CN110992201A - Comprehensive measure configuration method for realizing water saving and diving in ecological irrigation area - Google Patents
Comprehensive measure configuration method for realizing water saving and diving in ecological irrigation area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive measure configuration method for realizing water saving and diving in an ecological irrigation area, and relates to the technical field of water saving. The method comprises the following specific steps: analyzing the existing water saving technology of the irrigation area, configuring water saving measures and calculating a water saving potential evaluation result; analyzing water-saving potential influence factors of the irrigation area, and establishing an entropy weight model under a multi-constraint condition; designing a new comprehensive water-saving configuration scheme according to factors such as planting structure adjustment and the like; and realizing multi-scheme comparison and selection of comprehensive measure configuration of maximum ecological excavation by utilizing pareto frontier. The method can realize ecological water saving and the like to a greater extent, can effectively reduce the waste of water resources, maintain the ecological balance and the variety of animal and plant species of the irrigation area and the surrounding areas, and can also help select the proper agricultural irrigation water saving technology and management mode which accord with the large irrigation area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water conservation of irrigated areas, in particular to a comprehensive measure configuration method for realizing water conservation and diving in an ecological irrigated area.
Background
The most outstanding problems in the ecological environment of large irrigation areas in China are as follows: the blind large-area wasteland exploitation causes river cutoff, so that the grassland degradation and the regional ecological environment deterioration are caused; the excessive exploitation of underground water causes the reduction of the underground water level of the area, the subsidence of the ground and the like; meanwhile, other ecological environment problems such as waterlogging, saline-alkali, water and soil loss and the like also exist.
Although great benefits are brought to water-saving measures carried out in northwest arid regions, excessive agricultural water saving is also greatly influenced, and although agricultural irrigation water-saving technology ensures the water quantity required by crop growth, the grain yield can also be improved, the ecological system around the irrigated region is influenced, so that rainfall is reduced, the biological diversity is reduced, the land faces desertification, and the balance of the ecological system around the irrigated region is damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The irrigation system of crops is closely related to the water demand and yield of crops. By mastering the conditions of water shortage and yield reduction of crops in different growth stages, the crops are irrigated in a limited amount on the premise of ensuring stable or slightly reduced crop yield, the optimal irrigation times, irrigation dates and irrigation quota of the crops are determined, and the optimal distribution of irrigation water in the growth stages is realized. Through the optimization regulation and control to the irrigation system, satisfy and supply root system layer soil moisture in order to satisfy the water demand requirement of crop, seek minimum irrigation water scheme to effectively improve moisture utilization efficiency and crop output, realize the water conservation target of field irrigation.
There are also many different methods for the calculation, analysis and evaluation of the water-saving potential value, and the parameters required for calculating the water-saving potential value after implementing different water-saving modes are different. Most scholars estimate the water-saving potential based on the calculated reduction of irrigation water after a certain water-saving measure is implemented. The invention obtains the total quantity of irrigation water reduction in irrigation areas under different irrigation modes mainly by transverse accumulation.
According to the traditional water-saving potential calculation method, the difference value of the capillary irrigation water quantity before the water-saving irrigation measures are implemented and the capillary irrigation water quantity after the water-saving irrigation measures are implemented is used as the traditional water-saving potential, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: Δ W represents the conventional water-saving potential, m3；M0,netRepresents the net irrigation quota, m, before the water-saving irrigation mode is implemented3/hm2；M1,netRepresents the net irrigation quota, m, after the water-saving irrigation mode is implemented3/hm2；η0Representing the irrigation water utilization coefficient before the implementation of water-saving measures η1Representing the utilization coefficient of irrigation water after the water-saving measures are implemented; a denotes the irrigation area, hm2。
From the characteristic of water resource consumption, the calculation formula of the water consumption and water saving potential of the irrigation area is as follows:
WET＝10(ETdatum-ETDatum)A
In the formula: ET represents the transpiration evaporation of the crop, mm; wETRepresenting water consumption and water saving potential, m3(ii) a ET benchmark represents the benchmark ET, mm before implementing water-saving measures; ET water conservation refers to ET, mm after water conservation measures are implemented; a denotes the area of the irrigation area, hm2。
③ calculation method based on soil water balance:
the theoretical formula for calculating the water demand for wool irrigation is as follows:
in the formula: i isgrossRepresenting theoretical wool irrigation water requirement (mm), InetRepresenting the theoretical net irrigation water demand (mm), βiIndication tankIrrigation regression water utilization coefficient, ηiRepresenting the irrigation water utilization factor.
