CN1104363C - 塑料货盘 - Google Patents

塑料货盘 Download PDF

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CN1104363C
CN1104363C CN98813857A CN98813857A CN1104363C CN 1104363 C CN1104363 C CN 1104363C CN 98813857 A CN98813857 A CN 98813857A CN 98813857 A CN98813857 A CN 98813857A CN 1104363 C CN1104363 C CN 1104363C
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CN1286666A (zh
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W·P·阿普斯
J·维尔克森
B·穆赛尔
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Rehrig Pacific Co Inc
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
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  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)

Abstract

一种由合成树脂制成的改进的货盘，其中上面板(10)的底部基本是平的，将上和下面板(10，40)分开的支承件(50，52，54)与下面板(40)整体成形，从该下面板(40)向上伸出，并紧固到上面板(10)的底部。支承件(50，52，54)的上端接收在位于上面板(10)底部的槽(14，16，18)中，槽(14，16，18)和支承件(50，52，54)优选地具有配合元件(20，62)，该配合元件(20，62)相互扣接配合，当面板(10，40)安装时将支承件(50，52，54)锁定在槽(14，16，18)中。优选地，支承件(50，52，54)为锥形，支承件(50，52，54)的下端宽于其上端。

Description

塑料货盘
本发明涉及用于支承货物、商品或其它材料的货盘，特别涉及通过叉车使用的由合成树脂制成的货盘。
由模制塑料材料制成的货盘与由木材或金属制成的货盘相比具有明显的优点。木制货盘重，会受到翘曲，劈开和破裂；在长度上不一致；且当潮湿时重量显著增加。金属货盘一般较昂贵，且在钢制的情况下很重且会受到腐蚀。塑料货盘，尽管比木制货盘强度更大、更轻且更加耐久，但仍具有其自身的缺点。
在将模制成本降到最小的努力中，一些塑料货盘设计成包括多个相同模制元件的模块单元，这些模制元件紧压、熔合或用其它方法紧固在一起而形成完整的货盘。美国专利Nos.4,051,787；4,597,338；和5,197,395中公开了这种类型货盘的例子。但这是一种折衷的方案，通常这种方案产生的货盘会比货盘上部和下部优化设计成用于其各种目的的情况需要更多的材料制成(并因而更重且材料成本更高)。
具体地，货盘的顶部面板应具有相对较小的开口，以充分支承基本横跨货盘整个上表面的载荷。它必须有足够的刚性(通常由坚固的筋提供)，这样才能防止过分的弯曲，无论是放置在叉车铲叉上，还是放置在分离上面板和下面板的支承件上；且其上面板不能有会聚集水或污物的凹槽或裂隙。上述专利中公开的货盘的顶部面板具有这些特点。相反，通常会放置在基本坚实的表面，如地板、甲板、货架或支架上的货盘的底部，在其与支承表面接触的底面上不必具有这么多材料。因此，塑料货盘的底面板可具有相对较大的开口，且只要设计上为加载货盘提供了足够的支承，在其底面可具有暴露的筋、凹槽和裂隙。货盘上面板翻转作为下面板，因此，其将具有比执行下面板功能实际需要的材料多。
美国专利No.4,051,787中的图8-19描述了一种在其底部面板具有相对较大开口的货盘的例子。但环绕这些开口的结构非常厚而重，并带有一可与一支承表面接触的大而封闭的底部表面区域。因而底部面板会比实际需要容纳更多的材料。
一些包括相同的模制半部的货盘需要多个单独的紧固件将半部紧固在一起。美国专利Nos.2,699,912和5,197,395公开了这些类型货盘的例子。单独紧固件的使用增加了成本及货盘结构的组装时间。
