CN110486393B - Self-energizing wire control actuator - Google Patents

Self-energizing wire control actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110486393B
CN110486393B CN201910710208.5A CN201910710208A CN110486393B CN 110486393 B CN110486393 B CN 110486393B CN 201910710208 A CN201910710208 A CN 201910710208A CN 110486393 B CN110486393 B CN 110486393B
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China
Prior art keywords
brake
piston
caliper body
small piston
friction
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CN201910710208.5A
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CN110486393A (en
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董颖
常占辉
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Zhejiang Normal University CJNU
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Zhejiang Normal University CJNU
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/2255—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is pivoted
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • F16D65/186—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes with full-face force-applying member, e.g. annular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/38—Slack adjusters
    • F16D65/40—Slack adjusters mechanical
    • F16D65/52—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play
    • F16D65/56—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut
    • F16D65/567—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut for mounting on a disc brake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/14—Mechanical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/24—Electric or magnetic using motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
    • F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
    • F16D2125/40—Screw-and-nut
    • F16D2125/405—Screw-and-nut with differential thread
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/44—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting rotation
    • F16D2125/46—Rotating members in mutual engagement
    • F16D2125/52—Rotating members in mutual engagement with non-parallel stationary axes, e.g. worm or bevel gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
    • F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
    • F16D2125/58—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting linear movement
    • F16D2125/68—Lever-link mechanisms, e.g. toggles with change of force ratio

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-energizing wire control actuator, which comprises a motor, a transmission mechanism, a one-way clutch, a screw mechanism, a large piston, a small piston, a connecting rod, an elastic positioning device and the like. The motor drives the one-way clutch to rotate through the transmission mechanism, the one-way clutch is combined with the driving threaded mechanism, the connecting rod is driven to move through the threaded mechanism, the large piston and the brake caliper body are driven to move in opposite directions, the friction plates are pressed tightly with the same force from two sides of the brake disc, the efficient self-energizing braking effect is achieved, and meanwhile error autonomous braking caused by other factors is avoided. The invention has simple structure, reliable work and high braking efficiency, can automatically adjust the braking clearance, compensate the influence caused by the abrasion of the friction plate, simplify the design of a control system and can be used for service braking and parking braking.

Description

Self-energizing wire control actuator
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of brakes, in particular to a brake-by-wire mechanical brake which can replace the existing floating caliper disc type hydraulic brake, realize that friction plates clamp a brake disc from two sides with the same pressure in an electric control mechanical mode, and simultaneously realize adjustable brake clearance and adjustable brake strength, in particular to a self-energizing brake-by-wire.
Background
The brake-by-wire technology is a novel brake technology appearing in recent years, a control system receives information of a sensor to control a motor to work without depending on mechanical or hydraulic connection between a brake and a brake pedal, and stable and reliable brake control of an automobile is realized. At present, there are two main types of electronic hydraulic brake systems (EHB) and electronic mechanical brake systems (EMB). The brake-by-wire system is beneficial to optimizing the braking performance of the whole vehicle, and can be conveniently integrated with other electronic control systems such as ABS, ASR, ESP and the like, so that the system has wide development space.
The electronic hydraulic brake system (EHB) is formed by transforming the traditional hydraulic brake system, the braking process is quicker and more stable, the braking safety and the comfort of an automobile are improved, but the electronic hydraulic brake system does not have all the advantages of a complete brake-by-wire system because a hydraulic component is reserved, and is generally regarded as an advanced product of an electronic mechanical brake system (EMB).
An electronic mechanical brake system (EMB) drives a mechanical mechanism through a motor to realize a braking process, so that the structure of the brake system is greatly simplified, and the brake is easier to arrange, assemble and overhaul. However, the conventional electromechanical braking system often lacks a function of automatically adjusting the braking clearance at the brake part, so that the problem that the efficiency of a brake actuator is variable under the conditions of external environment change and friction plate abrasion of the brake is caused, and certain difficulty is brought to the control of the braking efficiency. Meanwhile, most brakes have the problems of complex structure, large installation size and the like.
