CN110447766B - 一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料 - Google Patents
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量份原料组成：鸡多维15‑30份、禽矿70‑90份、50％氯化胆碱130‑220份、球必杀40‑60份、露保细盐80‑120份、玉米芯粉440‑620份、添加剂20‑100份，基础饲粮90000‑110000份；本发明在基础饲粮中同时以矢车菊黄酮提取物、灵芝粉、益长素和肉桂醛等作为添加剂的预混料替代抗生素可提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、肠道健康、血清中各项指标活性、肝脏中各项指标活性和基因表达水平，最终提高了黄羽肉鸡的肉质和免疫功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及畜禽养殖技术领域，具体的涉及一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料。
背景技术
近年来，我国黄羽肉鸡的生产得到了迅猛发展，产量每年以约15％的速度增长。黄羽肉鸡因其优良的肉质倍受消费者欢迎，但国内优质黄羽肉鸡育种一直以生产性能和其它商品性状(羽色、肤色等)作为选择性状，其结果是生产性能大幅度提高，肉品质却不断下降，且由于多种原因亦导致鸡的各种疾病不断发生，并越来越复杂。
随着养殖业的发展，饲料的应用越来越广泛。现有的常规饲料添加激素类、抗生素类在促进畜禽生长，增加体重方面作用显著，但是容易在畜禽体内残留，人食用后会造成不良影响，给人类的健康带来损害。使用常规饲料喂养的畜禽，虽然在短期内能够迅速生长，增加养殖户的经济效益，但是，这种畜禽的肉质不好，口感较差。
肉品质性状特性包括嫩度、风味、多汁性、肉色、系水力等，决定了消费者对肉品的可接受性，其主要受肉品内在化学成分和组织结构，如化学组成和肌肉组织学特性等影响，同时与屠宰后肌肉代谢，如糖原酵解等特性相关。近年来，鸡肉品质调控研究受到了越来越多的关注，已经成了国际上研究的热点之一。许多研究者认为，通过科学配制饲粮和适宜饲养方式，或以饲粮形式添加外源改良肉质的活性物质均可达到提高鸡肉品质的目的。所以，通过营养调控的方式提高鸡肉品质，也是一条有效的、切实可行的途径。
因此，如何提供一种能够针对黄羽肉鸡提高肉质的鸡饲料是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量份原料组成：鸡多维15-30份、禽矿70-90份、50％氯化胆碱130-220份、球必杀40-60份、露保细盐80-120份、玉米芯粉440-620份、添加剂20-100份，基础饲粮90000-110000份。
进一步，上述提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量份原料组成：鸡多维23-28份、禽矿75-85份、50％氯化胆碱190-210份、球必杀45-55份、露保细盐90-110份、玉米芯粉450-530份、添加剂30-80份，基础饲粮98000-105000份。
优选的，上述提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量份原料组成：鸡多维25份、禽矿80份、50％氯化胆碱200份、球必杀50份、露保细盐100份、玉米芯粉485份、添加剂60份，基础饲粮99000份。
进一步，上述提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量份原料组成：鸡多维20-25份、禽矿75-85份、50％氯化胆碱130-180份、球必杀45-55份、露保细盐90-110份、玉米芯粉530-600份、添加剂30-80份，基础饲粮98000-105000份。
优选的，上述提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量份原料组成：鸡多维20份、禽矿80份、50％氯化胆碱150份、球必杀50份、露保细盐100份、玉米芯粉540份、添加剂60份，基础饲粮99000份。
进一步，上述添加剂为速大肥、矢车菊黄酮提取物、灵芝粉、益长素、肉桂醛中的一种。
进一步，上述基础饲粮由以下重量份数原料组成：玉米60000-67000份、DDGS1500-2700份、水解羽毛粉1600-2000份、大豆粕18000-25000份、花生粕3800-4600份、大豆油800-2300份、赖氨酸盐酸盐120-230份、DL-蛋氨酸110-180份、石粉1100-1300份、磷酸氢钙1500-1950份、食盐260-320份。
采用上述进一步的有益效果在于，上述配比的基础饲粮可以为黄羽肉鸡的生长提供日常所需的各种营养物质，促进黄羽肉鸡的生长，同时辅助改善黄羽鸡的肉质；
其中，玉米具有很高的营养价值，富含脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物、粗纤维、钙、铁、磷、尼克酸、核黄素等，是基础饲粮中的主要营养物质。
DDGS为干酒糟及其可溶物，是必需脂肪酸、亚油酸的优秀来源。
羽毛粉蛋白质含量可高达80％，氨基酸组份比较齐全，除赖氨酸、蛋氨酸低于进口鱼粉外，其余微量元素均高于鱼粉，而且胱氨酸的含量居所有天然饲料之首，是很好的蛋白质饲料资源。
