CN110436909B - 一种陶瓷砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种陶瓷砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110436909B
CN110436909B CN201910781691.6A CN201910781691A CN110436909B CN 110436909 B CN110436909 B CN 110436909B CN 201910781691 A CN201910781691 A CN 201910781691A CN 110436909 B CN110436909 B CN 110436909B
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于绍清
田荣环
王新华
刘桂明
张云星
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Anyang Beilitai Ceramics Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种陶瓷砖及其制备方法,属于瓷砖生产技术领域,包括坯料和釉料,其特征在于:所述坯料由以下重量份数的原料制成:硅灰石15‑20份、硅藻土15‑20份、铁尾矿10‑15份、轻烧白云石8‑12份、刚玉粉7‑10份、碳化硅3‑5份、活性氧化铝3‑5份和硅酸钠2‑4份。通过坯料和釉料的配方进行改进,产品的成本低,强度高,坯料与釉料粘结力强。

Description

一种陶瓷砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及瓷砖生产技术领域,尤其是涉及一种陶瓷砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷砖是由粘土和其他无机非金属原料,经成型、烧结等工艺生产的板状或块状陶瓷制品,是常用的建筑装修材料,广泛用于居民住宅、公共场所的建筑物墙面或地面装饰,目前市场对陶瓷砖的要求倾向于美观、质量轻、强度高等方面,现有技术中还开发出具有保温、隔音、抗菌等性能的陶瓷砖。
中国专利文献(公开号CN105272163)公开一种环保陶瓷砖生坯、环保陶瓷砖及该陶瓷砖的制备方法,所述环保陶瓷砖生胚按质量份数计包括以下组分 :白云石质粘土20-25份、陶瓷废料35-56份、石灰石10-15份、铝矿5-10 份、软质粘土8-15份。本发明所述抛光废料陶瓷砖其生坯强度大于0.25MPa,生坯干燥强度大于1.8MPa;成品白度高,高于同类产品的白度;极大的减少对环境的污染,将陶瓷废料变废为宝。该专利将陶瓷废料用于陶瓷砖的制备,能够节约成本,但是没有考虑到瓷砖的强度。
中国专利CN106800422A公开一种陶瓷砖的制造方法,包括如下步骤:A、 选用陶瓷砖常用原料制成泥坯,其中所述泥坯由底料和面料布料冲压成型,其中,在压制前向所述面料加入占其质量分数2-8%的白炭黑、0-2%的钛白粉、0-1%的氧化锌;B、布施有机渗透色釉墨水;C、布施有机助渗剂墨水;D、在50-200℃温度下干燥10-60分钟得到陶瓷砖泥坯;E、入窑在1150-1250℃烧成;F、抛光、磨边后得到陶瓷砖。该发明提出一种陶瓷砖的制造方法,向面料中加入白炭黑组分进行球磨,有效的提高砖面的色彩明度及饱和度,可有效的促进发色,达到节约墨水的目的,烧成后的陶瓷砖强度也大大提高,但是该发明未考虑到泥坯与釉料的结合力。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种陶瓷砖,通过坯料和釉料的配方进行改进,产品的成本低,强度高,坯料与釉料粘结力强。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种陶瓷砖,包括坯料和釉料,所述坯料由以下重量份数的原料制成:硅灰石15-20份、硅藻土15-20份、铁尾矿10-15份、轻烧白云石8-12份、刚玉粉7-10份、碳化硅3-5份、活性氧化铝3-5份和硅酸钠2-4份。
进一步的,所述铁尾矿中SiO60-65%、Al2O7-8%、Fe2O7-8%、MgO 3-4%、K2O 1.5-2%、Na2O 1.5-2%。
进一步的,所述硅藻土为改性硅藻土,具体的制备方法为:
