CN110447365A - A kind of rice field liquid manure optimization method - Google Patents
A kind of rice field liquid manure optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110447365A CN110447365A CN201910848482.9A CN201910848482A CN110447365A CN 110447365 A CN110447365 A CN 110447365A CN 201910848482 A CN201910848482 A CN 201910848482A CN 110447365 A CN110447365 A CN 110447365A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of rice field liquid manure optimization method, pass through water and fertilizer management conventional in pickup area and conventional water year growth period duration of rice average rainfall, carry out rice difference water and fertilizer management method long term experiment, calculate rice yield, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and efficiency of water application, establish the region rice yield, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and efficiency of water application and rice field water total amount, the dualistic and quadric regression equation of amount of nitrogen, collaboration is established using Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method and improves rice yield, the optimal rice field water consumption of moisture and fertilizer utilization efficiency and apply nitrogen mode, it calculates optimal rice field water consumption and applies rice yield under nitrogen mode, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and its field practical application effect is verified, evaluation.The method of the present invention can reach the purpose accurately controlled rice different growing duty, amount of nitrogen, and can distribute and wave Water-nitrogen coupling synergistic effect.Optimization method of the invention is reliable, accuracy is higher, can effectively instruct Rice Production practical.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology fields, are related to a kind of rice field liquid manure optimization method.
Background technique
Rice is one of China's Three major grain crops, and a large amount of agricultural waters and manure resources are consumed in production process.With
The aggravation of the contradiction of supply and demand for the water resource and agricultural non -point pollution harm, the problems such as water-saving, volume increase, synergy during Rice Production
Increasingly attract people's attention.Therefore, it needs to explore and had not only been able to satisfy the basic water of rice, fertile psychological need, but also can be effectively save
The rice field liquid manure integrated management approach of water, nitrogen resource.
For current chemical fertilizer, getting fat is not increased production, utilization rate of fertilizer is relatively low, Agro-ecology is dirty caused by excessive, unreasonable application
A series of problems, such as dye, domestic and international scientist are based on agrotype, fertilizer type, dose, fertilizing time and fertilizer placement, mention
Out and a series of actual crop fertilization recommendation method of suitable China's productions is constructed, such as: 1. based on the survey based on soil
Fertilization compositions based on earth method, nutrient expert system fertilization recommendation method, land capability class method, method of fertilization for target yield etc.；2. passing through ground crop
Based on fertilization recommendation method, as spectral diagnostics, Fertilizer effect function, crop nutrition diagnosis method etc..Both the above pushes away
Recommend fertilizing method has wide application on China field crop, to optimization region measures of fertilizer, promotes to save fertile synergy hair
Important role is waved.On the other hand, to save water resource during Rice Production, in Study On Rice growth and development to moisture
Sensibility and improve water use efficiency on the basis of, summarize propose suitable different ecological environment rice water-saving high yield fill
Irrigate technology, such as wetting irrigation for paddy field, control irrigation, deficit irrigation and free l-product rice water-saving irrigation technique.In China, especially with
Dry-wet alternate irrigation technical application is the most extensive.
In recent years, research finds suitable irrigation management, Operational of Nitrogen Among, liquid manure interaction regulation measure to raising Nitrogen in Rice
Absorption efficiency promotes volume increase and saving water resource to all have remarkable effect.Therefore, people are suitable in water and fertilizer management method in rice
Extensively, largely explore, had accumulated experience abundant.But due to factors such as manpower, funds, set by different tests
Irrigation method, nitrogen fertilizer application amount horizontal processing quantity are generally less, it is difficult to reflect the indexs such as yield with moisture, the change of amount of nitrogenous fertilizer element
Law, and different tests result difference is larger, lacks comparativity etc.；Secondly, moisture control refers in different control irrigation methods
Mark is difficult to accurate quantification, and the difference of different zones hydrometeorology condition makes field test results be only applicable to specific weather ring
Border, thus moisture control still relies primarily on the experience control of local peasant household in current rice water-saving cultivation.Therefore, seek to be suitble to not
It is had a very important significance with the rice liquid manure optimization method under weather conditions.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above problems existing in the present technology, it is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of rice field liquid manure optimization sides
Method, this method are utilized as target with cooperative achievement rice high yield, moisture and High Efficient nitrogen, and exploring one kind may be implemented rice moisture
Dosage, the optimal liquid manure method of administration of dose controllable precise, and then instruct Rice Production practical.
