CN107588126B - Electronic mechanical wire control actuator - Google Patents
Electronic mechanical wire control actuator Download PDFInfo
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- CN107588126B CN107588126B CN201710906449.8A CN201710906449A CN107588126B CN 107588126 B CN107588126 B CN 107588126B CN 201710906449 A CN201710906449 A CN 201710906449A CN 107588126 B CN107588126 B CN 107588126B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electromechanical linear actuator which comprises a motor, a transmission mechanism, a one-way clutch, a screw, a nut piston, a friction limiting device and the like. The motor drives the one-way clutch to rotate through the transmission mechanism, the one-way clutch is combined to drive the nut to rotate, the piston and the brake caliper body are respectively driven to move in opposite directions through the threaded transmission mechanism, and the friction plates are pressed tightly by the same force from two sides of the brake disc, so that an efficient braking effect is realized. The invention has simple structure, reliable operation and high braking efficiency, can automatically adjust the braking clearance, compensates the influence caused by the abrasion of the friction plate, simplifies the design of a control system, and can be used for service braking and parking braking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of brakes, in particular to a brake-by-wire mechanical brake which can replace the existing floating caliper disc type hydraulic brake, realize that friction plates clamp a brake disc from two sides by the same pressure in an electric control mechanical mode, and simultaneously realize that a brake clearance is adjustable and a brake strength is adjustable, and particularly relates to an electronic mechanical brake-by-wire.
Background
The brake-by-wire technology is a novel brake technology which appears in recent years, mechanical or hydraulic connection is not relied on between a brake and a brake pedal, and a control system receives information of a sensor to control the motor to work so as to realize stable and reliable brake control of an automobile. Currently, there are mainly two types of electrohydraulic brake systems (EHB) and electromechanical brake systems (EMB). The brake-by-wire system is favorable for optimizing the braking performance of the whole vehicle, and can be conveniently integrated with other electronic control systems such as ABS, ASR, ESP, so that the brake-by-wire system has a wide development space.
An electrohydraulic brake system (EHB) is modified from a conventional hydraulic brake system, and the braking process is faster and more stable, improving the safety and comfort of the vehicle, but does not have all the advantages of a fully brake-by-wire system due to the retention of hydraulic components, and is generally regarded as an advanced product of an electromechanical brake system (EMB).
An electromechanical brake system (EMB) realizes a braking process by a motor-driven mechanical mechanism, greatly simplifies the structure of the brake system, and makes the brake easier to arrange, assemble and overhaul. However, the existing electromechanical brake system often lacks a function of automatically adjusting a brake clearance at a brake part, so that the brake causes the problem of variable efficiency of a brake actuator under the conditions of external environment change and friction plate abrasion, thereby bringing a certain difficulty to brake efficiency control. Meanwhile, most of the brakes have the problems of complex structure, large installation size and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electromechanical wire control actuator. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation and the like, can realize the automatic adjustment of the braking clearance, and can convert the magnitude of the braking clamping force by detecting the displacement or the rotation angle of the friction plate driving mechanism, thereby correspondingly simplifying the control system.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
an electromechanical linear actuator comprises a motor, a transmission mechanism, a one-way clutch, a screw, a nut, a piston, a friction limiting device, a brake caliper body, a brake disc and a friction plate; the friction plates are two, are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the brake disc, are arranged on the piston, and are arranged on the brake caliper body; the piston is arranged on the brake caliper body through the friction limiting device; one part of the friction limiting device is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body, the other part of the friction limiting device and the piston have larger friction force, and when the piston and the brake caliper body have relative displacement, elastic potential energy is generated in the friction limiting device due to the friction force; the motor is connected with an input element of the transmission mechanism; the terminal element of the transmission mechanism is connected with the one-way clutch, the one-way clutch is connected with the nut, the nut is arranged on the piston and can rotate around the axis direction of the piston, and the movement along the axis direction of the piston is limited by the piston; the screw is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body and corresponds to the position of the nut; the screw rod is matched with the nut; when the one-way clutch is combined, the nut is driven to rotate, and the brake caliper body and the piston are driven to move in opposite directions through the threaded transmission mechanism, so that the friction plate is driven to press the brake disc from two sides;
