CN110490473B - Crop production water footprint measuring and calculating method based on soil moisture dynamic balance - Google Patents
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Abstract
A crop production water footprint measuring and calculating method based on soil moisture dynamic balance comprises the following steps: obtaining the soil type and the soil water content S of a measuring and calculating area; acquiring crop planting condition data in a measuring and calculating time period; acquiring the production characteristic attribute of the object crop to be measured and calculated; calculating the soil evaporation capacity and the crop transpiration capacity in the crop growth period; measuring and calculating the runoff of the field surface; measuring and calculating the subsurface infiltration capacity of the deep soil layer; characterizing soil moisture dynamic state, and distinguishing blue soil moisture balance and green soil moisture balance; calculating the consumption of blue water resources and the consumption of green water resources of crops in corresponding water supply and irrigation modes; calculating a crop production blue water footprint and a crop production green water footprint under corresponding water supply and irrigation modes of crops; calculating the blue water footprint of the water delivery loss of crop production; the blue water footprint of the water delivery loss in crop production is equal to the product of the area irrigation water delivery and distribution quantity and the area water delivery and distribution loss coefficient, and the area irrigation water delivery and distribution quantity is the total irrigation water consumption. The method effectively improves the measuring and calculating precision of the regional crop production water footprint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of measurement and calculation of water resource usage and consumption in the crop production process, in particular to a crop production water footprint measurement and calculation method based on soil water dynamic balance, and irrigation mode and water delivery loss influence factors are considered.
Background
The crop production water footprint is a comprehensive quantitative evaluation index for expressing the water consumption, the water consumption efficiency and the water consumption type in the crop production process. By distinguishing blue water (irrigation water) from green water (rainwater), the water footprint of crop production can realize the organic unified evaluation of the utilization efficiency of different types of water resources in agricultural production. Accurate and comprehensive evaluation of blue and green water footprints of crop production in different regional space-time scales is an important basic premise for establishing a marketization mechanism of agricultural water resource management and realizing sustainable and efficient management of regional agricultural water resources.
In the existing technology for calculating the water footprint of crop production, the fact that the soil moisture is dynamically balanced is often ignored, and the size and the composition of the total water footprint of the crop growth period can only be expressed; the two water consumption processes of soil evaporation and crop evapotranspiration cannot be distinguished, the influence of different water supply and irrigation modes on the water consumption intensity of crops is not concerned, so that only the water consumption efficiency of the crops under ideal conditions can be calculated, the actual consumption of regional agricultural production water resources cannot be accurately reflected by a calculation result, the applicability of water footprint calculation in agricultural water resource evaluation is limited, and references are difficult to provide for crop water footprint accounting of different time-space scales and regional agricultural water-saving strategy formulation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring and calculating the water footprint of crop production based on dynamic balance of soil moisture, aiming at solving the problem of low measurement and calculation precision of regional crop production water footprint in the prior art, and introducing influence mechanisms of different water supply and irrigation modes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention has the following technical scheme:
a crop production water footprint measuring and calculating method based on soil moisture dynamic balance comprises the following steps:
step 1: obtaining the soil type and the soil water content S of the measuring and calculating area; obtaining crop planting condition data in a measuring and calculating time period, wherein the crop planting condition data comprises the daily maximum temperature, the daily minimum temperature and the daily rainfall PR [ t ] of a measuring and calculating area]And reference crop evapotranspiration ET0[t](ii) a Obtaining the production characteristic attributes of the measurement and calculation object crops, wherein the production characteristic attributes of the measurement and calculation object crops comprise the irrigation mode of the measurement and calculation object and the surface soil moisture rate f of the crops in the corresponding irrigation modewAnd irrigation quota IRR t]Irrigation water utilization coefficient of crop planting area, growth period gp of crop, yield per unit area Y of crop, vegetation coverage degree CC of growth stage]；
