CN110437066A - 一种羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法 - Google Patents
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- C07C67/28—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/293—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the hydroxylic moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法,涉及有机合成技术领域。所述羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法,采用含氟偶联剂,具体步骤如下:1)将含氟偶联剂与N‑甲基吗啉以物质的量之比为1:1~2加入到反应器中,加入无水四氢呋喃,在N2保护、0‑5℃下搅拌5~20 min;2)将羧酸类化合物加入到反应器中,继续反应15~45 min后,再将醇类化合物加入到反应器中,室温反应48~60 h,停止反应;3)过滤除去固体杂质,旋蒸除去有机溶剂,用乙醇重结晶或柱层析得到羧酸酯类化合物。本发明提供羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法能够降低合成羧酸酯类化合物的反应难度,实现在室温的温和条件下高效合成羧酸酯类化合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法。
背景技术
羧酸酯类化合物广泛存在于各类天然产物中,具有良好的生物活性和丰富的反应性,可作为中间体用于多种功能有机分子的合成。因此羧酸酯类化合物是一种重要的有机化工中间体和药物中间体。
传统的羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法主要有两种,一是羧酸和醇在强碱或强酸条件下缩合反应制成。二是通过醇和羧酸衍生物(如酰卤或酸酐等之间的亲核取代反应)。第一种方法的不适用于一些对酸碱敏感的酯类化合物的合成,第二种方法所用的高活性羧酸衍生物以羧酸为原料,反应条件苛刻,通常要在无水无氧加热条件下反应,反应还伴随有大量副产物的生成,因而造成资源浪费和环境污染。有研究者采用均相催化剂,在反应中具有高活性高选择性等优点,但是用量大,且反应后不易分离提纯,同时还存在着有毒有害重金属的残留问题,制约了其在工业生产中的实际应用。
基于这些研究现状,需要研究并开发羧酸酯类化合物的温和、简捷、高效的合成新方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述不足,本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中,羧酸酯类化合物的合成条件苛刻、合成反应困难,并且在合成时还会造成环境的污染的问题,提供一种羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是这样的:
一种羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法,采用含氟偶联剂,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
1)将含氟偶联剂与N-甲基吗啉以物质的量之比为1:1~2加入到反应器中,加入无水四氢呋喃,在N2保护、0-5℃下搅拌5~20min;
2)将羧酸类化合物加入到反应器中,继续反应15~45min后,再将醇类化合物加入到反应器中,室温反应48~60h,停止反应;
3)过滤除去固体杂质,旋蒸除去有机溶剂,用乙醇重结晶或柱层析得到羧酸酯类化合物。
所述含氟偶联剂、羧酸类化合物及醇类化合物的摩尔比为1~2:1:1。
采用含氟偶联剂合成羧酸酯类化合物的合成路线如下所示:
其中,NMM为N-甲基吗啉。R1为氟醇链,氟醇链低于6个碳原子,即HCF2(CF2)mCH2OH(1≤m≤5)。R2为直链或支链烷基、苯基或取代苯基、芳杂基、烯烃等有机化合物,单糖、寡糖、多糖、肽、多肽、蛋白质等生物活性分子,高分子化合物等;R3为直链或支链烷基、苯基或取代苯基、芳杂基、烯烃等有机化合物,单糖、寡糖、多糖、肽、多肽、蛋白质等生物活性分子,高分子化合物等。
进一步,所述含氟偶联剂为2-氯-4,6-二(2(m+1)氟(m+2)氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,其结构式为:
其中,R1为低于6个碳的含氟醇链,R1的结构通式为HCF2(CF2)mCH2OH(1≤m≤5)。
所述2-氯-4,6-二(2(m+1)氟(m+2)氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪的合成路线如下所示:
进一步,所述的含氟偶联剂的合成方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将三聚氯嗪加入到三口瓶中,无水二氯甲烷做溶剂,在N2保护、0-5℃下搅拌均匀,再向反应瓶中加入氢氧化钠继续搅拌;其中,三聚氯嗪和氢氧化钠的摩尔比为1:2.2~4;
(2)将含氟醇链用二氯甲烷稀释后缓慢滴加到三口烧瓶中,在0-5℃下反应2h,然后缓慢升温至回流,反应4h,停止反应;其中,三聚氯嗪与含氟醇链的摩尔比为1:2.1~2.5;