during braking, the motor drives the one-way clutch to move through the transmission mechanism, at the moment, the one-way clutch is combined to drive the nut to rotate, and because the screw is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body and cannot rotate, the nut rotates to drive the piston and the brake caliper body to move in opposite directions respectively, so that the friction plates are pressed on two sides of the brake disc to obtain efficient and reliable braking effect, and at the moment, relative displacement exists between the piston and the brake caliper body, and elastic potential energy is generated in the friction limiting device; when the brake is released, the motor drives the one-way clutch to reversely move through the transmission mechanism, the one-way clutch is separated at the moment, the elastic potential energy in the friction limiting device acts to enable the piston and the brake caliper to relatively move, and the initial position is restored, and the nut rotates to adapt to the relative movement of the piston and the brake caliper body at the moment;
when the friction plate is worn and the thickness is thinned, the motor drives the one-way clutch to be combined through the transmission mechanism to drive the nut to rotate, so that the piston and the brake caliper relatively move, the elastic potential energy in the friction limiting device reaches the maximum, and the friction plate is thinned, so that the braking effect is poor, at the moment, the motor continues to work, the nut is driven to continue to rotate, the friction force between the piston and the friction limiting device is overcome, the piston and the brake caliper body continue to relatively move, and the brake disc is compressed, so that a reliable and efficient braking effect is obtained; when the braking is released, the elastic potential energy in the friction limiting device acts to enable the piston and the brake caliper to relatively move, and at the moment, the piston and the friction limiting device are relatively fixed at a new contact position, so that automatic adjustment of a braking gap is realized.
The screw rod is characterized by also comprising a circulating ball structure between the nut and the screw rod, so that friction resistance is reduced, and system working efficiency is improved.
Further comprising adding a drive train between said one-way clutch and said nut.
The device also comprises a roller mechanism at the connection position of the piston and the nut so as to reduce friction resistance.
When the transmission mechanism or the transmission system has no transmission link with zero inverse efficiency, a locking mechanism is adopted to realize parking braking under the condition that the motor is powered off, and the locking mechanism adopts an electromagnetic brake or an electric control mechanical brake device, so that transmission elements in the transmission link can be fixed when the motor is powered on and powered off, and the pressure between the friction plate and the brake disc is kept, thereby realizing the parking braking function; when the transmission mechanism or the transmission system is provided with a transmission link with zero reverse efficiency, the locking mechanism can be utilized to realize parking braking, and the reverse efficiency is zero, power and motion can not be reversely transmitted, so that the parking braking under the condition of power failure of the motor can be realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a first embodiment of an electromechanical brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an a-direction view of a first embodiment of an electromechanical brake-by-wire of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of a second embodiment of an electromechanical brake-by-wire of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings indicate: 1-a brake caliper bracket 2-a guide pin 3-a brake caliper body 4-a plane thrust bearing 5-a screw rod 6-a worm wheel 7-a one-way clutch 8-a worm 9-a sealing ring 10-a motor 11-a piston 12-a friction plate 13-a brake disc 14-a motor shaft 15-an electromagnetic brake 16-a primary driving gear 17-a spring 18-a clamping ring 19-a primary driven gear 20-a secondary driving gear 21-a secondary driven gear 22-an electromagnetic coil 23-a locking pin 24-a return spring 25-a nut 26-a radial bearing
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
As shown in fig. 1, an electromechanical brake-by-wire comprises a caliper body (3) movable on a guide pin (2), the guide pin (2) being fixed to a caliper bracket (1). A brake disc (13) is arranged in a jaw of the brake caliper body (3), friction plates (12) are arranged on two sides of the brake disc (13), one brake disc is arranged on the brake caliper body (3), the other brake disc is arranged on the piston (11), the piston (11) is arranged on the brake caliper body (3) through a sealing ring (9), larger friction force is arranged between the sealing ring (9) and a contact surface of the piston (11), and when displacement of the piston (11) is in an elastic deformation range of the sealing ring (9), no relative movement exists between the sealing ring (9) and the contact surface of the piston (11). The other side of the piston (11) is provided with a hole, a nut (25) is arranged in the hole, and a plane thrust bearing (4) and a radial bearing (26) are arranged between the nut (25) and the hole of the piston (11) so as to reduce friction loss. The nut (25) is matched with the screw rod (5), and the screw rod (5) is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body (3). The outer surface of the nut (25) is connected with the worm wheel (6) through the one-way clutch (7), and the worm (8) which is matched with the worm wheel (6) to work is driven by the motor (10).
