CN110452024B - Rice seedling raising bed soil prepared by utilizing microbial fermentation waste materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rice seedling raising bed soil prepared by utilizing microbial fermentation waste materials and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110452024B CN110452024B CN201910842734.7A CN201910842734A CN110452024B CN 110452024 B CN110452024 B CN 110452024B CN 201910842734 A CN201910842734 A CN 201910842734A CN 110452024 B CN110452024 B CN 110452024B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
A rice seedling bed soil prepared by utilizing microbial fermentation waste materials and a preparation method thereof relate to a rice seedling bed soil and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the prior rice fermentation seedling bed soil is required to be disinfected and acid-regulated before seeding, the working procedure is complex, the operability is low, the seedling yield is low, the raw material transportation is difficult and the cost is high. The rice seedling bed soil of the invention comprises the following components: animal waste, microbial strain liquid, agricultural production waste, microbial fermentation waste, a nutrient, bentonite and boric acid. The preparation method is simple and convenient, the cost is low, and the rice using the seedling bed soil has high seedling emergence rate, high organic matter content and rich nutrient components, provides a novel and environment-friendly treatment mode for treating microbial fermentation waste and agricultural wastes, and can provide proper temperature for rice seedling in northeast cold spring areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to rice seedling bed soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The rice is one of the main grain crops in China, farmers mostly adopt field soil and nutrient soil to raise the rice seedlings in a tray in the seedling raising link, and the dry-raising method can obtain healthier rice seedlings in a short time and is the key for stable yield of the rice. The pH value of soil is adjusted to 5 to adjust the pH value of the soil to perform acid adjustment treatment, so that seedlings can be stronger. The preparation of the nutrient soil and the seedling raising tray needs farmers to dig a large amount of dry farmland soil, apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides for treatment, and use sulfuric acid for acid adjustment treatment, so that the cost and the operation difficulty of rice planting of the farmers are undoubtedly increased, the dosage and the proportion cannot be guaranteed, and the dry-breeding method cannot exert the optimal effect.
In recent years, a great deal of research on rice seedling bed soil is carried out, most of the research is that on the basis of crushing and fermenting rice hulls and straws, nutrient components are added after crushing, uniformly mixed and fermented, and before seeding, disinfection and acid regulation treatment are carried out, so that the process is complex, the operability is low, the raw material transportation is difficult, and the cost is high. Few studies on the seedbed soil are made by blending a plurality of soil materials, the seedbed soil is simple in manufacturing process, but the transportation of the soil materials in different regions consumes even higher transportation cost, the seedbed soil is not good in seedling raising effect compared with the fermented seedbed soil, and the cost performance is not high.
Therefore, it is necessary to research a preparation method of the rice seedling bed soil which has good seedling effect, low cost, easily available raw materials and convenient transportation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides rice seedling bed soil prepared by utilizing microbial fermentation waste materials and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the technical problems that the existing rice fermentation seedling bed soil is required to be disinfected and subjected to acid regulation treatment before seeding, the process is complex, the operability is low, the seedling yield is low, the raw material transportation is difficult and the cost is higher.
The invention relates to a rice seedling raising bed soil prepared by utilizing microbial fermentation waste materials, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of animal waste, 1-3% of microbial strain liquid, 20-40% of agricultural production waste, 15-35% of microbial fermentation waste, 5-20% of nutritional agent, 5-10% of bentonite, 5-20% of boric acid and the balance of water.
The animal manure is one or a mixture of two of herbivore manure and non-herbivore manure; when the animal waste is a mixture of herbivore waste and non-herbivore waste, the mass of the herbivore waste is 15% -25% of the total mass of the bed soil for raising rice seedlings.
