CN115362922A - Irrigation system and irrigation method - Google Patents
Irrigation system and irrigation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115362922A CN115362922A CN202211205803.1A CN202211205803A CN115362922A CN 115362922 A CN115362922 A CN 115362922A CN 202211205803 A CN202211205803 A CN 202211205803A CN 115362922 A CN115362922 A CN 115362922A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to an irrigation system and an irrigation method. The system comprises a control host, wherein the control host is connected with a variable frequency controller, a flowmeter, a pressure gauge and a plurality of solenoid valve controllers, the variable frequency controller is used for controlling a water source water pump, the flowmeter is used for measuring the flow of a main pipeline, the pressure gauge is used for measuring the pressure of the main pipeline, the solenoid valve controllers are used for controlling a plurality of solenoid valves and a plurality of water flow detection switches, the solenoid valves corresponding to the same solenoid valve controllers are in one-to-one correspondence with the water flow detection switches, and the water flow detection switches are located at the downstream of the corresponding solenoid valves. The method comprises the following steps: s1, controlling a frequency conversion controller to start a water source water pump by a control host. And S2, opening the corresponding electromagnetic valve. And S3, after irrigation is finished, closing the corresponding electromagnetic valve. The opening condition of the electromagnetic valve is judged by detecting the state of the switch through water flow, the safety of the system is enhanced, and standardized management is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to an irrigation system and an irrigation method.
Background
In agricultural production, need water the irrigation to the field, current irrigation system includes main control system, and main control system control solenoid valve when needs are irrigated, opens the solenoid valve, after irrigating, closes the solenoid valve.
The above technical solution has the following disadvantages: after the control host controls the electromagnetic valve, feedback is not generated, after a control signal is sent out, the control host defaults that the electromagnetic valve is successfully controlled, the condition that the electromagnetic valve is out of control cannot be sensed, and the system safety is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an irrigation system and an irrigation method aiming at the problems, so that the system safety is enhanced, and the irrigation standardization degree is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses an irrigation system which comprises a control host and is characterized in that the control host is connected with a variable frequency controller, a flowmeter, a pressure gauge and a plurality of electromagnetic valve controllers, wherein the variable frequency controller is used for controlling a water source water pump, the flowmeter is used for measuring the flow of a main pipeline, the pressure gauge is used for measuring the pressure of the main pipeline, the electromagnetic valve controllers are used for controlling a plurality of electromagnetic valves and a plurality of water flow detection switches, the electromagnetic valves corresponding to the same electromagnetic valve controller are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the water flow detection switches, and the water flow detection switches are positioned at the downstream of the corresponding electromagnetic valves. The opening condition of the electromagnetic valve is judged by detecting the state of the switch through water flow, and the safety of the system is enhanced.
Preferably, the system further comprises a weather station for measuring air temperature, air humidity, wind speed, rainfall and sunshine duration. The weather station provides data support for irrigation decisions.
Preferably, the control host is further connected with a cloud platform. The cloud platform is used for storing data and is convenient to use.
A method of irrigation using an irrigation system as described above, comprising the steps of:
s1, controlling a frequency conversion controller to start a water source water pump by a control host.
S2, the control host machine is addressed through the address of the electromagnetic valve controller and the port number of the electromagnetic valve, the corresponding electromagnetic valve is opened, after the set time is waited, the control host machine is addressed through the address of the electromagnetic valve controller and the port number of the water flow detection switch, the state of the corresponding water flow detection switch is read, wherein each electromagnetic valve corresponds to one port number, each water flow detection switch corresponds to one port number, and the electromagnetic valve corresponds to the port number of the water flow detection switch one to one.
And S3, after irrigation is finished, the control host machine addresses through the address of the electromagnetic valve controller and the port number of the electromagnetic valve, closes the corresponding electromagnetic valve, waits for set time, addresses through the address of the electromagnetic valve controller and the port number of the water flow detection switch, and reads the state of the corresponding water flow detection switch.
Every solenoid valve controller can carry 4 solenoid valves and 4 rivers detection switch, and every solenoid valve corresponds 1 port number, and every rivers detection switch corresponds 1 port number. The electromagnetic valves correspond to the water flow detection switches one by one.
By using wireless networking, 1 node is added, only the addition in the configuration item is needed, the expansion module is not needed, and the system expandability is enhanced.