大豆粕可为黄羽肉鸡提供植物性蛋白和氨基酸,而且其中必需氨基酸的组成比例较好。
花生粕是一类高蛋白低脂肪、黄酮含量也非常高的食品资源，氨基酸含量丰富,共有18种氨基酸,而且必需氨基酸种类齐全、含量高，适口性好。
大豆油可为黄羽肉鸡提供多种宝贵的营养成分，尤其是棕榈酸、油酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、花生酸、亚麻酸等。
赖氨酸盐酸盐的主要成分赖氨酸是人类和哺乳动物的必需氨基酸之一，能够促进黄羽肉鸡生长发育、增强机体免疫力、抗病毒、促进脂肪氧化等。
DL-蛋氨酸用作饲料的营养强化剂和弥补氨基酸平衡的饲料添加剂，能够有效缓解黄羽肉鸡发育不良、体重减轻、肝肾功能减弱、肌肉萎缩、毛皮变质等疾病的发生。
石粉用于增加黄羽肉鸡的钙质吸收，帮助发育，以及辅助消化。
磷酸氢钙用作黄羽肉鸡的辅助饲料，能促使饲料消化、体重增加，以增加产肉量，同时还可治疗佝偻病、软骨病、贫血症等。
食盐用作基础饲粮的调味品，也是黄羽肉鸡生长过程中不可缺少的物质。
进一步，上述基础饲粮由以下重量份数原料组成：玉米60000-63000份、DDGS1500-2000份、水解羽毛粉1800-2000份、大豆粕22000-25000份、花生粕4200-4600份、大豆油800-1600份、赖氨酸盐酸盐120-180份、DL-蛋氨酸150-180份、石粉1200-1300份、磷酸氢钙1700-1950份、食盐280-305份。
优选的，上述基础饲粮由以下重量份数原料组成：玉米62260份、
DDGS1690份、水解羽毛粉1950份、大豆粕24000份、花生粕4420份、大豆油940份、赖氨酸盐酸盐146份、DL-蛋氨酸168份、石粉1256份、磷酸氢钙1870份、食盐300份。
进一步，上述基础饲粮由以下重量份数原料组成：玉米63000-67000份、DDGS2100-2700份、水解羽毛粉1600-1800份、大豆粕18000-22000份、花生粕3800-4200份、大豆油1600-2300份、赖氨酸盐酸盐180-230份、DL-蛋氨酸110-150份、石粉1100-1200份、磷酸氢钙1500-1700份、食盐280-305份。
优选的，上述基础饲粮由以下重量份数原料组成：玉米65450份、DDGS2600份、水解羽毛粉1700份、大豆粕19600份、花生粕4000份、大豆油2200份、赖氨酸盐酸盐216份、DL-蛋氨酸134份、石粉1190份、磷酸氢钙1600份、食盐300份。
与现有技术相比本发明的有益技术效果在于：本发明在基础饲粮中同时添加矢车菊黄酮提取物、灵芝粉、益长素和肉桂醛等预混料替代抗生素可提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数、肠道健康、血清中各项指标活性、肝脏中各项指标活性和基因表达水平，最终提高了黄羽肉鸡的肉质和免疫功能。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维25g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱200g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉545g，玉米62260g、DDGS1690g、水解羽毛粉1950g、大豆粕24000g、花生粕4420g、大豆油940g、赖氨酸盐酸盐146g、DL-蛋氨酸168g、石粉1256g、磷酸氢钙1870g、食盐300g。
实施例2
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维25g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱200g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉5440g、速大肥1g，玉米62260g、DDGS1690g、水解羽毛粉1950g、大豆粕24000g、花生粕4420g、大豆油940g、赖氨酸盐酸盐146g、DL-蛋氨酸168g、石粉1256g、磷酸氢钙1870g、食盐300g。
实施例3
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维25g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱200g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉505g、矢车菊黄酮提取物40g，玉米62260g、DDGS1690g、水解羽毛粉1950g、大豆粕24000g、花生粕4420g、大豆油940g、赖氨酸盐酸盐146g、DL-蛋氨酸168g、石粉1256g、磷酸氢钙1870g、食盐300g。
实施例4
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维25g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱200g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉465g、矢车菊黄酮提取物80g，玉米62260g、DDGS1690g、水解羽毛粉1950g、大豆粕24000g、花生粕4420g、大豆油940g、赖氨酸盐酸盐146g、DL-蛋氨酸168g、石粉1256g、磷酸氢钙1870g、食盐300g。
