CN110447365B - Rice field water and fertilizer optimization method - Google Patents
Rice field water and fertilizer optimization method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The invention provides a paddy field water and fertilizer optimization method, which comprises the steps of developing long-term positioning tests of different paddy rice water and fertilizer management methods through conventional water and fertilizer management in a collection area and average rainfall of rice in a conventional hydrological year in a growth period, calculating the paddy rice yield, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the water utilization rate, establishing a binary quadratic regression equation of the paddy rice yield, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the water utilization rate of a region with the total water consumption and nitrogen application amount of a paddy field, establishing an optimal paddy field water consumption and nitrogen application mode for synergistically improving the paddy rice yield, the water and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate by adopting a maximum likelihood estimation method, calculating the paddy rice yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate under the optimal paddy field water consumption and nitrogen application mode, and verifying and evaluating the actual field application effect. The method can achieve the aim of accurately controlling the irrigation water quantity and the nitrogen application quantity of the rice in different growth periods, and can separately exert the water-nitrogen coupling synergistic effect. The optimization method is reliable and high in accuracy, and can effectively guide the actual production of rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a method for optimizing water and fertilizer in a rice field.
Background
Rice is one of three major food crops in China, and a large amount of agricultural water and fertilizer resources are consumed in the production process of the rice. Along with the contradiction between water supply and demand and the aggravation of farmland non-point source pollution hazards, the problems of water saving, yield increase, efficiency increase and the like in the rice production process are more and more emphasized by people. Therefore, a comprehensive rice field water and fertilizer management method which can meet the basic water and fertilizer physiological requirements of rice and can effectively save water and nitrogen resources is urgently needed to be explored.
Aiming at a series of problems of no yield increase, low fertilizer utilization rate, agricultural ecological pollution and the like caused by excessive and unreasonable application of the current chemical fertilizer, domestic and foreign scientists propose and construct a series of recommended crop fertilization methods suitable for actual production in China, such as: firstly, a soil testing and formulated fertilization method based on soil, a nutrient expert system recommended fertilization method, a soil fertility grading method, a target yield method and the like are adopted; secondly, the method is recommended to be applied by taking the overground crops as the basis, such as a spectrum diagnosis method, a fertilizer effect function method, a crop nutrition diagnosis method and the like. The two recommended fertilizing methods are widely applied to field crops in China, and play an important role in optimizing regional fertilizing measures and promoting fertilizer saving and efficiency increasing. On the other hand, in order to save water resources in the rice production process, on the basis of researching the sensitivity of the growth and development of rice to water and improving the water utilization efficiency, rice water-saving and high-yield irrigation technologies suitable for different ecological environments are summarized and provided, such as wet irrigation, controlled irrigation, deficit irrigation, dry farming coverage and other rice water-saving irrigation technologies. In China, the dry-wet alternative irrigation technology is most widely applied.
In recent years, researches find that proper irrigation management, nitrogen fertilizer operation and water and fertilizer interaction regulation measures have remarkable effects on improving the absorption efficiency of nitrogen in rice, promoting yield increase and saving water resources. Therefore, people widely and massively explore the method for managing the water and the fertilizer suitable for the rice and accumulate abundant experience. However, due to factors such as manpower and capital, the irrigation methods and nitrogen fertilizer application level treatment amounts set in different tests are generally small, the change rule of indexes such as yield and the like along with the factors of moisture and nitrogen fertilizer amount is difficult to reflect, and different test results have large difference and lack of comparability; secondly, the moisture control indexes in different irrigation control methods are difficult to accurately quantify, and the difference of the hydrological and meteorological conditions in different areas enables the field test result to be only suitable for specific climatic environments, so that the moisture control in the current rice water-saving cultivation still mainly depends on the experience of local farmers. Therefore, it is of great significance to find a method for optimizing the water and fertilizer of the rice suitable for different climatic conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rice field water and fertilizer optimization method, which aims to realize high yield of rice and high efficient utilization of water and nitrogen fertilizers in a synergistic manner, and explores an optimal water and fertilizer application method capable of realizing accurate and controllable water and fertilizer application amount of rice so as to guide the practical production of rice.
