CN110486392B - Self-energizing wire control actuator - Google Patents
Self-energizing wire control actuator Download PDFInfo
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- CN110486392B CN110486392B CN201910698984.8A CN201910698984A CN110486392B CN 110486392 B CN110486392 B CN 110486392B CN 201910698984 A CN201910698984 A CN 201910698984A CN 110486392 B CN110486392 B CN 110486392B
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- small piston
- caliper body
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
- F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
- F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
- F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
- F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
- F16D55/2255—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is pivoted
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
- F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
- F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
- F16D65/186—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes with full-face force-applying member, e.g. annular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/38—Slack adjusters
- F16D65/40—Slack adjusters mechanical
- F16D65/52—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play
- F16D65/56—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut
- F16D65/567—Slack adjusters mechanical self-acting in one direction for adjusting excessive play with screw-thread and nut for mounting on a disc brake
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
- F16D2121/14—Mechanical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
- F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
- F16D2121/24—Electric or magnetic using motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
- F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
- F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
- F16D2125/34—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting in the direction of the axis of rotation
- F16D2125/40—Screw-and-nut
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
- F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
- F16D2125/44—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting rotation
- F16D2125/46—Rotating members in mutual engagement
- F16D2125/48—Rotating members in mutual engagement with parallel stationary axes, e.g. spur gears
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
- F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
- F16D2125/44—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting rotation
- F16D2125/46—Rotating members in mutual engagement
- F16D2125/52—Rotating members in mutual engagement with non-parallel stationary axes, e.g. worm or bevel gears
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a self-energizing wire control actuator, which comprises a motor, a transmission mechanism, a one-way clutch, a screw mechanism, a large piston, a small piston, an elastic positioning device and the like. The motor drives the one-way clutch to rotate through the transmission mechanism, the one-way clutch is combined with the driving threaded mechanism, the large piston and the brake caliper body are respectively driven to move in opposite directions through the threaded mechanism, the friction plates are pressed tightly from two sides of the brake disc with the same force, the efficient self-energizing braking effect is achieved, and meanwhile, the error self-energizing braking caused by other factors is avoided. The invention has simple structure, reliable work and high braking efficiency, can automatically adjust the braking clearance, compensate the influence caused by the abrasion of the friction plate, simplify the design of a control system and can be used for service braking and parking braking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of brakes, in particular to a brake-by-wire mechanical brake which can replace the existing floating caliper disc type hydraulic brake, realize that friction plates clamp a brake disc from two sides with the same pressure in an electric control mechanical mode, and simultaneously realize adjustable brake clearance and adjustable brake strength, in particular to a self-energizing brake-by-wire.
Background
The brake-by-wire technology is a novel brake technology appearing in recent years, a control system receives information of a sensor to control a motor to work without depending on mechanical or hydraulic connection between a brake and a brake pedal, and stable and reliable brake control of an automobile is realized. At present, there are two main types of electronic hydraulic brake systems (EHB) and electronic mechanical brake systems (EMB). The brake-by-wire system is beneficial to optimizing the braking performance of the whole vehicle, and can be conveniently integrated with other electronic control systems such as ABS, ASR, ESP and the like, so that the system has wide development space.
The electronic hydraulic brake system (EHB) is formed by transforming the traditional hydraulic brake system, the braking process is quicker and more stable, the braking safety and the comfort of an automobile are improved, but the electronic hydraulic brake system does not have all the advantages of a complete brake-by-wire system because a hydraulic component is reserved, and is generally regarded as an advanced product of an electronic mechanical brake system (EMB).
An electronic mechanical brake system (EMB) drives a mechanical mechanism through a motor to realize a braking process, so that the structure of the brake system is greatly simplified, and the brake is easier to arrange, assemble and overhaul. However, the conventional electromechanical braking system often lacks a function of automatically adjusting the braking clearance at the brake part, so that the problem that the efficiency of a brake actuator is variable under the conditions of external environment change and friction plate abrasion of the brake is caused, and certain difficulty is brought to the control of the braking efficiency. Meanwhile, most brakes have the problems of complex structure, large installation size and the like.