(1)将正丁醇和乙酸丁酯混合均匀,然后滴加去离子水,之后用HCl调节pH值为2.0,之后缓慢滴加正硅酸乙酯搅拌均匀,得正硅酸乙酯水解液,所述正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、去离子水、正硅酸乙酯的重量比为0.2:0.1:0.9:1;
(2)然后缓慢向正硅酸乙酯水解液中加入2-3倍重量质量分数为8-10%聚乙烯醇溶液,60℃下搅拌均匀,得改性液;
(3)将硅藻土与改性液按重量比1:2-3混合均匀,50-60℃烘干,得产品。
进一步的,所述硅藻土为改性硅藻土,具体的制备方法为:硅藻土在450-550℃下焙烧8-10h,然后在3-5倍重量的体积分数为20%的硫酸溶液中浸渍2-3h,水洗至中性后抽滤干燥得产品。
进一步的,所述釉料由以下重量份数的原料制成:长石15-20份、硅灰石15-20份、高岭土5-7份、氧化锌1-2份、滑石5-8份、硼砂2-3份、刚玉粉2-3份、硅酸钠2-4份、氧化淀粉0.5-1份。
进一步的,所述釉料的制备方法是:将釉料原料粉碎至80-100目,然后加入原料重量30-40%的水进行球磨,球磨后过250目筛,得产品。
一种权利要求1所述的陶瓷砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将坯料各个原料分别粉碎至80-100目,混合后球磨、造粒、陈腐后压制成型,干燥后得坯体;
(2)对坯体表面施釉,干燥后进行烧结,得到产品。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)中烧结过程为:缓慢升温至250℃,然后迅速升温至1150-1250℃,保温30-40min,得产品。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明公开一种陶瓷砖,对坯料和釉料的成分均进行优化和改进,其坯料压制烧结后的抗压强度可以达到28.2-31.0MPa,强度高,成本低,且具有一定的保温隔音性能。
2、本发明的陶瓷砖的坯料原料有硅藻土、铁尾矿、轻烧白云石、刚玉粉、碳化硅、活性氧化铝以及硅酸钠,采用铁尾矿为坯料原料一方面能解决铁尾矿利用率低的问题,降低生产成本,且另一方面铁尾矿中SiO2含量比较高,而刚玉粉中Al2O3含量高,轻烧白云石中CaO和MgO含量比较高,这几种成分混合,在烧结的过程中能形成SiO2-Al2O3-MgO和CaO-SiO2-Al2O3等玻璃相,这些晶相能够显著提高陶瓷砖的硬度和强度。且铁尾矿中还含有K2O和Na2O,在烧结过程中,可以与原料中的硅铝酸盐等形成灰熔点较低的钠长石和钾长石类络合物,从而降低烧结温度,且这些络合物也能增加坯体的致密性,从而增加强度。
另外还添加的少量的碳化硅,能大大增加产品的耐磨性;而活性氧化铝微分能够填充原料粉体之间的空隙,提高瓷砖粉体的流动性、密度、强度,同时与其他原料粉体结合得较好,从而使瓷砖粉体致密化,有利于促进烧结并确保烧结强度。
3、本发明的坯料中还加入有硅藻土,硅藻土的比表面积很大,孔隙率高,能够增加瓷砖的保温和隔音性能,且能够降低瓷砖的自重;但是硅藻土表面和空隙中杂质很多,导致硅藻土内部微孔不均匀,表面空隙被覆盖,且坯体高温焙烧时,硅藻土微孔的完整性和均匀性会受到破坏,部分微孔结构破坏,部分会连贯形成大空隙,降低瓷砖的强度,或形成封闭结构,影响其保温隔音性能;因此本发明对硅藻土进行改性处理,一种改性方法是对硅藻土先进行焙烧,除掉其表面和内部的一些水分以及一些有机成分等杂质,然后进行酸浸进一步溶解硅藻土表面和空隙中的杂质,还能疏通堵塞的微孔。另一改性方法是:将正硅酸乙酯水解物与聚乙烯醇的混合后,对硅藻土进行改性,其中正硅酸乙酯是采用酸进行水解,水解速度比较快,不会马上产生凝胶,与聚乙烯醇混合后,具有优异的成膜性和乳化性,对硅藻土的微孔和表面有比较强的的粘结力,能吸附在硅藻土微孔结构以及表面,其中正硅酸乙酯水解物中硅醇盐等一方面与硅藻土表面的羟基等交联,增强微孔的结构稳定性,另一方面也能在硅藻土的微孔结构中成膜,当高温焙烧时,聚乙烯醇在前期会缓慢碳化,而不影响硅藻土的微孔结构,而正硅酸乙酯水解缩聚的成膜物质能够防护硅藻土微孔结构的破坏,从而确保瓷砖的强度。
