CN102996684B

CN102996684B - High-reinforcement disk brake

Info

Publication number: CN102996684B
Application number: CN201110291009.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈坤
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-09-13
Filing date: 2011-09-13
Publication date: 2017-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-13
Also published as: CN102996684A

Abstract

The invention discloses a disk brake. The disk brake comprises a brake disk, a machine body, brake shoes and a sliding pin part. The brake shoes at the two ends of the brake disk are installed on an inclined plate and a control inclined plate. a main work hook face on the inclined plate is connected with a main work hook face on a gripping jaw of the machine body in an abutted mode. a main work hook face on the control inclined plate is connected with a main work hook face on the machine body in an abutted mode. the control inclined plate is further connected with other abutted-connection parts in an abutted mode or connected with other abutted-connection parts. the main work hook faces on the inclined plate, the control inclined plate and the abutted-connection parts are formed by mixing inclined faces or circular-arc-shaped faces or hyper faces or parabola faces or the above hook faces. The work angle of the main work hook face on the control inclined plate is larger than that of the main work hook face on the inclined plate. the effect of large reinforcement of a small-angle inclined face is achieved, the advantages of easy separation of a large angle and small dragging resistance after brake relief are also achieved, thus control force is reduced, and brake force is increased.

Description

High energising disc brakes

Art:

This brake is related to the disk brake of traffic, Transport Machinery, such as the field such as automobile, motorcycle, train, elevator.

Background technology:

Disclose a kind of brake in the self-energizing effort disk brake of Patent No. 200910140564.4, solve disk Formula brake is unable to the problem of self energizing effort, improves the range of disk brake, but also also have self energizing effort than big when Wait and separate thoroughly, have very big drag in some instances it may even be possible to also will block.So separate thorough when can self energizing effort ratio And less.?《Braking technology handbook》(moral) B. cloth is strangled Ilyushin K. Bill and is write China Machine Press 2011.06 publication ISBN Disclose two kinds in page 359 page 363 of 978-7-111-34916-7 testing and up-and-coming automatically controlled disc type brake Device, take is also the method for single-sided oblique reinforcement (voussoir reinforcement), with motor through gear in central controller (electricity Brain) control under be braked, because the force increasing ratio of this disk brake is very big, brake is possible to block (detent forces Excessive), the power of the motor of use is too big, and the power supply on automobile is substantially all and can not meet needs, high cost simultaneously, institute To affect its popularization.

Now all using disk brake on car, the safety of car is greatly improved.But disk brake has braking Power little (efficiency factor is low), needs power assist (gasoline car is vacuum booster) just can check car, and arranges parking braking Difficult with emergency brake.There is high cost, brake force very little after engine misses, particularly automobile are surprisingly put out in high speed driving After fire, incessantly car of substantially stopping, safety such as can not be guaranteed completely at the shortcoming of aspect.In order to ensure whenever have enough Big brake force, the comparison that the idling of electromotor is to be adjusted is high, because vacuum booster needs larger vacuum to carry out power-assisted, so Waiting traffic lights, traffic congestion when will multiplex more fuel oil, this does not all have benefit to economy and environment.In addition it is used in diesel oil In car, dual energy sources car, electric motor car, due to needing separately to join vacuum pump, cost can be substantially increased.Existing frequently-used disk brake sets The cost putting parking braking is also higher.

The present invention seek to solve ordinary disc-type brake device efficiency factor low it is necessary to use power booster, arrange Parking braking high cost, safety is not high enough, high cost, and the idling of electromotor is higher, the economy brought, environmental protection, peace Full problem and the disk brake scheme of a kind of high reinforcement that provides.Also solve original self-energizing effort disk brake in reinforcement Than high when, separate thorough, have the shortcomings that very big drag in some instances it may even be possible to also will block；Solve now big from increasing ratio When bad control problem；The deformation that the body (caliper) of brake can also be produced in braking compensates, thus subtracting Little operational stroke, so can increase the force increasing ratio of brake again.The disk brake of the present invention is in brake force and conventional disc In the case of formula brake identical, when operational stroke is also identical, the operating physical force of brake can than traditional little several to tens times. So brake just very easily can carry out electric control using electric servo (as motor) etc..And present disc type system The power that dynamic device carries out the motor of electric control is very big, thus volume is big, the electric energy that consumes is also big, affects using and pushing away of it Extensively.And the disk brake of the present invention can directly carry out automatically controlled, by central processing unit (computer) directly carry out ABS, ASR, ESP, EBV, ECD, HDC etc. control.Such that it is able to save the mechanism of many hydraulic pressure, machinery, reduce cost, improve reliability, subtract Few hysteresis improve safety.