The invention relates to a rice field water and fertilizer optimization method, which is realized by the following steps:
(1) and (3) conventional water and fertilizer management of farmers and average rainfall of rice in conventional hydrological years in a collection area during a growth period:
researching the habit fertilization amount and water management method of rice farmers in the region, and meteorological resources (including rainfall, evaporation capacity and the like) in the region for nearly 20 years, eliminating abnormal years with excessive and insufficient rainfall, calculating the average rainfall of rice transplanted to the mature period under the conventional hydrological years in the region, and counting the accumulated rainfall, rainfall frequency and the like in key growth periods of rice such as the tillering period, the ear differentiation period, the ear emergence flowering period, the grain filling period and the like.
(2) Carrying out long-term positioning tests of different water and fertilizer management modes of rice:
and setting a water irrigation method and a nitrogen application amount 2 factor fission test according to a water and nitrogen management method used by local farmers. The main area is an irrigation method, the irrigation mode is set as conventional flooding irrigation, moderate dry-wet alternation and severe dry-wet alternation, and the irrigation water usage amount from rice transplanting to mature period and rainfall data of rice growth period under each irrigation mode are recorded. The secondary area is nitrogen application amount, the conventional nitrogen application amount of local farmers is the level of medium nitrogen (100% N), the nitrogen application amount is required to be at least set 4 different levels of no nitrogen (0% N), low nitrogen (50% N), medium nitrogen (100% N) and high nitrogen (150% N), and the nitrogen fertilizer is based on the base fertilizer: and (3) tillering fertilizer: ear fertilization: the flower fertilizer is applied in 4:2:2:2 times, and the potassium fertilizer is prepared according to the following base fertilizer: the flower promoting fertilizer is applied twice in 6:4, and the phosphate fertilizer is applied once as the base fertilizer. In order to eliminate the influence of the early-stage fertilizer efficiency on the fertilizer test, the test is continuously carried out for at least 5 years, and the data of the rice yield, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the water utilization rate are calculated by adopting the data of the last 2 years or 1 year.
(3) And establishing regression equations of rice yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and water utilization rate under different water and fertilizer management methods in the region. Establishing a binary quadratic regression equation of the rice yield, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the water utilization rate as well as the total water and nitrogen application amount of the rice field based on a least square method by taking the total water and nitrogen application amount of the rice field as variables; wherein the total amount of the water used in the rice field is the sum of the irrigation water amount and the rainfall amount of the rice field transplanted to mature in the season.
(4) Further adopting a maximum likelihood estimation method to establish an optimal paddy field water consumption and fertilization mode for realizing high yield of paddy rice and high utilization of water and nitrogen fertilizer. The method comprises the following specific steps:
a. and carrying out data normalization processing on the rice yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate by adopting Matlab software, and further respectively taking the data as target values to construct a model based on arithmetic mean, multiplication and root-mean-square functions.
b. Determining the optimal nitrogen application amount and the rice field water consumption amount under the condition that the target values in different function models reach the maximum values by adopting a maximum likelihood estimation method;
c. and (4) calculating the yield of paddy rice, the utilization rate of water and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer under the conditions of the optimal nitrogen application amount and the water consumption of the paddy field by using the binary quadratic regression equation established in the step (3). And evaluating the stability and reliability of different water and fertilizer optimization methods by comparing the variation coefficients among the rice yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in different equations. Taking the rice yield as an example, the calculation formula is as follows: and if the coefficient of variation (CV%) is the standard deviation multiplied by 100 of the yield per average value of the yield, and if the coefficient of variation of the rice yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate among different equations is less than 5%, the water and fertilizer optimization method can realize the high yield of the rice and the high efficiency utilization of the water and the nitrogen fertilizer.