The microbial strain liquid comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 30% of bacillus subtilis liquid, 30% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid, 20% of bacillus polymyxa liquid, 10% of trichoderma viride liquid and 10% of chaetomium globosum liquid; the culture medium of the bacillus subtilis liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the bacillus subtilis is 2 multiplied by 1011CFU/g; the culture medium of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1 multiplied by 1011CFU/g; the culture medium of the bacillus polymyxa liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the bacillus polymyxa is 1 multiplied by 1011CFU/g; the culture medium of the trichoderma viride solution is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the trichoderma viride is 2 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the culture medium of the chaetomium globosum bacterial liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the chaetomium globosum bacterial liquid is 3 multiplied by 109CFU/g。
The agricultural production waste is a mixture of rice hulls, straws and mushroom bran, wherein the mass ratio of the rice hulls to the straws to the mushroom bran is (10-20): (10-25): 5-10); the mushroom bran is one or a mixture of two of flammulina velutipes mushroom bran and pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran.
The microbial fermentation waste is a mixture consisting of fermented cassava residues and biogas residues, wherein the mass ratio of the fermented cassava residues to the biogas residues is (5-15) to (10-25).
The nutrient is a mixture of ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, diammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate and potassium sulfate, wherein the mass ratio of the ammonium sulfate to the zinc sulfate to the sodium selenite to the ferrous sulfate to the diammonium phosphate to the potassium sulfate is (1-5): 0.05-2: (1-3): 1-5): 0.05-4.
The preparation method of the rice seedling bed soil prepared by utilizing the microbial fermentation waste material comprises the following steps:
firstly, weighing raw materials: weighing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-30% of animal waste, 1-3% of microbial strain liquid, 20-40% of agricultural production waste, 15-35% of microbial fermentation waste, 5-20% of nutritional agent, 5-10% of bentonite and 5-20% of boric acid; the agricultural production waste is a mixture of rice hulls, straws and mushroom bran, wherein the mass ratio of the rice hulls to the straws to the mushroom bran is (10-20): (10-25): 5-10);
firstly, preparing agricultural production waste: putting the rice hulls weighed in the first step into water at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ for boiling for 10-15 min, then drying, and crushing to obtain powder with the particle size of 2-3 mm; crushing the straws and the mushroom bran weighed in the step one to the particle size of 2-3 mm;
thirdly, mixing the microbial fermentation waste and the animal manure weighed in the first step into bentonite, uniformly stirring, adding the rice hulls, the straws and the fungus chaff crushed in the second step, and uniformly mixing;
dissolving the nutrient weighed in the step one in water to obtain nutrient solution; adding the nutrient solution and the microbial strain solution weighed in the first step into the product obtained in the third step, stirring uniformly to form a stack, adding water into the stack until the stack is saturated, then uniformly and horizontally inserting a plurality of bamboo poles into the stack, uniformly and vertically inserting a plurality of thermometers into the stack, covering a plastic film, and starting stacking and fermenting;
secondly, opening the plastic film when the temperature of the piled materials is raised to 55 ℃, turning the piled materials once by using bamboo poles so as to reduce the temperature, spraying water until the piled materials are saturated, re-inserting the bamboo poles, and covering the plastic film;
thirdly, repeating the operation of the second step till the temperature of the piled materials is maintained at 40-50 ℃, opening the plastic film, flattening the piled bodies, and naturally cooling;
and fifthly, when the temperature of the pile is reduced to 25-35 ℃, adding boric acid to adjust the pH value of the pile to 5-6.5, and naturally cooling to 22-28 ℃ to obtain the rice seedling raising bed soil.
The saturation in the fourth step of the invention is to add water until no water seeps out.
Animal wastes are natural organic fertilizers commonly used in the agricultural field, but cannot be directly applied to farmlands because they contain parasites, worm eggs and some pathogenic bacteria. In the preparation process of the rice seedling raising bed soil, after the pile is thoroughly decomposed, the microbial fermentation waste and the microbial liquid are beneficial to killing parasites and ova in animal excrement, and the added strains are dominant strains, so that the pathogenic bacteria in the animal excrement can be killed, nutrient elements and other trace elements which are necessary for the growth of rice, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the animal excrement can be converted into an ionic form which is more convenient for rice seedlings to utilize, and cellulose and protein components in the animal excrement provide nutrient sources for bacteria in the microbial liquid and bacteria in the microbial fermentation waste.
