CN110447493A - A kind of method improving peanut yield and the peanut cultivation method using this method - Google Patents
A kind of method improving peanut yield and the peanut cultivation method using this method Download PDFInfo
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- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title abstract 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 136
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- FCBUKWWQSZQDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhamnolipid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(CC(O)=O)OC(=O)CC(CCCCCCC)OC1OC(C)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 FCBUKWWQSZQDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 16
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960001781 ferrous sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000003454 tympanic membrane Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000272814 Anser sp. Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000272201 Columbiformes Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000235646 Cyberlindnera jadinii Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000194105 Paenibacillus polymyxa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001085826 Sporotrichum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000187747 Streptomyces Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021231 nutrient uptake Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003715 nutritional status Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for improving peanut yield and using the peanut cultivation method of this method, belong to agricultural plantation technology field.The present invention improves the comprehensive fertilizing method of three steps in the method for peanut yield using " bear pods base manure-knit stitch top dressing-spray fertilizer ", is designed for the nutrient uptake feature of the different stages of growth of peanut；It may advantageously facilitate maximally utilizing for fertilizer.The implantation methods of raising peanut yield of the invention can dramatically increase soil fertility, reduce peanut disease, improve peanut yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving peanut yield and a peanut planting method using the method.
Background
The peanuts are one of the important oil crops in China, China is a big country for peanut planting, and meanwhile, the export of the peanuts is also a big country, so that the peanut planting method has a large-scale planting base. Firstly, peanuts are continuously planted all the year round, so that microbial communities in soil are unstable, nutrient components in the soil are unbalanced, and the peanuts are easy to get ill; secondly, in order to improve the peanut yield and increase the use of pesticides and fertilizers, a plurality of growers use a single chemical fertilizer, so that the nutrient proportion in soil is unbalanced, the nutrient structure is poor, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, and the growth demand of peanuts is difficult to meet; thirdly, peanuts are planted in successive years, pathogenic bacteria remain in soil, and the disease of the peanuts is more serious all year round, so that the yield of the peanuts is influenced.
Biochar is a carbon-containing substance produced by burning or pyrolyzing an organic waste biomass raw material under an anoxic condition, and has a loose porous structure, a high surface area and unique physicochemical properties. Currently, biochar applied to soil has multiple effects of improving soil carbon sink, increasing soil organic matter/humus content, improving soil pH value and the like, so that biochar can be used as a soil conditioner and an acidification modifier. At present, due to the fact that the varieties of biochar are various, the application effects of the biochar are also different remarkably, and the biochar also has the problem of applicability to different crops; in addition, although more technologies and equipment for preparing the biochar are reported at present, the production cost of the biochar is high, so that the popularization and the application of the biochar are limited.
In view of the advantages of biochar, a new idea is provided for a peanut high-yield cultivation method in order to expand the application field of biochar, and therefore a planting method for improving peanut yield by using biochar is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the yield of peanuts and a peanut planting method using the method; the method for improving the peanut yield adopts the novel biochar fertilizer, so that the peanut yield can be improved, and the application field of biochar can be widened.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for increasing peanut yield, comprising the steps of:
when peanuts are sowed, mixing a fertilizer A, a fertilizer B and a fertilizer C according to the mass ratio of 47-58.5: 2.2-9.5: 0.8-2, and applying 50-70 kg of the mixed fertilizer per mu as a base fertilizer;
in the peanut sowing period, mixing the fertilizer B and the fertilizer C according to the mass ratio of 12.5-16.67: 2.5-3.33, and applying 15-20 kg per mu;
applying a fertilizer C in the pod bearing period of the peanuts, adding water according to a ratio of 1: 500-1000, spraying on leaf surfaces, and performing additional spraying once after 10-15 days;
wherein,
the fertilizer A is formed by mixing a peanut shell biochar fertilizer and diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) in a mass ratio of 8-12: 1;
the fertilizer B is 35-45% of hydrated lime, 4-6% of boric acid, 4-6% of ammonium molybdate, 4-6% of zinc sulfate, 8-15% of potassium fulvate and the balance of diatomite;
the fertilizer C is formed by mixing manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid and rhamnolipid according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5: 1.5.
