is difficult to take root, take root after difficult rudiment.One will be cut off to blade
Part, retaining leaf blade size about 2/3-1/2, (blade is larger to cut off 2/3,1/2) blade is smaller to be cut off.Cutter wants sharp, and notch is wanted
It asks smooth, does not cleave, do not hurt bud.The blade area of fibert is larger, if do not cut, cutting leaf transpiration before not taking root after cuttage
It acts on low compared with cuttage survival rate is be easy to cause by force.Meanwhile because blade is larger, it is mutual to will cause blade by cuttage distance more 12cm
It mutually covers, influence growth and development after taking root.
(3) cutting is handled: cuttings lower end is in the indolebutyric acid (IBA) or indolebutyric acid potassium solution that concentration is 1000mg/L
Middle progress is quickly dipped, and the quickly dipped time is 1-2s or so；
The concentration of indolebutyric acid (IBA) or butyric acid potassium is 1000mg/L, and concentration is too low, and requirement of taking root is not achieved, and is inserted
Item is not taken root or rooting rate is lower.When excessive concentration, it be easy to cause the waste of drug.The dipping time is 1-2s, dipping time mistake
Short to be unable to satisfy required condition of taking root, dipping overlong time is right
(4) sterilize: the 1. disinfection of cutting: before cutting is cut, it is 500 that the cutting entire bundle of acquisition, which is placed in concentration,
It is taken out after impregnating 3-5min in carbendazim solution again.2. the disinfection of matrix: with 500 carbendazim solutions to slotting on the day before cuttings
Bed carries out comprehensive disinfection.
Acquisition branch entire bundle is placed in 500 carbendazim solutions by the carbendazim solution that the antiseptic solution to cutting is 500 times
It is totally submerged, disinfection sufficiently, while having certain killing effect to the worm on branch surface, disease, if not being totally submerged, be easy to cause
It sterilizes insufficient.The time of submergence cannot be too short, the time too it is short be easy to cause disinfection not exclusively, Immersion time is too long be easy to cause
The phytotoxicity of branch.
(5) cuttage: taking out the good cuttings of dipping, when avoiding strong light between carry out cuttage, cuttage depth is the three of cutting length
/ bis-, cuttage line-spacing is 12cmx12cm, is sprinkled profoundly water with the mode of spray to seedbed after cuttage；During cuttage, cutting is paid attention to
It is northwards slightly tilted, face of blade is to the south.
(6) nurse: general fine day 8:00 in morning or so shades, and afternoon, 17:00 or so removed covering, 15 after cuttage
Ground moistening is kept in it.
Water management
To before taking root to keep blade face to there is moisture film to be advisable always after cuttage.Cuttings surrounding air relative humidity is maintained at 85%
~100%, plugging soil humidity is maintained at the 50%~80% of plugging soil maximum water-holding capacity.Air humidity is monitored with hygrometer, and plugging soil is wet
Degree is squeezed with hand and is detected.With hand squeeze plugging soil it is agglomerating, touching then dissipate, show plugging soil humidity be suitable for.Plugging soil squeezes energy with hand
Agglomerating, loosening has crack, and cuttings base portion notch xylem cannot not bleach viscously plugging soil, show that plugging soil humidity is low, needs spray (pouring) water.
Squeezed with hand it is agglomerating, touching hardly possible dissipate, have water extrusion, show that plugging soil is overly moist, need to take off and open film, loose plugging soil, accelerate moisture evaporation.
Regulation method are as follows: water (is poured) by spray and adjusts slotting machine relative air humidity and plugging soil humidity.It is appropriate to reduce spray after young root is formed
(pouring) waterside number；After a large amount of root systems are formed, sprayed and (poured) water at 5 points in 10 points~afternoon in the morning, remaining time stops.
Temperature management
Plugging soil preference temperature is 22 DEG C~27 DEG C, 26 DEG C~28 DEG C of slotting machine air themperature, no more than 35 DEG C.Regulation method
Are as follows: solar exposure is avoided to healing stage after cuttage, and healing stage to the phase hot weather of taking root shades in due course, divulges information, spraying and (pouring) water, low
It is cold-proof that warm weather should be tamping booth thermal insulation.
