CN110462007A - 具有改善摩擦性能的填料的基于ptfe聚合物的滑动材料 - Google Patents

具有改善摩擦性能的填料的基于ptfe聚合物的滑动材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110462007A
CN110462007A CN201880022664.4A CN201880022664A CN110462007A CN 110462007 A CN110462007 A CN 110462007A CN 201880022664 A CN201880022664 A CN 201880022664A CN 110462007 A CN110462007 A CN 110462007A
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Prior art keywords
volume
sliding
sliding material
filler
ratio
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Inventor
马里奥·威特
罗尔夫·赖尼克
丽塔·泰帕卢斯
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Ks Sliding Bearing Co Ltd
KS Gleitlager GmbH
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Ks Sliding Bearing Co Ltd
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Publication of CN110462007A publication Critical patent/CN110462007A/zh
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于PTFE聚合物的滑动材料，其具有改善摩擦性能的填料，其中，所述填料包含至少一种磷酸盐，特别是磷酸钙、焦磷酸钙、磷酸镁、焦磷酸镁、磷酸锂、羟基磷灰石或它们的组合，和至少一种金属硫化物，其中，金属硫化物的比例＞2％。本发明还涉及所述滑动材料的用途。

Description

具有改善摩擦性能的填料的基于PTFE聚合物的滑动材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有改善摩擦性能的填料的基于PTFE聚合物的滑动材料。
背景技术
在现有技术中，已知多种滑动材料，其例如是基于PTFE的并且使用多种填料。
例如，DE 10 2011 077 008 A1描述了一种基于PTFE的滑动轴承复合材料，其中，包含热塑性塑料和/或热固性材料以及其他摩擦活性物质的填料以复合形式一起存在于滑动层材料的聚合物基体中。
此外，EP 2 563 590 B1描述了一种基于氟聚合物的滑动轴承材料，例如基于PTFE的滑动轴承材料，其中，向该氟聚合物中添加了5-25体积％的氮化硼和1-15体积％的混合相氧化物颜料，以用于提高耐磨性。
EP 2 316 707 A1和EP 1 647 574 A1描述了一种基于PTFE的滑动轴承材料，该材料具有硫酸钡、磷酸盐和0.1至2％的金属硫化物。
最后，WO 2016/170742 A1公开了基于PTFE和10-40％的磷酸盐的材料。
尽管现有技术中描述了多种滑动材料，但仍需要一种耐磨且适用于干运转和润滑的旋转和轴向应用的滑动材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，改进基于PTFE聚合物的滑动材料在各种应用中的摩擦特性，特别是同时改善耐磨性。
该问题通过具有权利要求1所述特征的基于PTFE聚合物的滑动材料得以解决。在权利要求2至12中描述了有利的扩展方案。
此外，本发明涉及根据权利要求13的基于PTFE的滑动轴承复合材料和根据权利要求14的滑动轴承元件。