Most of the current electromechanical brakes are designed based on disc brakes, and a wedge mechanism is introduced into the electromechanical brakes to generate a self-boosting effect, so that a larger braking efficiency is obtained through a smaller motor driving force. The free clearance of the disc brake is small, and when the friction plate and the brake disc are contacted due to impurities, unevenness and the like, the situation of wrong braking is easy to occur due to the self-energizing property of the wedge mechanism.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-energizing brake-by-wire. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, reliable work and the like, can realize the automatic adjustment of the brake clearance, and simultaneously avoids the situation of error braking while the wedge type mechanism generates the self-energizing effect through the matching of the large piston and the mounting hole.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a self-boosting brake-by-wire comprises a motor, a transmission mechanism, a one-way clutch, a thread mechanism, a small piston, a large piston, an elastic positioning device, a brake caliper body, a brake disc and a friction plate; the thread mechanism comprises a rotating part and a moving part; the motor is connected with a power input element of the transmission mechanism; the power output element of the transmission mechanism is connected with the one-way clutch, and the one-way clutch is connected with the rotating piece of the thread mechanism; the small piston is arranged on the brake caliper body, one end of the small piston is connected with the thread mechanism, and the other end of the small piston comprises a curved surface structure with a certain curvature; the large piston is arranged in an installation hole on the brake caliper body through the elastic positioning device, one end of the large piston is provided with the friction plate, and the other end of the large piston is provided with a curved surface structure corresponding to the curved surface structure of the small piston; the curved surface end of the large piston is matched with the curved surface end of the small piston to form a contact curved surface; the friction plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the brake disc, one friction plate is arranged on the large piston, and the other friction plate is arranged on the brake caliper body; one part of the elastic positioning device is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body, and the other part of the elastic positioning device has larger friction force with the large piston, so that when the large piston and the brake caliper body have relative displacement, elastic potential energy is generated in the elastic positioning device due to the action of the friction force.
A gap is reserved between the large piston and the mounting hole on the brake caliper body, the size of the gap is larger than the feedback of the deformation between the contact of the friction plate and the brake disc and the generation of the maximum braking efficiency on the contact curved surface of the large piston and the small piston in the braking work, and the feedback of the free gap between the friction plate and the brake disc on the contact curved surface of the large piston and the small piston is smaller than the feedback of the free gap between the friction plate and the brake disc on the contact curved surface of the. When the brake works, the friction plate is contacted with the brake disc, and the friction plate generates relative movement on the curved surface between the large piston and the small piston due to the action of friction force, so that the self-boosting effect is realized, and when the maximum brake strength is reached, the large piston is not contacted with the mounting hole. When the friction plate and the brake disc are contacted due to impurities or unevenness between the friction plate and the brake disc, relative movement can be generated on the curved surface between the large piston and the small piston, and the large piston is contacted with the mounting hole before the free gap is completely eliminated, so that the self-boosting effect can not occur.
And a transmission system is added between the one-way clutch and the thread mechanism.
The device also comprises a roller mechanism which is adopted at the position where the large piston is matched with the small piston in a curved surface manner so as to reduce the friction resistance.
The friction limiting device is arranged between the small piston and the brake caliper body, one part of the friction limiting device is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body, the other part of the friction limiting device and the small piston have larger friction force, and when the small piston and the brake caliper body have relative displacement, elastic potential energy is generated in the friction limiting device due to the action of friction force; when the small piston and the large piston move together, the axial elasticity of the elastic positioning device of the large piston is smaller than that of the friction limiting device of the small piston.
The moving piece of the screw mechanism is connected with the small piston/the brake caliper body, the connection mode comprises fixed connection and integration, and the connection mode specifically comprises the steps of processing a threaded hole on the small piston, processing a threaded hole on the brake caliper body, fixedly installing a screw rod on the small piston and fixedly installing a screw rod on the brake caliper body.
And a piston positioning device is arranged between the small piston and the brake caliper body, so that the small piston can only move along the axis and cannot rotate.
The screw mechanism is characterized in that a ball structure is adopted to reduce friction resistance and improve the working efficiency of the system.
The curved contact surface between the large piston and the small piston can be a slope, a circular arc surface, a hyperbolic surface, a parabolic surface and the like or a combination of the above curved surfaces.