The theoretical formula for calculating the water demand of the irrigation of the wool after the water-saving measures are implemented is as follows:
in the formula: i'grossIndicates the theoretical irrigation water demand (mm, I ') after water-saving measures are implemented'netβ representing theoretical net irrigation water demand (mm) after water conservation measures are implementedi'represents the irrigation return water utilization coefficient after the water saving measure is implemented, and η' represents the irrigation water utilization coefficient after the water saving measure is implemented.
The water-saving potential calculation formula based on soil water balance is as follows:
ΔW＝Igross-I'gross
④ adopting a water-saving potential calculation formula of engineering measures:
in the formula: w engineering expression engineering type water-saving potential value, m3/hm2；η1And η2Respectively representing the utilization coefficients of irrigation water before and after the water-saving technology is adopted; i need to express the net irrigation water demand of the partitioned crops, m3/hm2P is precipitation in mm, α is precipitation effective utilization coefficient, G is underground water utilization in mm, ET is transpiration evaporation of crop in mm, A is crop planting area in hm2(ii) a i represents the crop species within the zone; n represents the number of crop species within a partition; ETiThe water demand of the ith crop, namely the transpiration evaporation capacity, is mm.
⑤ formula for calculating the reduced water consumption of crops by adopting agricultural measures is:
in the formula: w agriculture means the water-saving potential value of the crop water consumption reduced by the agronomic measures, m3/hm2；η1Representing the irrigation water utilization coefficient of the current year; phi is a1Represents the percentage of field water consumption reduction that can be produced by adjusting the physiological processes of crops; phi is a2Indicating the percentage of reduction in water consumption in the field by using water-saving irrigation measures such as drip irrigation, and agronomic measures such as raking and soil moisture reduction and straw mulching.
The water-saving potential calculation formula after the crop planting structure is adjusted is as follows:
in the formula: w is a value representing the water-saving potential of the crop after the crop structure is adjusted, m3/hm2(ii) a I rule demand represents the partitioned plan horizontal year crop irrigation water demand, m3/hm2(ii) a I the current condition of the subareas is expressed, and m represents the irrigation water demand of the horizontal year crops3H/hm; i represents the crop species within the zone; a. theiPlanning the planting area hm of the ith crop in the horizontal year2；AiAt present, the planting area hm of the ith crop in the horizontal year2；η1Shows the irrigation water utilization coefficient, ET, of the current yeariThe water demand of the ith crop is the evaporation capacity of transpiration in mm, P is the precipitation in mm, α is the effective utilization coefficient of precipitation, and G is the groundwater utilization in mm.
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a comprehensive measure configuration method for realizing water saving and diving in an ecological irrigation area.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a comprehensive measure configuration method for realizing water saving and diving in an ecological irrigation area, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating a water saving potential evaluation result:
the method needs to set target water productivity, determine irrigation areas with water saving potential and lifting range, compare the difference value between actual water production efficiency and target water production efficiency, and obtain agricultural water saving potential of the irrigation areas by combining crop yield. The calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: CWP denotes the water production efficiency, kg/m3(ii) a CY denotes the crop yield, kg/hm2；ETIRepresents the evapotranspiration in the irrigated land, mm; SAV indicates the amount of water saved, i.e. the potential value of water saving, m3；CYaiRepresenting the actual grain yield, kg, of the crop of the ith area unit; CWPaiActual moisture production, kg/m, indicating that the ith area cell is below the target moisture production area cell3；CWPaimIndicates the target moisture production efficiency, kg/m3。
(2) Entropy weight model under constraint condition
For agricultural irrigation, the more natural precipitation, the less irrigation water that needs to be taken from the river, since it is closely related to the current annual climate conditions. The reference crop water demand ET0 mainly reflects the influence of meteorological factors (air temperature, humidity, sunshine hours, wind speed and the like) on the crop water demand, and is calculated by adopting a Penman-Monteith equation recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United nations, wherein the formula is as follows:
in the formula: rnMJ/(m2.d) is the net radiation quantity of the surface of the crop; g is the soil heat flux, MJ/(m2 d); gamma is the dry-wet table constant, kPa/DEG C; t is the daily average temperature, DEG C; u. of2The wind speed is 2m above the ground, m/s; e.g. of the typeaSaturated water vapor pressure, kPa; e.g. of the typedActual water vapor pressure, kPa; and delta is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-temperature curve, kPa/DEG C.