将塑料材料的数量减少到最小的努力使一些人设计出了混合结构，其中分散的加强杆被结合到模制货盘上。美国专利No.4,316,419公开了一个例子，它使用了插入模制到货盘中的通道中的金属加强杆。这些类型货盘的问题在于它们需要分别制造的附加零件，以及附加的组装步骤。
塑料货盘的另一个普遍问题是它们的表面很滑。必须采取措施防止载荷从货盘上滑下；防止加载或未加载的堆叠的货盘从另一个上滑下；并防止货盘从叉车的铲叉上滑下。一般的防滑措施包括使用放置在关键位置的防滑涂层或橡胶插塞，如垫片或垫圈。美国专利No.4,051,787的图20-25中公开了例子。这些防滑措施的一个问题是它们需要安装另外的部件或材料。另外，防滑涂层会磨损掉，而插塞使用中会松驰并滑下，导致其失效。
在瓶装饮料工业中，填满并加盖的瓶子被放置在瓶子板条箱中，该板条箱装到货盘上并通过一叉车来回移动。板条箱一般具有较低的深度变化，这样瓶子伸到板条箱上边缘之上。只要瓶子具有统一的高度，就期望将几个加载的货盘一个堆叠在另一个上面，这样它们就可以通过叉车集体移动，并高效地以一堆叠的配置储存，不论是在地板上，还是在货架或支架上。货盘的底部面板必须设计成使一个货盘上的载荷均匀地分布在位于下面板货盘上的瓶子的封闭件上。已有的货盘结构不能充分地满足这种需要。
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种刚性、耐用的塑料货盘，该货盘可以仅由一种材料制成，而不需使用多余数量的材料。
本发明另一个目的是提供一种塑料货盘，该货盘包括的部件数量最少，且不需要单独的紧固件将货盘部件紧固在一起，从而简化了货盘装配。
本发明另一个目的是提供一种塑料货盘，该货盘适用于瓶装饮料工业，允许一个加载的货盘堆叠在由一下部货盘承载的瓶子上并由其支承。
本发明又一个目的是提供一种塑料货盘，该货盘在关键的载荷接触、铲叉接触和底部支承区域具有足够的防滑特性，而不需要借助于应用或连接各种防滑元件或材料。
根据本发明的一种通过叉车使用的合成树脂货盘，包括分别模制成的上和下面板，该上和下面板由多个支承件间隔开，以在其间限定位于上面板下面的铲叉接收区域，其特征在于，上面板的底部基本是平的，而支承件与下面板整体成形，从下面板向上伸出，并紧固到上面板的底部，其中每个支承件是锥形的，并包括一下端和一上端，每个支承件的下端宽于其上端。
支承件的上端优选地被接纳在位于上面板中的槽中，槽和支承件优选地具有配合元件，该配合元件相互扣接配合，当安装面板时将支承件锁定在槽中。
优选地，支承件是中空的，还具有内部竖直加强筋，该加强筋从支承件的侧壁向内延伸。
在一优选实施例中，货盘为矩形，并具有九个支承件，最大的一个位于中央，一个位于各角部，一个位于各侧面中部，从而形成一四向货盘，该四向货盘可与从任一侧面进入的叉车接合。底部面板包括一矩形周边的底座，周边支承件从该底座伸出，及一整体成形的X形中央底座，中央支承件从该中央底座伸出，中央底座在边缘底座的各侧面与其连接。这些底座部分限定了四个穿过底部面板的大开口，优选地是在它们的边缘处倾斜。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种改进的合成树脂货盘，其中，上面板的上表面，下面板的下表面，以及位于支承件之间铲叉接收区域中的上面板的底部，都具有防滑划痕纹理。优选地，划痕纹理包括一多方向的划痕图案。产生这种划痕图案的优选方法是用至少一个杯形钢丝刷对上述表面进行钢丝刷处理。
下面将详细描述本发明的一优选实施例，该实施例在附图中表示出来，其中：
图1是本发明中组装的货盘一优选实施例的顶部透视图；
图2是图1中货盘的底部透视图；
图3是图1中货盘的俯视图；
图4是图1中货盘的仰视图；
图5是图1中货盘的侧视图，所有侧面均相同；
图6是图1中货盘的顶视分解图，示出上下面板并置以便装配；
图7是图6中货盘的仰视分解图；
图8是图6中货盘的侧视分解图；
图9是图6中货盘上面板的俯视透视图；
图10是图9中上面板的仰视透视图；
图11是图9中上面板的俯视图；
图12是图9中上面板的仰视图；
图13是图6中货盘下面板的俯视图；
图14是图13中下面板的仰视透视图；
图15是图13中下面板的俯视图；
图16是图13中下面板的仰视图；
图17是图1中沿线17-17所取的局部剖视图；及
图18是图6中沿线18-18所取的局部剖视图。
图19是对所选择的货盘表面进行划擦的方法的示意性透视图。
货盘包括两个单独的模制件-一上面板10和一下面板40-均由适当的合成树脂，如高密度聚乙烯，聚丙烯，或填充聚乙烯注塑模制而成。在俯视图中，货盘是方形的，带有圆形角部，并且是四个方向对称的。如下面更全面地说明的，两个面板可很容易地紧压在一起，形成图1-5所示的完成的货盘。图6-8示出两面板是如何对齐而装配的。为了增加刚度，面板可以用任何已知的树脂焊接技术永久地焊接在一起。