Step 2: calculating the soil evaporation amount and the crop transpiration amount in the crop growth period;
the soil evaporation capacity of the crop growth period is obtained by multiplying the evaporation capacity of the reference crop, the soil evaporation coefficient and the soil water pressure coefficient:
E[t]＝Kr[t]×Ke[t]×ET0[t] (1)
in formula (1), E [ t ]]The field soil evaporation capacity in unit mm on the t day; kr[t]Is a soil moisture pressure coefficient, dimensionless, indicating the extent to which the maximum evaporation capacity is not achieved due to insufficient soil moisture; ke[t]Is the soil evaporation coefficient, dimensionless, and covered by vegetation cover degree CC*[t]The wetting rate f of the surface soil of the crops under corresponding irrigation modeswJointly determine its size:
Ke[t]＝(1-CC*)×fw×Kex (2)
in formula (2), KexThe maximum evaporation coefficient of the soil is dimensionless and refers to the evaporation intensity of the soil under the condition of complete wetting;
the growth period transpiration of the crops is determined by the vegetation coverage, the crop coefficient and the soil water stress coefficient;
Tr[t]＝Ks[t]×CC*[t]×KC,Tr[t]×ET0[t] (3)
in formula (3), tr [ t ]]The transpiration amount of crops on the t day is unit mm; ks[t]The water stress coefficient influencing the closing of air holes or the water seepage capability of soil is dimensionless; k isC,Tr[t]The plant transpiration coefficient is dimensionless;
ET[t]＝E[t]+Tr[t] (4)
in the formula (4), ET [ t ] is the field evaporation amount in mm on the t day;
and 3, step 3: measuring and calculating the field surface runoff according to rainfall intensity;
and 4, step 4: calculating the infiltration capacity under the deep layer of the soil according to the rainfall, the irrigation quota and the water content when the soil is saturated;
and 5: characterizing soil moisture dynamic state, and distinguishing blue soil moisture balance and green soil moisture balance;
step 6: CWU for calculating consumption amount of blue water resources of crops in corresponding water supply and irrigation modesbGreen water resource consumption CWUg；
And 7: calculating the blue water footprint WF of crop production in the corresponding water supply and irrigation modes of the cropbGreen water footprint WF for crop productiong；
And 8: calculating the blue water footprint of the water delivery loss of crop production; the blue water footprint of the water delivery loss in crop production is equal to the product of the area irrigation water delivery and distribution quantity and the area water delivery and distribution loss coefficient, and the area irrigation water delivery and distribution quantity is the total irrigation water consumption.
The soil type and the soil water content S of the measuring and calculating area in the step 1 are used for defining measuring and calculating objects including crops, areas and time periods according to the setting of a user, and calling or measuring on the spot and calculating the attribute data of the objects from a system database.
The expression for measuring and calculating the field surface runoff in the step 3 is as follows:
RO[t]＝f(PR[t]) (5)
in the formula (5), RO [ t ] is the field surface runoff in unit mm on the t day; PR t is rainfall in mm.
The expression for measuring and calculating the infiltration capacity under the deep layer of the soil in the step 4 is as follows:
DP[t]＝f(PR[t],IRR[t],Sm) (6)
in formula (6), DP [ t ]]The soil deep subsurface infiltration quantity on the t day is in mm; IRR [ t ]]Is the irrigation quota in mm; s. themThe volume water content when the soil is saturated is in mm/m.
In the step 5, the daily soil moisture dynamic state of the field is characterized by the formula (7) during the growth period of the crops:
S[t]＝S[t-1]+PR[t]+IRR[t]-ET[t]-RO[t]-DP[t] (7)
in formula (7): s [ t ] is the soil water content of t day of the growing period of the crop, unit mm;
according to the fact that the soil moisture in the root zone of the crop is dynamically balanced, assuming that the initial soil water in the growing period of the crop is green water, the irrigation and precipitation in the growing period are sources of a blue water footprint and a green water footprint respectively, tracking the contribution proportion of the daily irrigation quantity and the precipitation quantity to each element of the soil moisture balance, and respectively expressing the blue soil moisture and the green soil moisture dynamic balance in the growing period of the crop as follows:
in the above formula, Sb[t]The content of blue water in the soil of the t day is unit mm; s. theg[t]The unit is the green water content of the soil on the t day.