(5) The water and fertilizer optimization method comprises the following steps of field effect verification: based on the reaction of rice yield, water utilization rate and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, the field practical application effect of the optimal nitrogen application amount and rice field water consumption is further verified and evaluated on the spot. Subtracting the average rainfall of the conventional hydrological years in the area in the step (1) according to the optimal paddy field water consumption to obtain the irrigation water consumption of the rice growth period in the area, and carrying out the green turning and tillering according to the ratio: ear differentiation stage: heading and flowering period: grouting period is 0.37-0.45: 0.16-0.22: 0.07-0.09: dividing the water demand proportion of 0.18-0.24, and accurately refining the irrigation quantity of different growth periods by referring to the accumulated rainfall and rainfall frequency in the key growth period. Finally, verifying and evaluating the field application effect of the water and fertilizer optimization method based on the rice yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate: if the theoretical values of the rice yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate constructed by the optimization model and the actual value of the field change within 5.0%, the paddy field optimization method is reliable and high in accuracy and is suitable for guiding the rice production in the region.
The invention provides a rice field water and fertilizer optimization method, which has the beneficial effects that: on the basis of a long-term positioning test of rice field water and fertilizer management, by investigating and analyzing data such as rainfall of conventional hydrological years, irrigation modes, rice yield, water utilization rate, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the like in a test area, an optimal rice field water consumption and nitrogen application rate mode for realizing high rice yield and high water and nitrogen fertilizer efficient utilization in a synergistic manner is constructed by means of a numerical simulation method, the purpose of accurately controlling irrigation water and nitrogen application rate of rice in different growth periods can be achieved, and a water-nitrogen coupling synergistic effect can be separately exerted.
According to the method for optimizing the water and fertilizer, provided by the invention, rice cultivation is guided, the aims of high yield of rice and high efficient utilization of water and nitrogen can be cooperatively realized, the predicted yield, water and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate data are basically consistent with actual values, and the method for optimizing the water and fertilizer is reliable and high in accuracy and can effectively guide the actual production of rice.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not limiting.
Example 1 method for optimizing water and fertilizer in rice field
(1) Defining the conventional water and fertilizer management mode of farmers in the area: the method takes Zhejiang Zhebei plain as a concrete implementation area of the water and fertilizer optimization method, and the fertilizer application amount of single-season late rice in the area is 150-200kg ha-1The water management mode adopts a conventional flooding and irrigating mode of draining and sunning the field in the tillering full period, and the water and nitrogen utilization efficiency is lower. Abnormal years with excessive rainfall and too little rainfall are removed, and the rainfall of conventional hydrological years rice transplanted to the mature period in the area is 720mm and mainly distributed in the seedling stage and the tillering stage.
(2) Carrying out long-term positioning tests in different water and fertilizer management modes: according to the local farmer habit water and fertilizer management mode, the method is rich in the Yangguan of the Chinese Rice research instituteA water and fertilizer coupling long-term positioning test is carried out on the ground, a water irrigation mode and a nitrogen application amount 2-factor cracking area test are set, the main area is an irrigation mode, and the auxiliary area is a nitrogen application amount. The irrigation modes comprise conventional flooding irrigation, medium dry-wet alternation and heavy dry-wet alternation, the water management modes in the irrigation modes are shown in table 1, and the irrigation water consumption of the rice transplanted to the mature period and the rainfall data of the rice in the growth period in the irrigation modes are recorded. The nitrogen application amount is set to be 0 (no nitrogen), 90 (low nitrogen), 180 (medium nitrogen) and 270 (high nitrogen) kg ha-14 different grades, nitrogen fertilizer is according to base fertilizer: and (3) tillering fertilizer: ear fertilization: applying the flower fertilizer in 4:2:2:2 times; application amount of potassium fertilizer is 120kg ha-1According to the base fertilizer: applying the flower promoting fertilizer twice in a ratio of 6: 4; 60kg ha of phosphate fertilizer application amount-1And is applied once as a base fertilizer. The test was carried out continuously for at least 5 years, and in order to eliminate the influence of the early-stage residual fertilizer on the fertilizer test results, the rice yield, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, and the water utilization rate, i.e., rice yield/(irrigation water + rainfall), were calculated from the test results of the last 2 years or 1 year (table 2).