Most of the current electromechanical brakes are designed based on disc brakes, and a wedge mechanism is introduced into the electromechanical brakes to generate a self-boosting effect, so that a larger braking efficiency is obtained through a smaller motor driving force. The free clearance of the disc brake is small, and when the friction plate and the brake disc are contacted due to impurities, unevenness and the like, the situation of wrong braking is easy to occur due to the self-energizing property of the wedge mechanism.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-energizing brake-by-wire. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, reliable work and the like, can realize the automatic adjustment of the brake clearance, and simultaneously avoids the situation of error braking while the wedge type mechanism generates the self-energizing effect through the matching of the large piston and the mounting hole.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a self-boosting brake-by-wire comprises a motor, a transmission mechanism, a one-way clutch, a thread mechanism, a large piston, a small piston, a brake caliper body, a brake disc, a friction plate, a connecting rod and an elastic positioning device; the method is characterized in that: the friction plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the brake disc, one friction plate is arranged on the large piston, and the other friction plate is arranged on the brake caliper body; the large piston is installed in an installation hole on the brake caliper body through the elastic positioning device; one part of the elastic positioning device is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body, and the other part of the elastic positioning device has larger friction force with the large piston; the thread mechanism comprises a rotating part and a moving part; the motor is connected with an input element of the transmission mechanism; the terminal element of the transmission mechanism is connected with the one-way clutch, and the one-way clutch is connected with the rotating piece of the thread mechanism; the moving piece of the screw thread mechanism is connected with the small piston or the brake caliper body by the connecting rod; the small piston is arranged on the brake caliper body, one end of the small piston is connected with the connecting rod, and the other end of the small piston comprises a curved surface with a certain slope; the large piston is arranged in an installation hole on the brake caliper body, one end of the large piston is provided with the friction plate, the other end of the large piston comprises a curved surface with a certain slope, and the curved surface is contacted and matched with the curved surface end of the small piston to form a contact curved surface.
The clearance between the big piston and the mounting hole on the brake caliper body is larger than the feedback of the deformation between the contact curved surface of the big piston and the small piston from the contact of the friction plate and the brake disc to the generation of the maximum braking efficiency in the braking work and smaller than the feedback of the free clearance between the friction plate and the brake disc on the contact curved surface of the big piston and the small piston, namely, when the brake works, the friction plate is in contact with the brake disc, and the friction plate generates relative movement on the curved surface between the big piston and the small piston due to the action of friction force, so that the self-energizing effect is realized, and when the maximum braking strength is reached, the big piston is not in contact with the mounting hole. When the friction plate and the brake disc are contacted due to impurities or unevenness between the friction plate and the brake disc, relative movement can be generated on the curved surface between the large piston and the small piston, and the large piston is contacted with the mounting hole before the free gap is completely eliminated, so that the self-boosting effect can not occur.
And a transmission system is added between the one-way clutch and the thread mechanism.
The device also comprises a roller mechanism which is adopted at the position where the large piston is matched with the small piston in a curved surface manner so as to reduce the friction resistance.
The connection between the connecting rod and the moving member/small piston/caliper body of the screw mechanism can meet the position change of the brake during working through the relative motion between the connecting rod and the moving member/small piston/caliper body of the screw mechanism, and can also meet the position change of the brake during working through the elastic deformation of the connection between the connecting rod and the moving member/small piston/caliper body of the screw mechanism.
When no transmission link with zero reverse efficiency exists in the transmission mechanism or the transmission system, a locking mechanism is adopted to realize parking braking under the condition of power failure of the motor, the locking mechanism adopts an electromagnetic brake or an electric control mechanical braking device, can fix a transmission element in the transmission link when the transmission mechanism is switched on or switched off, and keeps the pressure between the friction plate and the brake disc, thereby realizing the parking braking function; when the transmission mechanism or the transmission system is provided with a transmission link with the reverse efficiency of zero, the parking brake can be realized by using the locking mechanism, and the parking brake can also be realized under the condition that the motor is powered off by using the condition that the reverse efficiency is zero and the power and the motion can not be reversely transmitted.