Step 6, the consumption amount of blue water resources of the crops CWUbGreen water resource consumption CWUgThe calculation method of (c) is as follows:
in the formulae (10) (11): t is different water supply and irrigation modes and is dimensionless; CWubIs the consumption of blue water resources of crops in a t mode, and the unit m3/hm2；CWUgIs the green water resource consumption of the crops in the t mode, unit m3/hm2(ii) a gp is the number of days in the crop growth period; "10" is mm and m3/hm2And a unit conversion factor.
Step 7, the blue water footprint WF is produced by the cropsbGreen water footprint WF for crop productiongThe calculation method of (c) is as follows:
in formulas (12) and (13): WF (WF)bProducing a blue water footprint for field crops, unit m3/kg；WFgProducing a green water footprint for a field crop in units of m3Per kg; y is the yield per unit area of the crops, and the unit is kg/hm2。
And 8, obtaining the following parameters according to the irrigation water utilization coefficient of the irrigation area on the basis of the known blue water footprint of the crop field:
in the formula (WF)b_eBlue water loss footprint of finger irrigation water delivery and distribution, unit m3Per kg; eta is the utilization coefficient of irrigation water in the crop planting area.
The step 1 is to calculate the evaporation capacity of the reference crop according to the following formula:
in formula (15): delta is the slope of the relation curve of saturated vapor pressure and temperature, and the unit is kPa/DEG C; rnFor input of the canopy Net dose, the units MJ/(m)2D); g is the soil heat flux in MJ/(m)2D); gamma is the dry and wet thermometer constant, unit kPa/DEG C;
t is the daily average temperature at a height of 2m in units; mu.s2The wind speed at the height of 2m is in m/s; e.g. of the typesSaturated water gas pressure in kPa; e.g. of a cylinderaIs the actual water vapor pressure in kPa.
The wetting rate f of the surface soil of the crops under the corresponding irrigation mode in the step 22The recommended value ranges are as follows:
flood irrigation: 1.0;
furrow irrigation: 1.0;
furrow irrigation and wide bottom: 0.4-0.6;
furrow irrigation, narrow bottom: 0.6-1.0;
furrow irrigation, separating furrows: 0.3-0.5;
sprinkling irrigation: 1.0;
drip irrigation: 0.3-0.4.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: based on the dynamic balance of soil moisture, the soil type and the soil moisture content S of a measurement and calculation area, the crop planting conditions in the measurement and calculation period and the production characteristic attribute of a measurement and calculation object crop are combined, the soil evaporation capacity and the crop transpiration capacity in the crop growth period are respectively calculated, the field surface runoff in the crop growth period is determined according to the rainfall intensity, rainfall passes through the crop transpiration, the soil evaporation and other processes, and the surface runoff is formed in the rest parts. The soil subsurface infiltration amount is measured and calculated, and the deep soil infiltration amount formed by the residual water after the soil is saturated is used as groundwater supply of a corresponding place through the processes of precipitation, irrigation, crop transpiration, soil evaporation, surface runoff and the like. Finally, characterizing the soil moisture dynamic, distinguishing the blue and green soil moisture balance, calculating the crop blue water resource consumption and the green water resource consumption in the corresponding water supply and irrigation modes according to the blue and green water evaporation amount, respectively obtaining the crop blue water production footprints and the crop green water production footprints in the corresponding water supply and irrigation modes according to the crop blue water resource consumption, the green water resource consumption and the crop yield per unit area in the corresponding water supply and irrigation modes, and finally obtaining the crop water production and water delivery loss blue water footprints. According to the crop production water footprint calculation method based on the dynamic soil moisture balance, influence mechanisms of different water supply and irrigation modes on crop water consumption are introduced, detailed compositions of crop production water footprints under various production conditions can be distinguished through soil moisture balance characteristics under different water supply and irrigation modes, the calculation precision of the regional crop production water footprints is improved, and method references are provided for accounting of the different and empty crop production water footprints and regional agriculture water-saving strategy formulation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring and calculating a footprint of water produced by crops.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below clearly and completely with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention.
Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make several simple modifications and decorations without creative efforts, and all other embodiments obtained belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for measuring and calculating the crop production water footprint based on soil moisture dynamic balance comprises the following steps:
step 1: defining a measuring and calculating object (crop, area and time interval) according to the setting of a user, and calling or measuring on the spot and attribute data of the measuring and calculating object from a system database, wherein the attribute data comprises the soil type and the soil water content S of the measuring and calculating area; measuring and calculating the daily maximum temperature, the daily minimum temperature and the daily precipitation PR [ t ] of the area in the measuring and calculating time period]Reference crop evapotranspiration amount ET0[t]Waiting for crop planting condition data; measuring and calculating irrigation mode of object and crop surface soil moisture rate f under corresponding irrigation modewAnd irrigation quota IRR t]Irrigation water utilization coefficient of crop planting area, crop growth period gp, crop yield per unit area Y and vegetation coverage degree CC in growth stage*[t]And measuring and calculating the characteristic attribute of the crop production of the object. When the evaporation capacity of the reference crops cannot be called from the database, the evaporation capacity of the reference crops is calculated according to the following formula:
in formula (15): delta is the slope of the relation curve of saturated vapor pressure and temperature, and the unit is kPa/DEG C;
Rnfor input of the canopy Net dose, the units MJ/(m)2·d)；
G is the soil heat flux, unit MJ/(m)2·d)；
Gamma is the dry and wet thermometer constant, unit kPa/DEG C;
t is the average daily temperature at a height of 2m in units;
μ2the wind speed at the height of 2m is unit m/s;
esis saturated water air pressure, unit kPa;
eaactual water vapor pressure in kPa.
Step 2: and calculating the soil evaporation amount and the crop transpiration amount in the crop growth period. The soil evaporation amount and the crop evaporation amount form the field evaporation amount, namely the total water consumption. The evaporation capacity of the soil in the growth period of the crops refers to the evaporation capacity of the soil without being covered by plants in the field, and is obtained by multiplying the evaporation capacity of the reference crops, the evaporation coefficient of the soil and the water pressure coefficient of the soil.
E[t]＝Kr[t]×Ke[t]×ET0[t] (1)
In formula (1), E [ t ]]The field soil evaporation capacity in unit mm on the t day; kr[t]Is a soil moisture pressure coefficient, dimensionless, indicating the extent to which the maximum evaporation capacity is not achieved due to insufficient soil moisture; ke[t]Is the soil evaporation coefficient, dimensionless, and covered by vegetation cover degree CC*[t]The surface soil moisture rate f of the crops under corresponding irrigation modeswJointly determine its size:
Ke[t]＝(1-CC*)×fw×Kex (2)
in formula (2), KexThe maximum evaporation coefficient of the soil is dimensionless and refers to the evaporation intensity of the soil under the condition of complete wetting;
the growth period of the crops is determined by the vegetation coverage, the crop coefficient and the soil water stress coefficient.
Tr[t]＝Ks[t]×CC*[t]×KC,Tr[t]×ET0[t] (3)
In formula (3), tr [ t ]]The soaring amount of the crops on the t day is in mm; k iss[t]The water stress coefficient for influencing the pore closure or the soil water seepage capability is dimensionless; kc,Tr[t]The transpiration coefficient of the crops is dimensionless;
ET[t]＝E[t]+Tr[t] (4)
in the formula (4), ET [ t ] is the field evaporation amount in mm on the t day.
Crop surface soil under corresponding irrigation modeSoil wettability ratio fwThe recommended value ranges are as follows:
flood irrigation: 1.0;
furrow irrigation: 1.0;
furrow irrigation and wide bottom: 0.4-0.6;
furrow irrigation, narrow bottom: 0.6 to 1.0;
furrow irrigation and interval furrow: 0.3-0.5;
sprinkling irrigation: 1.0;
drip irrigation: 0.3-0.4.
And step 3: and measuring and calculating the runoff of the field surface. The surface runoff in the field in the growing period of the crops is determined by the rainfall intensity, and the surface runoff is formed by the rest parts of rainfall through the processes of crop transpiration, soil evaporation and the like.
RO[t]＝f(PR[t]) (5)
In the formula (5), RO [ t ] is the field surface runoff in unit mm on the t day; PR t is rainfall in mm.