Technical scheme is：

Brake(-holder) block (being again shoe brake) used by the present invention, brake disc, sliding pin, fixed support and existing frequently-used disc type system As dynamic device.It is by body (being caliper), piston (can also be other parts), compensation mechanism, swash plate, supporting again The parts such as plate, part composition.Body is mainly made up of caliper, the pincers part such as bridge and chela.The both sides of brake disc are equipped with brake-shoe Piece and swash plate.Brake(-holder) block is positioned on swash plate.Inclined-plane on the inclined-plane on the swash plate on body chela one side or curved surface and chela Or curved surface is abutted against, or it is attached through other parts.Another brake(-holder) block is positioned on another swash plate of the another side of brake disc On, it is called control swash plate.The piston (or other part) being contained in body is abutted against with controlling swash plate, or through other parts It is abutted against with controlling swash plate, control the inclined-plane on swash plate or the inclined-plane on curved surface and body or support plate or curved surface to be abutted against. Above-mentioned this curved surface, inclined-plane be main working curved surface or groundwork inclined-plane.Control swash plate be also connected with other parts or Person is abutted against.The another side of support plate is abutted against with the automatic compensation screw rod of compensation mechanism, or is abutted against through rolling element.Support plate Two ends can slide on sliding pin.Sliding pin is fixedly connected with fixed support, and fixed support is fixed on the support of supporting wheel, They are not with vehicle wheel rotation.Compensation mechanism can be not provided with when the braking-force ratio needing is less.And the system needing When power is big or very big, in brake, compensation mechanism can be set.Automatically compensate screw rod to be driven by other parts Dynamic, the shift fork on lever in shown in accompanying drawing 6,7 is driven.

The inclined-plane being abutted against in above-mentioned part, they can for single ramp, can for several inclined-planes, can also for curved surface or The several curved surface of person, or inclined-plane and surface blending composition.Rolling element can be filled, preferably between the inclined-plane that above-mentioned part is abutted against Needle roller or roller, steel ball.Rolling element, the preferably rolling such as steel ball can also be filled in support plate and automatic compensation between screw rod is abutted against Kinetoplast.Equipped with return spring between support plate and piston.Other return spring is also equipped with support plate.On controlling swash plate also Parking braking steel wire rope can be coupled, form parking brake.The connecting mode of other parts such as body, sliding pin is substantially with now The same in conventional disk brake.

Ordinary circumstance lower surface camber, inclined-plane main operating angle big when reinforcement smaller, and separate easily, dragging after separating Comparison of resistance is little.And curved surface, inclined-plane main operating angle hour reinforcement is larger, the drag after separating is very big.Typically in body The operating angle of the swash plate on chela one side than control swash plate little, particularly angle difference than larger when (as difference 20 degree when), It creates unexpected effect, the big effect of the existing low-angle inclined plane force increasing of this disk brake, has wide-angle good again Separate and release the little advantage of drag after braking.Advantage when it works two kinds of angles concentrates in together, without two Plant angle shortcoming operationally.

Swash plate is also equipped with return spring, makes its returning quickly after releasing braking, make brake(-holder) block and brake disc immediately Between produce rational gap, and do not produce noise in normal enforcement.

Beneficial effect：

It solves both at home and abroad using using inclined plane force increasing (voussoir reinforcement), when reinforcement is big, controls power very bad greatly The difficult problem controlling, and structure is very simple.The operating angle of the swash plate on body chela one side ratio controls the little of swash plate, especially Angle difference than larger when, it creates unexpected effect, and the existing low-angle inclined plane force increasing of this disk brake is big Effect, have the advantages that again wide-angle well separate and release braking after drag little.Advantage when it works two kinds of angles Concentrate in together, without two kinds of angles shortcoming operationally.