The rice hulls and straws in the agricultural production waste are common agricultural waste. The rice hulls are hard and have thick wax layers and are difficult to rot under natural conditions; the straws are rich in organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, so that farmers still return the straws to the field after burning in winter, the straws cannot be used fully, air is polluted to form smoke haze, and great inconvenience is brought to production and life of surrounding residents. The seedling bed soil can fully utilize nutrient elements in the rice hulls and the straws, and provides a more reasonable, safer and more environment-friendly method for treating the waste rice hulls and the straws. The mushroom bran is a waste material for cultivating edible mushrooms, is rich in a large amount of crude fibers, is common edible mushrooms such as pleurotus eryngii and flammulina velutipes, is mature in cultivation process and stable and wide in market, and provides a utilization method for a large amount of waste mushroom bran generated in agricultural production. The rice hulls are hard and have thick wax layers and can not be completely decomposed when being directly stacked, so that the rice hulls need to be boiled for 10-15 min at the temperature of 60-65 ℃, the rice hulls are changed into a lamellar structure to improve the water holding performance of the rice hulls, the rice hulls are more loose and more breathable, aerobic bacteria can be used conveniently, the boiled rice hulls are dried by hot air and then crushed to the particle size of 2-3 mm, and the rice hull powder has stronger water holding performance and is beneficial to fermentation.
Because the fermented cassava residues in the microbial fermentation waste contain a large amount of cellulose components, the cassava residues are often compressed by biotechnology companies and then transported to a biological boiler for incineration and energy supply, and the cassava residues are relatively easy to treat but need a certain cost. The waste biogas residues left at the bottom of the biogas digester used in rural areas after fermentation still have cellulose and some protein components available for microorganisms, wherein dilute fermentation waste liquid can be transported to a sewage treatment plant for centralized treatment, and concentrated biogas residue soil can be used as feed or fertilizer if the nutrient content is high, and the treatment process is relatively complex and has high requirements and high cost; if the nutrient content is lower, the biogas residue can be landfilled, so that the biogas residue does not exert higher value. The waste biogas residues utilized by the seedling bed soil are collected, the waste biogas residues and biogas slurry are mixed into a dry mud shape for utilization, carriers and rich substrates are provided for the seedling bed soil, the microbial fermentation waste materials are decomposed in the preparation process of the seedling bed soil and generate heat, the temperature can be kept at about 25 ℃ after the preparation is completed, convenient conditions are provided for rice seedling raising, particularly, the seedling raising is cold in spring in northeast regions, farmers generally need to raise seedlings in greenhouses, certain cost is provided, a large amount of labor is required, the utilization rate of nutrient elements in the waste biogas residues is greatly improved on the premise of ensuring operability, the fermented wood residues can also provide a cellulose source for the microbial strain, and therefore the problem of the direction of the fermentation waste materials is solved, and a relatively simple and low-cost utilization method is provided.
The main component of bentonite is montmorillonite, the structure of which is a 2:1 type crystal structure formed by two silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons and a layer of aluminum-oxygen octahedron, and cations existing in a unit cell structure of the bentonite are unstable and have good ion exchange performance. The bentonite is used as an ion exchange carrier in the seedling bed soil, and the dryness and the dilution of the microbial fermentation waste can be adjusted to a degree suitable for rice seedling raising.
The nutrient can provide nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, selenium and the like necessary for the growth of rice for the seedling bed soil, has larger dosage range, and aims to blend the soil in various regions so that the seedling bed soil can be applied more widely.
The soil for the seedling bed of the invention also comprises boric acid for adjusting the acidity of the soil. At present, the acidity of soil is regulated by using sulfuric acid commonly used in rice production, but concentrated sulfuric acid is not easy to transport and allocate, has certain danger, increases the difficulty of regulating the acidity of soil for farmers, cannot exert the optimal effect if the sulfuric acid cannot be scientifically matched, increases the cost, even can cause stress on beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and has certain possibility of causing rice yield reduction. Boric acid is weak acid, is convenient to transport and high in safety, is applied to the acidity adjustment of rice seedling bed soil, has high safety on microbial strains in the seedling bed soil, and can keep activity.