And 4, step 4: and (5) measuring and calculating the subsurface infiltration capacity of the soil deep layer. The soil infiltration amount is the deep soil infiltration amount formed by the processes of precipitation and irrigation, crop transpiration, soil evaporation, surface runoff and the like after the residual water is saturated in the soil, and is used as underground water supply of corresponding places. The infiltration capacity of the soil is determined by rainfall, irrigation quota and water content when the soil is saturated.
DP[t]＝f(PR[t],IRR[t],Sm) (6)
In formula (6), DP [ t ]]The soil deep subsurface infiltration amount on the t day is unit mm; IRR [ t ]]Is the irrigation quota, in mm; s. themThe volume water content is in mm/m when the soil is saturated.
And 5: and characterizing the soil moisture dynamic state, and distinguishing the blue soil moisture balance from the green soil moisture balance.
During the growth period of the crop, the daily soil moisture dynamics of the field is characterized by the formula (7):
S[t]＝S[t-1]+PR[t]+IRR[t]-ET[t]-RO[t]-DP[t] (7)
in formula (7): st is the soil water content in mm at the t day of the growing period of the crop.
According to the fact that the soil moisture in the root zone of the crop is dynamically balanced, assuming that the initial soil water in the growing period of the crop is green water, the irrigation and precipitation in the growing period are sources of a blue water footprint and a green water footprint respectively, tracking the contribution proportion of the daily irrigation quantity and the precipitation quantity to each element of the soil moisture balance, and respectively expressing the blue soil moisture and the green soil moisture dynamic balance in the growing period of the crop as follows:
the formula is as follows: sb[t]The content of blue water in the soil of the t day is unit mm; s. theg[t]The unit is the green water content of the soil on the t day.
Step 6: according to the evaporation capacity of the blue water and the green water in the step 5, calculating the consumption CWU of the blue water resource of the crop in corresponding water supply and irrigation modes according to the formulas (10) and (11)bGreen water resource consumption CWUg：
In the formulae (10) and (11): i is different water supply and irrigation modes and has no dimension; CWubIs the consumption of blue water resources of crops in a t mode, and the unit m3/hm2；CWUgIs the green water resource consumption of the crops in the t mode, unit m3/hm2(ii) a gp is the number of days in the growth period of the crops; "10" is mm and m3/hm2A unit conversion factor;
and 7: and calculating the production water footprint of the field crops. CWu according to the consumption of blue water resources of crops in corresponding water supply and irrigation modesbGreen water resource consumption CWUgAnd the yield per unit area Y of the crops are respectively obtained to obtain the production blue of the crops under the corresponding water supply and irrigation modesWater footprint WFbGreen water footprint WF for crop productiong：
In formulas (12) and (13): WFbBlue water footprint for field crop production in units of m3/kg；WFgProducing a green water footprint for a field crop in units of m3Per kg; y is the yield per unit area of the crops, and the unit is kg/hm2；
And 8: and calculating the blue water footprint of the water delivery loss of the crop production. The blue water footprint of the crop production water delivery loss is equal to the product of the area irrigation water delivery (total irrigation water consumption) and the area water delivery loss coefficient. The method can be obtained according to the irrigation water utilization coefficient of the irrigation area (including the field irrigation water consumption and the irrigation water loss) on the basis of the known blue water footprint of the crop field.
In formula (14), WFb_eMeans blue water footprint of irrigation water delivery and distribution loss, and the unit is m3And eta is the utilization coefficient of irrigation water in a crop planting area, and is dimensionless.
Steps 2, 3, 4 can be calculated quickly by the model tool.
The invention provides a crop production water footprint measuring and calculating method based on soil moisture dynamic balance and considering irrigation mode and water delivery loss, introduces an influence mechanism of different water supply and irrigation modes on crop water consumption, can distinguish detailed composition of crop production water footprints under various production conditions through soil moisture balance characteristics under different water supply and irrigation modes, improves measurement and calculation precision of regional crop production water footprints, and provides method reference for crop production water footprint accounting of different space-time scales and regional agriculture water-saving strategy formulation.