When no transmission link with zero reverse efficiency exists in the transmission mechanism or the transmission system, a locking mechanism is adopted to realize parking braking under the condition of power failure of the motor, the locking mechanism adopts an electromagnetic brake or an electric control mechanical braking device, can fix a transmission element in the transmission link when the transmission mechanism is switched on or switched off, and keeps the pressure between the friction plate and the brake disc, thereby realizing the parking braking function; when the transmission mechanism or the transmission system is provided with a transmission link with the reverse efficiency of zero, the parking brake can be realized by using the locking mechanism, and the parking brake can also be realized under the condition that the motor is powered off by using the condition that the reverse efficiency is zero and the power and the motion can not be reversely transmitted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a first embodiment of a self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a view of a direction a of a first embodiment of a self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of a second embodiment of the self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of a third embodiment of the self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a front view of a fourth embodiment of a self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a front view of a fifth embodiment of a self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a front view of a sixth embodiment of a self-energizing brake-by-wire of the present invention.
The description is marked in the drawings: 1-brake caliper support 2-guide pin 3-brake caliper body 4-plane thrust bearing 5-screw 6-worm wheel 7-one-way clutch 8-worm 9-small seal ring 10-motor 11-small piston 12-friction plate 13-brake disc 14-motor shaft 15-electromagnetic brake 16-primary driving gear 17-spring 18-snap ring 19-primary driven gear 20-secondary driving gear 21-secondary driven gear 22-electromagnetic coil 23-locking pin 24-return spring 25-nut 26-radial bearing 27-oblique spring 28-frustum snap ring 29-large piston 30-large seal ring 31-conical roller bearing 32-cylindrical roller 33-two-way nut 29 34-flat key 35-bidirectional screw
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
As shown in fig. 1, a self-energizing brake control device comprises a caliper body 3 which can be displaced on a guide pin 2, which guide pin 2 is fixed to a caliper support 1. The brake caliper body 3 is internally provided with a brake disc 13 in a jaw, friction plates 12 are arranged on two sides of the brake disc 13, one is arranged on the brake caliper body 3, the other is arranged on a large piston 29, the large piston 29 is arranged on the brake caliper body 3 through a frustum clamping ring 28, the frustum clamping ring 28 is pushed to the side far away from the brake disc 13 by a slant spring 27, and the slant spring 27 is arranged on the brake caliper body 3. There is a large friction between the contact surfaces of the frustum snap ring 28 and the large piston 29, and when the displacement of the large piston 29 is within the elastic deformation range of the inclined spring 27, there is no relative movement between the contact surfaces of the frustum snap ring 28 and the large piston 29. The other end of the large piston 29 is provided with an inclined plane and is matched with a small piston 11 with the same inclined plane, the small piston 11 is arranged in the brake caliper body 3 and can move along the axis of the brake caliper body, the other end of the small piston is matched with a screw rod 5 of a screw thread mechanism through a plane thrust bearing 4, the other end of the screw rod 5 is provided with a screw thread and is matched with a screw hole on the brake caliper body 3, and the outer surface of the screw rod is matched with a worm wheel 6 through a one-way clutch 7. The worm 8, which cooperates with the worm wheel 6, is driven by a motor 10.
When the brake works, the motor 10 drives the worm 8 and the worm wheel 6 to rotate, at the moment, the one-way clutch 7 is combined to drive the screw rod 5 to rotate, because the plane thrust bearing 4 is arranged between the screw rod 5 and the small piston 11, the rotation of the screw rod 5 cannot cause the small piston 11 to rotate, the screw rod 5 is matched with a threaded hole on the brake caliper body 3, and the brake caliper body 3 cannot rotate, so the rotation of the screw rod 5 enables the small piston 11 to move leftwards, the small piston 11 pushes the large piston 29 to move leftwards, meanwhile, the brake caliper body 3 moves rightwards, when the friction plate 12 is contacted with the brake disc 13 to generate friction force, the large piston 29 moves relative to the small piston 11 due to the action of the friction force and a curved surface between the large piston and the small piston. When the maximum braking strength is reached, the large piston 29 and the mounting hole are not in contact. At this time, the frustum snap ring 28 and the large piston 29 move together, the inclined spring 27 is compressed, the inclined spring 27 is elastically deformed, elastic potential energy is stored, and there is no relative movement between the contact surfaces of the frustum snap ring 28 and the large piston 29. When the brake is released, the motor 10 drives the worm gear mechanism to rotate reversely, at the moment, the one-way clutch 7 is separated, the screw rod 5 is in a free state, the elastic potential energy stored in the inclined spring 27 is released, so that the large piston 29/the small piston 11 and the brake caliper body 3 move relatively, the screw rod 5 is driven to rotate reversely under the action of the elastic potential energy in the inclined spring 27, and all elements recover to the initial position.