During braking, the motor (10) drives the worm (8) and the worm wheel (6) to rotate, at the moment, the one-way clutch (7) is combined to drive the nut (25) to rotate, and as the screw rod (5) is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body (3) and cannot rotate, the rotation of the nut (25) enables the piston (11) and the nut (25) to move leftwards, and meanwhile, the screw rod (5) and the brake caliper body (3) move rightwards, namely, the piston (11) and the brake caliper body (3) move in opposite directions, and the corresponding friction plates (12) are driven to be pressed to the brake disc (13) from two sides with the same force, so that a high-efficiency and reliable braking effect is achieved. At the moment, the sealing ring (9) is elastically deformed, elastic potential energy is stored, and no relative movement exists between the contact surfaces of the sealing ring (9) and the piston (11). When the braking work is released, the motor (10) drives the worm and gear mechanism to reversely rotate, at the moment, the one-way clutch (7) is separated, the nut (25) is in a free state, elastic potential energy stored by the sealing ring (9) is released, so that the piston (11) and the brake caliper body (3) relatively move, the nut (25) is driven to reversely rotate under the action of the elastic potential energy in the sealing ring (9), and all elements are restored to the initial positions.
When the friction plate (12) is worn and the thickness is thinned, the motor (10) drives the one-way clutch (7) to be combined through the worm and gear mechanism during braking, the driving nut (25) rotates to push the piston (11) and the brake caliper body (3) to move relatively, when the elastic deformation of the sealing ring (9) reaches the maximum, the friction plate (12) is worn and the braking effect is poor, at the moment, the motor (10) continues to rotate through the combined one-way clutch (7) to drive the nut (25), namely, the piston (11) and the brake caliper body (3) continue to move relatively, so that the sealing ring (9) keeps the maximum elastic deformation, the piston (11) overcomes the friction force between the piston and the sealing ring (9) and is matched with the sealing ring (9) with a new contact surface, namely, the displacement of the piston (11) relative to the brake caliper body (3) is larger than the maximum elastic deformation of the sealing ring (9). When the braking is released, the motor (10) drives the worm and gear mechanism to rotate reversely, the one-way clutch (7) is separated, the elastic potential energy of the sealing ring (9) is released, the piston (11) and the brake caliper body (3) are enabled to move relatively, the nut (25) is driven to rotate reversely, at the moment, the sealing ring (9) and the piston (11) are positioned in a matched mode through a new contact surface, the return displacement is still the maximum elastic deformation of the sealing ring (9), and therefore the braking gap is kept the same as that before abrasion, and automatic adjustment of the braking gap is achieved.
When the transmission reverse efficiency of the worm (8) and the worm wheel (6) is zero, the motor (10) can drive the friction plate (12) to press the brake disc (13), and after the parking braking requirement is met, the parking braking under the condition that the motor (10) is powered off is realized by utilizing the self-locking function of the worm wheel mechanism.
Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 3.
The embodiment of fig. 3 differs from the embodiment of fig. 1 mainly as follows:
the transmission mechanism is different, in the figure 1, a worm gear mechanism is adopted for transmission, a worm wheel (6) is a terminal element of the transmission mechanism, and a one-way clutch (7) is arranged between the worm wheel (6) and a nut (25); in fig. 3, a two-stage gear transmission is adopted, a secondary driven gear (21) is a terminal element of the transmission mechanism, and a one-way clutch (7) is arranged between the secondary driven gear (21) and a nut (25).