While the invention has been described above with reference to specific features and embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that various modifications and combinations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and figures are merely exemplary of the invention as defined in the appended claims and are intended to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention, and those modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring and calculating a crop production water footprint based on soil moisture dynamic balance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: obtaining the soil type and the soil water content S of a measuring and calculating area; obtaining crop planting condition data in a measuring and calculating time period, wherein the crop planting condition data comprise daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature and daily rainfall PR [ t ] of a measuring and calculating area]And reference crop evapotranspiration ET0[t](ii) a Obtaining the production characteristic attributes of the measurement and calculation object crops, wherein the production characteristic attributes of the measurement and calculation object crops comprise the irrigation mode of the measurement and calculation object and the surface soil moisture rate f of the crops in the corresponding irrigation modewAnd irrigation quota IRR t]Irrigation water utilization coefficient of crop planting area, crop growth period gp, crop yield per unit area Y and vegetation coverage degree CC in growth stage*[t]；
And 2, step: calculating the soil evaporation capacity and the crop transpiration capacity in the crop growth period;
the soil evaporation capacity in the crop growth period is obtained by multiplying the evaporation capacity of the reference crop, the soil evaporation coefficient and the soil water pressure coefficient:
E[t]＝Kr[t]×Ke[t]×ET0[t] (1)
in formula (1), E [ t ]]The field soil evaporation capacity in unit mm on the t day; kr[t]Is a soil moisture pressure coefficient, dimensionless, indicating that the maximum evaporation energy cannot be reached due to insufficient soil moistureThe degree of force; ke[t]Is the soil evaporation coefficient, has no dimension and is covered by vegetation coverage CC*[t]The wetting rate f of the surface soil of the crops under corresponding irrigation modeswJointly determine its size:
Ke[t]＝(1-CC*)×fw×Kex (2)
in the formula (2), KexThe maximum evaporation coefficient of the soil is dimensionless and refers to the evaporation intensity of the soil under the condition of complete wetting;
the growth period transpiration of the crops is determined by the vegetation coverage, the crop coefficient and the soil water stress coefficient;
Tr[t]＝Ks[t]×CC*[t]×KC,Tr[t]×ET0[t] (3)
in formula (3), tr [ t ]]The transpiration amount of crops on the t day is unit mm; k iss[t]The water stress coefficient influencing the closing of air holes or the water seepage capability of soil is dimensionless; kC,Tr[t]The plant transpiration coefficient is dimensionless;
ET[t]＝E[t]+Tr[t] (4)
in the formula (4), ET [ t ] is the field evaporation amount in mm on the t day;
and step 3: measuring and calculating the runoff of the field surface according to the rainfall intensity;
and 4, step 4: calculating the infiltration capacity under the deep layer of the soil according to the rainfall, the irrigation quota and the water content when the soil is saturated;
and 5: characterizing soil moisture dynamic state, and distinguishing blue soil moisture balance and green soil moisture balance;
step 6: CWU for calculating consumption amount of blue water resources of crops in corresponding water supply and irrigation modesbGreen water resource consumption CWUg；
And 7: calculating the crop production blue water footprint WF under the corresponding crop water supply and irrigation modesbGreen water footprint WF for crop productiong；
And 8: calculating the blue water footprint of the water delivery loss of crop production; the blue water footprint of the water delivery loss in crop production is equal to the product of the area irrigation water delivery and distribution quantity and the area water delivery and distribution loss coefficient, and the area irrigation water delivery and distribution quantity is the total irrigation water consumption.
2. The method for calculating crop production water footprint based on soil moisture homeostasis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the soil type and the soil water content S of the measuring and calculating area in the step 1 are used for defining measuring and calculating objects including crops, areas and time periods according to the setting of a user, and attribute data of the measuring and calculating objects are retrieved or measured on the spot from a system database.
3. The method for calculating crop production water footprint based on soil moisture dynamic balance as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step 3 is to calculate the expression of the field surface runoff as follows:
RO[t]＝f(PR[t]) (5)
in the formula (5), RO [ t ] is the field surface runoff in unit mm on the t day; PR t is rainfall in mm.