Preferably, in step S2, the irrigation quantity is formulated as: ETc = (Kcb + Ke) × ETo, wherein: kcb is a basic crop coefficient, ke is a soil evaporation coefficient, and ETo is a reference crop evapotranspiration amount;
the formula for Kcb is:
initial growth phase, kcb =0.15;
a vigorous growth phase, kcb =0.04t-0.85;
mid-growth phase, kcb =1.15;
at the end stage of growth, kcb = -0.06t +5.95;
wherein t is the number of days for the crop to grow;
the formula for Ke is:
Ke=min[Kr*（Kcmax-Kcb），few* Kcmax]；
wherein: kr is the soil evaporation reduction coefficient, and the formula of Kr is as follows:
when De is less than or equal to REW, kr =1;
kr = De [ 1/(REW-TEW) ] - [ TEW/(REW-TEW) ]when REW is not less than De not more than TEW
Wherein: theta is the soil water content (m) 3 / m 3 ）；
TEW is the total amount of water evaporated, which is equal to the maximum depth (mm) at which the surface soil can be evaporated when it is fully wetted;
the formula for TEW is: TEW =1000 (θ) FC -0.5θ WP ）Z;
Wherein: theta FC Is the field water retention rate (m) 3 / m 3 ）；
θ WP For withering water content (m) 3 / m 3 ）；
Z is the topsoil depth (m) dried due to evaporation.
Wherein: the formula for De is: dei = Dei -1 -（Pi-ROi）-（Ii/ fw）+（Ei/ few）+Tewi+DPei；
Wherein: dei is the cumulative evaporation depth (mm) of the soil after the soil is completely wetted on day i;
Dei -1 cumulative evaporation depth (mm) of bare and wet soil after complete wetting at the end of day i-1;
pi is the rainfall (mm) on day i;
ROi is the surface runoff (mm) formed by rainfall on day i;
ii is the irrigation depth (mm) of the infiltration soil on day i;
ei is the evaporation (mm) on day i;
tewi is transpiration depth (mm) of moist and exposed surface soil on day i;
DPei is the deep seepage loss (mm) generated when the soil moisture content exceeds the field water retention rate on the ith day;
fw is the average ratio of the areas of rainfall or irrigation-wetted soil (0.01-1);
few is the ratio of bare to wet soil surface;
the formula for few is:
few=min（1-fc，fw）；
wherein: 1-fc is the average ratio of the area of the bare soil (0.01-1);
Kc=｛1.2+[0.04（μ 2 -2）-0.004（RHmin-45）]（hmax/3） 0.3 ｝（Kcb+0.05）；
wherein:
kcmax is the maximum value of Kc;
μ 2 wind speed two meters daily (m/s);
RHmin is daily minimum humidity (%);
hmax is the daily crop maximum height (m);
the formula for ETo is: ETo = [0.408 Δ (Rn-G) + γ (900/T) 2 +273）μ 2 （e s -e a ）]/ [Δ+γ(1+0.34μ 2 ) ]；
Wherein: rn is net radiation [ MJ/(m) of the surface of the crop 2 day）]；
G is soil heat flux [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
T 2 Air temperature (deg.C) at two meters;
μ 2 wind speed two meters daily (m/s);
e s saturated water pressure (Kpa);
e a actual water pressure (Kpa);
e s -e a saturated water gas pressure difference (Kpa);
Δ is the slope of the water pressure curve (Kpa/. Degree.C.);
gamma is the hygrometer constant (Kpa/. Degree.C.).
Preferably, RHMin is provided by a weather station or calculated by water pressure, and the formula of RHMin is as follows:
RHmin=100（e 0 Tdew）/（e 0 tmax), or RHmin =100 (e) 0 Tmin）/（e 0 Tmax）；
Wherein: tdew is the daily dew point temperature (. Degree.C.);
tmax is the daily maximum air temperature (. Degree. C.);
tmin is the daily minimum air temperature.
The irrigation requirement is met, the irrigation standardization is realized, and the management is convenient.
Preferably, the initial growth phase, fc =0.0-0.1, 1-fc =1.0-0.9;
in the vigorous growth stage, fc =0.1-0.8, 1-fc =0.9-0.2;
mid-growth phase, fc =0.8-1.0, 1-fc =0.2-0.0;
end-stage of growth, fc =0.8-0.2, 1-fc =0.2-0.8;
alternatively, fc is given by:
Fc=[（Kcb-Kcmin）/（Kcmax- Kcmin）] （1+0.5H） ；
wherein:
kcmin is the minimum value of Kc;
h is the average height (m) of the crop.