4、本发明中的瓷砖釉料是采用长石、硅灰石、高岭土、氧化锌、滑石、硼砂、刚玉粉、硅酸钠和氧化淀粉制备而成,其中刚玉粉的添加能提高釉的硬度、耐磨性和稳定性。氧化锌能增加釉层的光泽度和白度。另外釉料中还添加有氧化淀粉,氧化淀粉一方面成本比较低,另一方面氧化淀粉经过氧化后的产品,其中的羧基以及羰基数量比较多,氧化淀粉聚合度有所降低,因此其水溶性以及粘结力很强,混合在釉料中,能够防止釉料沉降,且能粘附在坯体和釉浆的界面,使釉料与坯体结合更加紧密,有助于增强陶瓷砖的强度。
5、本发明的坯料与釉料均采用少量的硅酸钠作为粘合剂,在烧结的阶段,釉料更容易渗透到坯体中,增加结合强度。且本发明采用大量的硅藻土,因此坯体中有大量的微孔结构,在烧结的过程中,釉料与坯体的交界处的氧化淀粉慢慢碳化形成微孔,且坯体中也含有大量的微孔结构,因此釉层中的玻璃相会慢慢向坯体中渗透,形成强度很高的中间层,进一步增强陶瓷砖的强度。
6、本申请陶瓷砖制备工艺与现有技术形同,主要是球磨、造粒、陈腐、压制、施釉后烧制而成,其中陶瓷砖烧结包括三个阶段,首先250℃之前是水分和一些易分解物的分解阶段,会导致坯料和釉料内部气孔率增加,然后是有机物氧化分解和晶型转变阶段,后续是固相熔融再结晶的国成,因此本申请在前期250℃之前是缓慢升温,有助于气孔均匀性,防止快速升温导致坯体快速收缩,后续是快速升温进行保温,确保制品内部反应完全具有很强的粘结性,能够使釉浆与坯体结合紧密,且能防止釉料沉降。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
一种陶瓷砖,包括坯料和釉料,其中坯料由以下重量份数的原料制成:硅灰石15份、硅藻土20份、铁尾矿10份、轻烧白云石8份、刚玉粉7份、碳化硅5份、活性氧化铝3份和硅酸钠2份。
所述铁尾矿中SiO60%、Al2O8%、Fe2O7%、MgO 3%、K2O 2%、Na2O 1.5%。
其中硅藻土为改性硅藻土,具体的改性方法为:硅藻土在450℃下焙烧10h,然后在3倍重量的体积分数为20%的硫酸溶液中浸渍2h,水洗至中性后抽滤干燥得产品。
其中釉料由以下重量份数的原料制成:长石15-20份、硅灰石15-20份、高岭土5-7份、氧化锌1-2份、滑石5-8份、硼砂2-3份、刚玉粉2-3份、硅酸钠2-4份,氧化淀粉0.5-1份。
釉料的制备方法是:将釉料原料粉碎至80目,然后加入原料重量30%的水进行球磨,球磨后过250目筛,得产品。
一种陶瓷砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将坯料各个原料分别粉碎至80目,混合后球磨、造粒、陈腐后压制成型,干燥后得坯体;
(2)对坯体表面施釉,釉层厚度为0.5mm,干燥后进行烧结,得到产品。
其中步骤(2)中烧结过程为:缓慢升温至250℃,然后迅速升温至1150℃,保温40min,得产品。
实施例2
一种陶瓷砖,包括坯料和釉料,其中坯料由以下重量份数的原料制成:硅灰石16份、硅藻土18份、铁尾矿11份、轻烧白云石9份、刚玉粉8份、碳化硅4份、活性氧化铝3.5份、硅酸钠2.5份。
所述铁尾矿中SiO61%、Al2O7.2%、Fe2O7.5%、MgO 3.2%、K2O 1.6%、Na2O 1.6%。
所述硅藻土为改性硅藻土,具体的改性方法为:硅藻土在550℃下焙烧8h,然后在5倍重量的体积分数为20%的硫酸溶液中浸渍3h,水洗至中性后抽滤干燥得产品。
其中釉料由以下重量份数的原料制成:长石16份、硅灰石19份、高岭土5份、氧化锌1.8份、滑石5份、硼砂2.2份、刚玉粉2.8份、硅酸钠2.5份,氧化淀粉0.6份。
釉料的制备方法是:将釉料原料粉碎至80目,然后加入原料重量35%的水进行球磨,球磨后过250目筛,得产品。
一种陶瓷砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将坯料各个原料分别粉碎至80目,混合后球磨、造粒、陈腐后压制成型,干燥后得坯体;
(2)对坯体表面施釉,干燥后进行烧结,得到产品。
步骤(2)中烧结过程为:缓慢升温至250℃,然后迅速升温至1180℃,保温40min,得产品。
实施例3
一种陶瓷砖,包括坯料和釉料,其中坯料由以下重量份数的原料制成:硅灰石18份、硅藻土17份、铁尾矿12份、轻烧白云石10份、刚玉粉9份、碳化硅3份、活性氧化铝4份、硅酸钠3份。
所述铁尾矿中SiO62%、Al2O7.5%、Fe2O7.6%、MgO 3.5%、K2O 1.8%、Na2O 1.7%。