4. The method for calculating crop production water footprint based on soil moisture dynamic balance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the expression for calculating the infiltration capacity under the deep layer of soil in the step 4 is as follows:
DP[t]＝f(PR[t],IRR[t],Sm) (6)
in formula (6), DP [ t ]]The soil deep subsurface infiltration quantity on the t day is in mm; IRR [ t ]]Is the irrigation quota in mm; smThe volume water content is the volume water content when the soil is saturated, and the unit is mm/m.
5. The soil moisture homeostasis-based crop production water footprint estimation method according to claim 1, wherein in the growth period of the crop, the daily soil moisture dynamic in the field during the growth period of the crop is represented by formula (7):
S[t]＝S[t-1]+PR[t]+IRR[t]-ET[t]-RO[t]-DP[t] (7)
in formula (7): s [ t ] is the soil water content in mm at the t day of the growth period of the crops;
according to the fact that the soil moisture in the root zone of the crop is dynamically balanced, assuming that the initial soil water in the growing period of the crop is green water, the irrigation and precipitation in the growing period are sources of a blue water footprint and a green water footprint respectively, tracking the contribution proportion of the daily irrigation quantity and the precipitation quantity to each element of the soil moisture balance, and respectively expressing the blue soil moisture and the green soil moisture dynamic balance in the growing period of the crop as follows:
in the above formula, Sb[t]The content of blue water in the soil of the t day is unit mm; sg[t]The green water content of the soil on the t day is unit mm.
6. The method for measuring and calculating the crop production water footprint based on the dynamic balance of soil moisture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 6 is CWU for measuring the consumption of blue water resources of the cropbGreen water resource consumption CWUgThe calculation method of (c) is as follows:
in the formulae (10) (11): t is different water supply and irrigation modes and has no dimension; CWubIs the consumption of blue water resources of crops in a t mode, and the unit m3/hm2；CWUgIs the green water resource consumption of the crops in the t mode, unit m3/hm2(ii) a gp is the number of days in the growth period of the crops; "10" is mm and m3/hm2The unit conversion factor.
7. The soil moisture homeostasis-based crop production water footprint calculator of claim 1The method is characterized in that the step 7 of producing the blue water footprint WF by the cropsbGreen water footprint WF for crop productiongThe calculation method of (c) is as follows:
in formulas (12) and (13): WFbBlue water footprint for field crop production in units of m3/kg；WFgProducing green water footprint for field crops, unit m3Per kg; y is the yield per unit area of the crop, and the unit is kg/hm2。
8. The method for calculating the crop production water footprint based on the dynamic balance of soil moisture according to claim 1, wherein the step 8 is carried out based on the blue water footprint of the known crop field according to the irrigation area irrigation water utilization coefficient:
in the formula, WFb_eBlue water loss footprint of finger irrigation water delivery and distribution, unit m3Per kg; eta is the utilization coefficient of irrigation water in the crop planting area.
9. The method for calculating the crop production water footprint based on soil water dynamic balance according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 is to calculate the evaporation capacity of the reference crop by the following formula:
in formula (15): delta is the saturated vapor pressureSlope of the temperature dependence in kPa/deg.C; rnFor inputting the net radiation dose of the canopy, the unit MJ/(m)2D); g is the soil heat flux in MJ/(m)2D); gamma is a dry and wet thermometer constant, unit kPa/DEG C;
t is the average daily temperature at a height of 2m in units; mu.s2The wind speed at the height of 2m is unit m/s; e.g. of the typesSaturated water gas pressure in kPa; e.g. of the typeaIs the actual water vapor pressure in kPa.
10. The method for measuring and calculating the crop production water footprint based on soil moisture dynamic balance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2 is performed based on the surface soil moisture rate f of the crop under the corresponding irrigation modewThe recommended value ranges are as follows:
flood irrigation: 1.0;
furrow irrigation: 1.0;
furrow irrigation and wide bottom: 0.4-0.6;
furrow irrigation, narrow bottom: 0.6-1.0;
furrow irrigation and interval furrow: 0.3-0.5;
sprinkling irrigation: 1.0;
drip irrigation: 0.3-0.4.
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