CN110452052A - A kind of control method of pear tree yellows - Google Patents
A kind of control method of pear tree yellows Download PDFInfo
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- CN110452052A CN110452052A CN201910819194.0A CN201910819194A CN110452052A CN 110452052 A CN110452052 A CN 110452052A CN 201910819194 A CN201910819194 A CN 201910819194A CN 110452052 A CN110452052 A CN 110452052A
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- Prior art keywords
- compound fertilizer
- pear tree
- control method
- fertilizer
- yellows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of control method of pear tree yellows, prevents and treats pear tree yellows by applying compound fertilizer to theatre, the compound fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, cotton slag (withered grass or oil cake), bio-bacterial manure, chelated iron and brown sugar;The method of administration of the compound fertilizer the following steps are included: (1) compound fertilizer pile fermentation;(2) ditching machine opens a 40cm depth, the dressing furrow of 20cm wide at the side drip for pear tree of often holding or participate in a prayer service at a temple;(3) compound fertilizer is applied into dressing furrow in the following proportions: organic fertilizer 3-4m per acre3, cotton slag 6-8m3, agricultural microorganism bacterial manure 80-100kg, chelated iron 15-18kg, brown sugar 8-11kg.(4) next year, fruit tree leaf stretching period spray chelated iron dilution, spray once, spray 2-3 times every 7 days.A kind of control method of pear tree yellows of the present invention can significantly reduce the disease incidence of yellows, and severe yellow orchard can be promoted to the transformation of moderate and slight yellow orchard;Slight yellow orchard can guarantee that second year no longer recurs by this technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of plant protection, specially a kind of control method of pear tree yellows.
Background technique
Kuerle delicious pear is famous " name, the excellent, special " fruit in Xinjiang, the side such as increases income in foreign exchange earning, growth of agricultural efficiency, orchard worker
Face plays an important role.End 2016 end of the year bergamot pear cultivated areas and reaches 109.49 ten thousand mu, 104.6 ten thousand tons of total output.It is new
One of boundary local special fruit tree industry pillar industry.Bergamot pear is perennial crop, its long term growth can only absorb root system model in fixed position
The Nutrients in soil space are enclosed, the scarcity of certain nutrients in soil is more easily caused, meanwhile, recently as chemical fertilizer, pesticide
A large amount of applications, cause ecological environment constantly to deteriorate, soil hardening, and soil body ventilation, water permeability deteriorate, and Kuerle delicious pear garden occurs
The phenomenon that yellow in blocks, and the area of yellow morbidity has ever-expanding trend, has seriously affected the yield and quality of bergamot pear,
Lead to unit area bergamot pear garden yield sharp fall, dampened the enthusiasm of orchard worker's management, becomes and this area bergamot pear is hindered to produce
The important problem of industry sustainable and healthy development.
Patent CN103563692B discloses fruit tree yellowing disease prevention and treatment comprehensive preparation in a kind of fruit tree fertilizer, use Ao Hetie with
And other various trace elements etc. carry out it is compound after spray, effect is unobvious when on pear tree;Patent CN103553725B
A kind of foliar fertilizer for preventing and treating pear tree iron deficiency disease disease is disclosed, is sprayed using sulfate and ferrous sulfate are compound, effect
With limitation, pear tree yellows cannot be fundamentally prevented and treated,
Therefore need to develop that a kind of control efficiency is good, protection more fully pear tree yellows control method.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above existing issue, the present invention provides a kind of control method of pear tree yellows.The present invention passes through following
Technical solution is realized.
A kind of control method of pear tree yellows prevents and treats pear tree yellows by applying compound fertilizer to theatre, described
Compound fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, cotton slag (withered grass or oil cake), bio-bacterial manure, chelated iron and brown sugar;The application of the compound fertilizer
Method the following steps are included:
(1) pile fermentation of compound fertilizer;
(2) ditching machine opens a 40cm depth, the dressing furrow of 20cm wide at the side drip for pear tree of often holding or participate in a prayer service at a temple;
(3) compound fertilizer is applied into dressing furrow in the following proportions: organic fertilizer 3-4m per acre3, cotton slag 6-8m3(withered grass 3-
4m3Or oil cake 2-3m3), agricultural microorganism bacterial manure 80-100kg, chelated iron 15-18kg, brown sugar 8-11kg.
(4) next year, fruit tree leaf stretching period spray chelated iron dilution, spray once, spray 2-3 times every 7 days.
Further, the pile fermentation raw material of the compound fertilizer includes the organic fertilizer based on cattle and sheep excrement;Withered grass bud
Merchandise sales microbial bacterial agent, the decomposing agents such as spore bacillus, the wooden enzyme, Pseudomonas fluorescens and saccharomycete are as strain;With corn flour,
Fermentation basestocks based on wheat bran and chaff powder;And urea.
Further, the proportion of the fermentation basestocks is wheat bran: corn flour: chaff powder=1:3:5.