令人惊奇地发现，通过加入至少一种磷酸盐以及至少大于2体积％的金属硫化物作为用于PTFE聚合物基体的填料，显著地改善了滑动材料的耐磨性，用作磷酸盐的特别是磷酸钙、焦磷酸钙、磷酸镁、焦磷酸镁、磷酸锂、羟基磷灰石或它们的组合。这无需添加其他填料即可实现。特别优选使用磷酸钙。作为磷酸钙，例如，可以使用磷酸五钙、羟基正磷酸五钙(羟基磷灰石)、双(正磷酸盐)三钙(tricalcium bis(orthophosphate))、焦磷酸二钙或正磷酸氢钙。
当磷酸盐的比例总共为滑动材料的1至30体积％、特别是1至25体积％、特别是1至20体积％时，产生特别有利的性能。特别优选10至15体积％的比例。
当磷酸盐的比例总共为滑动材料的1至30体积％、特别是1至25体积％、特别是1至20体积％时，产生特别有利的性能。特别优选10至15体积％的比例。该比例为至少1体积％、优选至少3体积％、优选至少5体积％、更优选至少10体积％、更优选至少12体积％、更优选至少15体积％。更优选该比例为最多30体积％、更优选最多25体积％、进一步优选最多20体积％、最后更优选最多15体积％。
为此目的，滑动材料除磷酸盐之外还包含一种或多种金属硫化物，其比例大于2体积％，优选大于3体积％，更优选大于5体积％，优选大于7体积％，更优选大于9体积％，并且更优选10体积％或大于10体积％。金属硫化物的比例更优选为最多30体积％，优选为最多20体积％，更优选为最多15体积％。
除了所使用的磷酸盐以外，所使用的比例大于2体积％的金属硫化物进一步改善了摩擦性能。作为金属硫化物，优选使用SnS2、MoSs、Bi2S3、WS2、ZnS和/或CuS及它们的组合中的至少一种。
根据本发明的滑动材料优选是无铅的。
本发明的滑动材料特别适合在汽车领域中的发动机外部使用，特别是在共轨泵、减震器、齿轮箱和转向系统中，特别是在旋转和轴向应用中使用。在这样的应用中，期望使用无铅滑动材料。现在，本发明的滑动材料提供了一种具有改善的耐磨性、特别是具有同等甚至改善的摩擦性能的材料。
在根据本发明的滑动材料中，PTFE基体用作聚合物基质的聚合物基体。这并不一定意味着整个聚合物基体都必须由PTFE制成。PTFE聚合物基体的最高30体积％的比例、特别是最高20体积％、优选仅最高10体积％的比例可以由其他聚合物及它们的组合，特别是PVDF、PFA、FEP、ECTFE、ETFE。优选地，整个PTFE聚合物基体由最高100体积％的PTFE组成。
磷酸盐与金属硫化物的体积比优选为6∶1至1∶2，更优选为4∶1至1∶1。
特别地，一种或多种磷酸盐(例如磷酸钙)也可以与两种或更多种金属硫化物组合。
体积比例通过重量和密度来确定。
滑动材料可以优选地包括另外的第二填料，特别是另外的固体润滑剂，特别是BaSO4、锌钡白，和/或氟化物，特别是氟化钙，和/或颜料以及前述第二填料的组合。其结果是进一步改善了磨损性能。
此外，在滑动材料中可以包含另外的第三填料特别是碳纤维、玻璃纤维、聚合物纤维(特别是芳族聚酰胺纤维)；和/或固体润滑剂，特别是石墨、炭黑、BN和/或塑料颗粒，例如PFPE、芳族聚酰胺(PPTA)、PPSO2、PI和PAI颗粒、聚丙烯酸酯颗粒(PAR)、PBA颗粒、PBI颗粒；和/或金属氧化物，特别是Fe2O3、Al2O3、SiO2、CrO2、TiO2、CuO、MgO、ZnO；和/或硬质材料颗粒，特别是陶瓷颗粒，例如SiC、Si3N4、BC、立方BN；和/或氟化物，例如特别是NaF、AlF3；和/或片状硅酸盐，特别是高岭土、云母、硅灰石、滑石、硅酸；和/或金属细粉，特别是青铜和铋；和/或颜料或混合相氧化物颜料，特别是Co-Al、Cr-Sb-Ti、Co-Ti、Fe-Al、Mn-Fe或Co-Cr。
在这种情况下，第二填料的比例优选为滑动材料的0至30体积％，特别是1至20体积％，特别是1至10体积％。
滑动材料中的第三填料的比例可以为滑动材料的0至10体积％。
此外，特别优选的是，PTFE聚合物基体构成滑动材料的50至95体积％，特别是60至95体积％，特别是70至90体积％。以这种方式，PTFE材料的性质可以充分地影响滑动材料。