The curved contact surface between the large piston and the small piston can be a slope, a circular arc surface, a hyperbolic surface, a parabolic surface and the like or a combination of the above curved surfaces.
The contact point between the connecting rod and the small piston can move on the surface of the small piston; or the contact point between the connecting rod and the caliper body can be moved on the caliper body surface.
The screw mechanism adopts a circulating ball structure to reduce friction resistance and improve the working efficiency of the system.
The friction limiting device is arranged between the small piston and the brake caliper body, one part of the friction limiting device is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body, the other part of the friction limiting device and the small piston have larger friction force, and when the small piston and the brake caliper body have relative displacement, elastic potential energy is generated in the friction limiting device due to the action of friction force; when the small piston and the large piston move together, the axial elasticity of the elastic positioning device of the large piston is smaller than that of the friction limiting device of the small piston.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a first embodiment of a self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a view of a direction a of a first embodiment of a self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of a second embodiment of the self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of a third embodiment of the self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a front view of a fourth embodiment of a self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a front view of a fifth embodiment of a self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a front view of a sixth embodiment of a self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a front view of a seventh embodiment of a self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
The description is marked in the drawings: 1-brake caliper support 2-guide pin 3-brake caliper body 4-screw (4.1 right-handed screw 4.2 left-handed screw 4A two-way screw) 5-nut (5.1 right-handed nut 5.2 left-handed nut 5A two-way nut) 6-connecting rod 7-small piston 8-one-way clutch 9-locking wheel 10-motor 11-motor shaft 12-electromagnetic brake 13-large sealing ring 14-large piston 15-friction disc 16-brake disc 17-snap ring 18-spring 19-driving gear 20-driven gear 21-return spring 22-electromagnetic coil 23-locking pin 24-worm wheel 25-worm 26-driving disc 27-frustum snap ring 28-oblique spring 29-small sealing ring.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
As shown in fig. 1, a self-energizing brake control device comprises a caliper body 3 which can be displaced on a guide pin 2, which guide pin 2 is fixed to a caliper support 1. The brake caliper body 3 is internally provided with a brake disc 16, friction plates 15 are arranged on two sides of the brake disc 16, one is arranged on the brake caliper body 3, the other is arranged on a large piston 14, the large piston 14 is arranged on the brake caliper body 3 through a large sealing ring 13, large friction force exists between the contact surfaces of the large sealing ring 13 and the large piston 14, and when the large piston 14 is displaced within the elastic deformation range of the large sealing ring 13, no relative movement exists between the contact surfaces of the large sealing ring 13 and the large piston 14. The other end of the large piston 14 is provided with an inclined surface and is matched with a small piston 7 with the same inclined surface, the small piston 7 is arranged in the brake caliper body 3 and can move along the axis of the brake caliper body, the other end of the large piston is provided with a bidirectional nut 5A, a left-handed screw rod 4.2 is arranged on a left-handed screw thread part, a right-handed screw rod 4.1 is arranged on a right-handed screw thread part, a connecting rod 6 is hinged with the left-handed screw rod 4.2 and the small piston 7, the right-handed screw rod 4.1 and the small piston 7, the left-handed screw rod 4.2 and the brake caliper body 3, the right-handed screw rod 4.1 and the brake caliper body 3, the connecting rods 6 are symmetrically arranged, the outer surface of the bidirectional nut 5A is connected with a worm.