In the invention, the open and ventilated sunny area is preferably selected for stacking and fermenting, and the plastic film is covered for heat preservation after the stacking is finished. In order to ventilate the stack body and prevent anaerobic bacteria from becoming dominant strains to generate odor, a plurality of bamboo poles are required to be inserted into the stack body at intervals, so that oxygen can be fed into the stack body, and the stack is convenient to turn over when the temperature of the stack body is too high. The decomposing and transforming device comprises a body, a plurality of temperature gauges, a plurality of material piles, a plurality of film covering plates and a plurality of film covering plates. When the temperature of the stack is not increased any more (generally about 15 days), the film is opened, the stack is flattened for heat dissipation, when the temperature is cooled to about 30 ℃, the fermentation in the stack is basically finished, and then the acid adjusting treatment is carried out. Water is required to be added into the pile body to provide certain humidity for microbial fermentation, the water quantity of the pile body needs to be kept saturated in the fermentation process, and the water in the pile body is saturated and does not flow out by adopting a spraying method.
According to the method, boric acid is used for adjusting the pH value of the pile body to be 5-6.5, the pile body is cooled to 22-28 ℃, microorganisms still exist in the pile body at the moment, but the temperature can be maintained at 22-28 ℃, so that the method is suitable for rice seedling raising, and can be used for rice seedling raising in northeast cold spring areas.
By adopting the raw materials and the nutrient, the rice seedling bed soil has rich nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, the survival rate of the cultivated seedlings is high, the seedlings are robust, and the seedlings are more rich in nutrient elements such as zinc, iron, selenium and the like than the seedlings obtained by the common seedling raising method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the components of the bed soil for raising rice seedlings prepared by the invention comprise animal wastes and agricultural production wastes, the components are natural organic fertilizers, and after microbial treatment and addition of nutritional agents, the nutritional elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and trace elements such as selenium, calcium, iron, magnesium, copper and zinc in the bed soil can be converted into ion forms capable of moving freely, so that the bed soil can be better converted into rice seedlings. In addition, the fiber coarse, protein and fat components in the animal excrement can be decomposed and utilized by microorganisms and converted into nutrient substances for paddy seedling culture. Cellulose components in the boiled rice hulls and the crushed mushroom bran can be degraded by microorganisms, nutrient elements in the rice hulls and the crushed mushroom bran can be converted into the prepared seedling bed soil, common agricultural production wastes such as the rice hulls, the straws and the mushroom bran can be more environmentally-friendly treated, the smoke haze is prevented, the index of PM2.5 is reduced, and the nutrient components in the rice hulls and the crushed mushroom bran can be fully used for improving the fertility of the soil;
(2) the rice seedling bed soil prepared by the invention can utilize biogas residues at the bottom of a rural biogas pool and fermented cassava residues of biotechnology companies, and can be used as rice seedling bed soil to change waste into valuable after being treated with lower cost. The microbial fermentation can generate some phytohormones such as indoleacetic acid, which is beneficial to seed germination and rooting, and the microbial fermentation with the residual temperature and less residue after the microbial fermentation can provide the temperature of 20-30 ℃ to provide the necessary temperature for rice seedling culture, and the rice seedling culture can be carried out in cold spring in northeast;
(3) according to the rice seedling bed soil prepared by the invention, boric acid is used for acidity adjustment in the blending process, and the boric acid is a weak acid, is simple and convenient to operate and higher in safety compared with concentrated sulfuric acid, does not stress beneficial microorganisms in soil, and is lower in cost;
(4) the rice seedling raising bed soil prepared by the invention is used for raising rice seedlings, the rate of emergence can reach 99.99%, the strong seedling index can reach 0.09, no plant diseases and insect pests exist, and the stems of the raised seedlings are strong.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is a rice seedling raising bed soil prepared by utilizing microbial fermentation waste materials, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of animal waste, 1-3% of microbial strain liquid, 20-40% of agricultural production waste, 15-35% of microbial fermentation waste, 5-20% of nutritional agent, 5-10% of bentonite, 5-20% of boric acid and the balance of water.