A kind of rice field liquid manure optimization method of the present invention, is realized by following steps:
(1) peasant's routine water and fertilizer management and conventional water year growth period duration of rice average rainfall in pickup area:
Meteorological resources (wrap in the past 20 years for rice peasant habit dose, water management method and region in survey region
Include rainfall, evaporation capacity etc.), rainfall is rejected excessively with very few anomalous year, is calculated in the region under conventional water year
Rice transplanting counts the rice such as rice plant of tillering stage, Jointing stage, full heading time, pustulation period to maturity period average rainfall
Accumulation rainfall, rainfall frequency etc. in key developmental stages.
(2) carry out rice difference water and fertilizer management mode long term experiment:
It is accustomed to water nitrogen management method referring to local farmers, if moisture irrigation method, 2 factor split plot experiment of amount of nitrogen.Primary area
For irrigation method, Irrigation set it is conventional basin irrigation, moderate alternation of wetting and drying and severe alternation of wetting and drying, record rice under each Irrigation
It transplants to irrigation in mature stage water consumption and growth period duration of rice rainfall product data.Secondary area is amount of nitrogen, is routinely applied with local farmers
Nitrogen quantity is middle nitrogen (100%N) horizontal, and amount of nitrogen requires at least to set nitrogen-free (0%N), low nitrogen (50%N), middle nitrogen (100%N), height
4 different brackets of nitrogen (150%N), nitrogenous fertilizer press base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: fertilizers for potted flowers=4:2:2:2 is applied by several times, and potash fertilizer is according to base
Fertilizer: promote fertilizers for potted flowers=6:4 and apply in two times, phosphate fertilizer is made base manure and disposably applied.To eliminate fertilizer efficiency soil early period to fertilizer test
It influences, which is at least carried out continuously 5 years, calculates rice yield, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and moisture using nearest 2 years or 1 annual data
Availability data.
(3) rice yield, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, efficiency of water application recurrence side under the region difference water and fertilizer management method are established
Journey.Using rice field water total amount, amount of nitrogen as variable, it is based on least square method, establishes rice yield, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and moisture benefit
With the dualistic and quadric regression equation of rate and rice field water total amount, amount of nitrogen；Wherein rice field water total amount be this season rice transplanting extremely
The summation of mature irrigation of paddy fields water and rainfall.
(4) further establish what cooperative achievement rice high yield, moisture and High Efficient nitrogen utilized using Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method
Optimal rice field water consumption and fertilizer application mode.Specific steps are as follows:
A. Matlab software is used, data normalization processing is carried out to rice yield, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer,
And then using it as target value, building is based on arithmetic average, multiplication, root mean squared function model respectively.
B. it optimal is applied using what Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method determined that target value in different functions model reaches under maximum condition
Nitrogen quantity and rice field water consumption；
C. the above-mentioned optimal amount of nitrogen of dualistic and quadric regression equation calculation and rice field water consumption item established using step (3)
Rice yield, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer under part.By comparing rice yield, efficiency of water application and nitrogen in different equations
The coefficient of variation between fertile utilization rate evaluates the stability and reliability of different liquid manure optimization methods.By taking rice yield as an example, calculate
Formula are as follows: the coefficient of variation (CV%)=yield standard deviation × 100/ yield mean value, if rice yield, moisture benefit between different equations
Be respectively less than 5% with rate and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer coefficient of variation, indicate the liquid manure optimization method can cooperative achievement rice high yield, moisture and
High Efficient nitrogen utilizes.
(5) liquid manure optimization method field efficacy is verified: it is reacted based on rice yield, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer,
Optimal amount of nitrogen, rice field water consumption field practical application effect are verified on the spot further, evaluated.It is used according to optimal rice field
Water subtracts step (1) the region routine water year average rainfall, obtains region growth period duration of rice irrigation water capacity, will
It is by tillering stage of turning green: Jointing stage: full heading time: the pustulation period=0.37-0.45:0.16-0.22:0.07-0.09:
0.18-0.24 water demand ratio is divided, with reference to accumulation rainfall, the rainfall frequency in key developmental stages to different lifes
The irrigation quantity for educating the phase is accurately refined.Finally, rice yield, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer are based on, to above-mentioned liquid manure
Optimization method Field information effect is verified, is evaluated: if the rice yield of Optimized model building, efficiency of water application and nitrogenous fertilizer benefit
Changed within 5.0% with rate theory value and field actual value, indicates that the paddy field optimization method is reliable, accuracy is higher, be applicable in
In instructing the region Rice Production.