The irrigation requirement is met, the irrigation standardization is realized, and the management is convenient.
Preferably, fw =1.0 under rainfall conditions;
under the sprinkling irrigation condition, fw =1.0;
under flood irrigation conditions, fw =1.0;
under the condition of furrow irrigation, fw =1.0;
under the condition of furrow irrigation, fw =1.0;
under the condition of narrow bottom of furrow irrigation, fw =0.6-1.0;
under the condition of wide trench filling, fw =0.4-0.6;
under the condition of furrow irrigation interval furrow, fw =0.3-0.5;
under drip irrigation conditions, fw =0.3-0.4.
The irrigation requirement is met, the irrigation standardization is realized, and the management is convenient.
Preferably, the formula of Rn is: rn = Rns-Rnl;
wherein: rns Net solar radiation [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
Rns has the formula: rns = (1-a) Rs;
wherein: a is the reflectance, and is 0.23;
rs is the solar radiation amount [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
The formula for Rs is: rs = [ as + bs (N/N) ] Ra;
wherein: n is the actual duration of sunshine (hour);
n is the maximum sunshine duration (hour);
ra is zenith radiation [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
as is the regression constant, 0.25;
bs is a regression constant of 0.50;
wherein: rnl is net output long wave radiation [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
Rnl has the formula: rnl = σ { [ (Tmax + 273) 4 + （Tmin+273） 4 ]/4｝（0.34-0.14e a 1/2 ）[1.35（Rs/Rso）-0.35]；
Wherein: sigma of 4.903 x 10 -9 [MJ/（K 4 m 2 day）]；
R so is
The irrigation requirement is met, the irrigation standardization is realized, and the management is convenient.
Preferably, γ =0.665 10 -3 P;
Wherein: p is the atmospheric pressure.
The irrigation requirement is met, the irrigation standardization is realized, and the management is convenient.
In conclusion, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the opening condition of the electromagnetic valve is judged by detecting the state of the switch through water flow, the safety of the system is enhanced, and standardized management is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an irrigation system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a pipe in an irrigation system according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in this application will be understood to be a specific case for those of ordinary skill in the art.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1, 2, an irrigation system, including the main control system, the main control system is connected with frequency conversion controller, the flowmeter, the manometer, a plurality of solenoid valve controller, frequency conversion controller is used for controlling the water source water pump, the flowmeter is used for measuring the trunk line flow, the manometer is used for measuring trunk line pressure, solenoid valve controller is used for controlling a plurality of solenoid valves and a plurality of rivers detection switch, the solenoid valve that same solenoid valve controller corresponds sets up with rivers detection switch one-to-one, and rivers detection switch is located the low reaches that corresponds the solenoid valve.
The pressure gauge collects the pressure of the main pipeline in real time and judges whether the pipeline leaks or not.
Preferably, the control host and the variable frequency controller adopt the prior art, for example, the control host adopts ZH-II-iMCU, and the variable frequency controller adopts VM1000B.
The control host machine is communicated with the variable frequency controller through a network, and the electromagnetic valve controller is powered by solar energy and a lithium battery.
The control host machine and the plurality of electromagnetic valve controllers form a wireless local area network through a Lora network. The control host and the electromagnetic valve control have unique numbers in the local area network, and the control host and the electromagnetic valve controller are identified through the unique numbers. Most of existing electromagnetic valves are connected through wires, construction is complex, expandability is poor, land needs to be turned over in the agricultural production process, and system faults are prone to being caused. And wireless communication is used, so that the construction amount is reduced.
Every solenoid valve controller can carry 4 solenoid valves and 4 rivers detection switch, and every solenoid valve corresponds 1 port number, and every rivers detection switch corresponds 1 port number. The electromagnetic valves correspond to the water flow detection switches one by one.
By using wireless networking, 1 node is added, and only the addition in the configuration item is needed without an extension module, thereby enhancing the expandability of the system.
When the electromagnetic valve is opened, water flow exists at the downstream, and the water flow detection switch feeds back 1; when the electromagnetic valve is closed, no water flow exists at the downstream, and the water flow detection switch feeds back 0.