(3)依次用去离子水、5%HCl溶液以及去离子水反复洗反应液直至中性,旋蒸除去CH2Cl2和含氟醇链,得到含氟偶联剂。
所述含氟醇链为八氟戊醇或四氟丙醇。
所述含氟醇链为八氟戊醇,合成得到的含氟偶联剂为2-氯-4,6-二(八氟戊氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,其结构式为:
所述含氟醇链为四氟丙醇,合成得到的含氟偶联剂为2-氯-4,6-二(四氟丙氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,其结构式为:
相比现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明提供的羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法,由于采用了含氟偶联剂,该含氟偶联剂将不容易参与反应的羧基转换成具有反应性的酰氧基三嗪,从而降低了合成羧酸酯类化合物的反应难度,实现在室温的温和条件下高效合成羧酸酯类化合物。该方法提供的合成步骤简单,反应高效、可控,并且使用的含氟偶联剂在反应后容易降解,对环境非常友好。本发明提供的羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法在有机合成化学及药物化学等研究领域具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
2、本发明采用的含氟偶联剂能够与N-甲基吗啉迅速生成吗啉盐,而吗啉盐与含羧基的化合物反应,能够脱去N-甲基吗啉盐酸盐而生成具有反应性的酰氧基三嗪,从而实现对羧基的活化,且活化效果好。
3、由于本发明中采用的含氟偶联剂的三聚氯嗪的两条支链均为低于六个碳原子氟醇链,因而能够生物降解,并且不具有生物累积性,对环境友好,为绿色环保的偶联剂,确保整个合成过程环保健康。
附图说明
图1为2-氯-4,6-二(八氟戊氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪的1H-NMR谱图。
图2为2-氯-4,6-二(八氟戊氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪的13C-NMR谱图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
一、含氟偶联剂的合成
实施例1
2-氯-4,6-二(八氟戊氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪的合成,合成路线如下图所示:
具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将三聚氯嗪(3.68g,0.02mol)和40mL无水二氯甲烷加入到250mL三口瓶中,在N2保护、0-5℃下搅拌均匀,再向反应瓶中加入氢氧化钠(3.2g,0.08mol)继续搅拌。
(2)将八氟戊醇(7mL,0.05mol)用二氯甲烷(20mL)稀释后缓慢滴加到三口烧瓶中,在0-5℃下反应2h,然后缓慢升温至回流,反应4h,停止反应。
(3)依次用去离子水、5%HCl溶液、去离子水反复洗反应液,直至中性。旋蒸除去CH2Cl2和多余的八氟戊醇,得到含氟偶联剂2-氯-4,6-二(八氟戊氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪。含氟偶联剂2-氯-4,6-二(八氟戊氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪的核磁共振氢谱和碳谱如图1和图2所示。
从图1可以看出,化学位移在5.99-6.17ppm的峰代表2-氯-4,6-二(八氟戊氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪的支链八氟戊醇末端的氢,化学位移在4.98ppm的峰代表醚上的氢。从图2可以看出化学位移在173.18和170.2ppm处的峰分别是三聚氯嗪上的醚碳和与氯连接的碳,64.11ppm处的峰是支链上与醚相邻的亚甲基碳,105.85-113.91ppm处的峰分别是支链上的氟碳。图1、图2表明,八氟戊醇成功连接到了三聚氯嗪上。
实施例2
2-氯-4,6-二(四氟丙氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪的合成,合成路线如下图所示:
具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将三聚氯嗪(3.68g,0.02mol)和40mL无水二氯甲烷加入到250mL三口瓶中,在N2保护、0-5℃下搅拌均匀,再向反应瓶中加入氢氧化钠(3.2g,0.08mol)继续搅拌。
(2)将四氟丙醇(4.44mL,0.05mol)用二氯甲烷(20mL)稀释后缓慢滴加到三口烧瓶中,在0-5℃下反应2h,然后缓慢升温至回流,反应4h,停止反应。
(3)依次用去离子水、5%HCl溶液、去离子水反复洗反应液,直至中性。旋蒸除去CH2Cl2和多余的四氟丙醇,得到含氟偶联剂2-氯-4,6-二(四氟丙氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪。该化合物的表征数据如下:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.89-6.02(m,2H),4.238(t,4H).