Table 1 moisture management in different irrigation modes
TABLE 2 Rice yield, Water utilization and Nitrogen utilization under different Water and Fertilizer management modes
(3) Further, regression equations of rice yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and water utilization rate in different water and fertilizer management modes in the region are established. The method comprises the following specific steps:
a. the method is characterized in that the total amount of water and nitrogen application amount in the rice field are used as variables, a three-dimensional curved surface of which the rice yield, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the water utilization rate change along with the total amount of nitrogen application and the total amount of water in the rice field is drawn by utilizing Matlab software based on a least square method, and a binary quadratic regression fitting equation (table 3) of the rice yield, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the water utilization rate in the region and the total amount of water and nitrogen application amount in the rice field is established:
Y＝a1+b1·W+c1·N+d1·W2+e1·N2+f1·W·N (1)
in equation (1): y is Yield (Yield, kg/hm)2) (ii) a W is the total amount of water (m) used in the rice field3/hm2) (ii) a N is nitrogen fertilizer (kg/hm)2)；a1、b1、c1、d1、e1、f1Is a constant.
WUE＝a2+b2·W+c2·N+d2·W2+e2·N2+f2·W·N (2)
In equation (2), WUE is Water use efficiency (kg/kg); w is the total amount of water (m) used in the rice field3/hm2) (ii) a N is nitrogen fertilizer (kg/hm)2)；a2、b2、c2、d2、e2、f2Is a constant.
NRE＝a3+b3·W+c3·N+d3·W2+e3·N2+f3·W·N (3)
In equation (3), NRE is the Nitrogen use efficiency (%); w is the total amount of water (m) used in the rice field3/hm2) (ii) a N is nitrogen fertilizer (kg/hm)2)；a3、b3、c3、d3、e3、f3Is a constant.
TABLE 3 binary quadratic regression equation for rice yield, water utilization and nitrogen fertilizer utilization
(4) Further adopting a maximum likelihood estimation method to establish an optimal paddy field water consumption and fertilization mode for realizing high yield of paddy rice and high utilization of water and nitrogen fertilizer. The method comprises the following specific steps:
a. adopting Matlab software to carry out data normalization processing on the rice yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, respectively taking the normalized data as target values to construct function models based on arithmetic mean (equation 4), multiplication (equation 5) and root mean square (equation 6), wherein the target values are respectively expressed by C1, C2 and C3, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in equations (4), (5), (6), YiThe rice yield, water utilization rate, and nitrogen utilization rate were expressed, respectively, and K was the target amount (3 in this experiment).
b. Determining the optimal nitrogen application amount and the rice field water consumption amount under the condition that the target values in the models (4), (5) and (6) reach the maximum value by adopting a maximum likelihood estimation method;
c. the rice yield, water utilization rate and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate under the conditions of the optimal nitrogen application amount and rice field water consumption are calculated by using the equations (1), (2) and (3) (table 4). By comparing the coefficient of variation among the rice yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in different equations, the coefficient of variation among the rice yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in different objective functions in step 3 is found to be less than 5%, which shows that 160kg ha-1Nitrogen application amount of 11000m3ha-1The rice yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate are higher in the rice field optimization water and fertilizer optimization mode, and obvious stability and reliability are shown. The water and fertilizer optimization method is shown to be capable of simultaneously realizing high yield of rice and high utilization rate of water and nitrogen fertilizer.