On the basis of the scheme, the peanut shell biochar fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
crushing peanut shells, sieving the crushed peanut shells by using a 10-mesh sieve, and adding urea, wherein the adding amount of the urea is 5-10% of the mass of the peanut shells; uniformly stirring, placing in a carbonization furnace, heating to 600-800 ℃ at a speed of 25 ℃/min, and performing high-temperature anoxic pyrolysis for 1-2 hours to obtain modified peanut shell biochar;
mixing the prepared modified peanut shell biochar with livestock and poultry organic manure according to the mass ratio of 2-3: 1, adjusting the moisture content to 50-55%, and adding 0.2 per mill of zymophyte; fermenting the compost for 10-15 days, and turning the compost when the temperature of the compost exceeds 60 ℃ in the period; after fermentation, drying, crushing and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve.
On the basis of the scheme, the fermentation inoculant is formed by mixing bacillus, candida utilis, streptomyces and lateral thermophilic sporotrichum according to the ratio of 1: 2: 1: 3;
on the basis of the scheme, the effective viable count in the fermentation inoculum is more than or equal to 109CFU/g；
On the basis of the scheme, the bacillus is at least two of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and paenibacillus polymyxa;
on the basis of the scheme, the livestock and poultry organic manure is at least one of horse manure, pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, duck manure, goose manure and pigeon manure.
A high-yield peanut planting method comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and fertilization
Soil is turned and prepared, soil blocks are eliminated, 50-70 kg of base fertilizer is applied to each mu of soil while the soil is turned and prepared, and the soil is loosened from top to bottom;
after soil is turned, harrowing and ridging, wherein the ridge distance is 36-40 cm, the ridge height is 20-22 cm, and the ridge width is 14-16 cm;
2) seeding
Selecting large and regular peanut kernels with full seeds and good color, and removing mildewed, shrunken and mechanically damaged kernels;
sowing with the sowing depth of 3-5 cm and 2 seeds per hole of 8000-10000 holes/mu when the temperature reaches above 12 ℃ and the maximum water holding capacity of the soil is 60-70%; film mulching after sowing;
when the peanuts are pushed to the eardrum, opening holes and releasing the seedlings, wherein the seedling releasing time is finished before nine am, and covering soil in time after the seedlings are released;
3) additional fertilizer for growth period
The peanut seeding period: when 50% of plants start to flower, additional fertilizer is applied to 18 kg/mu, and the additional fertilizer is sowed in furrows;
and (3) peanut pod bearing period: topdressing a leaf fertilizer, adding water according to the ratio of 1: 500-1000, spraying on leaf surfaces, and performing additional spraying once in 10-15 days;
4) management of field
Normally weeding, irrigating and harvesting at proper time;
the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing a fertilizer A, a fertilizer B and a fertilizer C according to the mass ratio of 47-58.5: 2.2-9.5: 0.8-2;
the additional fertilizer for the peanut sowing period is to mix the fertilizer B and the fertilizer C according to the mass ratio of 12.5-16.67: 2.5-3.33;
the foliar fertilizer in the pod bearing period is fertilizer C;
wherein,
the fertilizer A is formed by mixing a peanut shell biochar fertilizer and diammonium phosphate (18-46-0) in a mass ratio of 8-12: 1;
the fertilizer B is 35-45% of hydrated lime, 4-6% of boric acid, 4-6% of ammonium molybdate, 4-6% of zinc sulfate, 8-15% of potassium fulvate and the balance of diatomite;
the fertilizer C is formed by mixing manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid and rhamnolipid according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5: 1.5.
The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages
The planting method for improving the peanut yield can obviously improve the soil fertility, reduce the peanut diseases and improve the peanut yield.
The planting method of the invention adopts a three-step comprehensive fertilization method of 'base fertilizer, needle-inserting topdressing and pod-forming fertilizer spraying', and is designed aiming at the fertilizer requirement characteristics of peanuts in different growth stages; is beneficial to promoting the maximum utilization of the fertilizer. The novel biochar component is added into the base fertilizer, so that the soil tissue structure is improved, heavy metal and pesticide residues in the soil are adsorbed, a good carrier is provided for the growth of soil probiotics, and the soil fertility is increased.
The method adopts the peanut shell biochar fertilizer, can accelerate the conversion and utilization of resources, has small using amount and obvious effect, reduces the using amount of biochar, reduces the peanut planting cost, and is more favorable for the application of novel biochar in the field of crop planting. The invention adopts peanut shells to prepare the biochar fertilizer, better accords with the growth characteristics of peanuts, not only serves as a carrier of probiotics and a fertilizer slow-release matrix, but also can prevent nutrient antagonism and play a role in improving soil.