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the animal excrement is one or a mixture of two of herbivore excrement and non-herbivore excrement; when the animal waste is a mixture of herbivore waste and non-herbivore waste, the mass of the herbivore waste is 15% -25% of the total mass of the bed soil for raising rice seedlings. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the microbial strain liquid comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 30% of bacillus subtilis liquid, 30% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid, 20% of bacillus polymyxa liquid, 10% of trichoderma viride liquid and 10% of chaetomium globosum liquid; the culture medium of the bacillus subtilis liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the bacillus subtilis is 2 multiplied by 1011CFU/g; the culture medium of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1 multiplied by 1011CFU/g; the culture medium of the bacillus polymyxa liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the bacillus polymyxa is 1 multiplied by 1011CFU/g; the culture medium of the trichoderma viride solution is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the trichoderma viride is 2 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the culture medium of the chaetomium globosum bacterial liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the chaetomium globosum bacterial liquid is 3 multiplied by 109CFU/g. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the agricultural production waste is a mixture of rice hulls, straws and mushroom bran, wherein the mass ratio of the rice hulls to the straws to the mushroom bran is (10-20): (10-25): 5-10); the mushroom bran is one or a mixture of two of flammulina velutipes mushroom bran and pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the fourth difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: the microbial fermentation waste is a mixture consisting of fermented cassava residues and biogas residues, wherein the mass ratio of the fermented cassava residues to the biogas residues is (5-15) to (10-25). The rest is the same as the fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the nutrient is a mixture of ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, diammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate and potassium sulfate, wherein the mass ratio of the ammonium sulfate to the zinc sulfate to the sodium selenite to the ferrous sulfate to the diammonium phosphate to the potassium sulfate is (1-5): 0.05-2: (1-3): 1-5): 0.05-4. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the embodiment is a method for preparing rice seedling bed soil prepared by using microbial fermentation waste materials in the first embodiment, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, weighing raw materials: weighing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-30% of animal waste, 1-3% of microbial strain liquid, 20-40% of agricultural production waste, 15-35% of microbial fermentation waste, 5-20% of nutritional agent, 5-10% of bentonite and 5-20% of boric acid; the agricultural production waste is a mixture of rice hulls, straws and mushroom bran, wherein the mass ratio of the rice hulls to the straws to the mushroom bran is (10-20): (10-25): 5-10);
secondly, preparing agricultural production waste: putting the rice hulls weighed in the first step into water at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ for boiling for 10-15 min, then drying, and crushing to obtain powder with the particle size of 2-3 mm; crushing the straws and the mushroom bran weighed in the step one to the particle size of 2-3 mm;
thirdly, mixing the microbial fermentation waste and the animal manure weighed in the first step into bentonite, uniformly stirring, adding the rice hulls, the straws and the fungus chaff crushed in the second step, and uniformly mixing;
dissolving the nutrient weighed in the step one in water to obtain nutrient solution; adding the nutrient solution and the microbial strain solution weighed in the first step into the product obtained in the third step, stirring uniformly to form a stack, adding water into the stack until the stack is saturated, then uniformly and horizontally inserting a plurality of bamboo poles into the stack, uniformly and vertically inserting a plurality of thermometers into the stack, covering a plastic film, and starting stacking and fermenting;
secondly, opening the plastic film when the temperature of the piled materials is raised to 55 ℃, turning the piled materials once by using bamboo poles so as to reduce the temperature, spraying water until the piled materials are saturated, re-inserting the bamboo poles, and covering the plastic film;
thirdly, repeating the operation of the second step till the temperature of the piled materials is maintained at 40-50 ℃, opening the plastic film, flattening the piled bodies, and naturally cooling;
and fifthly, when the temperature of the pile is reduced to 25-35 ℃, adding boric acid to adjust the pH value of the pile to 5-6.5, and naturally cooling to 22-28 ℃ to obtain the rice seedling raising bed soil.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the seventh embodiment is different from the seventh embodiment in that: and step two, putting the rice hulls weighed in the step one into water with the temperature of 60 ℃ to be boiled for 10 min. The rest is the same as the seventh embodiment.