该滑动材料可以用于生产具有金属支撑层的滑动轴承复合材料，该金属支撑层特别是由钢或青铜制成，可选地具有多孔支撑层，特别是由烧结青铜制成，并且具有填充上述类型的支撑层或轴承层的孔的滑动材料。为此，具有填料的基于PTFE的滑动材料优选为糊状形式。然后将糊状滑动材料施加到多孔层上，并通过轧制工艺将其浸渍到孔中，然后进行烧结。
滑动轴承复合材料可以用作滑动轴承元件，其中，滑动轴承元件可以是例如滑动条，滑动块或滑动垫或滑动轴承壳，滑动轴承衬套或滑动轴环衬套。
滑动元件通常也可以是轧制的圆柱形衬套或由滑动轴承复合材料制成的半壳滑动轴承元件。滑动轴承复合材料还可用于生产法兰衬套或杯形衬套或平面和球形滑动轴承元件。
下面列出了几个实施例和参照例。
在所有情况下，在实施例中使用的磷酸钙是磷酸三钙Ca3(PO4)2。
附图说明
在图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的金属/塑料滑动轴承复合材料的示意性剖视图。
图2示出由上述滑动材料制成的滑动轴承部件的磨损值的测量结果。
图3示出了由上述滑动材料制成的滑动轴承构件的摩擦系数的测量结果。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的滑动轴承复合材料2的示意性剖视图，其具有金属支撑层4(通常为钢)和多孔载体层6。多孔载体层6由基于青铜的金属颗粒7的的烧结层形成。载体层6的颗粒形成连贯的宏观空腔(未按比例显示)，根据本发明的基于聚合物的滑动材料8被浸渍在该空腔中。滑动材料8基本上完全填充支撑层6的孔。滑动层材料8的形成基质的聚合物组分在上述意义上是基于PTFE的。聚合物组分有利地由PTFE制成。滑动层材料8还包括掺入形成基质的聚合物组分中的填料，即一种或多种磷酸盐和一种或多种金属硫化物。除了磷酸盐和金属硫化物以外的其他填料可证明是有利的，并也未示出。特别地，上述第二和/或第三填料是合适的。
图2示出了磨损测量结果和图3示出滑动轴承元件的摩擦系数测量结果，其通过使用上述实施例1至9的滑动材料的滑动轴承复合材料来测量。滑动轴承复合物包括钢制成的金属支撑层、上述类型的多孔支撑层和填充支撑层的孔的基于聚合物的滑动材料。被检查的滑动轴承元件仅在滑动材料的组成方面进行区分。
在0.75MPa的载荷下以2m/s的滑动速度在旋转测试中确定耐磨性和摩擦系数。下表列出了测试参数。
测试参数 测试参数
润滑条件 干燥过程
对立体(Counter body) 100Cr6
载荷 0.75MPa
滑动速度 2m/s
测试时间 15h
为此目的，制造了一种衬套作为滑动轴承元件，该衬套包括根据上述实施例1至9的滑动材料，该衬套的内径为20mm，外径为23mm，宽度为15mm。
仅包含磷酸钙作为填料的实施例2用作与其他实施例相关的测量值的参考例。实施例1和3至5不是根据本发明的比较例。实施例6至9显示了根据本发明的滑动材料。
与比较例和参考例相比，已添加了磷酸钙和金属硫化物作为填料并因此符合本发明的滑动材料显示出显著且令人惊讶地更低的磨损。
通过有针对性地将磷酸钙与作为另外的固体润滑剂(主填料)的金属硫化物组合使用可以进一步提高耐磨性，另外的固体润滑剂例如为Bi2S3(实施例6)、SnS2(实施例7)或WS2(实施例8)。此外，研究了磷酸盐和主填料(在此为Bi2S3)与次级填料(在此BaSO4为固体润滑剂)的混合物，其进一步改善了磨损值(参见示例9)。特别是实施例8和9显示出比具有一致的良好摩擦系数的参照例低50％以上的磨损。

Claims (15)

1.一种基于PTFE聚合物的滑动材料，其具有改善摩擦性能的填料，其特征在于，所述填料包括至少一种磷酸盐和至少一种金属硫化物作为主要填料，并且其中，所述金属硫化物的比例为至少>2体积％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑动材料，其特征在于，使用的所述磷酸盐是磷酸钙、焦磷酸钙、磷酸镁、焦磷酸镁、磷酸锂、羟基磷灰石或它们的组合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的滑动材料，其特征在于，所述至少一种金属硫化物包括SnS2、MoSs、Bi2S3、WS2、ZnS或CuS和它们的组合。