When the brake works, the motor 10 drives the worm 25 and the worm wheel 24 to rotate, at the moment, the one-way clutch 8 is combined to drive the two-way nut 5A to rotate, the left-handed screw 4.2 and the right-handed screw 4.1 are limited by the connecting rod 6 and can only move along the axis direction of the two-way nut 5A, at the moment, the left-handed screw 4.2 moves downwards, the right-handed screw 4.1 moves upwards, namely, the left-handed screw and the right-handed screw are simultaneously screwed into the two-way nut 5A to move in opposite directions to drive the connecting rod 6 to move, the brake caliper body 3 is pushed to move rightwards, the small piston 7 and the large piston 14 are simultaneously pushed to move leftwards, when the friction plate 15 is in contact with the brake disc 16 to generate friction force, the large piston 14 moves relative to. When the maximum braking strength is reached, the large piston 14 and the mounting hole are not in contact. At this time, the large seal ring 13 is elastically deformed to store elastic potential energy, and there is no relative movement between the contact surfaces of the large seal ring 13 and the large piston 14. When the brake is released, the motor 10 drives the worm gear mechanism to rotate reversely, at the moment, the one-way clutch 8 is separated, the two-way nut 5A is in a free state, the elastic potential energy stored in the large sealing ring 13 is released, the large piston 14/the small piston 7 and the brake caliper body 3 move relatively, the connecting rod 6 is driven to move, the left-handed screw 4.2 is pushed to move upwards, the right-handed screw 4.1 moves downwards, namely the two move backwards, the two-way nut 5A rotates reversely under the action of the elastic potential energy in the large sealing ring 13, and all elements recover to the initial position.
When the friction plate 15 is worn and the thickness is reduced, and the brake works, the motor 10 drives the one-way clutch 8 to be combined through the worm gear mechanism, the two-way nut 5A is driven to rotate, the large piston 14/the small piston 7 and the brake caliper body 3 are pushed to move relatively, and when the elastic deformation of the large sealing ring 13 reaches the maximum, the motor 10 continues to drive the two-way nut 5A to rotate through the combined one-way clutch 8 due to the wear of the friction plate 15, namely the large piston 14/the small piston 7 and the brake caliper body 3 continue to move relatively, so that the large sealing ring 13 keeps the maximum elastic deformation, the large piston 14 overcomes the friction force between the large sealing ring 13, and is matched with the large sealing ring 13 through a new contact surface, namely the displacement of the large piston 14 relative to the brake caliper body 3 is greater than the maximum elastic deformation of the large. When the brake is released, the motor 10 drives the worm gear mechanism to rotate reversely, the one-way clutch 8 is separated, the elastic potential energy of the large sealing ring 13 is released, the large piston 14/the small piston 7 and the brake caliper body 3 move relatively, the bidirectional nut 5A is driven to rotate reversely, at the moment, the large sealing ring 13 and the large piston 14 are positioned in a matched mode through a new contact surface, the return displacement amount is still the maximum elastic deformation amount of the large sealing ring 13, therefore, the brake clearance is kept the same as that before abrasion, and the automatic adjustment of the brake clearance is achieved.
When the transmission reverse efficiency of the worm 25 and the worm wheel 24 is zero, the motor 10 can drive the friction plate 15 to press the brake disc 16, and after the parking brake requirement is met, the parking brake under the condition that the motor 10 is powered off is realized by using the self-locking function of the worm and gear mechanism.
Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 3.
The embodiment of fig. 3 differs from the embodiment of fig. 1 mainly as follows:
the transmission mechanisms are different, a worm gear mechanism is adopted for transmission in the attached drawing 1, a worm wheel 24 is a terminal element of the transmission mechanism, and a one-way clutch 8 is arranged between the worm wheel 24 and a two-way nut 5A; in fig. 3, a gear mechanism is used for transmission, a driven gear 20 is a terminal element of the transmission mechanism, and a one-way clutch 8 is arranged between the driven gear 20 and a screw rod 4.
The screw thread mechanism and its connection mode are different, in figure 1, the screw thread mechanism is a two-way nut 5A and two screw rods 4.1, 4.2 with opposite rotation directions, the two-way nut 5A is a rotating part, and is connected with a one-way clutch 8, the screw rods 4.2, 4.1 are moving parts, and are connected with a small piston 7 and a brake caliper body 3 through a connecting rod 6; in the attached figure 3, the screw mechanism is a screw rod 4 and a nut 5, the screw rod 4 is a rotating part and is connected with a one-way clutch 8, the nut 5 is a moving part and is connected with a connecting rod 6, and a small piston 7 and a brake caliper body 3 are also connected through the connecting rod 6.