其中硅藻土为改性硅藻土,具体的改性方法为:
(1)将正丁醇和乙酸丁酯混合均匀,然后滴加去离子水,之后用HCl调节pH值为2.0,之后缓慢滴加正硅酸乙酯搅拌均匀,得正硅酸乙酯水解液,所述正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、去离子水、正硅酸乙酯的重量比为0.2:0.1:0.9:1;
(2)然后缓慢向正硅酸乙酯水解液中加入2-3倍重量质量分数为8%聚乙烯醇溶液,60℃下搅拌均匀,得改性液;
(3)将硅藻土与改性液按重量比1:2混合均匀,50-60℃烘干,得产品。
其中釉料由以下重量份数的原料制成:长石18份、硅灰石18份、高岭土6份、氧化锌1.5份、滑石6份、硼砂2.5份、刚玉粉2.5份、硅酸钠3份、氧化淀粉0.8份。
釉料的制备方法是:将釉料原料粉碎至90目,然后加入原料重量36%的水进行球磨,球磨后过250目筛,得产品。
一种陶瓷砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将坯料各个原料分别粉碎至90目,混合后球磨、造粒、陈腐后压制成型,干燥后得坯体;
(2)对坯体表面施釉,干燥后进行烧结,得到产品。
步骤(2)中烧结过程为:缓慢升温至250℃,然后迅速升温至1200℃,保温35min,得产品。
实施例4
一种陶瓷砖,包括坯料和釉料,其中坯料由以下重量份数的原料制成:硅灰石19份、硅藻土16份、铁尾矿14份、轻烧白云石11份、刚玉粉8份、碳化硅4.5份、活性氧化铝4.5份、硅酸钠3.5份。
所述铁尾矿中SiO64%、Al2O7.8%、Fe2O7.7%、MgO 3.8%、K2O 1.5%、Na2O 1.9%。
所述硅藻土为改性硅藻土,具体的改性方法为:
(1)将正丁醇和乙酸丁酯混合均匀,然后滴加去离子水,之后用HCl调节pH值为2.0,之后缓慢滴加正硅酸乙酯搅拌均匀,得正硅酸乙酯水解液,所述正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、去离子水、正硅酸乙酯的重量比为0.2:0.1:0.9:1;
(2)然后缓慢向正硅酸乙酯水解液中加入2.5倍重量质量分数为9%聚乙烯醇溶液,60℃下搅拌均匀,得改性液;
(3)将硅藻土与改性液按重量比1:2.5混合均匀,55℃烘干,得产品。
其中步骤(3)中采用的硅藻土的制备方法为:硅藻土原料在500℃下焙烧9h,然后在4倍重量的体积分数为20%的硫酸溶液中浸渍2.5h,水洗至中性后抽滤干燥得产品;
其中釉料由以下重量份数的原料制成:长石19份、硅灰石16份、高岭土6份、氧化锌1.2份、滑石7份、硼砂2.8份、刚玉粉2.2份、硅酸钠3.5份、氧化淀粉0.9份。
釉料的制备方法是:将釉料原料粉碎至/90目,然后加入原料重量38%的水进行球磨,球磨后过250目筛,得产品。
一种陶瓷砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将坯料各个原料分别粉碎至90目,混合后球磨、造粒、陈腐后压制成型,干燥后得坯体;
(2)对坯体表面施釉,干燥后进行烧结,得到产品。
步骤(2)中烧结过程为:缓慢升温至250℃,然后迅速升温至1250℃,保温35min,得产品。
实施例5
一种陶瓷砖,包括坯料和釉料,其中坯料由以下重量份数的原料制成:硅灰石20份、硅藻土15份、铁尾矿15份、轻烧白云石12份、刚玉粉10份、碳化硅3.5份、活性氧化铝5份、硅酸钠4份。
所述铁尾矿中SiO65%、Al2O7.0%、Fe2O8.0%、MgO 3.9%、K2O 1.5%、Na2O 1.9%。
所述硅藻土为改性硅藻土,具体的改性方法为:
(1)将正丁醇和乙酸丁酯混合均匀,然后滴加去离子水,之后用HCl调节pH值为2.0,之后缓慢滴加正硅酸乙酯搅拌均匀,得正硅酸乙酯水解液,所述正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、去离子水、正硅酸乙酯的重量比为0.2:0.1:0.9:1;
(2)然后缓慢向正硅酸乙酯水解液中加入2-3倍重量质量分数为8-10%聚乙烯醇溶液,60℃下搅拌均匀,得改性液;
(3)将硅藻土与改性液按重量比1:2.5混合均匀,55℃烘干,得产品。
其中步骤(3)中的硅藻土的制备方法为:硅藻土原料在500℃下焙烧9h,然后在4倍重量的体积分数为20%的硫酸溶液中浸渍2.5h,水洗至中性后抽滤干燥得产品。