The absorption of calcium element is large in the next stage of peanuts, and trace elements are sprayed in the pod bearing stage, so that the full peanut is promoted; the rhamnolipid is beneficial to promoting the absorption and transportation of trace elements by leaves; in the peanut planting method, the fertilizer components interact and promote each other; comprehensively improve the peanut yield from multiple aspects.
Detailed Description
Terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following data in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
The peanut shell biochar fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
(1) crushing peanut shells, sieving the crushed peanut shells by using a 10-mesh sieve, and adding urea, wherein the adding amount of the urea is 5-10% of the mass of the peanut shells; uniformly stirring, placing in a carbonization furnace, heating to 600-800 ℃ at a speed of 25 ℃/min, and performing high-temperature anoxic pyrolysis for 1-2 hours to obtain modified peanut shell biochar;
(2) mixing the prepared modified peanut shell biochar with livestock and poultry organic manure according to the mass ratio of 2-3: 1, adjusting the moisture content to 50-55%, and adding 0.2 per mill of zymophyte; fermenting the compost for 10-15 days, and turning the compost when the temperature of the compost exceeds 60 ℃ in the period; after fermentation, drying, crushing and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve.
The zymophyte agent is formed by mixing bacillus, candida utilis, streptomyces and lateral thermophilic sporotrichum according to the ratio of 1: 2: 1: 3;
the effective viable count in the fermentation inoculum is more than or equal to 109CFU/g；
The bacillus is the equal amount mixture of at least two of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and paenibacillus polymyxa;
the livestock and poultry organic manure is at least one of horse manure, pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, duck manure, goose manure and pigeon manure.
Comparative example 1
The peanut shell biological fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
(1) crushing peanut shells, sieving the crushed peanut shells by a 10-mesh sieve, and adding urea, wherein the adding amount of the urea is 10% of the mass of the peanut shells; stirring uniformly;
(2) mixing the prepared urea peanut shell mixture with livestock and poultry organic manure according to the mass ratio of 3: 1 to obtain the peanut shell biological fertilizer.
Example 2
A high-yield peanut planting method comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and fertilization
Turning and leveling the soil, eliminating soil blocks, and applying 56kg of base fertilizer per mu while turning and leveling so as to loosen and loosen the soil;
the base fertilizer (56kg) consists of the following components: 45kg of the peanut shell biochar fertilizer prepared in the example 1, 5kg of diammonium phosphate (18-46-0), 2kg of slaked lime, 0.25kg of boric acid, 0.25kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.25kg of zinc sulfate, 0.6kg of potassium fulvate, 1.65kg of diatomite, 0.25kg of manganese sulfate, 0.25kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.125kg of ascorbic acid and 0.375kg of rhamnolipid;
after soil is turned, harrowing and ridging, wherein the ridge distance is 36-40 cm, the ridge height is 20-22 cm, and the ridge width is 14-16 cm;
(2) seeding
Selecting large and regular peanut kernels with full seeds and good color, and removing mildewed, shrunken and mechanically damaged kernels;
sowing with the sowing depth of 3-5 cm and 2 seeds per hole of 8000-10000 holes/mu when the temperature reaches above 12 ℃ and the maximum water holding capacity of the soil is 60-70%; film mulching after sowing;
when the peanuts are pushed to the eardrum, opening holes and releasing the seedlings, wherein the seedling releasing time is finished before nine am, and covering soil in time after the seedlings are released;
(3) additional fertilizer for growth period
The peanut seeding period: when 50% of plants start to flower, additional fertilizer is applied to 18 kg/mu, and the additional fertilizer is sowed in furrows;
the fertilizer applied here comprises the following components:
6kg of slaked lime, 0.75kg of boric acid, 0.75kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.75kg of zinc sulfate, 1.8kg of potassium fulvate, 4.95kg of diatomite, 0.75kg of manganese sulfate, 0.75kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.375kg of ascorbic acid and 1.125kg of rhamnolipid;
and (3) peanut pod bearing period: topdressing a leaf fertilizer, adding water according to the ratio of 1: 500-1000, spraying on leaf surfaces, and performing additional spraying once in 10-15 days according to conditions; the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid and rhamnolipid according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5: 1.5.
(4) Management of field
Normal weeding, irrigation and timely harvest.