Different elastic positioning devices are adopted, in the attached drawing 1, a large sealing ring 13 is adopted to realize an elastic positioning function, and elastic potential energy is stored by utilizing the elastic deformation of the large sealing ring 13; in the figure 3, the inclined spring 28 and the frustum clamping ring 27 are adopted to realize the elastic positioning function, and the inclined spring 28 generates elastic deformation to store elastic potential energy.
The friction limiting devices are different, the friction limiting device is not arranged on the small piston in the attached drawing 1, the friction limiting device is additionally arranged in the attached drawing 3, and the small piston 7 is limited and returned through the small sealing ring 29.
The connecting rods are connected in different modes, the connecting rod 6 and the small piston 7/the nut 5/the brake caliper body 3 in the attached drawing 3 are connected in an elastic mode, and the requirements on relative movement of all parts are met through elastic deformation of the connecting parts in the braking working process and the braking releasing process. In the first embodiment of fig. 1, the hinge connection is adopted, and the working requirements of the system are met through hinge motion.
The parking brake function is realized in different modes, in the attached figure 1, the parking brake under the condition that the motor 10 is powered off can be directly realized by utilizing the reverse efficiency of the worm gear mechanism as zero; in the attached figure 3, the parking braking mode is shown when the electromagnetic brake 12 is powered on, the motor shaft 11 is released, and when the motor 10 is powered off, the parking braking mode is realized by locking the motor shaft 11, and the parking braking mode is also shown when the electromagnetic coil 22 is powered on, the locking pin 23 is under the action of electromagnetic force, the return spring 21 is compressed, the locking pin 23 and the locking wheel 9 are not contacted with each other, and the braking or releasing of the brake is not influenced; when parking braking is needed, the motor 10 drives the friction plate 15 to press the brake disc 16 to meet the parking braking requirement, then the electromagnetic coil 22 is powered off, the locking pin 23 is inserted into the teeth of the locking wheel 9 under the elastic force action of the return spring 21, the parking braking effect is kept, and the parking braking function under the condition that the motor 10 is powered off can be achieved.
As shown in fig. 3, the caliper body 3 has a brake disc 16 in the caliper jaws, the brake disc 16 has friction pads 15 on both sides, one is mounted on the caliper body 3 and the other is mounted on the large piston 14, the large piston 14 is mounted on the caliper body 3 via a frustum snap ring 27, the frustum snap ring 27 is pushed to the side away from the brake disc 16 by a tilt spring 28, and the tilt spring 28 is mounted on the caliper body 3. There is a large friction between the contact surfaces of the frustum snap ring 27 and the large piston 14, and when the displacement of the large piston 14 is within the elastic deformation range of the inclined spring 28, there is no relative movement between the contact surfaces of the frustum snap ring 27 and the large piston 14. The other end of the large piston 14 is provided with an inclined plane and is matched with a small piston 7 with the same inclined plane, and the small piston 7 is arranged through a friction limiting device: the small sealing ring 29 is arranged in the brake caliper body 3 and can move along the axis of the brake caliper body, the other end of the small sealing ring is provided with a screw rod 4, a nut 5 is arranged on the threaded part of the screw rod, a connecting rod 6 is connected with the nut 5, a small piston 7, the nut 5 and the brake caliper body 3, the outer surface of the screw rod 4 is provided with a one-way clutch 8, the one-way clutch 8 is connected with a driven gear 20, the driven gear 20 is meshed with a driving gear 19, and the driving gear 19 is fixedly arranged.
When the brake works, the motor 10 drives the driving gear 19 to rotate to drive the driven gear 20 to rotate, at the moment, the one-way clutch 8 is combined to drive the screw rod 4 to rotate, the large piston 14/the small piston 7 and the brake caliper body 3 are pushed to move in opposite directions, the corresponding friction plates 15 are driven to press the brake disc 16 from two sides with the same force, and the curved surface between the large piston 14 and the small piston 7 is utilized to generate a self-energizing effect, so that the efficient and reliable brake effect is realized. At this time, the frustum snap ring 27 moves together with the large piston 14 to compress the inclined spring 28, the inclined spring 28 elastically deforms, the small seal ring 29 also elastically deforms, elastic potential energy is stored, and there is no relative movement between the contact surfaces of the small seal ring 29 and the small piston 7. When the brake is released, the motor 10 drives the driven gear 20 to rotate reversely, at the moment, the one-way clutch 8 is separated, the screw rod 4 is in a free state, the elastic potential energy stored by the inclined spring 28 and the small sealing ring 29 is released, so that the large piston 14/the small piston 7 and the brake caliper body 3 move relatively, the screw rod 4 is driven to rotate reversely under the action of the elastic potential energy, and all elements recover to the initial position.