The control host machine can accurately control the electromagnetic valve by addressing through the address of the electromagnetic valve controller and the port number corresponding to the electromagnetic valve, and accurately read the state of the water flow switch by addressing through the address of the electromagnetic valve controller and the port number of the water flow detection switch. The opening condition of the electromagnetic valve is judged by detecting the state of the switch through water flow, and the safety of the system is enhanced.
The system also comprises a weather station, wherein the weather station is used for measuring air temperature, air humidity, wind speed, rainfall and sunshine hours. The weather station provides data support for irrigation decisions.
The control host is also connected with a cloud platform through a network. The cloud platform is used for storing data and is convenient to use.
In the embodiment 2, in the prior art, the irrigation method is implemented by using planters to irrigate according to planting experiences, the management modes of each worker are different, and standardized management cannot be achieved.
A method of irrigation using the irrigation system of example 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, controlling a frequency conversion controller to start a water source pump by a control host; the water source pump supplies water to the whole system.
S2, the control host machine is addressed through the address of the electromagnetic valve controller and the port number of the electromagnetic valve, the corresponding electromagnetic valve is opened, after the set time is waited, preferably, the waiting time is one minute, the control host machine is addressed through the address of the electromagnetic valve controller and the port number of the water flow detection switch, the state of the corresponding water flow detection switch is read, wherein each electromagnetic valve corresponds to one port number, each water flow detection switch corresponds to one port number, the electromagnetic valve corresponds to the port number of the water flow detection switch one by one, and if the water flow detection switch feeds back 1, the normal opening is judged; if the water flow detection switch feeds back 0, judging that the electromagnetic valve is opened abnormally; when the intelligent control system is used, the control host can conveniently and accurately control each electromagnetic valve and read each water flow detection switch.
In step S2, the formula of irrigation amount is: ETc = (Kcb + Ke) × ETo, wherein: kcb is the basal crop coefficient, ke is the soil evaporation coefficient, and ETo is the reference crop transpiration.
Wherein: the formula for Kcb is:
initial growth phase, kcb =0.15;
in the vigorous growth stage, kcb =0.04t-0.85;
mid-growth phase, kcb =1.15;
at the end stage of growth, kcb = -0.06t +5.95;
wherein t is the number of days for crop growth;
how to determine the growth stages of a specific crop is the prior art is not described herein again, for example, in this embodiment, the crop aloe is used for description.
In the initial growth stage, when t is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 25, kcb =0.15;
in the vigorous growth stage, when t is more than or equal to 25 and less than or equal to 50, the Kcb =0.04t-0.85;
in the middle stage of growth, when t is more than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 80, the Kcb =1.15;
at the final stage of growth, when t is more than or equal to 80 and less than or equal to 100, kcb = -0.06t +5.95.
Wherein: the formula for Ke is:
Ke=min[Kr*（Kcmax-Kcb），few* Kcmax]。
wherein: kr is the soil evaporation reduction coefficient, and the formula of Kr is as follows:
when De is less than or equal to REW, kr =1;
kr = De [ 1/(REW-TEW) ] - [ TEW/(REW-TEW) ]when REW is not less than De not more than TEW
Wherein: theta is the soil water content (m) 3 / m 3 ）；
REW is the amount of water easy to evaporate;
TEW is the total amount of water evaporated, which is equal to the maximum depth (mm) at which the surface soil can be evaporated when it is fully wetted;
the formula for TEW is: TEW =1000 (θ) FC -0.5θ WP ）Z;
Wherein: theta.theta. FC Is the field water retention rate (m) 3 / m 3 ）；
θ WP For withering water content (m) 3 / m 3 ）；
Z is the topsoil depth (m) dried due to evaporation.
Wherein: the formula for De is: dei = Dei -1 -（Pi-ROi）-（Ii/ fw）+（Ei/ few）+Tewi+DPei；
Wherein: dei is the cumulative evaporation depth (mm) of the soil after the soil is completely wetted on day i;
Dei -1 cumulative evaporation depth (mm) of bare and wet soil after complete wetting at the end of day i-1;
pi is the rainfall (mm) on day i;
ROi is the surface runoff (mm) formed by rainfall on day i;
ii is the irrigation depth (mm) of the infiltration soil on day i;
ei is the evaporation (mm) on day i;
tewi is transpiration depth (mm) of moist and exposed surface soil on day i;
DPei is the deep seepage loss (mm) generated when the soil water content exceeds the field water retention rate on the ith day;
fw is the average ratio of the areas of rainfall or irrigation-wetted soil (0.01-1);
few is the ratio of bare to wet soil surface;
the formula for few is:
few=min（1-fc，fw）；
wherein: 1-fc is the average ratio of the bare soil area (0.01-1).