When the friction plate 12 is worn and the thickness becomes thinner, and the brake works, the motor 10 drives the one-way clutch 7 to be combined through the worm gear mechanism, the screw rod 5 is driven to rotate, the large piston 29/the small piston 11 and the brake caliper body 3 are pushed to move relatively, after the elastic deformation of the inclined spring 27 reaches the maximum, due to the wear of the friction plate 12, the motor 10 continues to drive the screw rod 5 to rotate through the combined one-way clutch 7, namely the large piston 29/the small piston 11 and the brake caliper body 3 continue to move relatively, therefore, the inclined spring 27 keeps the maximum elastic deformation, the large piston 29 overcomes the friction force between the large piston 29 and the frustum snap ring 28, and is matched with the frustum snap ring 28 through a new contact surface, namely the displacement of the large piston 29 relative to the brake caliper body 3 is greater than the maximum elastic deformation of the inclined spring. When the brake is released, the motor 10 drives the worm gear mechanism to rotate reversely, the one-way clutch 7 is separated, the elastic potential energy of the inclined spring 27 is released, the large piston 29/the small piston 11 and the brake caliper body 3 move relatively, the screw rod 5 is driven to rotate reversely, at the moment, the frustum clamping ring 28 and the large piston 29 are positioned in a matched mode through a new contact surface, the return displacement amount is still the maximum elastic deformation amount of the inclined spring 27, therefore, the brake gap is kept the same as that before abrasion, and the automatic adjustment of the brake gap is achieved. The clearance adjustment during continuous braking can be accomplished by both the large piston 29 and the resilient positioning means.
When the transmission reverse efficiency of the worm 8 and the worm wheel 6 is zero, the motor 10 can drive the friction plate 12 to press the brake disc 13, and after the parking brake requirement is met, the parking brake under the condition that the motor 10 is powered off is realized by using the self-locking function of the worm and worm wheel mechanism.
Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 3.
The embodiment of fig. 3 differs from the embodiment of fig. 1 mainly as follows:
the transmission mechanisms are different, a worm gear mechanism is adopted for transmission in the attached drawing 1, a worm wheel 6 is a power output element of the transmission mechanism, and a one-way clutch 7 is arranged between the worm wheel 6 and a screw rod 5; in fig. 3, two-stage gear transmission is adopted, the secondary driven gear 21 is a power output element of the transmission mechanism, and the one-way clutch 7 is arranged between the secondary driven gear 21 and the nut 25.
The connection modes of the thread mechanisms are different, a rotating part of the thread mechanism in the attached figure 1 is a screw rod 5, and a threaded hole of a matched moving part and a brake caliper body 3 are integrated; in fig. 3, the rotating part of the screw mechanism is a nut 25, and the screw rod 5 of the matched moving part is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body 3.
Different elastic positioning devices are adopted, an inclined spring 27 and a frustum clamping ring 28 are adopted in the attached drawing 1 to realize an elastic positioning function, and the inclined spring 27 is utilized to generate elastic deformation to store elastic potential energy; in fig. 3, the large sealing ring 30 is used for realizing the elastic positioning function, and the elastic potential energy is stored by utilizing the elastic deformation of the large sealing ring 30.
The small piston in figure 3 is additionally provided with a friction limiting device which comprises a spring 17 and a snap ring 18 and is used for limiting and returning the small piston 11.