Illumination management
It door and window or shade curtain are opened, opens plastic foil by taking off and adjusts.After cuttage in two weeks, light transmittance is maintained at 20%,
(about 20 days) gradually increase illumination after cuttings generates callus, and initial stage light transmittance of taking root keeps 30%~50%, great Liang Sheng
Root phase light transmittance 60% -70%.
Hardening
It takes root the later period, fine day, daytime will gradually increase ventilation quantity and light transmittance, suitably control water；It to be covered when meeting low temperature cold wave
Film heat preservation.After largely taking root, it is transferred to transplant in container in time and continues hardening in nursery open country.
Disinfection and sterilization
Immediately with 600 times~800 times carbendazim or 1000 times of Bravos, methyl support not 800 times of saliva pulvis, Dai Sen after cuttage
MnZn medicine liquid spray, it is later primary every spray in 7 days~10 days.Spray is carried out at sunset dusk.In addition, often paying attention to slotting machine
Cleaning, picks fallen leaves in time, takes out dead fringe.
Foliage dressing
It is advisable with squirting blade face.After cuttage after 20 days cuttings generate callus, application 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and
0.5% urea, every 10-15 days to foliar fertilizer of foliage-spray；Every the foliar fertilizer of application in 5 days after largely taking root.Often
Secondary fertilising will be in 3 points~5 points progress in afternoon of calm rainy day.
With the big fruit fibert shoot cutting of the heliogreenhouse of the present embodiment, 45 days after cuttage, rooting rate 82%, mean elements
It is 10.75, average root long 22.86mm, longest root long is 37.75mm, and most short root long is 8.42mm, average root thickness 1.95mm.It inserts
Base portion is without putrefactive phenomenon, root system is sturdy, it is white, without the sign that rots.
Embodiment three:
The present invention provides a kind of technical solution: a kind of big fruit fibert epicormic branch cutting matrix of heliogreenhouse and method, greatly
The kind of fruit fibert is beautiful pendant, this method are as follows:
(1) preparation of matrix: crossing 3mm sieve for decomposed olive pomace and river sand, according to volume ratio river sand: decomposed=3:
1 carries out mixture, and when mixed, the carbendazim solution with 500 times drenches.It is fitted into the container for plant growth of 9CM × 9CM.
Olive pomace is completely decomposed.Olive pomace must be completely decomposed, therein big if not up to completely decomposed
The pathogenic microorganisms or worm's ovum of amount, when carrying out nursery, a part, which is attached on crop, to be caused directly to pollute, and a part enters matrix
Cause indirect pollution.Its nutritional ingredient should not be absorbed by nursery stock to be selected, and also plant strain growth can be made bad.Before mixture, decomposed oil
Olive pomace and river sand must be sieved.The partial size of decomposed olive pomace and river sand is 2-3mm, and decomposed olive pomace strikes
Broken and river sand crosses 3mm sieve.Raw material is not sieved, and be easy to cause uneven matrix granule, porosity, bulk density uneven, influences to give birth to
Root rate.Must be according to river sand when mixed: olive pomace=3:1 ratio carries out, and the ratio of olive pomace is too high, is easy shadow
PH, the ratio for ringing matrix are too low, be easy to cause matrix water penetration bad, cuttage survival rate is lower.
(2) it selects cutting: carrying out cutting acquisition in mid or late June to mid-July, cutting selects growth in excellent variety strong
Semi-lignified young sprout on strong, no disease and pests harm hazel tree.Cutting is cut into the slightly section of long 12cm or so, every section of reservation upper end two
Piece leaf removes remaining blade；The blade of reservation is cut off into a part, retaining leaf blade size about 2/3-1/2, (blade is larger to be cut
2/3 is gone, 1/2) blade is smaller to be cut off.Cutter wants sharp, and notch requirement is smooth, does not cleave, does not hurt bud, and upper clip is away from the first nodal bud
Eye 0.5cm~0.8cm, the lower clip place 0.5cm back bud below the bud are chamfer.It often to spray water during clip, keep blade face wet
Profit, but can not be immersed in the water.