The invention was verified with the following tests:
test one: the test is a preparation method of rice seedling bed soil prepared by utilizing microbial fermentation waste materials, and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, weighing raw materials: weighing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 25% of animal wastes, 2% of microbial strain liquid, 30% of agricultural production wastes, 25% of microbial fermentation wastes, 5% of a nutrient, 5% of bentonite and the balance of boric acid and water;
secondly, preparing agricultural production waste: putting the rice hulls weighed in the step one into water at 65 ℃ for boiling for 10min, then drying, and crushing to obtain particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm; crushing the straws and the mushroom bran weighed in the step one to the particle size of 2-3 mm;
thirdly, mixing the microbial fermentation waste and the animal manure weighed in the first step into bentonite, uniformly stirring, adding the rice hulls, the straws and the fungus chaff crushed in the second step, and uniformly mixing;
dissolving the nutrient weighed in the step one in water to obtain nutrient solution; adding the nutrient solution and the microbial strain solution weighed in the first step into the product obtained in the third step, stirring uniformly to form a stack, adding water into the stack until the stack is saturated, then uniformly and horizontally inserting a plurality of bamboo poles into the stack, uniformly and vertically inserting a plurality of thermometers into the stack, covering a plastic film, and starting stacking and fermenting;
secondly, opening the plastic film when the temperature of the piled materials is raised to 55 ℃, turning the piled materials once by using bamboo poles so as to reduce the temperature, spraying water until the piled materials are saturated, re-inserting the bamboo poles, and covering the plastic film;
thirdly, repeating the operation of the second step till the temperature of the piled materials is maintained at 45 ℃, opening the plastic film, flattening the piled bodies and naturally cooling after 15 days of use;
and fifthly, when the temperature of the pile is reduced to 30 ℃, adding boric acid to adjust the pH value of the pile to 6.5, and naturally cooling to 25 ℃ to obtain the rice seedling bed soil.
The animal manure is cow manure and chicken manure, and respectively accounts for 15% and 10% of the mass of the rice seedling bed soil;
the microbial strain liquid comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 30% of bacillus subtilis liquid, 30% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid, 20% of bacillus polymyxa liquid, 10% of trichoderma viride liquid and 10% of chaetomium globosum liquid; the culture medium of the bacillus subtilis liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the bacillus subtilis is 2 multiplied by 1011CFU/g; the culture medium of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1 multiplied by 1011CFU/g; the culture medium of the bacillus polymyxa liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the bacillus polymyxa is 1 multiplied by 1011CFU/g; the culture medium of the trichoderma viride solution is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the trichoderma viride is 2 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the culture medium of the chaetomium globosum bacterial liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the chaetomium globosum bacterial liquid is 3 multiplied by 109CFU/g；
The agricultural production waste is a mixture of rice hulls, straws and mushroom bran, wherein the rice hulls account for 10% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil, the straws account for 15% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil, and the mushroom bran accounts for 5% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil; the mushroom bran is needle mushroom bran;
the microbial fermentation waste is a mixture consisting of fermented cassava dregs and biogas residues, wherein the fermented cassava dregs account for 10% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil, and the biogas residues account for 15% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil;
the nutrient is a mixture of ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, diammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate and potassium sulfate, wherein the ammonium sulfate accounts for 1% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil, the zinc sulfate accounts for 1% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil, the sodium selenite accounts for 0.5% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil, the ferrous sulfate accounts for 1% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil, the diammonium phosphate accounts for 1% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil, and the potassium sulfate accounts for 0.5% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil.
And (2) test II: the rice is planted by using the rice seedling bed soil prepared in the first test, the test site is in a greenhouse in double cities of Harbin city, Heilongjiang province at the beginning of 4 months of a certain year, heating is not needed in the greenhouse, and the obtained fermented cassava residue and biogas residue have moderate pH value and no toxicity; the tested rice seeds are the Suizhijing rice 14 suitable for being planted in the northeast region, 300 grains are sown in each seedling raising tray, and 3 seedling raising trays form a group of biological repetition, and the number of the biological repetitions is 3.