The parking brake function is realized in different modes, in the attached figure 1, the parking brake under the condition that the motor 10 is powered off can be directly realized by utilizing the reverse efficiency of the worm gear mechanism as zero; in fig. 3, the parking brake mode is shown in which the electromagnetic brake 15 is used to release the motor shaft 14 when the power is turned on, and the motor shaft 14 is locked when the power is turned off to realize the power failure of the motor 10, and the parking brake mode is also shown in which the electromagnetic brake device is used, wherein when the electromagnetic coil 22 is used to be powered on, the locking pin 23 is acted by electromagnetic force to compress the return spring 24, so that the locking pin 23 is not in contact with the secondary driven gear 21, and the braking or releasing of the brake is not affected; when parking braking is needed, the motor 10 drives the friction plate 12 to press the brake disc 13 to meet the parking braking requirement, then the electromagnetic coil 22 is powered off, the locking pin 23 is inserted into the teeth of the secondary driven gear 21 under the elastic force action of the return spring 24, the parking braking effect is kept, and the parking braking function under the condition that the motor 10 is powered off can be achieved.
As shown in FIG. 3, the caliper body 3 has a brake disc 13 in the caliper jaws, friction plates 12 are provided on both sides of the brake disc 13, one is mounted on the caliper body 3 and the other is mounted on the large piston 29, the large piston 29 is mounted on the caliper body 3 through the large seal ring 30, there is a large frictional force between the contact surfaces of the large seal ring 30 and the large piston 29, and when the large piston 29 is displaced within the elastic deformation range of the large seal ring 30, there is no relative movement between the contact surfaces of the large seal ring 30 and the large piston 29. The other end of the large piston 29 has an inclined plane, and is installed in cooperation with a small piston 11 also having an inclined plane, and the small piston 11 is installed through a friction limiting device: the spring 17 and the snap ring 18 are arranged in the brake caliper body 3 and can move along the axis of the brake caliper body, the other end of the spring is matched with a nut 25 of a screw mechanism through a plane thrust bearing 4 and a radial bearing 26, the nut 25 is matched with a screw rod 5, and the screw rod 5 is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body 3. The outer surface of the nut 25 is connected with a secondary driven gear 21 through a one-way clutch 7, the secondary driven gear 21, a secondary driving gear 20, a primary driven gear 19 and a primary driving gear 16 form a two-stage gear reduction mechanism, and the primary driving gear 16 is fixedly arranged on a motor shaft 14.
When the brake works, the motor 10 drives the one-way clutch 7 to combine through the two-stage gear reduction mechanism, drives the nut 25 to rotate, pushes the large piston 29/the small piston 11 and the brake caliper body 3 to move in opposite directions, drives the corresponding friction plates 12 to press the brake disc 13 from two sides with the same force, and utilizes the curved surface between the large piston 29 and the small piston 11 to generate a self-energizing effect, thereby realizing high-efficiency and reliable brake effect. The large sealing ring 30 is elastically deformed, the snap ring 18 and the small piston 11 move together, the spring 17 is compressed, the spring 17 is elastically deformed, elastic potential energy is stored, and no relative motion exists between the contact surfaces of the snap ring 18 and the small piston 11. When the brake is released, the motor 10 drives the two-stage gear reduction mechanism to rotate reversely, at the moment, the one-way clutch 7 is separated, the nut 25 is in a free state, the elastic potential energy stored by the large sealing ring 30 and the spring 17 is released, so that the large piston 29/the small piston 11 and the brake caliper body 3 move relatively, the nut 25 is driven to rotate reversely under the action of the elastic potential energy, and all elements recover to the initial position.
When the friction plate 12 is worn and the thickness is reduced, and the brake works, the motor 10 drives the one-way clutch 7 to be combined through the two-stage gear reduction mechanism, the driving nut 25 rotates to push the large piston 29/the small piston 11 and the brake caliper body 3 to move relatively, the elastic deformation of the large sealing ring 30/the spring 17 reaches the maximum, and when the snap ring 18 abuts against the left side step surface, because the friction plate 12 is worn, the motor 10 drives the nut 25 to continue to rotate through the combined one-way clutch 7, namely the large piston 29/the small piston 11 and the brake caliper body 3 continue to move relatively, the large sealing ring 30/the spring 17 keeps the maximum elastic deformation, the large piston 29 overcomes the friction force between the large sealing ring 30, and the small piston 11 overcomes the friction force between the snap ring 18 to be matched with a new contact surface. When the brake is released, the motor 10 drives the two-stage gear reduction mechanism to rotate reversely, the one-way clutch 7 is separated, the elastic potential energy of the large sealing ring 30/the spring 17 is released, the large piston 29/the small piston 11 and the brake caliper body 3 move relatively, the nut 25 is driven to rotate, at the moment, the large sealing ring 30, the large piston 29, the snap ring 18 and the small piston 11 are positioned in a matched mode through new contact surfaces, the return displacement amount is still the maximum elastic deformation amount of the spring 17, the axial elastic force of the large sealing ring is smaller than that of the spring, therefore, the brake gap is kept the same as that before abrasion, and the automatic adjustment of the brake gap is realized.