TABLE 4 maximum target value conditions for optimum nitrogen application, paddy field water consumption and related yield, water utilization and nitrogen utilization
(5) The field application effect verification of the water and fertilizer optimization method comprises the following steps: based on the reaction of rice yield, water utilization rate and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, the field practical application effect of the optimal nitrogen application amount and rice field water consumption is further verified and evaluated on the spot. Subtracting the average rainfall of the conventional year of the region in the step (1) according to the optimal paddy field water consumption to obtain that the irrigation water consumption of the rice growth period of the region is 380mm, and carrying out the green turning and tillering according to the ratio: ear differentiation stage: heading and flowering period: grouting period is 0.45: 0.22: 0.09: the water volume is divided into 171mm, 83.6mm, 34.2mm and 91.2mm according to the proportion of 0.24. And a dry-wet alternative irrigation mode is adopted, and the irrigation periods and irrigation amounts in different growth periods are accurately refined by referring to the accumulated rainfall and rainfall frequency in the key growth period of the rice in the conventional hydrological years and combining the water content of the rice field. After harvesting, the actual yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the rice in the water and fertilizer optimization mode are measured.
As shown in Table 5, the actual rice yield, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the water utilization rate under the field condition are highly consistent with the predicted values of the objective function in the step 4, and the measured values only fluctuate by 0.08-1.49%, 1.06-6.32% and 0.22-1.55% compared with the predicted theoretical values, which indicates that the water and fertilizer optimization method provided by the invention has higher accuracy when being used for guiding the water and fertilizer management of the rice field and can synergistically realize the purposes of high rice yield and high water and nitrogen utilization efficiency.
TABLE 5 comparison of predicted values of paddy yield, water utilization rate and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate with actual values in water and fertilizer optimization management method
Claims (2)
1. A paddy field water and fertilizer optimization method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is realized by the following steps:
(1) the method for managing the conventional water and fertilizer of farmers in the collection area and the average rainfall of the conventional hydrologic years in the rice growth period are as follows: researching the habit fertilization amount and water management method of rice farmers in the region, and meteorological resources including rainfall and evaporation capacity in the region in about 20 years, eliminating abnormal years with excessive and insufficient rainfall, calculating the average rainfall of rice transplanted to the mature period under the conventional hydrological years in the region, and counting the accumulated rainfall and rainfall frequency in the rice tillering period, the ear differentiation period, the ear emergence period and the key growth period of the rice in the grain filling period so as to optimally guide the accurate irrigation water amount of the rice in each period;
(2) carrying out long-term positioning tests on different rice water and fertilizer management methods, and calculating the rice yield, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the water utilization rate: according to a local farmer habit water and nitrogen management method, a water irrigation method and a nitrogen application amount 2-factor fissure area test are set, a main area is the irrigation method, an irrigation mode is set to be conventional flooding irrigation, medium dry-wet alternation and heavy dry-wet alternation, the irrigation water usage amount of rice transplanting to a mature period and rainfall data of the rice in a growth period under each irrigation mode are recorded, a secondary area is the nitrogen application amount, the local farmer conventional nitrogen application amount is used as a medium nitrogen level, the nitrogen application amount is required to be at least set to be 4 different levels of no nitrogen, low nitrogen, medium nitrogen and high nitrogen, and the nitrogen fertilizer is based on a base fertilizer: and (3) tillering fertilizer: ear fertilization: the flower fertilizer =4:2:2:2 is applied for several times, and the potassium fertilizer is applied according to the base fertilizer: the flower promoting fertilizer =6:4 is applied twice, the phosphate fertilizer is applied once as a base fertilizer, in order to eliminate the influence of the early-stage fertilizer effect of the soil on the fertilizer test, the test is continuously carried out for at least 5 years, the data of the last 2 years or 1 year are adopted to calculate the rice yield, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the water utilization rate, and in the nitrogen application amount, 0% of N is nitrogen-free, 50% of N is low nitrogen, 100% of N is medium nitrogen, and 150% of N is high nitrogen;