High force amplifying brake is a kind of disk brake, has the excellent in performance of existing frequently-used disk brake, does not have heat to decline Move back, the shortcoming of water fade.Because it has high self energizing effort ability, but also with the advantage of drum brake, reinforcement effect can compare The self energizing effort effect of drum brake is much larger.It is commonly used Disk Brake power little (efficiency factor is low), needs to move Power booster (for automobile) and the shortcoming arranging parking braking difficulty above, thus causing safety to be not high enough to, become This height.Because it does not need using power auxiliary system (for car), and setting parking does not increase into substantially on it This, can save very big cost, after particularly diesel vehicle, new forms of energy car automobile (as electronic, dual-fuel automobile etc.) use it More than 70% cost can be saved than Conventional braking systems.Because it does not use power auxiliary system on car, electromotor is not Enough vacuum must be provided to power assist system, the idling speed of electromotor only maintains its energy normal rotation, thus Idling speed can decline a lot, particularly can save a lot of fuel oils when blocking up, waiting traffic lights, and saves a lot of money, so both Energy-conservation reduces pollution again.Because it does not use power auxiliary system, decrease the probability breaking down, thus its safety is again big Width rises.Particularly it has very high self energizing effort, very good control, makees automatically controlled disk braking system with it and is very easy to. A lot of hydraulic pressure, machinery, electronic control mechanism so can be saved, it is directly controlled by the central controller (computer) of automobile System.Thus bring that structure is simple, cost bottom, braking response fast.This point exactly want now to solve and nothing very much by motor-dom The difficult problem that method solves.The deformation that it can also produce in braking to the body (caliper) of brake compensates, thus Reduce very big operational stroke, so can increase force increasing ratio again.Thus reducing controling power, increase brake force.Due to its energy Produce very big normal pressure, it is very low that its requirement to shoe brake can be dropped, particularly its friction factor (friction system Number) 0.05 can be dropped to from 0.3, so that its range of choice is expanded great many times, the very good material selecting shoe brake.So it It is a kind of advantage integrating conventional disk brake and drum brake, and in performance, safety, cost, energy-conservation, ring The all preferably brakes of new generation of guarantor's aspect.

Brief description：

The section that attached Figure 11 plants the high energising disc brakes of floating caliper formula for car, electrocar is illustrated Figure, the operating angle due to controlling swash plate 5 is very big, and it compensates without other mechanisms, thus structure is extremely simple, cost very Low, brake force also fully meets requirement.The direction (identical below) that the rotation direction of in figure brake disc indicates for V.

The K direction view of accompanying drawing 2 accompanying drawing 1.

Attached Figure 31 kind can carry out the sectional view of the high energising disc brakes of part compensation.Piston 7 is being made When dynamic, it also passes through rolling element 8 and promotes compensation skewback 18 to move up, thus compensating.Because piston 7 is through overcompensation skewback 18 reinforcements acting on control swash plate 5 should be compared to for controlling the big of swash plate 5, so it can not be fully compensated shoe brake 2 Wear extent, it can only make part compensate.But each impulse stroke of its piston 7 is little under the conditions of other situation identicals A bit.The diameter of piston 7 can increase in design, or the operating angle between piston 7 and control swash plate 5 can reduce, it Reinforcement can to make a farfetched comparison the brake shown in Fig. 1 big.

Attached Figure 41 plants the generalized section of the high energising disc brakes of floating caliper formula.Its control swash plate 5 with The main work surface that support plate 13 is abutted against is curved surface composition.It is driven by hydraulic piston, is provided with parking braking above it.Compensate spiral shell Rasp bar provides power drive automatically to be compensated by torsion spring, by drag ring, compensation dosage is limited, the swash plate stroke in chela face Limited.In the case of primary condition identical, its force increasing ratio accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 3 are much bigger.

The rolling element 8 installed on piston 7 in accompanying drawing 5 accompanying drawing 4 and the inclined-plane controlling on swash plate 5 are abutted against the amplification at place Figure, it forms inclined working by two sections of inclined-planes, can quickly eliminate between shoe brake 2 and brake disc 1 when braking starts Have a rest, reduce the impulse stroke of piston 7, increase force increasing ratio.