实施例5
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维25g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱200g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉515g、灵芝粉30g，玉米62260g、DDGS1690g、水解羽毛粉1950g、大豆粕24000g、花生粕4420g、大豆油940g、赖氨酸盐酸盐146g、DL-蛋氨酸168g、石粉1256g、磷酸氢钙1870g、食盐300g。
实施例6
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维25g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱200g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉485g、灵芝粉60g，玉米62260g、DDGS1690g、水解羽毛粉1950g、大豆粕24000g、花生粕4420g、大豆油940g、赖氨酸盐酸盐146g、DL-蛋氨酸168g、石粉1256g、磷酸氢钙1870g、食盐300g。
实施例7
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维25g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱200g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉515g、益长素30g，玉米62260g、DDGS1690g、水解羽毛粉1950g、大豆粕24000g、花生粕4420g、大豆油940g、赖氨酸盐酸盐146g、DL-蛋氨酸168g、石粉1256g、磷酸氢钙1870g、食盐300g。
实施例8
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维25g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱200g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉515g、肉桂醛30g，玉米62260g、DDGS1690g、水解羽毛粉1950g、大豆粕24000g、花生粕4420g、大豆油940g、赖氨酸盐酸盐146g、DL-蛋氨酸168g、石粉1256g、磷酸氢钙1870g、食盐300g。
实施例9
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维20g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱150g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉600g，玉米65450g、DDGS2600g、水解羽毛粉1700g、大豆粕19600g、花生粕4000g、大豆油2200g、赖氨酸盐酸盐216g、DL-蛋氨酸134g、石粉1190g、磷酸氢钙1600g、食盐300g。
实施例10
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维20g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱150g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉599g、速大肥1g，玉米65450g、DDGS2600g、水解羽毛粉1700g、大豆粕19600g、花生粕4000g、大豆油2200g、赖氨酸盐酸盐216g、DL-蛋氨酸134g、石粉1190g、磷酸氢钙1600g、食盐300g。
实施例11
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维20g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱150g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉560g、矢车菊黄酮提取物40g，玉米65450g、DDGS2600g、水解羽毛粉1700g、大豆粕19600g、花生粕4000g、大豆油2200g、赖氨酸盐酸盐216g、DL-蛋氨酸134g、石粉1190g、磷酸氢钙1600g、食盐300g。
实施例12
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维20g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱150g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉520g、矢车菊黄酮提取物80g，玉米65450g、DDGS2600g、水解羽毛粉1700g、大豆粕19600g、花生粕4000g、大豆油2200g、赖氨酸盐酸盐216g、DL-蛋氨酸134g、石粉1190g、磷酸氢钙1600g、食盐300g。