(3) establishing regression equations of rice yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and water utilization rate under different water and fertilizer management methods in the region, and establishing a binary quadratic regression equation of the rice yield, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the water utilization rate as well as the total water and the nitrogen application rate in the rice field based on a least square method by taking the total water and the nitrogen application rate in the rice field as variables; wherein the total amount of the water used in the rice field is the sum of the irrigation water amount and the rainfall amount of the rice field transplanted to mature in the season; the binary quadratic regression fitting equation is as follows:
Y=a 1 +b 1 •W+c 1 •N+d 1 •W 2 +e 1 •N 2 +f 1 •W•N（a）
in equation (a):Yin order to achieve a high yield,Wthe total amount of the water used in the rice field,Nin order to apply the nitrogen fertilizer,a 1 、b 1 、c 1 、d 1 、e 1 、f 1 is a constant;WUE=a 2 + b 2 •W+c 2 •N+d 2 •W 2 +e 2 •N 2 +f 2 •W•N（b）
in equation (b):WUEin order to achieve the efficiency of water utilization,Wthe total amount of the water used in the rice field,Nin order to apply the nitrogen fertilizer,a 2 、b 2 、c 2 、d 2 、e 2 、f 2 is a constant;
NRE=a 3 +b 3 •W+c 3 •N+d 3 •W 2 +e 3 •N 2 +f 3 •W•N（c）
in equation (c):NREin order to realize the recovery and utilization rate of the nitrogen,Wthe total amount of the water used in the rice field,Nin order to apply the nitrogen fertilizer,a 3 、b 3 、c 3 、d 3 、e 3 、f 3 is a constant;
(4) establishing an optimal rice field water consumption and fertilization mode for realizing high yield of rice and high utilization of water and nitrogen fertilizer in a synergistic manner by adopting a maximum likelihood estimation method; the method comprises the following specific steps:
1) adopting Matlab software to carry out data normalization processing on the rice yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, and further respectively taking the data as target values to construct a model based on arithmetic mean, multiplication and root-mean-square functions; the target values are respectively expressed as C1, C2 and C3, and are as follows:
in equations (d), (e), (f), YiRespectively representing the yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen utilization rate of the rice, wherein K is the target quantity;
2) determining the optimal nitrogen application amount and the rice field water consumption amount under the condition that the target values in different function models reach the maximum values by adopting a maximum likelihood estimation method;
3) calculating the yield of paddy rice, the utilization rate of water and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer under the conditions of the optimal nitrogen application amount and the water consumption of the paddy field by using the binary quadratic regression equation established in the step (3), and evaluating the stability and reliability of different water and fertilizer optimization methods by comparing the variation coefficients among the yield of paddy rice, the utilization rate of water and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in different equations, wherein the calculation formula is as follows by taking the yield of paddy rice as an example: the coefficient of variation CV% = standard deviation of yield multiplied by 100/yield mean value, if the coefficient of variation of the rice yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate among different equations is less than 5%, the water and fertilizer optimization method can realize the high yield of rice and the high efficiency utilization of water and nitrogen fertilizer cooperatively;
(5) the water and fertilizer optimization method comprises the following steps of field effect verification: based on the reaction of rice yield, water utilization rate and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, the optimal nitrogen application amount and rice field water consumption field actual application effect are verified and evaluated.
2. The method for optimizing paddy field water and fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (5) the field application effect of the optimal water and fertilizer optimization method is obtained, the average rainfall capacity of the conventional hydrological years in the area obtained in the step (1) is subtracted from the optimal paddy field water consumption to obtain the irrigation water consumption of the area in the rice growth period, and the irrigation water consumption is determined according to the turning green and tillering period: ear differentiation stage: heading and flowering period: grouting period = 0.37-0.45: 0.16-0.22: 0.07-0.09: dividing the water demand proportion of 0.18-0.24, refining the accurate irrigation quantity of different growth periods by referring to the accumulated rainfall and rainfall frequency in the key growth period, and finally verifying and evaluating the field application effect of the water and fertilizer optimization method based on the rice yield, the water utilization rate and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate reaction of the rice field.
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