Kc=｛1.2+[0.04（μ 2 -2）-0.004（RHmin-45）]（hmax/3） 0.3 ｝（Kcb+0.05）；
Wherein:
kcmax is the maximum value of Kc;
μ 2 wind speed two meters daily (m/s);
RHmin is daily minimum humidity (%);
hmax is the maximum height of the daily crop (m).
Initial growth phase, fc =0.0-0.1, 1-fc =1.0-0.9;
in the vigorous growth stage, fc =0.1-0.8, 1-fc =0.9-0.2;
mid-growth phase, fc =0.8-1.0, 1-fc =0.2-0.0;
end-stage of growth, fc =0.8-0.2, 1-fc =0.2-0.8;
alternatively, fc is given by:
Fc=[（Kcb-Kcmin）/（Kcmax- Kcmin）] （1+0.5H） ；
wherein:
kcmin is the minimum value of Kc;
h is the average height (m) of the crop.
Fw is the average ratio of the areas of rainfall or irrigation-wet soil (0.01-1);
under rainfall conditions, fw =1.0;
under the sprinkling irrigation condition, fw =1.0;
under flood irrigation conditions, fw =1.0;
under the condition of furrow irrigation, fw =1.0;
under the condition of furrow irrigation, fw =1.0;
under the condition of narrow bottom of furrow irrigation, fw =0.6-1.0;
under the condition of wide bottom of the ditch filling, fw =0.4-0.6;
under the condition of furrow irrigation interval furrow, fw =0.3-0.5;
under drip irrigation conditions, fw =0.3-0.4.
Wherein: the formula for ETo is: ETo = [0.408 Δ (Rn-G) + γ (900/T) 2 +273）μ 2 （e s -e a ）]/ [Δ+γ(1+0.34μ 2 ) ]；
Wherein: rn is net radiation [ MJ/(m) of the surface of the crop 2 day）]；
G is soil heat flux [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
T 2 Air temperature (deg.C) at two meters;
μ 2 wind speed two meters daily (m/s);
e s saturated water pressure (Kpa);
e a actual water pressure (Kpa);
e s -e a saturated water gas pressure difference (Kpa);
Δ is the slope of the water pressure curve (Kpa/. Degree.C.);
γ is the hygrometer constant (Kpa/. Degree.C.);
preferably, γ =0.665 × 10 -3 P;
Wherein: p is atmospheric pressure.
Rhmin is provided by a weather station or calculated by water air pressure, and the formula of Rhmin is as follows:
RHmin=100（e 0 Tdew）/（e 0 tmax), or, RHmin =100 (e) 0 Tmin）/（e 0 Tmax）；
Wherein: e.g. of a cylinder 0 T is the saturated water pressure at a certain temperature, and how to determine the saturated water pressure at a certain temperature is the prior art, which is not described herein again.
Tdew is the daily dew point temperature (. Degree. C.), e 0 Tdew is the saturated water pressure at the daily dew point temperature;
tmax is the highest daily temperature (DEG C), e 0 Tmax is the saturated water pressure at the highest daily air temperature;
tmin is the daily minimum air temperature (DEG C), e 0 Tmin is the saturated water pressure at the lowest daily air temperature.
Rn has the formula: rn = Rns-Rnl;
wherein: rns Net solar radiation [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
Rns has the formula: rns = (1-a) Rs;
wherein: a is the reflectivity, and is 0.23;
rs is the solar radiation amount [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
The formula for Rs is: rs = [ as + bs (N/N) ] Ra;
wherein: n is the actual duration of sunshine (hour);
n is the maximum sunshine duration (hour);
ra is zenith radiation [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
as is the regression constant, 0.25;
bs is a regression constant of 0.50;
wherein: rnl is net output long wave radiation [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
Rnl has the formula: rnl = σ { [ (Tmax + 273) 4 + （Tmin+273） 4 ]/4｝（0.34-0.14e a 1/2 ）[1.35（Rs/Rso）-0.35]；
Wherein: sigma of 4.903 x 10 -9 [MJ/（K 4 m 2 day）]；
Rso is clear sky solar radiation [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
When N = N, rso = (as + bs) Ra.