Further, the proportion of the strain and fermentation basestocks is according to strain: fermentation basestocks=1:100 ratio
Configuration, the strain and fermentation basestocks are mixed evenly in proportion in advance, to place shady place spare.
Further, the proportion of the organic fertilizer and the fermentation basestocks for adding strain is 1m3100kg is added in organic fertilizer
Strain fermentation basestocks, be configured to organic materials.
Further, the proportion of the organic materials and urea is 1m3The urea of 7.5kg is added in organic matter material,
It is configured to compound fertilizer precursor, the compound fertilizer precursor obtains the final compound fertilizer after pile fermentation.
Further, apply compound fertilizer in the dressing furrow the following steps are included: putting 10cm thickness in ditch first
Cotton slag (withered grass of 10cm thickness or the oil cake after 5cm), then apply the bio-bacterial manure mixed in proportion, chelated iron,
Brown sugar, then by decomposed organic fertilizer according to 3m per acre3It applies, then covers one layer with cotton slag (withered grass or oil cake), finally with soil
It buries.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
A kind of control method of pear tree yellows of the present invention can significantly reduce the disease incidence of yellows, can promote severe yellow
Transformation of the orchard to moderate and slight yellow orchard;Slight yellow orchard can guarantee that second year no longer recurs by this technology.This
Technology while preventing and treating yellows, increase soil fertility by rehabilitating soil micro-ecological environment, reduces fertilizer amount;Increase soil
In beneficial microbe colony quantity, microelement and the content of organic matter;Balanced soil pH value simultaneously neutralizes heavy metal, pesticide residue
Equal toxin.Bergamot pear tree can also be made preferably to absorb moisture and eliminate ponding simultaneously, reduced water consumption;Increasing yield and improving quality promotes root system
Lower bundle enhances tree vigo(u)r, continuously steady production, improving quality.A kind of last control method of pear tree yellows of the present invention is easy to operate, real
It is convenient to apply, and has great application value.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention work specifically, is completely illustrated combined with specific embodiments below.
Embodiment 1, a kind of control method of pear tree yellows prevent and treat pear tree yellow by applying compound fertilizer to theatre
Disease.Wherein compound fertilizer is that organic fertilizer, cotton slag, bio-bacterial manure, chelated iron and brown sugar are combined with each other.The manufacturing process of compound fertilizer
The following steps are included:
Step 1: the pile fermentation of compound fertilizer
(1) stack retting place election
It selects topography is flat to be convenient for the mechanically operated orchard edge of a field, sorts out length and be no less than 5m, width is no less than 4m's
The groove of depth 20cm is dug as stack retting place in plot, and stack retting place can increase according to plot and stack retting amount and be expanded.
(2) preparation of raw material
First is that organic fertilizer, based on cattle and sheep excrement;Second is that the strain of fermentation, selects bacillus subtilis, the wooden enzyme, fluorescence false
The merchandise sales such as monad and saccharomycete microbial bacterial agent, decomposing agent do strain;Third is that fermentation basestocks, with corn flour, wheat bran
Based on chaff powder;Fourth is that urea etc..
(3) proportion of raw material
1. the proportion for the basestocks that ferment, wheat bran: corn flour: chaff powder=1:3:5
2. strain: the proportion for the basestocks that ferment, according to strain: fermentation basestocks=1:100 proportional arrangement, strain and hair
It is spare that placement shady place is mixed evenly in ferment basestocks in proportion in advance.
3. the proportion of organic fertilizer and the fermentation basestocks for adding strain, general 1m3The strain fermentation of 100kg is added in organic fertilizer
Basestocks are configured to organic materials.
4. the proportion of organic fertilizer and urea, general 1m3The urea of 7.5kg is added in organic manure, is configured to compound
Fertilizer precursor.
(4) method of stack retting
Prepared compound fertilizer precursor is placed on the plot put in order, uniform stirring, is stirred in watering, moisture is protected
It holds in 40%-60%, commonly reaches in groove when having ponding that effect is preferable, covered with plastic film, surrounding is buried with soil, is carried out
Fermentation, starts pile fermentation by the end of July, and after abundant stack retting, organic fertilizer is in dark brown, to be completely decomposed to get to final compound
Fertilizer.
Step 2: ditching-fertilizing
A 40cm depth, the fertilising of 20cm wide are opened at the side drip for pear tree of often holding or participate in a prayer service at a temple with garden ditching machine at the bottom of September
Ditch, by decomposed organic fertilizer, cotton slag (withered grass or oil cake), agricultural microorganism bacterial manure, (trade name: spy 8, main component 70% has
Machine matter, 6% humic acid, 0.5% N, 0.1% P, 0.5% K, the living bacteria count of 200,000,000/ml are (lactobacillus plantarum, glimmering
Light Pseudomonas alba)), chelated iron (trade name: sprouting side iron, trace element water-soluble fertilizer, effective component: iron (Fe)≤13%),
According to organic fertilizer 3m per acre3, cotton slag 7m3(withered grass 4m3Or oil cake 2m3), agricultural microorganism bacterial manure 100kg, chelated iron 15kg,
The ratio of brown sugar 10kg applies.