When the friction plate 15 is worn and the thickness is reduced, and the brake works, the motor 10 drives the one-way clutch 8 to be combined through the gear mechanism, the screw rod 4 is driven to rotate, the large piston 14/the small piston 7 and the brake caliper body 3 are pushed to move relatively, when the elastic deformation of the inclined spring 28 and the small sealing ring 29 reaches the maximum, the brake effect is poor due to the wear of the friction plate 15, at the moment, the motor 10 drives the screw rod 4 to continue to rotate through the combined one-way clutch 8, namely, the large piston 14/the small piston 7 and the brake caliper body 3 continue to move relatively, therefore, the inclined spring 28 and the small sealing ring 29 keep the maximum elastic deformation, the large piston 14 overcomes the friction force between the large piston and the frustum clamping ring 27, and the small piston 7 overcomes the friction force between the small sealing ring 29 to be matched with a new. When the brake is released, the motor 10 drives the gear mechanism to rotate reversely, the one-way clutch 8 is separated, the elastic potential energy of the inclined spring 28 and the small sealing ring 29 is released, the large piston 14/the small piston 7 and the brake caliper body 3 move relatively, the screw rod 4 is driven to rotate, the small sealing ring 29 and the small piston 7 are positioned in a matched mode through a new contact surface, the return displacement amount is still the maximum elastic deformation amount of the small sealing ring 29, therefore, the brake clearance is kept the same as that before abrasion, and the automatic adjustment of the brake clearance is achieved.
When parking braking is needed, the motor 10 drives the friction plate 15 to press the brake disc 16 to meet the parking braking requirement, then the electromagnetic brake 12 is powered off, the motor shaft 11 is locked, the braking efficiency is kept unchanged, and the parking braking function under the condition that the motor 10 is powered off can be realized. Or an electric control mechanical braking device is adopted, the locking wheel 9 is arranged on the motor shaft 11, when the power is on, the electromagnetic coil 22 enables the locking pin 23 to return, when the power is off, the locking pin 23 is inserted into the teeth of the locking wheel 9, and the parking braking function under the condition that the power is off of the motor 10 is realized.
In this embodiment, the electromechanical brake device may also act directly on the driving gear 19 or the driven gear 20, and a similar parking brake effect may be obtained.
In the embodiment of fig. 3, the one-way clutch 8 may also be provided in the driving gear 19, or in the motor shaft 11; in the embodiment of fig. 1 and 2, the one-way clutch 8 may also be provided in the worm 25, and the transmission comprises the part that outputs from the motor to the one-way clutch, and the transmission system comprises the rotating member from the one-way clutch to the screw mechanism.
In the third embodiment shown in fig. 4, the motor shaft 11 is directly connected to the screw 4 through the one-way clutch 8, and the screw 4 is supported on the caliper body 3 and can only rotate along its own axis, and is provided with the nut 5. The connecting rod 6 is connected with the small piston 7 and the nut 5, and the friction limiting device of the small piston 7 consists of a spring 18 and a snap ring 17. When the brake works, the motor 10 drives the screw rod 4 to rotate through the one-way clutch 8, and the connecting rod 6 pushes the screw rod 4 and the brake caliper body 3 to move rightwards simultaneously when pushing the large piston 14/the small piston 7 to move leftwards, so that the efficient and reliable brake effect is realized. The brake operation and the contact brake operation, the parking brake operation, and the brake clearance adjustment operation are similar to those of the first and second embodiments, and are not described herein again. In this embodiment the position of the rotating part of the screw mechanism is no longer fixed but moves with the caliper body 3, although it is of course possible to change the support and connection accordingly so that it moves with the small piston 7.