A kind of rice field liquid manure optimization method provided by the invention, it has the advantage that: in rice field water and fertilizer management long-term tillage
In experimental basis, test area routine water year rainfall, Irrigation, rice yield, water utilization are analyzed by inquiry
The data such as rate and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer are utilized by method for numerical simulation building cooperative achievement rice high yield, moisture and High Efficient nitrogen
Optimal rice field water consumption and amount of nitrogen mode, can achieve rice different growing duty, amount of nitrogen are carried out it is accurate
The purpose of control, and can distribute and wave Water-nitrogen coupling synergistic effect.
The liquid manure optimization method recommended according to the present invention instructs rice cropping, can cooperative achievement rice high yield, moisture and nitrogen
The target that element efficiently utilizes, forecast production, moisture and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer data and actual value are almost the same, illustrate of the invention
Optimization method is reliable, accuracy is higher, can effectively instruct Rice Production practical.
Specific embodiment
Combined with specific embodiments below to the present invention make into one detailed description, it should be appreciated that they be only to it is of the invention into
One step explanation, rather than limitation of the invention.
A kind of rice field liquid manure optimization method of embodiment 1
(1) peasant's routine water and fertilizer management mode in clear region: specific as liquid manure optimization method using Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Hebei Plain
Implement region, Single Late Rice dose is 150-200kg ha in the region-1, water management mode is using tillering regularity draining solarization
The routine in field basins irrigation mode, and water, nitrogen use efficiency are lower.Reject the excessive and very few anomalous year of rainfall, the region nearly 10
Year conventional water year rice transplanting to maturity period average annual rainfall is 720mm, and is distributed mainly on Seedling Stage and tillering stage.
(2) carry out different water and fertilizer management mode long term experiments: being accustomed to water and fertilizer management mode referring to local farmers, in
Water and fertilizer coupling long term experiment is carried out in state's rice research institute, base, Fuyang, if moisture Irrigation, 2 factor split plot of amount of nitrogen try
It tests, primary area is Irrigation, and secondary area is amount of nitrogen.Irrigation set it is conventional basin irrigation, moderate alternation of wetting and drying and severe alternation of wetting and drying,
Water management mode such as table 1 under each Irrigation, record under each Irrigation rice transplanting to irrigation in mature stage water consumption and
Growth period duration of rice rainfall product data.Amount of nitrogen sets 0 (nitrogen-free), 90 (low nitrogen), 180 (middle nitrogen), 270 (high nitrogen) kg ha-1, 4 not
Ad eundem, nitrogenous fertilizer is according to base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: fertilizers for potted flowers=4:2:2:2 is applied by several times；K Amounts 120kg ha-1, press
According to base manure: promoting fertilizers for potted flowers=6:4 and apply in two times；Phosphorus fertilizer usage 60kg ha-1, make base manure and disposably apply.The test at least connects
It is continuous to carry out 5 years, influence of the fertilizer to fertilizer test result is remained early period to eliminate, and calculates water with nearest 2 years or 1 year test result
(tables 2) such as rice yield, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and efficiency of water application=rice yield/(irrigation water+rainfall).
Water management under 1 Different Irrigation mode of table
Moderate, moderate alternation of wetting and drying processing water layer minimum are respectively indicated and are just opened when soil water potential reaches -17kPa, -37kPa
Beginning irrigation water.
Rice yield, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer under the different water and fertilizer management modes of table 2
(3) further, rice yield, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, efficiency of water application under the region difference water and fertilizer management mode are established
Regression equation.Specific steps are as follows:
A. using rice field water total amount, amount of nitrogen as variable, it is based on least square method, is produced using Matlab Software on Drawing rice
The three-dimension curved surface that amount, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and efficiency of water application change with amount of nitrogen, rice field water total amount establishes region rice production
The dualistic and quadric regression fit equation (table 3) of amount, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and efficiency of water application and rice field water total amount, amount of nitrogen, tool
Body is as follows:
Y=a1+b1·W+c1·N+d1·W2+e1·N2+f1·W·N (1)
In equation (1): Y is yield (Yield, kg/hm2)；W is rice field water total amount (m3/hm2)；N is nitrogen fertilizer application (kg/
hm2)；a1、b1、c1、d1、e1、f1For constant.