And (3) test III: the experiment is a preparation method of rice seedling bed soil prepared by utilizing microbial fermentation waste materials, and is different from the experiment I in that:
the rice seedling bed soil comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of cow dung, 12% of chicken manure, 2% of microbial strain liquid, 10% of rice hull, 10% of straw, 5% of pleurotus eryngii fungus chaff, 20% of fermented cassava residue, 10% of biogas residue, 5% of bentonite, 6% of nutrient, and the balance of boric acid and water; the nutrient is a mixture of ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, diammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate and potassium sulfate, wherein the ammonium sulfate accounts for 1.8% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil, the zinc sulfate accounts for 1.5% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil, the sodium selenite accounts for 0.1% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil, the ferrous sulfate accounts for 1% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil, the diammonium phosphate accounts for 1.5% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil, and the potassium sulfate accounts for 0.1% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil. The rest is the same as test one.
And (4) testing: the rice is planted by using the rice seedling bed soil prepared by the third test, the test place is in a greenhouse in Keshan county of Qizihaer city, Heilongjiang province at the beginning of 4 months in a certain year, heating is not needed in the greenhouse, and the obtained fermented cassava residues and biogas residues have moderate pH value and no toxicity; the tested rice seeds are the Suizhijing rice 14 suitable for being planted in the northeast region, 300 grains are sown in each seedling raising tray, and 3 seedling raising trays form a group of biological repetition, and the number of the biological repetitions is 3.
And (5) testing: the experiment is a preparation method of rice seedling bed soil prepared by utilizing microbial fermentation waste materials, and is different from the experiment I in that:
the rice seedling bed soil comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 18% of cow dung, 10% of chicken manure, 2% of microbial strain liquid, 10% of rice hull, 10% of straw, 2% of needle mushroom fungus chaff, 3% of pleurotus eryngii fungus chaff, 5% of fermented cassava dregs, 20% of biogas residues, 5% of bentonite, 5% of a nutrient, and the balance of boric acid and water. The rest is the same as test one.
And (6) test six: the rice seedling bed soil prepared by the fifth test is used for planting rice, the test site is in a greenhouse in the autonomous county of Dulbert Mongolia of Daqing of Heilongjiang province at the beginning of 4 months of a year, heating is not needed in the greenhouse, and the obtained fermented cassava residue and biogas residue have moderate pH value and no toxicity; the tested rice seeds are the Suizhijing rice 14 suitable for being planted in the northeast region, 300 grains are sown in each seedling raising tray, and 3 seedling raising trays form a group of biological repetition, and the number of the biological repetitions is 3.
And (3) efficacy verification:
performing physical and chemical index detection on the 3 rice seedling bed soils to obtain the following data:
and respectively carrying out a first control group, a second control group and a third control group aiming at the second test, the fourth test and the sixth test, wherein the control group adopts local soil, and the temperature in a greenhouse is set to be 25 ℃. Other conditions were the same as in tests two, four and six.
After sowing for 25d, counting the seedling rate, recording the plant height and the stem thickness, weighing the weight of the root part and the weight of the overground part to calculate the strong seedling index, and obtaining the following data:
compared with data, the rice seedling bed soil prepared by the method has high seedling emergence rate, the average plant height is obviously higher than that of a control group, and seedlings are strong; the detection proves that the seedling bed soil prepared by the invention has high organic matter content and sufficient nutrient content, is suitable for rice seedling raising, has the operability and excellence proved by 3 concrete experiments, provides a novel, environment-friendly and low-cost treatment way for agricultural production wastes, cultivation wastes and waste cassava dregs and biogas residues generated by fermentation of biotechnology companies and rural biogas digesters, and is suitable for rice seedling raising in cold winter in northeast.