Attached Figure 61 plants by air cylinder driven, through rocking arm reinforcement, the higher self-energizing effort disk braking through inclined plane force increasing Device section total figure.Its automatic compensation after brake shoe plate abrasion be by rocking arm drive limit turn round non-step square torsion spring type surmount from Clutch, then drive screw is carried out again, and this compensation way is very universal in air disc brake, and existing procucts go out Sell.In order to solve, friction pairs of brake is high temperature resistant, anti abrasive problem, inclined-plane and may have high temperature rubbing surface employ inlays hard The scheme of matter alloy, in figure blockage is.This brake can be made using the material that coefficient of friction is 0.05---0.1 Shoe brake.This brake I test.

The K direction view of accompanying drawing 7 accompanying drawing 6.

Attached Figure 81 plants structure very simple, the cost high energising disc brakes of very low motorcycle.It directly by Steel wire rope 12 drags control swash plate 5 control brake to be braked.

The K of accompanying drawing 9 accompanying drawing 8 is to sectional view.It directly drags control swash plate 5 control brake system by steel wire rope 12 Dynamic.By return spring 9 return.

Disc brake for motorcycle shown in accompanying drawing 10 accompanying drawing 8 is arranged on the schematic diagram of motorcycle front-wheel.

Attached Figure 111 plants motor 17 and directly drags, with screw rod, the automatically controlled disk brake that support plate 13 is braked.

Attached Figure 121 plants the high self-energizing effort disk brake product total figure of motorcycle.It uses attached with accompanying drawing 6 The essentially identical compensation mechanism of Fig. 7, its freewheel clutch is that limit turns round non-step square torsion spring type freewheel clutch.It Swash plate 5 is controlled to be to be driven by camshaft.Its brake force makes a farfetched comparison the much larger of Fig. 8 in the case of basic condition identical.

The K of accompanying drawing 13 accompanying drawing 12 is to sectional view.

Motor overall height self-energizing effort disk brake shown in accompanying drawing 14 accompanying drawing 12,13 is arranged on the signal of motorcycle front-wheel Figure.

Attached Figure 151 plants the high self-energizing effort disk system carrying out automatically controlled car and electrocar with motor lead-screw The schematic diagram of dynamic device.The power of this motor and the present people of volume ratio are currently in use and the automatically controlled disk brake tested Motor is little several more than ten times, its very good control.In figure 17 is motor.

Attached Figure 161 plants and replaces cylinder with motor, carries out automatically controlled lorry disk brake schematic diagram.Other feelings Condition is essentially identical with accompanying drawing 6 accompanying drawing 7.

The K direction view of accompanying drawing 17 accompanying drawing 16.

My only monolateral simulated experiment platform having swash plate of being tested of accompanying drawing 18, it can carry out simple dynamic analog Intend, helpful to designing.

My both sides tested of accompanying drawing 19 have the simulated experiment platform of swash plate although it is simple but very handy, It discloses many excellent in performance of the present invention.They all clamp laboratory table with vice, (scheme controlling swash plate 5 rope Middle heavy black) and spring balance firmly pull-up (as 4Kg), and fixing.Another side draws an other spring balance it is possible to carry out reality Test, obtain brake force.Release the experiment of drag after braking, can be first controlling swash plate 5 to exert oneself to hold (as 5Kg), then Decontrol, after relieving, draw an other spring balance to obtain the size of drag, and the size of the resistance of start suddenly when releasing again.

Representative part is numbered in accompanying drawing：Chela 5 on 1 brake disc, 2 shoe brake, 3 swash plate 4 body Control 13, swash plate 6 body, 7 piston, 8 rolling element, 9 return spring, 10 fixed support, 11 sliding pin, 12 steel wire rope Board 14 automatically compensates screw rod 15 torsion spring, 16 drag ring, 17 motor 18 and compensates swash plate 19 return cushion rubber

Specific embodiments：

Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind and is used for car, the generalized section of the high energising disc brakes of floating caliper formula of electrocar, Operating angle due to controlling swash plate is very big, and it compensates without other mechanisms, thus structure is extremely simple, cost is very low, Brake force also fully meets requirement.