WUE=a2+b2·W+c2·N+d2·W2+e2·N2+f2·W·N (2)
In equation (2), WUE is water use efficiency (Water use efficiency, kg/kg)；W is that rice field water is total
Measure (m3/hm2)；N is nitrogen fertilizer application (kg/hm2)；a2、b2、c2、d2、e2、f2For constant.
NRE=a3+b3·W+c3·N+d3·W2+e3·N2+f3·W·N (3)
In equation (3), NRE is Nitrogen recovery utilization rate (Nitrogen use efficiency, %)；W is rice field water
Total amount (m3/hm2)；N is nitrogen fertilizer application (kg/hm2)；a3、b3、c3、d3、e3、f3For constant.
3 rice yield of table, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer dualistic and quadric regression equation
(4) further establish what cooperative achievement rice high yield, moisture and High Efficient nitrogen utilized using Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method
Optimal rice field water consumption and fertilizer application mode.Specific steps are as follows:
A. Matlab software is used, data normalization processing is carried out to rice yield, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer,
Using it as target value, building is based on arithmetic average (equation 4) respectively, be multiplied (equation 5), root mean square (equation 6) function model,
Its target value is indicated respectively with C1, C2, C3, specific as follows:
Equation (4), (5), in (6), YiRice yield, efficiency of water application, nitrogen utilization efficiency are respectively indicated, K is number of targets
Amount (being 3 in this experiment).
B. determine that model (4), (5), target value reaches optimal under maximum condition in (6) using Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method
Amount of nitrogen and rice field water consumption；
C. above-mentioned optimal amount of nitrogen and rice field water consumption Rice under Condition yield, water are calculated using equation (1), (2), (3)
Divide utilization rate and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (table 4).By comparing in different equations between rice yield, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer
The coefficient of variation, the coefficient of variation in discovery 3 between different target function between rice yield, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is equal
Less than 5%, show 160kg ha-1Amount of nitrogen, 11000m3 ha-1Rice yield, moisture benefit under the Optimized water-nitrogen Optimizing Mode of rice field
It is higher with rate and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and show apparent stability and reliability.Show that the liquid manure optimization method can be real simultaneously
Existing rice high yield, moisture and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer are efficient.
The optimal amount of nitrogen of the very big target value Rice under Condition of table 4, rice field water consumption and its relevant volume, efficiency of water application and nitrogen
Utilization rate
(5) liquid manure optimization method Field information compliance test result: anti-based on rice yield, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer
It answers, optimal amount of nitrogen, rice field water consumption field practical application effect is verified on the spot further, evaluated.According to optimal rice
Field water consumption subtracts the conventional time average rainfall in step (1) region, show that region growth period duration of rice irrigation water capacity is
380mm, by it in tillering stage of turning green: Jointing stage: full heading time: pustulation period=0.45:0.22:0.09:0.24 ratio into
Row divides, and each period duty is respectively 171mm, 83.6mm, 34.2mm, 91.2mm.Using Dry-wet alternate irrigation mode, ginseng
It examines accumulation rainfall, the rainfall frequency in conventional water year rice key developmental stages and combines paddy field moisture content to different bearing
Watering period, the irrigation quantity of phase is accurately refined.After harvest, rice actual production under liquid manure Optimizing Mode, moisture benefit are measured
With rate and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
As shown in table 5, practical rice yield, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and efficiency of water application and step 4 target letter under field condition
Number predicted value is identical, and measured value only only fluctuates 0.08-1.49%, 1.06-6.32%, 0.22- compared with prediction theory value
1.55%, show that liquid manure optimization method of the invention is used to that rice field water and fertilizer management to be instructed to have high accuracy, and reality can be cooperateed with
The purpose that existing rice high yield, moisture and nitrogen efficiently utilize.