On the basis of ensuring the crop yield of an irrigation area, the maximum potential of water saving is realized, the planting structures of different crops need to be comprehensively configured and optimized, the crops mainly planted in the irrigation area are taken as decision variables, such as wheat, corn and the like, and the entropy weight evaluation value lambda is takeniAs a benefit coefficient to comprehensively evaluate the benefitzThe maximum target is that an irrigation entropy weight coefficient model can be established as follows:
an objective function:
z＝λ1x1+λ2x2+...+λixi
constraint conditions are as follows:
and (3) restricting water consumption:
a1+a2+...+ai≤c
aithe amount of irrigation water required by the ith factor, and c is the total amount of irrigation water available for farmland under the current conditions.
And (3) restricting cultivated land area:
b1+b2+...bi≤A
a is the total planting area
Investment quota constraint:
c1x1+c2x2+...cixi≤M
and M is the total investment quota under the current conditions.
And (4) constraint of economic benefit:
m1+m2+...+mi≥N
miand N is the total economic benefit of the current situation of the irrigation area.
The entropy weight evaluation values of different water-saving influence factors can be finally obtained by taking the economic benefit, the social requirement, the ecological benefit and the investment quota of the upstream and middle regions of the yellow river as evaluation indexes as shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 entropy weight evaluation values of different crops
The methods commonly used for evaluating the index weight include a Delphi method and an analytic hierarchy process, but the 2 methods are easily influenced by subjective factors in the calculation process, so that the result has larger errors. The entropy method is capable of judging the dispersion degree of the index, and the larger the dispersion degree is, the larger the influence of the comprehensive evaluation result is. The entropy method weighting is to determine the weight of the index through a judgment matrix formed by evaluating the index values, and can reflect the data information of the selected scheme more objectively and orderly, thereby avoiding the subjectivity of weighting. The calculation steps are as follows:
establishing judgment matrixes of m evaluation indexes of n schemes: r ═ gi′)n×m。
Because the measurement units of the indexes are different, normalization processing is carried out before comprehensive evaluation to prevent the indexes from being homogeneous, and the values of the indexes are converted into relative values. Namely, the judgment matrix is normalized to obtain a normalized judgment matrix D as follows:
in the formula: gmax、gminThe maximum value and the minimum value under the same index are respectively.
According to the definition of entropy, n modes and m evaluation indexes, the entropy of the evaluation indexes can be determined as follows:
calculating the entropy weight f of the evaluation indexij
The water-saving irrigation technology comprises engineering water-saving technologies such as sprinkling irrigation, micro-irrigation and drip irrigation, agricultural water-saving technologies such as soil moisture conservation, film covering and water-fertilizer coupling, and the entropy weight coefficient model method is adopted to carry out comprehensive configuration optimization analysis on the water-saving technologies. The target model is unchanged, the decision variables are water-saving technologies such as pipe irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, microcosmic irrigation, drip irrigation, covering and soil moisture conservation, and the obtained entropy weight evaluation values of different water-saving technologies are shown as the following table:
TABLE 2 entropy weight evaluation values of different water-saving irrigation techniques
(3) Comprehensive water-saving configuration scheme design
TABLE 3 different water-saving allocation schemes
(4) Pareto frontier based multi-scheme selection
Decision variables are ① allocation amounts of surface water and underground water resources in different crop growth stages and ② irrigation area crop planting structures.