Comparative example 2
A high-yield peanut planting method comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and fertilization
Turning and leveling the soil, eliminating soil blocks, and applying 56kg of base fertilizer per mu while turning and leveling so as to loosen and loosen the soil;
the base fertilizer (56kg) consists of the following components: 45kg of peanut shell biological fertilizer prepared in comparative example 1, 5kg of diammonium phosphate (18-46-0), 2kg of hydrated lime, 0.25kg of boric acid, 0.25kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.25kg of zinc sulfate, 0.6kg of potassium fulvate, 1.65kg of kieselguhr, 0.25kg of manganese sulfate, 0.25kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.125kg of ascorbic acid and 0.375kg of rhamnolipid;
after soil is turned, harrowing and ridging, wherein the ridge distance is 36-40 cm, the ridge height is 20-22 cm, and the ridge width is 14-16 cm;
(2) seeding
Selecting large and regular peanut kernels with full seeds and good color, and removing mildewed, shrunken and mechanically damaged kernels;
sowing with the sowing depth of 3-5 cm and 2 seeds per hole of 8000-10000 holes/mu when the temperature reaches above 12 ℃ and the maximum water holding capacity of the soil is 60-70%; film mulching after sowing;
when the peanuts are pushed to the eardrum, opening holes and releasing the seedlings, wherein the seedling releasing time is finished before nine am, and covering soil in time after the seedlings are released;
(3) additional fertilizer for growth period
The peanut seeding period: when 50% of plants start to flower, additional fertilizer is applied to 18 kg/mu, and the additional fertilizer is sowed in furrows;
the fertilizer applied here comprises the following components:
6kg of slaked lime, 0.75kg of boric acid, 0.75kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.75kg of zinc sulfate, 1.8kg of potassium fulvate, 4.95kg of diatomite, 0.75kg of manganese sulfate, 0.75kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.375kg of ascorbic acid and 1.125kg of rhamnolipid;
and (3) peanut pod bearing period: topdressing a leaf fertilizer, adding water according to the ratio of 1: 500-1000, spraying on leaf surfaces, and performing additional spraying once in 10-15 days according to conditions; the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid and rhamnolipid according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5: 1.5.
(4) Management of field
Normal weeding, irrigation and timely harvest.
Example 3
A high-yield peanut planting method comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and fertilization
Soil is turned and prepared, soil blocks are eliminated, 50kg of base fertilizer is applied to each mu of soil while the soil is turned and prepared, and the soil is loosened from top to bottom;
the base fertilizer (50kg) consists of the following components: 41.8kg of peanut shell biochar fertilizer prepared in example 1, 5.2kg of diammonium phosphate (18-46-0), 0.99kg of slaked lime, 0.132kg of boric acid, 0.132kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.132kg of zinc sulfate, 0.33kg of potassium fulvate, 0.484kg of diatomite, 0.2kg of manganese sulfate, 0.2kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.1kg of ascorbic acid and 0.3kg of rhamnolipid;
after soil is turned, harrowing and ridging, wherein the ridge distance is 36-40 cm, the ridge height is 20-22 cm, and the ridge width is 14-16 cm;
(2) seeding
Selecting large and regular peanut kernels with full seeds and good color, and removing mildewed, shrunken and mechanically damaged kernels;
sowing with the sowing depth of 3-5 cm and 2 seeds per hole of 8000-10000 holes/mu when the temperature reaches above 12 ℃ and the maximum water holding capacity of the soil is 60-70%; film mulching after sowing;
when the peanuts are pushed to the eardrum, opening holes and releasing the seedlings, wherein the seedling releasing time is finished before nine am, and covering soil in time after the seedlings are released;
(3) additional fertilizer for growth period
The peanut seeding period: when 50% of plants start to flower, topdressing 15 kg/mu, and sowing in furrows;
the fertilizer applied here comprises the following components:
5.625kg of hydrated lime, 0.75kg of boric acid, 0.75kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.75kg of zinc sulfate, 1.875kg of potassium fulvate, 2.75kg of diatomite, 0.625kg of manganese sulfate, 0.625kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.313kg of ascorbic acid and 0.937kg of rhamnolipid;
and (3) peanut pod bearing period: topdressing a leaf fertilizer, adding water according to the ratio of 1: 500-1000, spraying on leaf surfaces, and performing additional spraying once in 10-15 days according to conditions; the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid and rhamnolipid according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5: 1.5.
(4) Management of field
Normal weeding, irrigation and timely harvest.