When parking braking is needed, the motor 10 drives the friction plate 12 to press the brake disc 13 to meet the parking braking requirement, then the electromagnetic brake 15 is powered off, the motor shaft 14 is locked, the braking efficiency is kept unchanged, and the parking braking function under the condition that the motor 10 is powered off can be realized. Or an electric control mechanical braking device is adopted, when the power is on, the electromagnetic coil 22 enables the locking pin 23 to return, when the power is off, the locking pin 23 is inserted into the teeth of the secondary driven gear 21, and the parking braking function under the condition that the motor 10 is powered off is realized.
In this embodiment, the electromechanical braking device may also act directly on the primary driven gear 19, or on the secondary driving gear 20, or on a specially provided locking wheel, and a similar parking braking effect may be obtained.
In the embodiment of fig. 3, the one-way clutch 7 may also be provided in the primary driven gear 19, or in the primary driving gear 16, or in the secondary driving gear 20; in the embodiment of fig. 1 and 2, the one-way clutch 7 may also be provided in the worm 8, and the transmission comprises the part from the motor output to the one-way clutch, and the transmission system comprises the part from the one-way clutch to the rotating part of the screw mechanism.
In fig. 4, the rotating member of the screw mechanism is a nut 25, and the moving member is a screw rod 5 fixedly mounted on the small piston 11, so that a cylindrical roller 32 of a piston positioning device is arranged between the small piston 11 and the caliper body 3, so that the small piston 11 can only move axially but cannot rotate, and the rest is the same as that in fig. 3.
In the attached figure 5, a rotating part of the screw mechanism is a two-way nut 33, a moving part is two screw rods with opposite rotating directions, a screw rod 5.1 is fixedly installed on a small piston 11, a screw rod 5.2 is fixedly installed on a brake caliper body 3, a piston positioning device arranged between the small piston 11 and the brake caliper body 3 is a flat key 34, so that the small piston 11 can only axially move and can not rotate, a friction limiting device arranged between the small piston 11 and the brake caliper body 3 is a small sealing ring 9, and the rest is the same as that in the attached figure 3.
In the attached figure 6, the rotating part of the screw mechanism is a bidirectional screw 35, the moving part is two threaded holes with opposite rotating directions, the two threaded holes are respectively processed into a whole with the small piston 11 and the caliper body 3, the piston positioning device arranged between the small piston 11 and the caliper body 3 is a cylindrical roller 32, so that the small piston 11 can only axially move and can not rotate, and the rest threaded parts are the same as those in the attached figure 3.
In the attached figure 7, a rotating part of the screw mechanism is a screw rod 5, a moving part is a threaded hole and is processed into a whole with a small piston 11, a piston positioning device arranged between the small piston 11 and a brake caliper body 3 is a flat key 34, so that the small piston 11 can only axially move and cannot rotate, an elastic positioning device of a large piston 29 is a large sealing ring 30, a friction limiting device of the small piston 11 is a small sealing ring 9, and the rest parts are the same as those in the attached figure 1.