Irrigation net benefit target: the irrigation net benefit target reflects the contribution of agricultural irrigation water resources to the economic development of irrigation areas. Different planting structures and irrigation water quantities directly affect crop yield and thus local farmer income conditions. When water and soil resources are optimally configured, irrigation net benefits of irrigation areas are important guidance targets for measuring agricultural planting benefits. The crops in the irrigation area are divided into two types according to the production function of whether the water can be obtained or not, and different net benefit characterization methods are adopted to divide the crops into two types: regarding crops which can obtain a moisture production function, marking the crops as first-class crops, representing the relation between the crop yield and the irrigation water amount by using a secondary moisture production function, multiplying the relation by the crop price to obtain the wool irrigation benefit of the crops, and subtracting the crop production cost from the wool irrigation benefit to obtain the net irrigation benefit, wherein the crop production cost comprises planting cost, water charge and the like; for crops which are difficult to obtain a water production function, marking the crops as second type crops, and representing the relationship between the irrigation water quantity and the irrigation net benefit by using single water benefit, wherein the total irrigation net benefit of an irrigation area is the sum of the irrigation net benefits of the first type crops and the second type crops, and the first target of the optimization model is that the total irrigation net benefit is maximum, and is specifically expressed as
maxf1＝Bc-Cc+Ne
Irrigation efficiency of first crop hair in formula BcProduction cost CcAnd net irrigation benefit N of second cropeThe expressions are respectively:
wherein the secondary water production function Y of the whole growth period of the cropsiIs shown as
Irrigation benefit target of single irrigation water: for the areas with water resource shortage, the reasonable and high-efficient utilization of agricultural water resources has important significance for the sustainable development of society, ecology and the like. Therefore, when the water and soil resources of the irrigation area are optimally configured, the water resource management department of the irrigation area not only pursues the maximum net irrigation benefit, but also ensures that the local water resource utilization efficiency (i.e. the income obtained by using the unit water quantity) is as large as possible. The single water benefit is used for representing the utilization efficiency of water resources in irrigation areas, and particularly
① restriction of available surface water quantity, that is, the total quantity of surface water irrigation water of all crops in irrigation area per month should not exceed the available quantity of effective surface water, for irrigation area, the available quantity of effective surface water should deduct the leakage loss in the course of canal system water delivery and field irrigation, specifically expressed as
② restriction of crop water demand and irrigation water quantity, in order to guarantee the growth condition of crops, the monthly water consumption of the first class of crops with rich experimental data should be larger than the minimum water demand, the crop water consumption is simplified into the sum of surface water, groundwater irrigation quantity and effective rainfall, the minimum water demand can be determined by multiplying the crop evapotranspiration quantity by a coefficient smaller than 1, and for the second class of crops, the restriction of the total irrigation quantity can be applied according to the actual production experience.
③ conversion constraint of surface water and underground water, wherein the amount of underground water should not exceed the amount of supply to ensure the balance of mining and supplying when irrigation is carried out by using underground water resource according to the principle of water balance
④ land resource constraint, in order to ensure the safety of local grain and the balance of planting structure, the maximum and minimum planting area constraint is given.
⑤ are not negative constraints.
And points on the Pareto frontier plane are the optimal solution set of the multi-objective optimization problem.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the calculation analysis and evaluation of the water-saving potential value also have a plurality of different methods, and parameters required for calculating the water-saving potential value after implementing different water-saving modes are different; most scholars estimate the water-saving potential based on the calculated reduction of irrigation water after a certain water-saving measure is implemented. The invention obtains the total quantity of irrigation water reduction in irrigation areas under different irrigation modes mainly by transverse accumulation.
Taking the entropy weight evaluation value as a benefit coefficient, and establishing an irrigation entropy weight coefficient model by taking the maximum comprehensive evaluation benefit z as a target; the method comprises the following steps of taking economic benefit, social requirement, ecological benefit and investment quota of an ecological irrigation area as evaluation indexes, and finally obtaining entropy weight evaluation values of different water-saving influence factors; and performing comprehensive configuration optimization analysis on the water-saving technology by adopting the entropy weight coefficient model method. The target model is not changed, the decision variables are water-saving technologies such as pipe irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, microcosmic irrigation, drip irrigation, covering and soil moisture conservation, and entropy weight evaluation values of different water-saving technologies are obtained.