4.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的滑动材料，其特征在于，所述滑动材料的PTFE聚合物基体包括至少70体积％、特别是至少80体积％、特别是至少90体积％并且特别是100体积％的PTFE，并且所述PTFE聚合物基体的特别是比例最高30体积％、特别是最高20体积％、优选最高10体积％的比例由特别是PVDF、PFA、FEP、ECTFE、ETFE的其他聚合物及它们的组合代替。
5.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的滑动材料，其特征在于，所述磷酸盐的比例总共为所述滑动材料的1至30体积％、特别是1至25体积％、特别是1至20体积％。
6.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的滑动材料，其特征在于，作为填料的所述金属硫化物的比例总共为所述滑动材料的大于3体积％、更优选地大于5体积％、优选地大于7体积％、特别优选大于9体积％、更优选为10体积％或大于10体积％并且更优选最多30体积％、优选最多20体积％、更优选最多15体积％。
7.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的滑动材料，其特征在于，一种或多种所述磷酸盐与一种或多种所述金属硫化物的体积比为6∶1至1∶2，优选为4∶1至1∶1。
8.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的滑动材料，其特征在于，其包括另外的第二填料，特别是另外的固体润滑剂，特别是BaSO4、锌钡白和/或氟化物，特别是氟化钙，和/或颜料，以及前述第二填料的组合。
9.根据权利要求7所述的滑动材料，其特征在于，所述第二填料的比例为所述滑动材料的0至30体积％、特别是1至20体积％并且特别是1至10体积％。
10.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的滑动材料，其特征在于，另外的第三填料特别是碳纤维、玻璃纤维、聚合物纤维(特别是芳族聚酰胺纤维)；和/或固体润滑剂，特别是石墨、炭黑、BN和/或塑料颗粒，例如PFPE、芳族聚酰胺(PPTA)、PPSO2、PI和PAI颗粒、聚丙烯酸酯颗粒(PAR)、PBA颗粒、PBI颗粒；和/或金属氧化物，特别是Fe2O3、Al2O3、SiO2、CrO2、TiO2、CuO、MgO、ZnO；和/或硬质材料颗粒，特别是陶瓷颗粒，例如SiC、Si3N4、BC、立方BN；和/或氟化物，例如特别是NaF、AlF3；和/或片状硅酸盐，特别是高岭土、云母、硅灰石、滑石、硅酸；和/或金属细粉，特别是青铜和铋；和/或颜料或混合相氧化物颜料，特别是Co-Al、Cr-Sb-Ti、Co-Ti、Fe-Al、Mn-Fe或Co-Cr。
11.根据权利要求9所述的滑动材料，其特征在于，所述第三填料的比例为所述滑动材料的0至15体积％，优选0至10体积％。
12.根据前述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的滑动材料，其特征在于，所述PTFE聚合物基体构成所述滑动材料的50至95体积％、特别是60至95体积％并且特别是70至90体积％。
13.一种滑动轴承复合材料，其具有：特别是钢或青铜的金属支撑层，特别是具有多孔支撑层，特别是由青铜制成；和具有填充所述支撑层的孔的根据前述权利要求1至12中的一项或多项所述的滑动材料。
14.一种滑动轴承元件，由根据权利要求13所述的滑动轴承复合材料制成。
15.根据权利要求14所述的滑动轴承元件，其特征在于，所述滑动轴承元件是滑动条、滑座或滑垫或滑动轴承壳、滑动轴承套或滑动轴环套。
CN201880022664.4A 2017-04-12 2018-04-12 具有改善摩擦性能的填料的基于ptfe聚合物的滑动材料 Pending CN110462007A (zh)

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