Comparative example 3
A high-yield peanut planting method comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and fertilization
Soil is turned and prepared, soil blocks are eliminated, 50kg of base fertilizer is applied to each mu of soil while the soil is turned and prepared, and the soil is loosened from top to bottom;
the base fertilizer (50kg) consists of the following components: 41.8kg of peanut shell biochar fertilizer prepared in example 1, 5.2kg of diammonium phosphate (18-46-0), 0.99kg of slaked lime, 0.132kg of boric acid, 0.132kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.132kg of zinc sulfate, 0.33kg of potassium fulvate, 0.484kg of diatomite, 0.2kg of manganese sulfate, 0.2kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.1kg of ascorbic acid and 0.3kg of rhamnolipid;
after soil is turned, harrowing and ridging, wherein the ridge distance is 36-40 cm, the ridge height is 20-22 cm, and the ridge width is 14-16 cm;
(2) seeding
Selecting large and regular peanut kernels with full seeds and good color, and removing mildewed, shrunken and mechanically damaged kernels;
sowing with the sowing depth of 3-5 cm and 2 seeds per hole of 8000-10000 holes/mu when the temperature reaches above 12 ℃ and the maximum water holding capacity of the soil is 60-70%; film mulching after sowing;
when the peanuts are pushed to the eardrum, opening holes and releasing the seedlings, wherein the seedling releasing time is finished before nine am, and covering soil in time after the seedlings are released;
(3) additional fertilizer for growth period
The peanut seeding period: when 50% of plants start to flower, topdressing 12.5 kg/mu and sowing in furrows;
the fertilizer applied here comprises the following components:
5.625kg of hydrated lime, 0.75kg of boric acid, 0.75kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.75kg of zinc sulfate, 1.875kg of potassium fulvate and 2.75kg of diatomite;
and (3) peanut pod bearing period: topdressing a leaf fertilizer, adding water according to the ratio of 1: 500-1000, spraying on leaf surfaces, and performing additional spraying once in 10-15 days according to conditions; the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid and rhamnolipid according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5: 1.5.
(4) Management of field
Normal weeding, irrigation and timely harvest.
Example 4
A high-yield peanut planting method comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and fertilization
Soil is turned and prepared, soil blocks are eliminated, and 70kg of base fertilizer is applied to each mu of soil while the soil is turned and prepared, so that the soil is loosened from top to bottom;
the base fertilizer (70kg) consists of the following components: 54kg of peanut shell biochar fertilizer, 4.5kg of diammonium phosphate (18-46-0), 3.325kg of hydrated lime, 0.38kg of boric acid, 0.38kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.38kg of zinc sulfate, 0.76kg of potassium fulvate, 4.275kg of diatomite, 0.5kg of manganese sulfate, 0.5kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.25kg of ascorbic acid and 0.75kg of rhamnolipid;
after soil is turned, harrowing and ridging, wherein the ridge distance is 36-40 cm, the ridge height is 20-22 cm, and the ridge width is 14-16 cm;
(2) seeding
Selecting large and regular peanut kernels with full seeds and good color, and removing mildewed, shrunken and mechanically damaged kernels;
sowing with the sowing depth of 3-5 cm and 2 seeds per hole of 8000-10000 holes/mu when the temperature reaches above 12 ℃ and the maximum water holding capacity of the soil is 60-70%; film mulching after sowing;
when the peanuts are pushed to the eardrum, opening holes and releasing the seedlings, wherein the seedling releasing time is finished before nine am, and covering soil in time after the seedlings are released;
(3) additional fertilizer for growth period
The peanut seeding period: when 50% of plants start to flower, topdressing 20 kg/mu, and sowing in furrows;
the fertilizer applied here comprises the following components:
5.83kg of hydrated lime, 0.67kg of boric acid, 0.67kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.67kg of zinc sulfate, 1.33kg of potassium fulvate, 7.50kg of diatomite, 0.83kg of manganese sulfate, 0.83kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.42kg of ascorbic acid and 1.25kg of rhamnolipid;
and (3) peanut pod bearing period: topdressing a leaf fertilizer, adding water according to the ratio of 1: 500-1000, spraying on leaf surfaces, and performing additional spraying once in 10-15 days according to conditions; the foliar fertilizer is prepared by mixing manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid and rhamnolipid according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5: 1.5.
(4) Management of field
Normal weeding, irrigation and timely harvest.