A traditional method for converting multiple targets into a single target and then solving can only obtain one point on a Pareto frontier, and abundant game information among the targets is ignored. The whole Pareto optimal solution set is solved, the game relation among the targets can be shown, more decision support information is provided, the weight of each target does not need to be determined in advance, a large number of non-inferior configuration schemes can provide more choices for the decision making process, and different preference requirements of different decision makers are met. According to the implementation effect of each scheme, the improvement of the crop yield of the irrigation area, the change of the ecological environment of the irrigation area and the surrounding, the change of the climate and the change of rainfall and the like are comprehensively analyzed, the change of the irrigation area and the surrounding underground water level is reflected according to the growth condition of dominant crops around the irrigation area, whether the water-saving potential is improved or not, whether the crop yield is improved or not, whether the investment quota is smaller than the current investment or not and whether the ecological environment is improved or not are comprehensively judged under the technical modes and irrigation systems of the current implementation of each water-saving scheme and the irrigation area, and when the decision preference is changed, the new selection can be carried out in Pareto solution concentration without recalculation.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional method for applying the solution concept of the present invention to a 2010-2013 release gate field planting structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the change of the planting structure of the irrigation area;
fig. 3 is a front view of pareto according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The release gate irrigation area has certain typicality and uniqueness. The planting structure of the liberation gate irrigation area mainly comprises sunflower, corn and wheat, and the three account for about 80 percent. The planting proportion of wheat in the irrigation area of the liberation gate accounts for 20-30 percent and is higher than the average level of the irrigation area of the river sleeve. From the planting area of wheat, wheat production in the river-sleeve irrigation areas 1/3-1/2 is carried out by the irrigation area of the liberation gate. As can be seen from the change of the planting proportion of the main crops in 2010-2013, the change of the planting proportion of the irrigation area of the liberation gate is basically consistent with that of the irrigation area of the river sleeve: the wheat and the sunflower have larger fluctuation, the wheat is obviously reduced in 2011, the sunflower is obviously increased, the wheat is recovered in 2010 in 2012, the wheat is reduced in 2013,
the number of sunflowers is increased; for the corn, the planting proportion in 2010-2013 is stably increased.
The water-saving scheme for establishing the irrigation system is as follows
TABLE 4 Water-saving regulation and control scheme for irrigation system
According to the calculation of the irrigation water model and the irrigation guarantee rate model, the water-saving effect of different water-saving measure schemes is shown in table 4. Wherein the amount of water used to increase the assurance rate of irrigation during the growth period is deducted. Aiming at water saving measures of the autumn irrigation part, water saving cannot be used for irrigation in the growth period, so that the water saving amount is the real water saving amount. In the irrigation technology, the proportion of irrigation of crops by applying the measures of sprinkling irrigation, microcosmic irrigation, drip irrigation and agricultural water conservation is assumed to be 100%, so that the water conservation quantity is also the real water conservation quantity.
TABLE 5 prediction models for each water conservation scheme
By adopting a single water saving measure, the irrigation system can realize real water saving of 1.76% by optimization, the non-sufficient irrigation can realize real water saving of 6.38%, the autumn watering quota optimization can realize real water saving of 7.67%, the autumn watering film covering technology can realize real water saving of 10.90%, the sunflower can realize real water saving of 8.23% without autumn watering, the field water utilization coefficient (feasible condition) can be improved to realize real water saving of 1.29%, the canal water utilization coefficient (feasible condition) can be improved to realize real water saving of 4.53%, and the under-film drip irrigation technology can realize real water saving of 8.60%.
By adopting a comprehensive water-saving scheme and optimizing an irrigation system and an autumn irrigation system, the water can be saved by 8.50 percent; further considering the elimination of the autumn watering of the sunflowers, the water can be saved by 11.09 percent. If long-term and vigorous water-saving transformation is carried out, the utilization coefficient of irrigation water is improved, and water can be saved by 13.12%. Other extreme solutions are not feasible in the current state of the art, regulatory level, and economic feasibility.
Claims (6)
1. A comprehensive measure configuration method for realizing water saving and diving in an ecological irrigation area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) analyzing the existing water saving technology of the irrigation area, configuring water saving measures and calculating a water saving potential evaluation result;
(2) analyzing water-saving potential influence factors of the irrigation area, and establishing an entropy weight model under a multi-constraint condition;
(3) designing a new comprehensive water-saving configuration scheme according to factors such as planting structure adjustment and the like;
(4) and realizing multi-scheme comparison and selection of comprehensive measure configuration of maximum ecological excavation by utilizing pareto frontier.