其中釉料由以下重量份数的原料制成:长石20份、硅灰石15份、高岭土7份、氧化锌1份、滑石8份、硼砂3份、刚玉粉2份、硅酸钠4份,氧化淀粉1份。
釉料的制备方法是:将釉料原料粉碎至100目,然后加入原料重量40%的水进行球磨,球磨后过250目筛,得产品。
一种陶瓷砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将坯料各个原料分别粉碎至100目,混合后球磨、造粒、陈腐后压制成型,干燥后得坯体;
(2)对坯体表面施釉,干燥后进行烧结,得到产品。
步骤(2)中烧结过程为:25min内均匀缓慢升温至250℃,然后迅速升温至1250℃,保温35min,得产品。
性能检测
将实施例1-5制备的坯料压制成60×60×7mm的试样,分别按实施例1-5烧结温度烧结成品后检测其抗压强度,并检测试验的吸水率,具体方法是将试样放置在水中浸泡24h,根据质量变化测试吸水率,具体结果参见表1。
表1 性能检测结果
        抗压强度(MPa) 吸水率
实施例1 29.4 5.81%
实施例2 31.0 5.34%
实施例3 30.2 5.62%
实施例4 28.2 6.0%
实施例5 28.6 5.86%
本申请实施例1-5制备的陶瓷砖釉面细腻平滑,有光泽,没有肉眼可见的针孔和气泡;检测实施例1-5陶瓷砖坯体烧结成品的性能可知,其抗压强度为28.2-31.0MPa,吸水率为5.34-6.0%,说明本申请的坯料制备的产品强度高,且有一定的孔隙率,具有保温隔音性能。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其他修改或者等同替换,只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (5)

1.一种陶瓷砖,包括坯料和釉料,其特征在于:所述坯料由以下重量份数的原料制成:硅灰石15-20份、硅藻土15-20份、铁尾矿10-15份、轻烧白云石8-12份、刚玉粉7-10份、碳化硅3-5份、活性氧化铝3-5份和硅酸钠2-4份;
所述硅藻土为改性硅藻土,具体的制备方法为:
(1)将正丁醇和乙酸丁酯混合均匀,然后滴加去离子水,之后用HCl调节pH值为2.0,之后缓慢滴加正硅酸乙酯搅拌均匀,得正硅酸乙酯水解液,所述正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、去离子水、正硅酸乙酯的重量比为0.2:0.1:0.9:1;
(2)然后缓慢向正硅酸乙酯水解液中加入2-3倍重量质量分数为8-10%聚乙烯醇溶液,60℃下搅拌均匀,得改性液;
(3)将硅藻土与改性液按重量比1:2-3混合均匀,50-60℃烘干,得产品;
釉料由以下重量份数的原料制成:长石15-20份、硅灰石15-20份、高岭土5-7份、氧化锌1-2份、滑石5-8份、硼砂2-3份、刚玉粉2-3份、硅酸钠2-4份、氧化淀粉0.5-1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷砖,其特征在于:所述铁尾矿中SiO60-65%、Al2O7-8%、Fe2O7-8%、MgO 3-4%、K2O 1.5-2%、Na2O 1.5-2%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷砖,其特征在于:所述釉料的制备方法是:将釉料原料粉碎至80-100目,然后加入原料重量30-40%的水进行球磨,球磨后过250目筛,得产品。
4.一种权利要求1所述的陶瓷砖的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将坯料各个原料分别粉碎至80-100目,混合后球磨、造粒、陈腐后压制成型,干燥后得坯体;
(2)对坯体表面施釉,干燥后进行烧结,得到产品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的陶瓷砖的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中烧结过程为:缓慢升温至250℃,然后迅速升温至1150-1250℃,保温30-40min,得产品。
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