S3, after irrigation is finished, the control host machine addresses through the address of the electromagnetic valve controller and the port number of the electromagnetic valve, closes the corresponding electromagnetic valve, waits for a set time, preferably for one minute, and then addresses through the address of the electromagnetic valve controller and the port number of the water flow detection switch, reads the state of the corresponding water flow detection switch, and if the water flow detection switch feeds back 0, judges that the electromagnetic valve is normally closed; and if the water flow detection switch feeds back 1, judging that the electromagnetic valve is abnormally opened.
The irrigation quantity and the intensity of each land are the same, and the standardized production is realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an irrigation system, including the main control system, a serial communication port, the main control system is connected with frequency conversion controller, the flowmeter, the manometer, a plurality of solenoid valve controller, frequency conversion controller is used for controlling the water source water pump, the flowmeter is used for measuring the trunk line flow, the manometer is used for measuring trunk line pressure, solenoid valve controller is used for controlling a plurality of solenoid valves and a plurality of rivers detection switch, the solenoid valve that same solenoid valve controller corresponds sets up with rivers detection switch one-to-one, and rivers detection switch is located the low reaches that corresponds the solenoid valve.
2. The irrigation system of claim 1, further comprising a weather station for measuring air temperature, air humidity, wind speed, rain, and hours of sunshine.
3. The irrigation system as recited in claim 2, wherein the control host is further coupled to a cloud platform.
4. A method of irrigation using the irrigation system of claim 2, comprising the steps of:
s1, controlling a frequency conversion controller to start a water source pump by a control host;
s2, the control host machine is addressed through the address of the electromagnetic valve controller and the port number of the electromagnetic valve, the corresponding electromagnetic valve is opened, after the set time is waited, the control host machine is addressed through the address of the electromagnetic valve controller and the port number of the water flow detection switch, and the state of the corresponding water flow detection switch is read, wherein each electromagnetic valve corresponds to one port number, each water flow detection switch corresponds to one port number, and the electromagnetic valves correspond to the port numbers of the water flow detection switches one by one;
and S3, after irrigation is finished, the control host machine addresses through the address of the electromagnetic valve controller and the port number of the electromagnetic valve, closes the corresponding electromagnetic valve, waits for set time, addresses through the address of the electromagnetic valve controller and the port number of the water flow detection switch, and reads the state of the corresponding water flow detection switch.
5. An irrigation method according to claim 4, characterized in that in step S2, the irrigation quantity is formulated as: ETc = (Kcb + Ke) × ETo, wherein: kcb is a basic crop coefficient, ke is a soil evaporation coefficient, and ETo is a reference crop transpiration amount;
the formula for Kcb is:
initial growth phase, kcb =0.15;
a vigorous growth phase, kcb =0.04t-0.85;
mid-growth phase, kcb =1.15;
at the end stage of growth, kcb = -0.06t +5.95;
wherein t is the number of days for the crop to grow;
the formula for Ke is:
Ke=min[Kr*（Kcmax-Kcb），few* Kcmax]；
wherein: kr is the soil evaporation reduction coefficient, and the formula of Kr is as follows:
when De is less than or equal to REW, kr =1;
kr = De [ 1/(REW-TEW) ] - [ TEW/(REW-TEW) ]when REW is not less than De not more than TEW
Wherein: theta is the soil water content (m) 3 / m 3 ）；
TEW is the total amount of evaporated water, which is equal to the maximum depth (mm) of the amount of evaporated water that the surface soil can be evaporated to when it is fully wetted;
the formula for TEW is: TEW =1000 (θ) FC -0.5θ WP ）Z;
Wherein: theta.theta. FC Is the field water retention rate (m) 3 / m 3 ）；
θ WP For withering water ratio (m) 3 / m 3 ）；
Z is the topsoil depth (m) dried due to evaporation.