2. The comprehensive measure configuration method for realizing water saving and diving in the ecological irrigation area as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the step (1) of calculating the water-saving potential evaluation result specifically comprises the following steps:
setting a target water production rate, determining an irrigation area with water-saving potential and a lifting amplitude, comparing the difference value of the actual water production efficiency and the target water production efficiency, and obtaining the agricultural water-saving potential of the irrigation area by combining crop yield; the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula: CWP denotes the water production efficiency, kg/m3(ii) a CY denotes the crop yield, kg/hm2；ETIRepresents the evapotranspiration in the irrigated land, mm; SAV indicates the amount of water saved, i.e. the potential value of water saving, m3；CYaiRepresenting the actual grain yield, kg, of the crop of the ith area unit; CWPaiActual moisture production, kg/m, indicating that the ith area cell is below the target moisture production area cell3；CWPaimIndicates the target moisture production efficiency, kg/m3。
3. The comprehensive measure configuration method for realizing water saving and diving in the ecological irrigation area as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the step (2) of establishing the entropy weight model under the multi-constraint condition specifically comprises the following steps:
for agricultural irrigation water demand, as the water demand is closely related to the current weather condition, the more natural rainfall, the less irrigation water needs to be taken from the river channel; reference crop water demand ET0Mainly reflects the influence of meteorological factors on the water demand of crops, and adopts a Penman-Monteith equation recommended by the food and agriculture organization of the United nations to calculate; the meteorological factors comprise air temperature, humidity, sunshine hours and wind speed; the formula is as follows:
in the formula: rnMJ/(m2.d) is the net radiation dose on the surface of the crop; g is the soil heat flux, MJ/(m2. d); gamma is the dry-wet table constant, kPa/DEG C; t is the daily average temperature, DEG C; u. of2The wind speed is 2m above the ground, m/s; e.g. of the typeaSaturated water vapor pressure, kPa; e.g. of the typedActual water vapor pressure, kPa; delta is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-temperature curve, kPa/DEG C;
on the basis of ensuring the crop yield of an irrigation area, the maximum potential of water saving is realized, the planting structures of different crops need to be comprehensively configured and optimized, the crops mainly planted in the irrigation area are taken as decision variables, and the entropy weight evaluation value lambda is takeniAs a benefit coefficient, with the maximum comprehensive evaluation benefit z as a target, an irrigation entropy weight coefficient model can be established as follows:
an objective function:
z＝λ1x1+λ2x2+...+λixi；
the constraints are as follows:
① Water consumption constraints:
a1+a2+...+ai≤c；
aithe irrigation water quantity required by the ith factor, and c is the total quantity of water which can be used for field irrigation under the current condition;
② cultivated area constraint:
b1+b2+...bi≤A；
wherein A is the total planting area;
③ investment quota constraints:
c1x1+c2x2+...cixi≤M；
m is the total investment quota under the current condition;
④ constraints on economic efficiency:
m1+m2+...+mi≥N；
mifor the economic benefit brought by the ith influencing factor,n is the total economic benefit of the current situation of the irrigation area;
the method comprises the following steps of taking economic benefit, social requirement, ecological benefit and investment quota of the upstream and middle regions of the yellow river as evaluation indexes, and finally obtaining entropy weight evaluation values of different water-saving influence factors;
the entropy method can judge the dispersion degree of the index, and the larger the dispersion degree is, the larger the influence of the comprehensive evaluation result is; the entropy method weighting is to determine the weight of the index through a judgment matrix formed by evaluating index values, can objectively and orderly reflect the data information of the selected scheme, and avoids the subjectivity of weighting; the calculation steps are as follows:
establishing judgment matrixes of m evaluation indexes of n schemes: r ═ gij)n×m；
Because the measurement units of all indexes are different, in order to prevent the indexes from being homogenized, normalization processing is carried out before comprehensive evaluation, and the values of the indexes are converted into relative values; namely, the judgment matrix is normalized to obtain a normalized judgment matrix D as follows:
in the formula: gmax、gminRespectively is the maximum value and the minimum value under the same index;
according to the definition of entropy, n modes and m evaluation indexes, the entropy of the evaluation indexes can be determined as follows:
calculating the entropy weight f of the evaluation indexij：
Performing comprehensive configuration optimization analysis on the water-saving technology by adopting the entropy weight coefficient model method; the target model is unchanged, and the decision variables are the following water-saving technologies: and performing pipe irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, microcosmic irrigation, drip irrigation and soil moisture preservation in a covering manner to obtain entropy weight evaluation values of different water-saving technologies.