实施例13
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维20g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱150g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉570g、灵芝粉30g，玉米65450g、DDGS2600g、水解羽毛粉1700g、大豆粕19600g、花生粕4000g、大豆油2200g、赖氨酸盐酸盐216g、DL-蛋氨酸134g、石粉1190g、磷酸氢钙1600g、食盐300g。
实施例14
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维20g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱150g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉540g、灵芝粉60g，玉米65450g、DDGS2600g、水解羽毛粉1700g、大豆粕19600g、花生粕4000g、大豆油2200g、赖氨酸盐酸盐216g、DL-蛋氨酸134g、石粉1190g、磷酸氢钙1600g、食盐300g。
实施例15
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维20g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱150g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉570g、益长素30g，玉米65450g、DDGS2600g、水解羽毛粉1700g、大豆粕19600g、花生粕4000g、大豆油2200g、赖氨酸盐酸盐216g、DL-蛋氨酸134g、石粉1190g、磷酸氢钙1600g、食盐300g。
实施例16
一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，由以下重量g原料组成：鸡多维20g、禽矿80g、50％氯化胆碱150g、球必杀50g、露保细盐100g、玉米芯粉570g、肉桂醛30g，玉米65450g、DDGS2600g、水解羽毛粉1700g、大豆粕19600g、花生粕4000g、大豆油2200g、赖氨酸盐酸盐216g、DL-蛋氨酸134g、石粉1190g、磷酸氢钙1600g、食盐300g。
性能测试
一、基础饲粮营养水平检测
实施例1-16基础饲粮原料配比及营养水平见表1。
表1实施例1-16基础饲粮原料配比及营养水平表
表1中基础饲粮组成根据《中国饲料成分及营养价值表(15版)》设计饲料配方，基础饲粮营养水平参考我国《鸡饲养标准》(NY/T33-2004)，为快速型商品鸡正常生长的营养需要。
二、实验效果
试验采用单因素随机分组试验设计，选用384只1日龄快大型岭南黄羽肉公鸡作为试验鸡，根据体重一致原则分为8个处理组，每个处理6个重复，每个重复8只鸡。具体分为：①对照组、②抗生素组、③矢车菊黄酮提取物400mg/kg组、④矢车菊黄酮提取物800mg/kg组、⑤灵芝粉300mg/kg组、⑥灵芝粉600mg/kg组、⑦益长素300mg/kg组、⑧肉桂醛300mg/kg组。
试验期45天。饲养试验在广东省农业科学院畜牧研究所动物营养研究室试验场进行，采用笼养。各处理的饲养管理和环境条件一致，试鸡自由采食颗粒料、自由饮水，按照常规饲养操作规程和免疫程序进行饲养和免疫。试验期45天，每天记录8：00和14：30的温度、湿度，天气情况、最高、最低温度。
试验分两个阶段1-21日龄(各组均按顺序饲喂实施例1-8中的饲粮，预混料配方如表2所示，单位为g)，22-45日龄(各组均按顺序饲喂实施例9-16中的饲粮，预混料配方如表3所示，单位为g)。
数据处理与统计分析：数据采用SPSS21.0统计软件中one-wayANOVA进行单因素方差分析，差异显著性进行Duncan氏法多重比较，以P<0.05作为差异显著性判断标准。
表2 1-21日龄阶段1％预混料配方
表3 22-45日龄阶段1％预混料配方
1、生长性能测定
在试验开始和每阶段结束时(21、45日龄)结束前一天晚17：00断料供水，于次日清晨以重复为单位称鸡空腹重、结料，准确记录给料量和剩料量，统计试鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比。试验每日观察鸡只健康状况、精神状态、采食、粪便颜色等情况，记录死亡数，及时对残次、死亡鸡及其所在栏剩料量进行称重，并淘汰。结果见表4。
表4生长性能测试结果
由表4可见，与抗生素组对比，饲料添加灵芝粉600mg/kg组和益长素300mg/kg组显著提高了试验鸡21日龄体重(分别增长3.08％、2.98％)、平均日增重为3.42％和3.27％，降低了料重比，添加灵芝粉600mg/kg与空白对照组和抗生素组对比，显著提高了45日齡体重(增长率为3.51％和1.72％)和采食量，降低了死亡率。
2、血液生化指标测定
每阶段结束时测血浆中尿酸、MDA、IgA、IFN-γ、IL-6、iNOS、T-SOD、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶ALT、碱性磷酸酶AKP活性。