Mid or late June time to the early July of cuttage, cutting time is too early, and the branch of fibert is excessively tender, is easy waste and inserts
The nutriment laid in item and branch is very little, influences cuttage survival rate.Too late, branch degree of lignification is higher for cutting time,
It is too low to the effective rate of utilization of cutting, and be easy to cause survival rate it is low, it is difficult to take root, take root after difficult rudiment.One will be cut off to blade
Part, retaining leaf blade size about 2/3-1/2, (blade is larger to cut off 2/3,1/2) blade is smaller to be cut off.Cutter wants sharp, and notch is wanted
It asks smooth, does not cleave, do not hurt bud.The blade area of fibert is larger, if do not cut, cutting leaf transpiration before not taking root after cuttage
It acts on low compared with cuttage survival rate is be easy to cause by force.Meanwhile because blade is larger, it is mutual to will cause blade by cuttage distance more 12cm
It mutually covers, influence growth and development after taking root.
(3) cutting is handled: cuttings lower end is in the indolebutyric acid (IBA) or indolebutyric acid potassium solution that concentration is 1000mg/L
Middle progress is quickly dipped, and the quickly dipped time is 1-2s or so；
The concentration of indolebutyric acid (IBA) or butyric acid potassium is 1000mg/L, and concentration is too low, and requirement of taking root is not achieved, and is inserted
Item is not taken root or rooting rate is lower.When excessive concentration, it be easy to cause the waste of drug.The dipping time is 1-2s, dipping time mistake
Short to be unable to satisfy required condition of taking root, dipping overlong time is right
(4) sterilize: the 1. disinfection of cutting: before cutting is cut, it is 500 that the cutting entire bundle of acquisition, which is placed in concentration,
It is taken out after impregnating 3-5min in carbendazim solution again.2. the disinfection of matrix: with 500 carbendazim solutions to slotting on the day before cuttings
Bed carries out comprehensive disinfection.
Acquisition branch entire bundle is placed in 500 carbendazim solutions by the carbendazim solution that the antiseptic solution to cutting is 500 times
It is totally submerged, disinfection sufficiently, while having certain killing effect to the worm on branch surface, disease, if not being totally submerged, be easy to cause
It sterilizes insufficient.The time of submergence cannot be too short, the time too it is short be easy to cause disinfection not exclusively, Immersion time is too long be easy to cause
The phytotoxicity of branch.
(5) cuttage: taking out the good cuttings of dipping, when avoiding strong light between carry out cuttage, cuttage depth is the three of cutting length
/ bis-, cuttage line-spacing is 12cmx12cm, is sprinkled profoundly water with the mode of spray to seedbed after cuttage；During cuttage, cutting is paid attention to
It is northwards slightly tilted, face of blade is to the south.
(6) nurse: general fine day 8:00 in morning or so shades, and afternoon, 17:00 or so removed covering, 15 after cuttage
Ground moistening is kept in it.
Water management
To before taking root to keep blade face to there is moisture film to be advisable always after cuttage.Cuttings surrounding air relative humidity is maintained at 85%
~100%, plugging soil humidity is maintained at the 50%~80% of plugging soil maximum water-holding capacity.Air humidity is monitored with hygrometer, and plugging soil is wet
Degree is squeezed with hand and is detected.With hand squeeze plugging soil it is agglomerating, touching then dissipate, show plugging soil humidity be suitable for.Plugging soil squeezes energy with hand
Agglomerating, loosening has crack, and cuttings base portion notch xylem cannot not bleach viscously plugging soil, show that plugging soil humidity is low, needs spray (pouring) water.
Squeezed with hand it is agglomerating, touching hardly possible dissipate, have water extrusion, show that plugging soil is overly moist, need to take off and open film, loose plugging soil, accelerate moisture evaporation.
Regulation method are as follows: water (is poured) by spray and adjusts slotting machine relative air humidity and plugging soil humidity.It is appropriate to reduce spray after young root is formed
(pouring) waterside number；After a large amount of root systems are formed, sprayed and (poured) water at 5 points in 10 points~afternoon in the morning, remaining time stops.
Temperature management
Plugging soil preference temperature is 22 DEG C~27 DEG C, 26 DEG C~28 DEG C of slotting machine air themperature, no more than 35 DEG C.Regulation method
Are as follows: solar exposure is avoided to healing stage after cuttage, and healing stage to the phase hot weather of taking root shades in due course, divulges information, spraying and (pouring) water, low
It is cold-proof that warm weather should be tamping booth thermal insulation.