The friction limiting device is different, in the figure 1, a sealing ring (9) is adopted to realize the friction limiting function, and elastic potential energy is stored by utilizing the elastic deformation of the sealing ring (9); in the figure 3, a spring (17) and a clamping ring (18) are adopted to realize a friction limiting function, and elastic potential energy is stored by utilizing elastic deformation generated by the spring (17).
In the figure 1, the parking braking under the condition that the motor (10) is powered off can be directly realized by utilizing zero reverse efficiency of the worm gear mechanism; in fig. 3, the motor shaft (14) is released when the electromagnetic brake (15) is electrified, the motor shaft (14) is locked when the power is cut off to realize the parking braking mode under the condition that the motor (10) is cut off, the parking braking mode of the electric control mechanical braking device is also shown, when the electromagnetic coil (22) is electrified, the locking pin (23) is acted by electromagnetic force, the return spring (24) is compressed, the locking pin (23) is not contacted with the secondary driven gear (21), and no influence is caused on the braking or release of the brake; when parking braking is needed, the motor (10) drives the friction plate (12) to press the brake disc (13) to meet the parking braking requirement, then the electromagnetic coil (22) is powered off, the locking pin (23) is inserted into the tooth of the secondary driven gear (21) under the elastic force of the return spring (24), the parking braking effect is kept, and the parking braking function under the condition that the motor (10) is powered off can be achieved.
As shown in fig. 3, a brake disc (13) is arranged in a jaw of a brake caliper body (3), friction plates (12) are arranged on two sides of the brake disc (13), one brake disc is arranged on the brake caliper body (3), the other brake disc is arranged on a piston (11), the piston (11) is arranged on the brake caliper body (3) through a clamping ring (18), the clamping ring (18) is pushed to one side far away from the brake disc (13) by a spring (17), and the spring (17) is arranged on the brake caliper body (3). The contact surface of the clamping ring (18) and the piston (11) has larger friction force, and when the displacement of the piston (11) is within the elastic deformation range of the spring (17), the contact surface of the clamping ring (18) and the piston (11) does not move relatively. The other side of the piston (11) is provided with a hole, a nut (25) is arranged in the hole, and a plane thrust bearing (4) and a radial bearing (26) are arranged between the nut (25) and the hole of the piston (11) so as to reduce friction loss. The nut (25) is matched with the screw rod (5), and the screw rod (5) is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body (3). The outer surface of the nut (25) is connected with a secondary driven gear (21) through a one-way clutch (7), the secondary driven gear (21), a secondary driving gear (20), a primary driven gear (19) and a primary driving gear (16) form a two-stage gear reduction mechanism, and the primary driving gear (16) is fixedly arranged on a motor shaft (14).
When the brake works, the motor (10) drives the one-way clutch (7) to combine through the two-stage gear reduction mechanism, drives the nut (25) to rotate, pushes the piston (11) and the brake caliper body (3) to move in opposite directions, and drives the corresponding friction plates (12) to press the brake disc (13) from two sides with the same force, so that an efficient and reliable braking effect is realized. At this time, the snap ring (18) moves together with the piston (11), compressing the spring (17), the spring (17) elastically deforms, storing elastic potential energy, and there is no relative movement between the contact surfaces of the snap ring (18) and the piston (11). When the braking work is released, the motor (10) drives the two-stage gear reduction mechanism to reversely rotate, at the moment, the one-way clutch (7) is separated, the nut (25) is in a free state, elastic potential energy stored by the spring (17) is released, so that the piston (11) and the brake caliper body (3) relatively move, the nut (25) is driven to reversely rotate under the action of the elastic potential energy in the spring (17), and all elements are restored to the initial positions.