The transmission mechanism can adopt other transmission modes such as chain transmission, belt transmission, lever transmission, inhaul cable transmission, planetary gear transmission and the like or the combination of the transmission modes except a dead axle gear mechanism and a worm gear mechanism, the elastic positioning device/friction limiting device can also adopt other structures to realize similar functions except a sealing ring and a spring/snap ring, the piston positioning device can also adopt various modes such as a spline, a pin and a non-circular outer surface of a piston except a flat key and a cylindrical roller, and the locking mechanism can also act a locking pin on other gears or a special locking ratchet wheel integrated with the gears or realize the locking function in a mode of installing a ratchet wheel and pawl mechanism on a motor shaft and the like. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive labor based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention has been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover various modifications, adaptations or uses of the invention, and all such modifications and changes are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A self-boosting brake-by-wire comprises a motor, a transmission mechanism, a one-way clutch, a thread mechanism, a small piston, a large piston, an elastic positioning device, a brake caliper body, a brake disc and a friction plate; the method is characterized in that: the thread mechanism comprises a rotating part and a moving part; the motor is connected with a power input element of the transmission mechanism; the power output element of the transmission mechanism is connected with the one-way clutch, and the one-way clutch is connected with the rotating piece of the thread mechanism; the small piston is arranged on the brake caliper body, one end of the small piston is connected with the thread mechanism, and the other end of the small piston comprises a curved surface structure with a certain curvature; the large piston is arranged in an installation hole on the brake caliper body through the elastic positioning device, one end of the large piston is provided with the friction plate, and the other end of the large piston is provided with a curved surface structure matched with the curved surface structure of the small piston; the curved surface end of the large piston is matched with the curved surface end of the small piston to form a contact curved surface; the friction plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the brake disc, one friction plate is arranged on the large piston, and the other friction plate is arranged on the brake caliper body; one part of the elastic positioning device is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body, and the other part of the elastic positioning device has larger friction force with the large piston; a gap is reserved between the large piston and the mounting hole on the brake caliper body, the size of the gap is larger than the feedback of the deformation between the contact of the friction plate and the brake disc and the generation of the maximum braking efficiency on the contact curved surface of the large piston and the small piston in the braking work, and the feedback of the free gap between the friction plate and the brake disc on the contact curved surface of the large piston and the small piston is smaller than the feedback of the free gap between the friction plate and the brake disc on the contact curved surface of the.
2. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 1, wherein: and a transmission system is added between the one-way clutch and the thread mechanism.
3. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a roller mechanism which is adopted at the position where the large piston is matched with the small piston in a curved surface manner so as to reduce the friction resistance.
4. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 1, wherein: the friction limiting device is arranged between the small piston and the brake caliper body, one part of the friction limiting device is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body, the other part of the friction limiting device and the small piston have larger friction force, and when the small piston and the brake caliper body have relative displacement, elastic potential energy is generated in the friction limiting device due to the action of friction force; when the small piston and the large piston move together, the axial elasticity of the elastic positioning device of the large piston is smaller than that of the friction limiting device of the small piston.
5. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 1, wherein: the moving piece of the screw mechanism is connected with the small piston/the brake caliper body in a fixed connection or integrated mode, and the screw mechanism specifically comprises a threaded hole machined in the small piston, a threaded hole machined in the brake caliper body, a screw fixedly installed on the small piston and a screw fixedly installed on the brake caliper body.
6. The self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 5, wherein: and a piston positioning device is arranged between the small piston and the brake caliper body, so that the small piston can only move along the axis and cannot rotate.
7. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 1, wherein: the screw mechanism is characterized in that a ball structure is adopted to reduce friction resistance and improve the working efficiency of the system.
8. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 1, wherein: the contact curved surface between the large piston and the small piston adopts one curved surface of an inclined plane/a circular arc surface/a hyperbolic surface/a parabolic surface or the combination of the curved surfaces.
9. A self-energizing brake-by-wire of claim 2, wherein: when no transmission link with zero reverse efficiency exists in the transmission mechanism or the transmission system, a locking mechanism is adopted to realize parking braking under the condition of power failure of the motor, the locking mechanism adopts an electromagnetic brake or an electric control mechanical braking device, can fix a transmission element in the transmission link when the transmission mechanism is switched on or switched off, and keeps the pressure between the friction plate and the brake disc, thereby realizing the parking braking function; when the transmission mechanism or the transmission system is provided with a transmission link with the reverse efficiency of zero, the parking brake is realized by the locking mechanism, or the parking brake is realized under the condition that the motor is powered off by using the condition that the reverse efficiency is zero and the power and the motion can not be reversely transmitted.
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| CN110925334B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2024-04-16 | 湖北科技学院 | Clamp type braking structure with anti-lock function |
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