Comparative example 4
A high-yield peanut planting method comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and fertilization
Soil is turned and prepared, soil blocks are eliminated, and 70kg of base fertilizer is applied to each mu of soil while the soil is turned and prepared, so that the soil is loosened from top to bottom;
the base fertilizer (70kg) consists of the following components: 54kg of peanut shell biochar fertilizer, 4.5kg of diammonium phosphate (18-46-0), 3.325kg of hydrated lime, 0.38kg of boric acid, 0.38kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.38kg of zinc sulfate, 0.76kg of potassium fulvate, 4.275kg of diatomite, 0.5kg of manganese sulfate, 0.5kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.25kg of ascorbic acid and 0.75kg of rhamnolipid;
after soil is turned, harrowing and ridging, wherein the ridge distance is 36-40 cm, the ridge height is 20-22 cm, and the ridge width is 14-16 cm;
(2) seeding
Selecting large and regular peanut kernels with full seeds and good color, and removing mildewed, shrunken and mechanically damaged kernels;
sowing with the sowing depth of 3-5 cm and 2 seeds per hole of 8000-10000 holes/mu when the temperature reaches above 12 ℃ and the maximum water holding capacity of the soil is 60-70%; film mulching after sowing;
when the peanuts are pushed to the eardrum, opening holes and releasing the seedlings, wherein the seedling releasing time is finished before nine am, and covering soil in time after the seedlings are released;
(3) additional fertilizer for growth period
The peanut seeding period: when 50% of plants start to flower, topdressing 20 kg/mu, and sowing in furrows;
the fertilizer applied here comprises the following components:
5.83kg of hydrated lime, 0.67kg of boric acid, 0.67kg of ammonium molybdate, 0.67kg of zinc sulfate, 1.33kg of potassium fulvate, 7.50kg of diatomite, 0.83kg of manganese sulfate, 0.83kg of ferrous sulfate, 0.42kg of ascorbic acid and 1.25kg of rhamnolipid;
(4) management of field
Normal weeding, irrigation and timely harvest.
Index detection and yield determination for different planting methods
TABLE 1 Effect of different planting methods on peanut emergence and soil nutrient status
Note: the group of the planting method without applying the peanut shell biochar fertilizer and with other conditions the same as the example 2 is used as a blank control group.
TABLE 2 Effect of different planting methods on peanut growth performance and yield
Note: the group of the planting method without applying the peanut shell biochar fertilizer and with other conditions the same as the example 2 is used as a blank control group.
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the planting method of the present invention can reduce peanut diseases and increase soil fertility, thereby significantly increasing peanut yield; the planting method of the invention is significantly superior to the control group and the blank control group.
The foregoing is directed to preferred embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the yield of peanuts is characterized in that,
when peanuts are sowed, mixing a fertilizer A, a fertilizer B and a fertilizer C according to the mass ratio of 47-58.5: 2.2-9.5: 0.8-2, and applying 50-70 kg of the mixed fertilizer per mu as a base fertilizer;
in the peanut sowing period, mixing the fertilizer B and the fertilizer C according to the mass ratio of 12.5-16.67: 2.5-3.33, and applying 15-20 kg per mu;
applying a fertilizer C in the pod bearing period of the peanuts, adding water according to a ratio of 1: 500-1000, spraying on leaf surfaces, and performing additional spraying once after 10-15 days;
wherein,
the fertilizer A is formed by mixing a peanut shell biochar fertilizer and diammonium phosphate in a mass ratio of 8-12: 1;
the fertilizer B is 35-45% of hydrated lime, 4-6% of boric acid, 4-6% of ammonium molybdate, 4-6% of zinc sulfate, 8-15% of potassium fulvate and the balance of diatomite;
the fertilizer C is formed by mixing manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid and rhamnolipid according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5: 1.5.
2. The method for improving peanut yield according to claim 1, wherein the peanut shell biochar fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
(1) crushing peanut shells, sieving the crushed peanut shells by using a 10-mesh sieve, and adding urea, wherein the adding amount of the urea is 5-10% of the mass of the peanut shells; uniformly stirring, placing in a carbonization furnace, heating to 600-800 ℃ at a speed of 25 ℃/min, and performing high-temperature anoxic pyrolysis for 1-2 hours to obtain modified peanut shell biochar;
(2) mixing the prepared modified peanut shell biochar with livestock and poultry organic manure according to the mass ratio of 2-3: 1, adjusting the moisture content to 50-55%, and adding 0.2 per mill of zymophyte; fermenting the compost for 10-15 days, and turning the compost when the temperature of the compost exceeds 60 ℃ in the period; after fermentation, drying, crushing and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the peanut yield is increased,
the zymophyte agent is formed by mixing bacillus, candida utilis, streptomyces and lateral thermophilic sporotrichum according to the ratio of 1: 2: 1: 3;
the bacillus is at least two of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and paenibacillus polymyxa.