血浆尿酸、MDA、IgA、IFN-γ、IL-6、iNOS、T-SOD、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶ALT、碱性磷酸酶AKP活性的测定均在多功能酶标仪(SpectraMaxM-5，MolecularDevices公司，美国)上进行。IgA、IFN-γ、IL-6的检测试剂盒由北京方程生物科技有限公司提供，其他试剂盒由南京建成生物有限公司提供，检测方法和结果计算按仪器说明书进行。测试结果见表5。
表5血液生化指标测试结果
由表5可见，添加灵芝粉和益长素显著提高了试验鸡血液中TSOD活性、IgA、IL-6水平和空肠中i-NOS活性。
3、肝脏生化指标测定
每阶段结束时取肝脏组织样用于测定其中T-SOD、谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)、AKP、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)活性。
肝脏组织中T-SOD、谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)、AKP、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)活性的测定均在多功能酶标仪(SpectraMaxM-5，MolecularDevices公司，美国)上进行。检测试剂盒购自南京建成生物有限公司，检测方法和结果计算按试剂盒说明书进行。测试结果见表6。
表6肝脏生化指标测定结果
4、器官指数测试
在21日龄的鸡中每个组重复选取2只接近平均体重的试验鸡剖摘脾脏、法氏囊、胸腺称重，计算免疫器官指数。剖摘腺胃、肌胃称重，并拍照观测。将剖摘的胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊、肝脏、腺胃、肌胃称重，计算各自重量占宰前空腹活鸡重量的百分率，得到各免疫器官指数。实验结果见表7。
表7 21日龄免疫器官指数测试结果
5、肠道指标测定
21日龄试验鸡采血后，屠宰分离肠道组织，待测以下指标。
5.1、肠道生化指标检测
测试肠道MDA含量、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)、INOS、T-SOD、Ca-ATP酶活性
空肠粘膜组织中MDA含量、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)、INOS、T-SOD、Ca-ATP酶活性的测定均在多功能酶标仪(SpectraMaxM-5，MolecularDevices公司，美国)上进行。检测试剂盒购自南京建成生物有限公司，检测方法和结果计算按试剂盒说明书进行。实验结果见表8。
表8肠道生化指标检测结果
5.3、肠道形态结构观察
(1)形态结构观察：取空肠中部2cm肠段2份，用4％甲醛溶液固定24h；制作切片进行HE和PAS组化染色用光镜观察肠粘膜形态结构，测定绒毛高度和隐窝深度，计算绒毛高度和隐窝深度比值。实验结果见表9。
表9空肠粘膜结构
由表7可见，与抗生素组对比，饲料添加灵芝粉600mg/kg组提高了空肠粘膜绒毛高度。
5、肉质指标测试
在45日龄每个重复随机选取体重相近的2只鸡，取胸大肌测定pH值、滴水损失率、肉色、剪切力。肌肉生化指标：测定胸肌中肌苷酸、腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶ADSL、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶等的mRNA水平。
在45日龄时，每重复选接近平均体重试鸡2只，将两侧无皮无骨的胸肌完整剥离，去除胸肌周围的脂肪组织等，测定胸肌、pH值、肉色、嫩度和滴水损失。实验结果见表10。
肉色测定：于屠宰后45min，用色差仪(CR-410型，美能达公司，日本)分别测定其亮度L*、红度a*和黄度b*值。每个胸肌样品选择3个位置，取3点所测值的平均值。
pH值测定：于屠宰后24h测定胸肌pH，用pH计(HI8424型，北京Hanna仪器科学技术有限公司，北京)对每个胸肌样品选择3个位置检测，然后取平均值。
滴水损失率测试：从每个胸肌样品上取一块2.0g的肌肉，称重并记录，然后悬挂吊在吹气袋中，4℃下储存，24h后称量滴水后重，然后按以下公式进行计算。
滴水损失率(％)＝(滴水前肌肉重量-滴水后肌肉重量)/滴水前肌肉重量*100。
表10胸肌品质测试结果
由表10可见，添加灵芝粉显著提高了45日龄试验鸡胸肌中肌苷酸含量(+14.26％、+27.895)，与抗生素组比较，添加矢车菊黄酮提取物、灵芝粉、益长素和肉桂醛均降低了宰后胸肌滴水损失率。
6、胸肌感官品尝评分测定
风味品尝方法：将每只试验鸡胸肌(45日龄)切成块状放入一个小碗内，用锡箔纸包好，贴上相应标签(供品尝的鸡肉全部采用数字编号，隐去样品编号)，放入大锅蒸10分钟，取出。邀请12位各年龄阶段、不同性别的成员担任评委进行肌肉品尝，品鉴项目包括：观品色、闻香味、品口感、嚼嫩度和尝鲜味5项内容。各样品品尝间隔采用清水漱口。评分采用5级，优(极强)、良(较强)、中(适中)、次(较弱)、差(极弱)，分别给予5、4、3、2、1，每位评委独立打分。最后计算每块胸肌5个项目的各自平均值和总评分，进行统计分析。试验结果见表11。