Illumination management
It door and window or shade curtain are opened, opens plastic foil by taking off and adjusts.After cuttage in two weeks, light transmittance is maintained at 20%,
(about 20 days) gradually increase illumination after cuttings generates callus, and initial stage light transmittance of taking root keeps 30%~50%, great Liang Sheng
Root phase light transmittance 60% -70%.
Hardening
It takes root the later period, fine day, daytime will gradually increase ventilation quantity and light transmittance, suitably control water；It to be covered when meeting low temperature cold wave
Film heat preservation.After largely taking root, it is transferred to transplant in container in time and continues hardening in nursery open country.
Disinfection and sterilization
Immediately with 600 times~800 times carbendazim or 1000 times of Bravos, methyl support not 800 times of saliva pulvis, Dai Sen after cuttage
MnZn medicine liquid spray, it is later primary every spray in 7 days~10 days.Spray is carried out at sunset dusk.In addition, often paying attention to slotting machine
Cleaning, picks fallen leaves in time, takes out dead fringe.
Foliage dressing
It is advisable with squirting blade face.After cuttage after 20 days cuttings generate callus, application 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and
0.5% urea, every 10-15 days to foliar fertilizer of foliage-spray；Every the foliar fertilizer of application in 5 days after largely taking root.Often
Secondary fertilising will be in 3 points~5 points progress in afternoon of calm rainy day.
With the big fruit fibert shoot cutting of the heliogreenhouse of the present embodiment, 45 days after cuttage, rooting rate 80%, mean elements
It is 9.00, average root long 24.08mm, longest root long is 39.72mm, and most short root long is 10.32mm, average root thickness 1.87mm.It inserts
Base portion is without putrefactive phenomenon, root system is sturdy, it is white, without the sign that rots.
The above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention in any way.It is all according to invention skill
Art any simple modification, change and equivalence change substantially to the above embodiments, still fall within technical solution of the present invention
Protection scope in.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of big fruit fibert epicormic branch cutting matrix of heliogreenhouse and method, which is characterized in that this method is
(1) preparation of matrix: by decomposed olive pomace and river sand cross 3mm sieve, according to volume ratio river sand: decomposed=3:1 into
Row mixture, when mixed, the carbendazim solution with 500 times drenches.It is fitted into the container for plant growth of 9CM × 9CM.
(2) it selects cutting: carrying out cutting acquisition in late June to mid-July, cutting selects robust growth, disease-free in excellent variety
Semi-lignified young sprout on the hazel tree of insect pest.Cutting is cut into the slightly section of long 12cm or so, every section of reservation upper end two panels leaf will
Remaining blade removes；The blade of reservation is cut off into a part, retain leaf blade size about 2/3-1/2 (blade is larger to cut off 2/3,
1/2) blade is smaller to be cut off.Cutter wants sharp, and notch requirement is smooth, does not cleave, does not hurt bud, and upper clip is away from first segment bud eye
0.5cm~0.8cm, the back bud beveling at 0.5cm below the bud of lower clip.It often to spray water during clip, keep blade face wet,
But it can not be immersed in the water.
(3) cutting handle: cuttings lower end concentration be 1000mg/L indolebutyric acid (IBA) or indolebutyric acid potassium solution in into
Scanning frequency is dipped in, and the quickly dipped time is 1-2s or so；
(4) sterilize: the 1. disinfection of cutting: before cutting is cut, it is 500 times that the cutting entire bundle of acquisition, which is placed in concentration,
It is taken out after impregnating 3-5min in carbendazim solution.2. the disinfection of matrix: on the day before cuttings with 500 carbendazim solutions to slotting machine into
The comprehensive disinfection of row；
(5) cuttage: taking out the good cuttings of dipping, when avoiding strong light between carry out cuttage, cuttage depth be cutting length three/
Two, cuttage line-spacing is 12cmx12cm, is sprinkled profoundly water with the mode of spray to seedbed after cuttage；During cuttage, pay attention to cutting northwards
It is slightly tilted, face of blade is to the south.