When the friction plate (12) is worn and the thickness is thinned, the motor (10) drives the one-way clutch (7) to be combined through the two-stage gear reduction mechanism during braking, the driving nut (25) rotates to push the piston (11) and the brake caliper body (3) to move relatively, the elastic deformation of the spring (17) reaches the maximum, and when the clamping ring (18) is abutted against the left step surface, the friction plate (12) is worn and the braking effect is poor, at the moment, the motor (10) drives the nut (25) to rotate continuously through the combined one-way clutch (7), namely, the piston (11) and the brake caliper body (3) move relatively continuously, so that the spring (17) keeps the maximum elastic deformation, and the piston (11) overcomes the friction force between the clamping ring (18) and is matched with the clamping ring (18) through a new contact surface. When the braking is released, the motor (10) drives the two-stage gear reduction mechanism to rotate reversely, the one-way clutch (7) is separated, the elastic potential energy of the spring (17) is released, the piston (11) and the brake caliper body (3) move relatively to drive the nut (25) to rotate, at the moment, the clamping ring (18) and the piston (11) are positioned in a matched mode through a new contact surface, and the return displacement is still the maximum elastic deformation of the spring (17), so that the braking gap is kept the same as that before abrasion, and the automatic adjustment of the braking gap is realized.
When parking braking is needed, the motor (10) drives the friction plate (12) to press the brake disc (13) to meet the parking braking requirement, then the electromagnetic brake (15) is powered off, the motor shaft (14) is locked, the braking efficiency is kept unchanged, and the parking braking function under the condition that the motor (10) is powered off can be achieved. When the electromagnetic brake (15) is electrified, the motor shaft (14) is released, and the braking torque can be freely controlled by the motor (10). Or an electric control mechanical braking device is adopted, when the electric control mechanical braking device is electrified, the electromagnetic coil (22) enables the locking pin (23) to return, and when the electric control mechanical braking device is powered off, the locking pin (23) is inserted into teeth of the secondary driven gear (21), so that the parking braking function of the motor (10) under the condition of power failure is realized.
In this embodiment, the electrically controlled mechanical brake device can also act directly on the primary driven gear (19), or on the secondary driving gear (20), or on a specially arranged locking wheel, and a similar parking brake effect can be obtained.
In the embodiment of fig. 3, the one-way clutch (7) may also be provided in the primary driven gear (19), or in the primary driving gear (16), or in the secondary driving gear (20); in the embodiment of fig. 1 and 2, the one-way clutch (7) may also be provided in the worm (8), which is what is required to be protected by claim 3.
Besides a fixed shaft gear mechanism and a worm and gear mechanism, other transmission modes such as chain transmission, belt transmission, lever transmission, inhaul cable transmission, planetary gear transmission and the like can be adopted for the transmission mechanism, a seal ring, a spring/clamping ring can be adopted for the friction limiting device, other structures can be adopted for realizing similar functions, and a locking mechanism can also act a locking pin on other gears or a special locking ratchet wheel integrated with the gears, or a ratchet pawl mechanism is arranged on a motor shaft to realize the locking function. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by persons skilled in the art without inventive labor based on the embodiments in the present invention are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
While the invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is also within the scope of the invention, as long as various modifications of the method concept and technical solution of the invention are adopted, or the invention is directly applied to other occasions without modifications.