表10感官品尝评分
由表11可见，各处理组胸肌感官品尝评分指标无显著差异。
7、胸肌中腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶ADSL、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶mRNA水平测定
采用Trizol一步法提取组织样的总RNA，按照TaKaRa公司反转录试剂盒PrimeScript TMRT reagentKit(RR047A)进行反转录，根据NCBI中Genbank提供的基因序列，使用Prime Premier 5.0软件对腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶ADSL、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶OGDC两个基因和一个内参基因β-actin进行引物序列设计，由上海生工生物工程有限公司广州分公司合成。以鸡胸肌cDNA为模板，依照相应的引物，参照表3中的反应体系，将各成分加到荧光定量PCR专用96孔板中。反应程序为：95℃预变性1min；95℃变性15sec，在基因特异性退火温度条件下退火15sec，72℃延伸40sec，40个循环。以β-actin作为内参，对获得的信号、数据进行处理，在确定各目的基因与内参基因扩增效率接近的基础上，采用△△Ct法来度量各基因的mRNA表达丰度，每个样品的平均Ct值减去对应样品的β-actin的平均Ct值，得到△Ct值，然后再以其中一个样本为参照，将每个△Ct值减去该样品的△Ct值即得到△△Ct值，最后计算平均相对表达量为2-△△Ct。
试验结果采用SPSS17.0进行方差分析，在差异显著的基础上采用Duncan氏法进行多重比较，显著水平为P＜0.05，结果用平均值±标准误表示。数据结果见表12。
表12胸肌肉中相关基因表达的影响
由表12可见，对比抗生素组，添加灵芝粉600mg/kg组胸肌中腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶ADSL基因表达水平显著提高(+33.6％)。与抗生素组对比，添加矢车菊黄酮提取物、灵芝粉和肉桂醛OGDC基因表达水平分别提高(+76.9％、+136.5％和+55.8％)。
Claims (5)
1.一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，其特征在于，由以下重量份原料组成：鸡多维15-30份、禽矿70-90份、50%氯化胆碱130-220份、球必杀40-60份、露保细盐80-120份、玉米芯粉440-620份、添加剂20-100份，基础饲粮90000-110000份；
所述添加剂为矢车菊黄酮提取物；
所述基础饲粮由以下重量份数原料组成：玉米60000-67000份、DDGS1500-2700份、水解羽毛粉1600-2000份、大豆粕18000-25000份、花生粕3800-4600份、大豆油800-2300份、赖氨酸盐酸盐120-230份、DL-蛋氨酸110-180份、石粉1100-1300份、磷酸氢钙1500-1950份、食盐260-320份。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，其特征在于，由以下重量份原料组成：鸡多维23-28份、禽矿75-85份、50%氯化胆碱190-210份、球必杀45-55份、露保细盐90-110份、玉米芯粉450-530份、添加剂30-80份，基础饲粮98000-105000份。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，其特征在于，由以下重量份原料组成：鸡多维15-23份、禽矿75-85份、50%氯化胆碱130-180份、球必杀45-55份、露保细盐90-110份、玉米芯粉530-600份、添加剂30-80份，基础饲粮98000-105000份。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述基础饲粮由以下重量份数原料组成：玉米60000-63000份、DDGS1500-2000份、水解羽毛粉1800-2000份、大豆粕22000-25000份、花生粕4200-4600份、大豆油800-1600份、赖氨酸盐酸盐120-180份、DL-蛋氨酸150-180份、石粉1200-1300份、磷酸氢钙1700-1950份、食盐280-305份。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种提高肉质的黄羽肉鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述基础饲粮由以下重量份数原料组成：玉米63000-67000份、DDGS2100-2700份、水解羽毛粉1600-1800份、大豆粕18000-22000份、花生粕3800-4200份、大豆油1600-2300份、赖氨酸盐酸盐180-230份、DL-蛋氨酸110-150份、石粉1100-1200份、磷酸氢钙1500-1700份、食盐280-305份。
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