(6) nurse: general fine day 8:00 in morning or so shades, and afternoon, 17:00 or so removed covering, after cuttage in 15 days
Keep ground moistening.
1. water management
To before taking root to keep blade face to there is moisture film to be advisable always after cuttage.Cuttings surrounding air relative humidity is maintained at 85%~
100%, plugging soil humidity is maintained at the 50%~80% of plugging soil maximum water-holding capacity.Air humidity is monitored with hygrometer, plugging soil humidity
It is squeezed and is detected with hand.With hand squeeze plugging soil it is agglomerating, touching then dissipate, show plugging soil humidity be suitable for.Plugging soil is squeezed with hand can be at
Group, loosening has crack, and cuttings base portion notch xylem does not bleach viscous plugging soil, shows that plugging soil humidity is low, needs to spray (pouring) water.With
Hand squeeze it is agglomerating, touching hardly possible dissipate, have water extrusion, show that plugging soil is overly moist, need to take off and open film, loose plugging soil, accelerate moisture evaporation.It adjusts
Prosecutor method are as follows: water (is poured) by spray and adjusts slotting machine relative air humidity and plugging soil humidity.It is appropriate to reduce spray (pouring) after young root is formed
Waterside number；After a large amount of root systems are formed, sprayed and (poured) water at 5 points in 10 points~afternoon in the morning, remaining time stops.
2. temperature management
Plugging soil preference temperature is 22 DEG C~27 DEG C, 26 DEG C~28 DEG C of slotting machine air themperature, no more than 35 DEG C.Regulation method are as follows:
Solar exposure is avoided to healing stage after cuttage, and healing stage to the phase hot weather of taking root shades in due course, divulges information, spraying and (pouring) water, low temperature
It is cold-proof that weather should be tamping booth thermal insulation.
3. illumination management
It door and window or shade curtain are opened, opens plastic foil by taking off and adjusts.After cuttage in two weeks, light transmittance is maintained at 20%, when slotting
(about 20 days) gradually increase illumination after fringe generates callus, and initial stage light transmittance of taking root keeps 30%~50%, largely take root the phase
Light transmittance 60% -70%.
4. hardening
It takes root the later period, fine day, daytime will gradually increase ventilation quantity and light transmittance, suitably control water；Overlay film is wanted to protect when meeting low temperature cold wave
Temperature.After largely taking root, it is transferred to transplant in container in time and continues hardening in nursery open country.
5. disinfection and sterilization
Immediately with 600 times~800 times carbendazim or 1000 times of Bravos, methyl support not 800 times of saliva pulvis, Mancozeb after cuttage
Medicine liquid spray, it is later primary every spray in 7 days~10 days.Spray is carried out at sunset dusk.In addition, often paying attention to the clear of slotting machine
It is clean, fallen leaves are picked in time, take out dead fringe.
6. foliage dressing
It is advisable with squirting blade face.Cuttings generates callus after 20 days after cuttage, applies 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urine
Element, every 10-15 days to foliar fertilizer of foliage-spray；Every the foliar fertilizer of application in 5 days after largely taking root.Fertilising is wanted every time
In 3 points~5 points progress in afternoon of calm rainy day.
2. the big fruit fibert epicormic branch cutting matrix of heliogreenhouse described in step (1) as described in claim 1, feature exist
In:
(1) partial size of decomposed olive pomace and river sand is 2-3mm.
(2) after breaking decomposed olive pomace into pieces and river sand crosses 3mm sieve.
(3) be river sand according to volume ratio: decomposed olive pomace=3:1 carries out mixture.
3. growth regulator used in step (3) as described in claim 1 be indolebutyric acid (IBA) or butyric acid potassium, it is dense
Degree is 1000mg/L, and the dipping time is 1-2s.
4. a part must be cut off to blade in step (2) as described in claim 1, retain leaf blade size about 2/3-1/2 (blade
Larger to cut off 2/3,1/2) blade is smaller to be cut off.
5. cutting is sheared off from elite stand in step (4) as described in claim 1, before being cut into cuttings, cutting entire bundle is placed in 500
In carbendazim solution, 3-5min is impregnated.
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Application publication date: 20191126 |