To introduce its structure and operation principle now according to accompanying drawing 1.Its brake disc 1 is complete with existing frequently-used brake disc Entirely the same.Shoe brake 2 and conventional essentially the same (being brake(-holder) block) again.Two shoe brakes 2 are installed in the both sides of brake disc 1, Brake disc 1 is fixed on wheel and rotates with it.Body is mainly made up of caliper, the pincers part such as bridge and chela 4.Body 6 Slide on sliding pin 11, sliding pin 11 is fixed over the mount 10 and is fixed on the support of supporting wheel.One piece of shoe brake 2 is positioned on On the swash plate 3 on chela 4 one side of body 6.Two groundwork inclined-planes on swash plate 3 are abutted against with two rolling elements 8 above chela 4. Another shoe brake 2 is positioned on another control swash plate 5.Control two groundwork inclined-planes on swash plate 5 and two inclined-planes on body 6 It is abutted against.The another one inclined working on swash plate 5 is controlled to be abutted against with piston 7 through rolling element 8.

Operation principle, when car is exercised forward, the rotation direction of brake disc 1 is rotation (direction of V) from bottom to top.Work as car When needing braking, operator depresses brake pedal, it promote master cylinder pressure oil through pipeline input body 6 and piston 7 it Between.Piston 7 is moved to the left under the promotion of fluid.Rolling element 8 on piston 7 controls through controlling the slope driving on swash plate 5 Swash plate 5 moves up, and in the presence of groundwork inclined-plane and its groundwork inclined-plane on body, it is when moving up It is moved to the left.After right braking hoof piece 2 contact brake disc 1, control the active force that swash plate 5 acts on body 6 also will push away Motivation body 6 moves right, and so pulls chela 4, rolling element 8 to the left again, finally skews plate 3, shoe brake 2 to brake disc 1 again Mobile.After eliminating the interval of shoe brake 2 and brake disc 1, they come into contact with and are braked.Due to the system at this moment producing Shoe brake 2 retroaction through the right and left for the power is on controlling swash plate 5 and swash plate 3, and acts on control swash plate 5 with piston 7 Wedging direction consistent, such brake force makes control swash plate 5 and swash plate 3 increased new wedging power again, makes the wedging power that it is total Increase, because the increase of its wedging power makes brake force increase again again, brake force increases again makes wedging power increase again, so all and The circulation renewing, it has just reached the effect of self energizing effort.

Generally the groundwork angle of the swash plate 3 on chela 4 one side is more much smaller than another side.Thus this one side Self energizing effort ratio can be bigger than another side.Here have a problem should be noted that be exactly each curved surface groundwork angle design should Suitable it is impossible to raising self energizing effort ability simply, be likely to result in stuck and excessive the asking of brake-pedal travel after wedging power is excessive Topic.If controlling swash plate 5 simply to have on the right, and the left side not having swash plate 3, at this moment its operating angle can not be too little, if too Little may be stuck, this angle is relevant with the coefficient of friction (factor) of part, and coefficient of friction low-angle is little, and coefficient of friction is big Angle is big.This is that I demonstrates in test.

But after the left and right of brake disc 1 all arranges installation swash plate, particularly control the operating angle of swash plate 5 than swash plate 3 Much larger after, miracle occurs in that, the existing big operating angle of this device separate well and separate after the smaller spy of drag Point, has the advantages that little operating angle reinforcement is big, it has concentrated the advantage of both angles again, lacking without both angles Point.After the left side of brake disc 1 is also equipped with swash plate 3, also bring another one benefit.In braking, particularly brake big When, have than larger deformation between the end face that the chela 4 on body 6 and body fill piston 7.And swash plate 3 moves up, it Also to move right when moving up and drive shoe brake 2 to move right, the change that it just can produce in braking to body 6 Shape compensates, due to can compensate to the deformation of body 6.The impulse stroke of piston 7 thus can be reduced, typically subtract Little more than 10%, more than 50% can be reduced when high.The diameter of so piston 7 just can increase, or piston 7 and control Force increasing ratio between swash plate 5 processed can increase much again.In the case of not increasing operational stroke and increasing operating pressure, it It is very big that force increasing ratio can be done.So that total force increasing ratio increases a lot, can easily increase than conventional disk brake Plus several to more than ten times, even more high.