4. The method for improving the yield of peanuts according to claim 2, wherein the number of effective viable bacteria in the fermentation inoculant is more than or equal to 109CFU/g。
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the peanut yield is increased,
the livestock and poultry organic manure is at least one of horse manure, pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, duck manure, goose manure and pigeon manure.
6. A high-yield peanut planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) soil preparation and fertilization
Soil is turned and prepared, soil blocks are eliminated, 50-70 kg of base fertilizer is applied to each mu of soil while the soil is turned and prepared, and the soil is loosened from top to bottom;
after soil is turned, harrowing and ridging, wherein the ridge distance is 36-40 cm, the ridge height is 20-22 cm, and the ridge width is 14-16 cm;
2) seeding
Selecting large and regular peanut kernels with full seeds and good color, and removing mildewed, shrunken and mechanically damaged kernels;
sowing with the sowing depth of 3-5 cm and 2 seeds per hole of 8000-10000 holes/mu when the temperature reaches above 12 ℃ and the maximum water holding capacity of the soil is 60-70%; film mulching after sowing;
when the peanuts are pushed to the eardrum, opening holes and releasing the seedlings, wherein the seedling releasing time is finished before nine am, and covering soil in time after the seedlings are released;
3) additional fertilizer for growth period
The peanut seeding period: when 50% of plants start to flower, additional fertilizer is applied to 18 kg/mu, and the additional fertilizer is sowed in furrows;
and (3) peanut pod bearing period: topdressing a leaf fertilizer, adding water according to the ratio of 1: 500-1000, spraying on leaf surfaces, and performing additional spraying once in 10-15 days;
4) management of field
Normally weeding, irrigating and harvesting at proper time;
the base fertilizer is prepared by mixing a fertilizer A, a fertilizer B and a fertilizer C according to the mass ratio of 47-58.5: 2.2-9.5: 0.8-2;
the additional fertilizer for the peanut sowing period is to mix the fertilizer B and the fertilizer C according to the mass ratio of 12.5-16.67: 2.5-3.33;
the foliar fertilizer in the pod bearing period is fertilizer C;
wherein,
the fertilizer A is formed by mixing a peanut shell biochar fertilizer and diammonium phosphate in a mass ratio of 8-12: 1;
the fertilizer B is 35-45% of hydrated lime, 4-6% of boric acid, 4-6% of ammonium molybdate, 4-6% of zinc sulfate, 8-15% of potassium fulvate and the balance of diatomite;
the fertilizer C is formed by mixing manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid and rhamnolipid according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5: 1.5.
7. The high-yield peanut planting method according to claim 6, wherein the peanut shell biochar fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
(1) crushing peanut shells, sieving the crushed peanut shells by using a 10-mesh sieve, and adding urea, wherein the adding amount of the urea is 5-10% of the mass of the peanut shells; uniformly stirring, placing in a carbonization furnace, heating to 600-800 ℃ at a speed of 25 ℃/min, and performing high-temperature anoxic pyrolysis for 1-2 hours to obtain modified peanut shell biochar;
(2) mixing the prepared modified peanut shell biochar with livestock and poultry organic manure according to the mass ratio of 2-3: 1, adjusting the moisture content to 50-55%, and adding 0.2 per mill of zymophyte; fermenting the compost for 10-15 days, and turning the compost when the temperature of the compost exceeds 60 ℃ in the period; after fermentation, drying, crushing and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve.
8. The high-yield peanut planting method according to claim 7,
the zymophyte agent is formed by mixing bacillus, candida utilis, streptomyces and lateral thermophilic sporotrichum according to the ratio of 1: 2: 1: 3;
the bacillus is at least two of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and paenibacillus polymyxa.
9. The high-yield peanut planting method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the number of active viable bacteria in the fermentation inoculant is more than or equal to 109CFU/g。
10. The high-yield peanut planting method according to claim 7,
the livestock and poultry organic manure is at least one of horse manure, pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure, duck manure, goose manure and pigeon manure.
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