Claims (3)
1. An electromechanical linear actuator comprises a motor, a transmission mechanism, a one-way clutch, a screw, a nut, a piston, a friction limiting device, a brake caliper body, a brake disc and a friction plate; the friction plates are two, are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the brake disc, are arranged on the piston, and are arranged on the brake caliper body; the piston is arranged on the brake caliper body through the friction limiting device; one part of the friction limiting device is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body, the other part of the friction limiting device and the piston have larger friction force, and when the piston and the brake caliper body have relative displacement, elastic potential energy is generated in the friction limiting device due to the friction force; the motor is connected with an input element of the transmission mechanism; the terminal element of the transmission mechanism is connected with the one-way clutch, the one-way clutch is connected with the nut, the nut is arranged on the piston and can rotate around the axis direction of the piston, and the movement along the axis direction of the piston is limited by the piston; the screw is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body and corresponds to the position of the nut; the screw rod is matched with the nut; when the one-way clutch is combined, the nut is driven to rotate, and the brake caliper body and the piston are driven to move in opposite directions through the threaded transmission mechanism, so that the friction plate is driven to press the brake disc from two sides; the screw rod is provided with a nut, and a circulating ball structure is adopted between the nut and the screw rod so as to reduce friction resistance and improve the working efficiency of the system; further comprising adding a drive train between said one-way clutch and said nut;
during braking, the motor drives the one-way clutch to move through the transmission mechanism, at the moment, the one-way clutch is combined to drive the nut to rotate, and because the screw is fixedly arranged on the brake caliper body and cannot rotate, the nut rotates to drive the piston and the brake caliper body to move in opposite directions respectively, so that the friction plates are pressed on two sides of the brake disc to obtain efficient and reliable braking effect, and at the moment, relative displacement exists between the piston and the brake caliper body, and elastic potential energy is generated in the friction limiting device; when the brake is released, the motor drives the one-way clutch to reversely move through the transmission mechanism, the one-way clutch is separated at the moment, the elastic potential energy in the friction limiting device acts to enable the piston and the brake caliper to relatively move, and the initial position is restored, and the nut rotates to adapt to the relative movement of the piston and the brake caliper body at the moment;
when the friction plate is worn and the thickness is thinned, the motor drives the one-way clutch to be combined through the transmission mechanism to drive the nut to rotate, so that the piston and the brake caliper relatively move, the elastic potential energy in the friction limiting device reaches the maximum, and the friction plate is thinned, so that the braking effect is poor, at the moment, the motor continues to work, the nut is driven to continue to rotate, the friction force between the piston and the friction limiting device is overcome, the piston and the brake caliper body continue to relatively move, and the brake disc is compressed, so that a reliable and efficient braking effect is obtained; when the braking is released, the elastic potential energy in the friction limiting device acts to enable the piston and the brake caliper to relatively move, and at the moment, the piston and the friction limiting device are relatively fixed at a new contact position, so that automatic adjustment of a braking gap is realized.
2. An electromechanical brake apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a roller mechanism for reducing frictional resistance at the location where said piston is coupled to said nut.
3. The electromechanical brake-by-wire device according to claim 1, wherein when no transmission link with zero reverse efficiency exists in the transmission mechanism or the transmission system, a locking mechanism is adopted to realize parking braking under the condition that the motor is powered off, and the locking mechanism adopts an electromagnetic brake or an electric control mechanical brake device, so that transmission elements in the transmission link can be fixed when the motor is powered off and powered on, the magnitude of pressure between the friction plate and the brake disc is kept, and a parking braking function is realized; when the transmission mechanism or the transmission system is provided with a transmission link with zero reverse efficiency, the locking mechanism is utilized to realize the parking braking, or the reverse efficiency is zero, the power and the motion cannot be reversely transmitted, and the parking braking under the condition of power failure of the motor is realized.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710906449.8A CN107588126B (en) | 2017-09-26 | 2017-09-26 | Electronic mechanical wire control actuator |
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| CN201710906449.8A CN107588126B (en) | 2017-09-26 | 2017-09-26 | Electronic mechanical wire control actuator |
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| CN107588126A CN107588126A (en) | 2018-01-16 |
| CN107588126B true CN107588126B (en) | 2023-05-16 |
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| CN109114135B (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2024-05-03 | 山东交通学院 | Electromagnetic type drive-by-wire electronic brake |
| CN110486392B (en) * | 2019-07-27 | 2021-02-02 | 浙江师范大学 | Self-energizing wire control actuator |
| CN115773322A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-03-10 | 芜湖伯特利汽车安全系统股份有限公司 | Electronic mechanical brake caliper and brake system |
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| CN107588126A (en) | 2018-01-16 |
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