In the fourth embodiment shown in fig. 5, the transmission mechanism is a worm and gear mechanism, the elastic positioning device of the large piston 14 is composed of a bevel spring 28 and a frustum snap ring 27, the rotating part of the thread mechanism is a nut 5, the position of the rotating part is fixed, the rotating part is connected with the worm wheel 24 through a one-way clutch 8, and the moving part-screw rod 4 is simultaneously connected with the small piston 7 and the brake caliper body 3 through a connecting rod 6.
In the fifth embodiment shown in fig. 6, the motor shaft 11 is connected with the transmission disc 26 and directly connected with the bidirectional screw rod 4A through the one-way clutch 8, the bidirectional screw rod 4A is provided with the left-handed nut 5.2 and the right-handed nut 5.1, the connecting rod 6 is simultaneously connected with the small piston 7 and the nut and the brake caliper 3 and the nut, and a plurality of connection points are arranged between the connecting rod 6 and the small piston 7/the brake caliper 3.
In the sixth embodiment of fig. 7, the motor shaft 11 is directly connected to the bidirectional screw 4A through the one-way clutch 8, the bidirectional screw 4A is supported on the caliper body 3 and has the left-hand nut 5.2 and the right-hand nut 5.1, and the connecting rod 6 has one end connected to the nuts and the other end in contact with the small piston 7 and can move on the surface of the small piston 7. The connecting rod 6 connected with the left-handed nut 5.2 and the connecting rod 6 connected with the right-handed nut 5.1 are hinged at the position of the rod body. When the brake caliper works, the left-handed nut 5.2 and the right-handed nut 5.1 move oppositely, so that the contact point of the connecting rod 6 on the small piston 7 also moves oppositely, the large piston 14/the small piston 7 is pushed to move leftwards, and the bidirectional screw rod 4A and the brake caliper body 3 are simultaneously pushed to move rightwards together, namely, the corresponding friction plates 15 are driven to press the brake disc 16 from two sides with the same force, and the brake working process is realized.
In the seventh embodiment shown in fig. 8, the rotating member of the screw mechanism is a bidirectional nut 5A, the moving members are a left-handed screw 4.2 and a right-handed screw 4.1, the bidirectional nut 5A is supported on a small piston 7, the connection mode of the connecting rod 6 is the same as that of the sixth embodiment, and the working process is basically the same.
Given the plethora of specific embodiments, only a portion of this is presented for the purpose of illustrating: the rotating member of the screw mechanism may be a nut or a variant thereof, such as a two-way nut; it may also be a screw or a variant thereof, such as a two-way screw. The rotor may be fixed in position, may be supported on the caliper body, or may be supported on the small piston.
The transmission mechanism can adopt other transmission modes or the combination of the transmission modes except direct transmission, a fixed shaft gear mechanism and a worm gear mechanism, such as chain transmission, belt transmission, lever transmission, inhaul cable transmission, planetary gear transmission and the like, the elastic positioning device/friction limiting device can also adopt other structures except a sealing ring and a spring/snap ring to realize similar functions, and the locking mechanism can also realize the locking function by acting a locking pin on other gears or a special locking ratchet wheel integrated with the gears or installing a ratchet wheel and pawl mechanism on a motor shaft and the like. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive labor based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention has been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover various modifications, adaptations or uses of the invention, and all such modifications and changes are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A self-boosting brake-by-wire comprises a motor, a transmission mechanism, a one-way clutch, a thread mechanism, a large piston, a small piston, a brake caliper body, a brake disc, a friction plate, a connecting rod and an elastic positioning device; the thread mechanism comprises a rotating part and a moving part; the motor is connected with an input element of the transmission mechanism; the terminal element of the transmission mechanism is connected with the one-way clutch, and the one-way clutch is connected with the rotating piece of the thread mechanism; the method is characterized in that: the friction plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the brake disc, one friction plate is arranged on the large piston, and the other friction plate is arranged on the brake caliper body; the large piston is installed in an installation hole on the brake caliper body through the elastic positioning device; one part of the elastic positioning device is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body, and the other part of the elastic positioning device has larger friction force with the large piston; the moving piece of the screw thread mechanism is connected with the small piston or the brake caliper body by the connecting rod; the small piston is arranged on the brake caliper body, one end of the small piston is connected with the connecting rod, and the other end of the small piston comprises a curved surface with a certain slope; the large piston is arranged in an installation hole on the brake caliper body, one end of the large piston is provided with the friction plate, the other end of the large piston comprises a curved surface with a certain slope, and the large piston is in contact fit with the curved surface end of the small piston to form a contact curved surface; a gap is reserved between the large piston and the mounting hole on the brake caliper body, the size of the gap is larger than the feedback of the deformation between the contact of the friction plate and the brake disc and the generation of the maximum braking efficiency on the contact curved surface of the large piston and the small piston in the braking work, and the feedback of the free gap between the friction plate and the brake disc on the contact curved surface of the large piston and the small piston is smaller than the feedback of the free gap between the friction plate and the brake disc on the contact curved surface of the.
2. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 1, wherein: and a transmission system is added between the one-way clutch and the thread mechanism.
3. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a roller mechanism which is adopted at the position where the large piston is matched with the small piston in a curved surface manner so as to reduce the friction resistance.
4. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 1, wherein: the connecting rod is connected with the moving part/small piston/brake caliper body of the screw thread mechanism, the position change of the brake working time part is met through the relative movement between the connecting rod and the moving part/small piston/brake caliper body of the screw thread mechanism, or the position change of the brake working time part is met through the elastic deformation of the connecting part between the connecting rod and the moving part/small piston/brake caliper body of the screw thread mechanism.
5. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 2, wherein: when no transmission link with zero reverse efficiency exists in the transmission mechanism or the transmission system, a locking mechanism is adopted to realize parking braking under the condition of power failure of the motor, the locking mechanism adopts an electromagnetic brake or an electric control mechanical braking device, can fix a transmission element in the transmission link when the transmission mechanism is switched on or switched off, and keeps the pressure between the friction plate and the brake disc, thereby realizing the parking braking function; when the transmission mechanism or the transmission system is provided with a transmission link with the reverse efficiency of zero, the parking brake is realized by the locking mechanism, or the parking brake is realized under the condition that the motor is powered off by using the condition that the reverse efficiency is zero and the power and the motion can not be reversely transmitted.
6. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 1, wherein: the contact curved surface between the large piston and the small piston adopts one curved surface of an inclined plane/a circular arc surface/a hyperbolic surface/a parabolic surface or the combination of the curved surfaces.
7. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 1, wherein: the contact point between the connecting rod and the small piston can move on the surface of the small piston; or the contact point between the connecting rod and the caliper body can be moved on the caliper body surface.
8. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 1, wherein: the screw mechanism adopts a circulating ball structure to reduce friction resistance and improve the working efficiency of the system.
9. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 1, wherein: the friction limiting device is arranged between the small piston and the brake caliper body, one part of the friction limiting device is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body, the other part of the friction limiting device and the small piston have larger friction force, and when the small piston and the brake caliper body have relative displacement, elastic potential energy is generated in the friction limiting device due to the action of friction force; when the small piston and the large piston move together, the axial elasticity of the elastic positioning device of the large piston is smaller than that of the friction limiting device of the small piston.
CN201910710208.5A 2019-07-27 2019-07-27 Self-energizing wire control actuator Active CN110486393B (en)

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CN102996684B (en) * 2011-09-13 2017-02-08 陈坤 High-reinforcement disk brake
CN103343788B (en) * 2013-07-16 2015-07-08 吉林大学 Wedge-shaped automobile brake device based on proportional electromagnet driving
DE102014202189A1 (en) * 2014-02-06 2015-08-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brake device and method for operating a braking device for an automatic parking brake
CN205689645U (en) * 2016-04-07 2016-11-16 金华职业技术学院 A kind of dual-wedge formula automobile electromechanical brake
CN107035790A (en) * 2016-12-19 2017-08-11 金华职业技术学院 A kind of self-boosting type automobile electromechanical brake
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