4. The comprehensive measure configuration method for realizing water saving and diving in the ecological irrigation area as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the design of the comprehensive water-saving configuration scheme in the step (3) is as follows:
analyzing three water-saving configuration methods of planting structure adjustment, water-saving irrigation technology optimal configuration and irrigation system optimal configuration, and designing a new comprehensive water-saving configuration scheme according to planting structure adjustment factors.
5. The comprehensive measure configuration method for realizing water saving and potential digging of the ecological irrigation area as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the design of the comprehensive water-saving configuration scheme in the step (3) is as follows:
analyzing three water-saving configuration methods of planting structure adjustment, water-saving irrigation technology optimal configuration and irrigation system optimal configuration, and designing a new comprehensive water-saving configuration scheme according to planting structure adjustment factors.
6. The comprehensive measure configuration method for realizing water saving and potential digging of the ecological irrigation area as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the step (4) is to establish a Pareto frontier-based ecological irrigation area water-saving excavation and diving scheme comparison model, and solve the whole Pareto optimal solution set, specifically:
decision variables are ① allocation amounts of surface water and underground water resources in different crop growth stages, ② irrigation area crop planting structures;
irrigation net benefit target: the irrigation net benefit target reflects the contribution condition of agricultural irrigation water resources to the economic development of an irrigation area; different planting structures and irrigation water amount directly affect crop yield, thereby affecting the income condition of local farmers; when water and soil resources are optimally configured, irrigation net benefits of irrigation areas are an important guide target for measuring agricultural planting benefits; dividing crops in the irrigation area into two types according to the available moisture production function, and adopting different net benefit characterization methods;
crops are divided into two categories: regarding crops which can obtain a moisture production function, marking the crops as first-class crops, representing the relation between the crop yield and the irrigation water amount by using a secondary moisture production function, multiplying the relation by the crop price to obtain the wool irrigation benefit of the crops, and subtracting the crop production cost from the wool irrigation benefit to obtain the net irrigation benefit, wherein the crop production cost comprises the planting cost and the water charge; regarding crops which are difficult to obtain a moisture production function, marking the crops as second type crops, and representing the relation between the irrigation water quantity and the net irrigation benefit by using single water benefit;
the total net irrigation benefit of the irrigation area is the sum of the net irrigation benefits of the first type crops and the second type crops, and the first target of the optimization model is that the total net irrigation benefit is maximum, which is specifically expressed as:
maxfh＝Bc-Cc+Ne；
irrigation efficiency of first crop hair in formula BcProduction cost CcAnd net irrigation benefit N of second cropeThe expressions are respectively:
wherein the secondary water production function Y of the whole growth period of the cropsiExpressed as:
use the unilateral water benefit to characterize irrigated area water resource utilization efficiency, specifically do:
constraint conditions are as follows:
①, the available water quantity of surface water is restricted, the total surface water irrigation quantity of all crops in irrigation areas per month should not exceed the available water quantity of effective surface water, and for water diversion irrigation areas, the available water quantity of effective surface water should deduct leakage loss in channel system water delivery and field irrigation processes, which is specifically expressed as:
② restriction of water demand and irrigation water quantity of crops, wherein to ensure the growth condition of crops, the monthly water consumption of the first class of crops with rich experimental data is larger than the minimum water demand, the water consumption of the crops is simplified into the sum of surface water, groundwater irrigation quantity and effective rainfall, the minimum water demand can be determined by multiplying the crop evapotranspiration quantity by a coefficient less than 1, and for the second class of crops, the restriction of the total irrigation quantity can be applied according to the actual production experience;
③ conversion constraint of surface water and underground water, according to the principle of water balance, when using underground water resource to irrigate to protect underground water resource, the amount of the exploited underground water should not exceed the supply amount, and the balance of the underground water in the irrigation area is guaranteed, the expression is:
④ land resource constraint, in order to ensure the safety of local grain and the balance of planting structure, the maximum and minimum planting area constraint is given:
⑤ non-negative constraints:
and points on the Pareto frontier plane are the optimal solution set of the multi-objective optimization problem.
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