Step of applying fertilizer includes: that the cotton slag of 10cm thickness (withered grass of 10cm thickness or the oil cake after 5cm) 1) is put in ditch;2)
Then the bio-bacterial manure mixed in proportion, chelated iron, brown sugar are applied, decomposed organic fertilizer is according to 3m per acre3It applies, then
One layer is covered with cotton slag (withered grass or oil cake), is finally buried with soil.
Step 3: foliage application
Next year, fruit tree leaf stretching period spray the chelated iron of 1500 times of liquid, spray once, spray 2~3 times every 7 days.
Control efficiency test to enumerating to a kind of control method of the pear tree yellows of the present embodiment 1 below.
Experimental field overview: experimental field selecting in a pipeful of 3 north in 29 east of the second teacher of the Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang, height above sea level 900m,
Experimental field it is in north latitude 41 ° 50 ' 24 ", 85 ° 39 ' 33 of east longitude ".Experimental field belong to temperate continental climate area, average temperature of the whole year 11.4
DEG C, annual frost-free period 210d or so, soil types is rendzinas.
Testing program
100 bergamot pear trees are chosen, September part applies fertilizer to wherein 50, and 50 are observed yellow as control, fixed point label
Change disease incidence.
Yellow grade scale: 0 grade, green;1 grade, light green color;2 grades, yellow green;3 grades, yellow-white.
Yellowing index=∑ (the disease numbers of sheets at different levels × opposite value of series)/(investigation total number of sheets × 4)
Control efficiency=[(check plot yellowing index-fertilizer treatment area yellowing index)/check plot yellowing index] × 100%
Test result is shown in Table 1.
1. embodiment of the present invention of table, 1 method prevents and treats pear tree yellows effect statistics.
Found out by test result, the prevention and treatment pear tree yellows that this method can be permanently effective, and control efficiency is with the time
Extension is more preferably significant, can guarantee that fruit tree second year no longer recurs by this technology, has good control efficiency.
Obviously, described embodiment is only separate embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the present invention
In embodiment, all other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts,
Belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of control method of pear tree yellows prevents and treats pear tree yellows, feature by applying compound fertilizer to theatre
Be: the compound fertilizer includes organic fertilizer, cotton slag (withered grass or oil cake), bio-bacterial manure, chelated iron and brown sugar;
The method of administration of the compound fertilizer the following steps are included:
(1) pile fermentation of compound fertilizer;
(2) ditching machine opens a 40cm depth, the dressing furrow of 20cm wide at the side drip for pear tree of often holding or participate in a prayer service at a temple;
(3) compound fertilizer is applied into dressing furrow in the following proportions: organic fertilizer 3-4m per acre3, cotton slag 6-8m3(withered grass 3-4m3Or
Oil cake 2-3m3), agricultural microorganism bacterial manure 80-100kg, chelated iron 15-18kg, brown sugar 8-11kg.
(4) next year, fruit tree leaf stretching period spray chelated iron dilution, spray once, spray 2-3 times every 7 days.
2. a kind of control method of pear tree yellows according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the heap of the compound fertilizer
Macerating fermentation raw material includes the organic fertilizer based on cattle and sheep excrement;Bacillus subtilis, the wooden enzyme, Pseudomonas fluorescens and saccharomycete etc.
Merchandise sales microbial bacterial agent, decomposing agent are as strain;Fermentation basestocks based on corn flour, wheat bran and chaff powder;And urine
Element.
3. a kind of control method of pear tree yellows according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the fermentation basestocks
Proportion is wheat bran: corn flour: chaff powder=1:3:5.
4. a kind of control method of pear tree yellows according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the strain and fermentation base
The proportion of plinth material is according to strain: fermentation basestocks=1:100 proportional arrangement, and the strain and fermentation basestocks shift to an earlier date in proportion
It is mixed evenly, to place shady place spare.
5. a kind of control method of pear tree yellows according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the organic fertilizer and plus bacterium
The proportion of the fermentation basestocks of kind is 1m3The strain fermentation basestocks of 100kg are added in organic fertilizer, are configured to organic materials.
6. a kind of control method of pear tree yellows according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the organic materials and urine
The proportion of element is 1m3The urea of 7.5kg is added in organic matter material, is configured to compound fertilizer precursor, the compound fertilizer precursor
The final compound fertilizer is obtained after pile fermentation.
7. a kind of control method of pear tree yellows according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: apply in the dressing furrow
Compound fertilizer the following steps are included: the cotton slag (withered grass of 10cm thickness or the oil cake after 5cm) of 10cm thickness is put in ditch first,
Then the bio-bacterial manure mixed in proportion, chelated iron, brown sugar are applied, then by decomposed organic fertilizer according to 3m per acre3It applies,
Then one layer is covered with cotton slag (withered grass or oil cake), is finally buried with soil.
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Cited By (1)
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CN113812292A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-21 | 聊城大学 | Method for preventing and treating pear tree yellowing disease |
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