It is to be acted on by piston 7 to control the size of the power on swash plate 5 to determine that its brake force size controls, and acts on Control the power on swash plate 5 big, greatly, the power acting on control swash plate 5 is little, and brake force is little for brake force.Act on control swash plate 5 Power be 0, brake release braking.And the legpower that the strength size of piston 7 is people determines.Two sliding pins 11 are provided with back Position cushion rubber 19 it is therefore an objective to release braking when good return, reduce drag.

High self energizing effort brake can arrange compensation mechanism, and its compensation mechanism can have multiple.Work as needs Braking-force ratio less when can be not provided with compensation mechanism.And the brake force that needs big or very big when brake in permissible Setting compensation mechanism.Automatically compensate screw rod to be driven by other parts, on the lever in shown in accompanying drawing 6,7 Shift fork is driven.

In addition it could also use that conventional automatic compensation structure on present lorry disk brake, it also has compensation spiral shell Bar, its power is derived from rocking arm, and rocking arm drives limit to turn round non-step square torsion spring type freewheel clutch, and then drive screw is carried out again , this compensation way is very universal in air disc brake, and existing procucts are sold.There is introduction in accompanying drawing 4.

If directly being promoted with screw rod with motor and controlling swash plate 5, or push directly on support plate 13, due to motor, It is very big that the impulse stroke of screw rod can be done, and the present invention can not use other compensation mechanisms.As accompanying drawing 11.Relevant compensation The principle of mechanism may be referred to I another one patent specification it is also possible to reference to lorry air disc brake compensation Structural principle.

In addition on conventional disk brake, setting parking brake is relatively difficult, and cost increases a lot.And I Brake on separately to set parking brake relatively easy, substantially do not increase cost, the Dominant Facies of this point are when substantially.It works former Reason is such, directly draws a parking brake steel wire rope on controlling swash plate 5, and when pulling parking brake, parking brake pulls steel wire rope 12, then Pull and control swash plate 5 to move up, brake disc 1 clamped by two shoe brakes 2 under controlling the wedge action of swash plate 5 and support plate 13 Thus carrying out parking and emergency brake.

Eliminate gap for quick, for adapting to the needs of braking.Several inclined-planes can be curved surface, such as arc surface, hyperbola face, Parabolic surface etc..Each curved surface can also be made up of several inclined-planes or several curved surface, or is made up of their mixing.

For improving the efficiency of brake, it is made to increase brake force and facilitate return, in its groundwork curved surface or tiltedly Rolling element, preferably needle roller or roller can be filled between face.Rolling can also be filled in support plate 13 and automatic compensation between screw rod 14 Kinetoplast, such as steel ball etc..

The present invention can be used for what the needs such as the traffic such as car, lorry, motorcycle, bicycle, elevator, transport were braked Mechanically.It can make the very good control of brake, and brake force is very big.

Claims

1. a kind of disk brake, it includes brake disc, body, shoe brake, sliding pin part, it is characterized by:Brake disc both sides Shoe brake be separately mounted to swash plate and control swash plate on；Main on groundwork curved surface on swash plate and the chela of body Working curved surface is abutted against；Control swash plate on groundwork curved surface be abutted against with the groundwork curved surface on body, control swash plate also with Other is abutted against part and is abutted against or connects；Swash plate, the groundwork curved surface controlling swash plate and being abutted against on part are inclined-plane, circular arc Face, hyperbola face or parabola face or above-mentioned surface blending composition, control the groundwork curved surface operating angle on swash plate than tiltedly Groundwork curved surface operating angle on plate is big.

2. brake according to claim 1, it is characterized by:Described swash plate, control swash plate and be abutted against the master on part Want the working curved surface place of being abutted against dress rolling element.

3. brake according to claim 1, it is characterized by:Support plate is set controlling, supporting between swash plate and body Plate is abutted against with the part of collocation structure.

4. the brake according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterized by:Control between swash plate and body setting support plate and Compensate swash plate；Support plate is abutted against with compensating swash plate；The another side compensating swash plate is also abutted against with body, and they are leaned on through rolling element Connect.