Claims (1)
1. A rice seedling bed soil prepared by utilizing microbial fermentation waste materials is characterized in that the rice seedling bed soil prepared by utilizing the microbial fermentation waste materials comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of animal waste, 1-3% of microbial strain liquid, 20-40% of agricultural production waste, 15-35% of microbial fermentation waste, 5-20% of nutritional agent, 5-10% of bentonite, 5-20% of boric acid and the balance of water;
the animal manure is one or a mixture of two of herbivore manure and non-herbivore manure; when the animal waste is a mixture of herbivore waste and non-herbivore waste, the mass of the herbivore waste is 15% -25% of the total mass of the rice seedling bed soil;
the microbial strain liquid comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 30% of bacillus subtilis liquid, 30% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid, 20% of bacillus polymyxa liquid, 10% of trichoderma viride liquid and 10% of chaetomium globosum liquid; the culture medium of the bacillus subtilis liquid is LB cultureThe concentration of Bacillus subtilis is 2X 1011CFU/g; the culture medium of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1 multiplied by 1011CFU/g; the culture medium of the bacillus polymyxa liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the bacillus polymyxa is 1 multiplied by 1011CFU/g; the culture medium of the trichoderma viride solution is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the trichoderma viride is 2 multiplied by 109CFU/g; the culture medium of the chaetomium globosum bacterial liquid is LB culture medium, and the concentration of the chaetomium globosum bacterial liquid is 3 multiplied by 109CFU/g；
The agricultural production waste is a mixture of rice hulls, straws and mushroom bran, wherein the mass ratio of the rice hulls to the straws to the mushroom bran is (10-20): (10-25): 5-10); the mushroom bran is one or a mixture of two of flammulina velutipes mushroom bran and pleurotus eryngii mushroom bran;
the microbial fermentation waste is a mixture consisting of fermented cassava residues and biogas residues, wherein the mass ratio of the fermented cassava residues to the biogas residues is (5-15) to (10-25);
the nutritional agent is a mixture of ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, diammonium phosphate, ferrous sulfate and potassium sulfate, wherein the mass ratio of the ammonium sulfate to the zinc sulfate to the sodium selenite to the ferrous sulfate to the diammonium phosphate to the potassium sulfate is (1-5): 0.05-2: (1-3): 1-5): 0.05-4);
the preparation method of the rice seedling bed soil prepared by utilizing the microbial fermentation waste materials comprises the following steps:
firstly, weighing raw materials: weighing the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-30% of animal waste, 1-3% of microbial strain liquid, 20-40% of agricultural production waste, 15-35% of microbial fermentation waste, 5-20% of nutritional agent, 5-10% of bentonite and 5-20% of boric acid; the agricultural production waste is a mixture of rice hulls, straws and mushroom bran, wherein the mass ratio of the rice hulls to the straws to the mushroom bran is (10-20): (10-25): 5-10);
secondly, preparing agricultural production waste: putting the rice hulls weighed in the first step into water at the temperature of 60-65 ℃ for boiling for 10-15 min, then drying, and crushing to obtain powder with the particle size of 2-3 mm; crushing the straws and the mushroom bran weighed in the step one to the particle size of 2-3 mm;
thirdly, mixing the microbial fermentation waste and the animal manure weighed in the first step into bentonite, uniformly stirring, adding the rice hulls, the straws and the fungus chaff crushed in the second step, and uniformly mixing;
dissolving the nutrient weighed in the step one in water to obtain nutrient solution; adding the nutrient solution and the microbial strain solution weighed in the first step into the product obtained in the third step, stirring uniformly to form a stack, adding water into the stack until the stack is saturated, then uniformly and horizontally inserting a plurality of bamboo poles into the stack, uniformly and vertically inserting a plurality of thermometers into the stack, covering a plastic film, and starting stacking and fermenting;
secondly, opening the plastic film when the temperature of the piled materials is raised to 55 ℃, turning the piled materials once by using bamboo poles so as to reduce the temperature, spraying water until the piled materials are saturated, re-inserting the bamboo poles, and covering the plastic film;
thirdly, repeating the operation of the second step till the temperature of the piled materials is maintained at 40-50 ℃, opening the plastic film, flattening the piled bodies, and naturally cooling;
fifthly, when the temperature of the pile is reduced to 25-35 ℃, adding the boric acid weighed in the first step, and naturally cooling to 22-28 ℃ to obtain the rice seedling bed soil.
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| CN107698385A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-02-16 | 南京百世维康信息科技有限公司 | A kind of organic culture substrate and its transformation salt-soda soil, the method for planting black fruit fructus lycii |
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| CN106187574A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-12-07 | 哈尔滨尼亚农业有限公司 | A kind of soil conditioner increasing temperature and preparation method |
| CN109156311A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-08 | 莫坤秀 | The rice soilless breeding seeding matrix and preparation method thereof of seedling quality can be improved |
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