Rice yield, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer predicted value are compared with actual value under 5. liquid manure optimum management method of table
Claims (7)
1. a kind of rice field liquid manure optimization method, it is characterised in that: realized by following steps: (1) peasant is conventional in pickup area
Water and fertilizer management method and conventional water year growth period duration of rice average rainfall；(2) it is long to carry out rice difference water and fertilizer management method
Phase location test calculates rice yield, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and efficiency of water application；(3) least square method is used, the regional water is established
The dualistic and quadric regression equation of rice yield, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and efficiency of water application and rice field water total amount, amount of nitrogen；(4) it uses
Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method establishes collaboration and improves the optimal rice field water consumption of rice yield, moisture and fertilizer utilization efficiency and apply nitrogen mould
Formula；(5) it calculates optimal rice field water consumption and applies rice yield, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer under nitrogen mode, and to its field
Between practical application effect verified, evaluated.
2. a kind of rice field liquid manure optimization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step (1) passes through statistics
Excessively with very few equal rainfalls anomalous year, region routine is calculated in hydrographic data, rejecting rainfall in the past 20 years in the region
Rice transplanting is to maturity period average rainfall under water year；Meanwhile counting conventional water year rice plant of tillering stage, Spike development
Rainfall, the rainfall frequency are accumulated in the rice key developmental stages such as phase, full heading time, pustulation period, instruct rice each to optimize
Period precision irrigation water.
3. a kind of rice field liquid manure optimization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step (2) passes through setting
Different water and fertilizer management method long term experiments, amount of nitrogen require at least to set 4 nitrogen-free, low nitrogen, middle nitrogen, high nitrogen different brackets,
Irrigation set it is conventional basin irrigation, moderate alternation of wetting and drying and severe alternation of wetting and drying, experimental field infrastructure is good, before eliminating rice field
Influence of the phase fertilizer efficiency to fertilizer test, the test are at least carried out continuously 5 years, and are calculated rice using nearest 2 years or 1 annual data and produced
Amount, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and efficiency of water application.
4. a kind of rice field liquid manure optimization method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: in the amount of nitrogen, 0%N is
Nitrogen-free, 50%N are low nitrogen, 100%N is middle nitrogen, 150%N is high nitrogen.
5. a kind of rice field liquid manure optimization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: with rice field in the step (3)
Water total amount, amount of nitrogen are variable, establish rice yield, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and efficiency of water application binary two based on least square method
Secondary regression equation；Rice field water total amount is summation of this season rice transplanting to mature irrigation of paddy fields water and rainfall.
6. a kind of rice field liquid manure optimization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: collaboration is real in the step (4)
Show rice high yield, moisture and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiently optimal rice field water consumption and fertilizing method, realized using following steps:
A. Matlab software is used, data normalization processing is carried out to rice yield, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, respectively
It is established using it as target value and is based on arithmetic average, multiplication, root mean square target function model；
B. determine that target value in different functions model reaches the optimal amount of nitrogen under maximum condition using Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method
With rice field water consumption；
C. the optimal amount of nitrogen of dualistic and quadric regression equation calculation and rice field water consumption Rice under Condition established using step (3)
Yield, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, by comparing rice yield, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in different equations
Between the coefficient of variation, evaluate the stability and reliability of different liquid manure optimization methods；If rice yield, efficiency of water application and nitrogenous fertilizer
The utilization rate coefficient of variation is respectively less than 5%, indicates that rice high yield, moisture and High Efficient nitrogen benefit can be achieved at the same time in the liquid manure optimization method
With.
7. a kind of rice field liquid manure optimization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the optimal liquid manure of the step (5)
Optimization method Field information effect subtracts step (1) the region routine water year according to optimal rice field water consumption and is averaged rainfall
Amount, obtains region growth period duration of rice irrigation water capacity, by it by tillering stage of turning green: Jointing stage: full heading time: pustulation period
=0.37-0.45:0.16-0.22:0.07-0.09:0.18-0.24 water demand ratio is divided, and with reference to crucial fertility
Accumulation rainfall, the rainfall frequency refine the accurate irrigation quantity of different growing in phase, finally, being produced based on paddy rice
Amount, efficiency of water application and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer reaction, verify above-mentioned liquid manure optimization method Field information effect, are evaluated.
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| CN113273369A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-20 | 华中农业大学 | Rice water and fertilizer utilization evaluation method and growth and development and soil nutrient regulation and control method thereof |
| CN113303226A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-27 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Method for screening double-season super rice water-fertilizer synergistic efficient varieties |
| CN114303559A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-04-12 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 | Rice field nutrient regulation and control method and device |
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| CN113303226B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-04-08 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Method for screening double-season super rice water-fertilizer synergistic efficient varieties |
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