二、羧酸酯类化合物的合成
实施例3
苯甲酸正丁酯的合成,合成路线如下图所示:
具体包括以下步骤:
1)将实施例1合成的含氟偶联剂2-氯-4,6-二(八氟戊氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪(2g,3.48mmol)与N-甲基吗啉0.35g,3.48mmol)加入到反应器中,加入40mL无水四氢呋喃,在N2保护、0-5℃下搅拌15min;
2)将与苯甲酸(0.424g,3.48mmol)加入到反应液中,继续反应30min后,再将正丁醇(0.258g,3.48mmol)加入到反应器中,室温反应48h,停止反应;
3)过滤除去固体杂质,旋蒸除去有机溶剂,用硅胶柱分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=40:1)层析得到无色油状液体苯甲酸正丁酯。该化合物的表征数据如下:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.05(t,2H),7.55(q,1H),7.44(q,2H),4.33(q,2H),1.76(m,2H),1.48(m,2H),0.98(m,3H)。
实施例4
甘氨酸葡萄糖酯的合成,合成路线如下图所示:
具体包括以下步骤:
1)将实施例1合成的含氟偶联剂2-氯-4,6-二(八氟戊氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪(2g,3.48mmol)与N-甲基吗啉(0.35g,3.48mmol)加入到反应器中,加入40mL无水四氢呋喃,在N2保护、0-5℃下搅拌15min;
2)将Boc基团保护的甘氨酸(0.609g,3.48mmol)加入到反应液中,继续反应30min后,再将葡萄糖(0.626g,3.48mmol)加入到反应器中,室温反应48h,停止反应;
3)过滤除去固体杂质,旋蒸除去有机溶剂,用冷冻干燥得到Boc保护的甘氨酸葡萄糖酯;
4)Boc保护的甘氨酸葡萄糖酯脱保护,得到甘氨酸葡萄糖酯。该化合物的表征数据如下:1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO)δ:8.76(s,2H),5.74(t,1H),4.32-4.88(m,4H),4.06(t,4H),3.60-3.70(m,4H),4.32(s,1H),1.75(t,2H)。
实施例5
苯甲酸正丁酯的合成,合成路线如下图所示:
具体包括以下步骤:
1)将实施例2制备的含氟偶联剂2-氯-4,6-二(四氟丙氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪(2g,5.33mmol)与N-甲基吗啉(0.54g,5.33mmol)加入到反应器中,加入40mL无水四氢呋喃,在N2保护、0-5℃下搅拌15min;
2)将苯甲酸(0.65g,5.33mmol)加入到反应液中,继续反应30min,再将正丁醇(0.759g,3.48mmol)加入到反应器中,室温反应48h,停止反应;
3)过滤除去固体杂质,旋蒸除去有机溶剂,用硅胶柱分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=40:1)层析得到无色油状液体苯甲酸正丁酯。该化合物的表征数据如下:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.05(t,2H),7.55(q,1H),7.44(q,2H),4.33(q,2H),1.76(m,2H),1.48(m,2H),0.98(m,3H)。
最后需要说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制技术方案,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,那些对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (7)
1.一种羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法,采用含氟偶联剂,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
1)将含氟偶联剂与N-甲基吗啉以物质的量之比为1:1~2加入到反应器中,加入无水四氢呋喃,在N2保护、0-5℃下搅拌5~20min;
2)将羧酸类化合物加入到反应器中,继续反应15~45min后,再将醇类化合物加入到反应器中,室温反应48~60h,停止反应;
3)过滤除去固体杂质,旋蒸除去有机溶剂,用乙醇重结晶或柱层析得到羧酸酯类化合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述含氟偶联剂、羧酸类化合物及醇类化合物的摩尔比为1~2:1:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述含氟偶联剂为2-氯-4,6-二(2(m+1)氟(m+2)氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,其结构式为:
其中,R1为低于6个碳的含氟醇链,R1的结构通式为HCF2(CF2)mCH2OH(1≤m≤5)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的含氟偶联剂的合成方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将三聚氯嗪加入到三口瓶中,无水二氯甲烷做溶剂,在N2保护、0-5℃下搅拌均匀,再向反应瓶中加入氢氧化钠继续搅拌;其中,三聚氯嗪和氢氧化钠的摩尔比为1:2.2~4;
(2)将含氟醇链用二氯甲烷稀释后缓慢滴加到三口烧瓶中,在0-5℃下反应2h,然后缓慢升温至回流,反应4h,停止反应;其中,三聚氯嗪与含氟醇链的摩尔比为1:2.1~2.5;
(3)依次用去离子水、5%HCl溶液以及去离子水反复洗反应液直至中性,旋蒸除去CH2Cl2和含氟醇链,得到含氟偶联剂。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述含氟醇链为八氟戊醇或四氟丙醇。
6.根据权利要求5所述的羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述含氟醇链为八氟戊醇,合成得到的含氟偶联剂为2-氯-4,6-二(八氟戊氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,其结构式为:
7.根据权利要求5所述的羧酸酯类化合物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述含氟醇链为四氟丙醇,合成得到的含氟偶联剂为2-氯-4,6-二(四氟丙氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,其结构式为:
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