6. Wherein: the formula for De is: dei = Dei -1 -（Pi-ROi）-（Ii/ fw）+（Ei/ few）+Tewi+DPei；
Wherein: dei is the cumulative evaporation depth (mm) of the soil after the i day when the soil is completely wet;
Dei -1 cumulative evaporation depth (mm) of bare and wet soil after complete wetting at the end of day i-1;
pi is the rainfall (mm) on day i;
ROi is the surface runoff (mm) formed by rainfall on day i;
ii is the irrigation depth (mm) of the infiltration soil on day i;
ei is the evaporation (mm) on day i;
tewi is transpiration depth (mm) of moist and exposed surface soil on day i;
DPei is the deep seepage loss (mm) generated when the soil moisture content exceeds the field water retention rate on the ith day;
fw is the average ratio of the areas of the soil which is rainfall or irrigated and wetted (0.01-1);
few is the ratio of bare to wet soil surface;
the formula for few is:
few=min（1-fc，fw）；
wherein: 1-fc is the average ratio of the area of the bare soil (0.01-1);
Kc=｛1.2+[0.04（μ 2 -2）-0.004（RHmin-45）]（hmax/3） 0.3 ｝（Kcb+0.05）；
wherein:
kcmax is the maximum value of Kc;
μ 2 wind speed two meters daily (m/s);
RHmin is daily minimum humidity (%);
hmax is the daily crop maximum height (m);
the formula for ETo is: ETo = [0.408 Δ (Rn-G) + γ (900/T) 2 +273）μ 2 （e s -e a ）]/ [Δ+γ(1+0.34μ 2 )]；
Wherein: rn is net radiation [ MJ/(m) on the surface of the crop 2 day）]；
G is soil heat flux [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
T 2 Air temperature (deg.C) at two meters;
μ 2 wind speed at two meters a day (m/s);
e s saturated water pressure (Kpa);
e a for actual water pressure (Kpa)；
e s -e a Saturated water gas pressure difference (Kpa);
Δ is the slope of the water pressure curve (Kpa/. Degree.C.);
γ is a hygrometer constant (Kpa/. Degree.C.).
7. An irrigation method according to claim 5, wherein Rhmin is provided from a weather station or calculated from water pressure, and the formula for Rhmin is:
RHmin=100（e 0 Tdew）/（e 0 tmax), or RHmin =100 (e) 0 Tmin）/（e 0 Tmax）；
Wherein: tdew is the daily dew point temperature (. Degree. C.);
tmax is the daily maximum temperature (DEG C);
tmin is the daily minimum air temperature.
8. The irrigation method of claim 5,
initial growth phase, fc =0.0-0.1, 1-fc =1.0-0.9;
in the vigorous growth stage, fc =0.1-0.8, 1-fc =0.9-0.2;
in the middle stage of growth, fc =0.8-1.0, 1-fc =0.2-0.0;
end-stage of growth, fc =0.8-0.2, 1-fc =0.2-0.8;
alternatively, fc is given by:
Fc=[（Kcb-Kcmin）/（Kcmax- Kcmin）] （1+0.5H） ；
wherein:
kcmin is the minimum value of Kc;
h is the average height (m) of the crop.
9. The irrigation method of claim 5,
under rainfall conditions, fw =1.0;
under the spray irrigation condition, fw =1.0;
under the condition of flood irrigation, fw =1.0;
under the condition of furrow irrigation, fw =1.0;
under the condition of furrow irrigation, fw =1.0;
under the condition of narrow bottom of furrow irrigation, fw =0.6-1.0;
under the condition of wide bottom of the ditch filling, fw =0.4-0.6;
under the condition of furrow irrigation interval furrow, fw =0.3-0.5;
under drip irrigation conditions, fw =0.3-0.4.
10. The irrigation method of claim 5, wherein Rn has the formula: rn = Rns-Rnl;
wherein: rns Net solar radiation [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
Rns has the formula: rns = (1-a) Rs;
wherein: a is the reflectance, and is 0.23;
rs is the solar radiation quantity [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
The formula for Rs is: rs = [ as + bs (N/N) ] Ra;
wherein: n is the actual duration of sunshine (hour);
n is the maximum sunshine duration (hour);
ra is zenith radiation [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
as is the regression constant, 0.25;
bs is a regression constant of 0.50;
wherein: rnl is net output long wave radiation [ MJ/(m) 2 day）]；
Rnl has the formula: rnl = σ { [ (Tmax + 273) 4 + （Tmin+273） 4 ]/4｝（0.34-0.14e a 1/2 ）[1.35（Rs/Rso）-0.35]；
Wherein: sigma of 4.903 x 10 -9 [MJ/（K 4 m 2 day）]；
Rso is
The irrigation method of claim 5, wherein γ =0.665 x 10 -3 P;
Wherein: p is atmospheric pressure.
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