图9-12表示上面板10。该面板具有一实体上表面12，该上表面12由一系列三角孔15断开，从而减小了面板的重量，并在货盘变湿的情况下用于排水。
参照图10和12，在上面板10底部形成了一系列筋。一些筋形成了一个带有圆形角部的中央方槽14。其它筋在面板的各角部形成一圆形槽16。另一些筋在面板各侧部中点处形成带圆形端部的长方形槽18。如下面描述的，这九个槽适于接纳与下面板40整体模制的九个支承件的上端。槽之间的区域是铲叉接收区域，其将放置在可从任何侧面与货盘接触的叉车的铲叉上。
上面板10底部上的其它筋形成平行或垂直于面板侧边延伸的正交图形，而另一些筋形成了与第一种图形成45度角的另一正交图形。这些筋形成了跨支承件接收槽14，16和18之间空间的相互联接的桁架式结构。如图8中可以看到的，上面板10的底部基本上是平的，即底部的全部筋基本上都终止于一共同的平面。
每个槽14，16，18中有四个悬垂的扣接突出物20。扣接突出物20的细节可在图17和18中看到。每一突出物具有一柔性杆部22和一带肩部26的锥形末端24，该肩部26扣接在下面板40的相配合支承件的唇部下面。邻近圆形的角部槽16中的各扣接突出物20的是一小弧形槽或孔28。一相似的但为矩形的槽或孔30在另外的槽14，18中邻近各扣接突出物20设置。槽28，30在模制操作期间有助于扣接突出物的形成，并允许插入一分离工具，该分离工具可用于压下扣接突出物，在需要时将上和下面板分开。
下面板40具有一基本与上面板10的周边相匹配的周边。参照图13-16，下面板40包括一矩形周边底座42和一整体成形的X形中央底座44。底座42和44具有倾斜的边缘46和长方形槽48。
四个角部支承件50在其角部从下面板40向上伸出。支承件50具有一圆形截面和一截头圆锥形状，底部宽于顶部。四个中部侧部支承件52从周边底座42的侧部向上伸出。侧部支承件52截面为带有弧形端部的长方形，且同样是锥形的，较宽的部分在底部。一大的中央支承件54从中央底座44向上伸出。中央支承件54具有一弧圆形角部的大致方形的截面，同样是锥形的，较宽的部分在底部。中央支承件54的角部伸入到由交叉的底座部分42，44限定的下面板40上的大开口56中。
各支承件50，52，54是中空的，并具有内部竖直加强筋60，该加强筋60从支承件的侧壁向内伸出。各支承件的上端向内弯曲，形成一水平周边缘唇部62。参照图17和18，当装配过程中上和下面板被压在一起时，各扣接突出物的倾斜部分24越过唇部62，使扣接突出物向内弯曲。当肩部26跃过唇部62时，扣接突出物向外弹出而抓紧在唇部62下面。
如图14和16所示，下面板40的底部具有几个系列的加强筋，该加强筋为底座部分42和44提供了结构刚性，并将由上面板10和支承件50，52，54支承的载荷进行正确分配。在支承件下面的区域，筋比底座部分其它区域更紧密地分布。这种布置更好地分配了来自货盘顶部的载荷，还使货盘更适于在瓶装饮料工业中使用，其中一加载的货盘可直接放置在由另一货盘支承的瓶子的瓶封闭件顶部。下面板40底部的筋之间所有空间的尺寸被确定为能够防止最小的瓶子封闭件(大约为28毫米)夹在筋之间。
用于形成货盘的合成树脂在货盘尚新时一般具有相当滑的表面光洁度。这在某些关键的区域是不期望的，如上面板10的顶部，下面板40的底部，上面板10底部支承件之间的区域，该区域放置在叉车的铲叉上。根据本发明(见图19)，这些关键区域经过防滑处理，该防滑处理包括优选地用至少一个旋转杯形钢丝刷B对表面S进行钢丝刷清理，以产生一具有多方向划痕图案的划痕纹理。这是在上下面板结合在一起之前完成的。这种划擦表面的防滑特性经过一段时间后不会退化，因为货盘的正常使用和搬运在对货盘进行加载、卸载和来回移动时将使表面经受另外的划擦。
根据本发明的货盘的优点对于本领域技术人员来讲很容易明白的。对称的两片注模塑料结构具有相当的强度和耐久性、简化性，并易于安装。在装配之前扣接突出物被保护不受损坏，因为它们陷在上面板中。关键性地设置在结构中的相当数量的敞开区域减少了所需材料的量，但并不降低结构刚度。支承件的锥形形状使安装容易，并将载荷很好地从上面板分配到下面板。支承件具有平滑的圆形外侧，以防止由叉车的铲叉造成的损坏。上面板完全覆盖了支承件，防止在中空区域积聚碎片。货盘很容易保持清洁及进行清洗，因为所有暴露的筋位于面板底部，并且没有缝隙聚集污物或水。下面板底部设计成当加载了饮料瓶的货盘相互堆叠时将载荷均匀地传递到瓶子封闭件上。特别地，支承件下面的关键载荷区域由一最大的表面积加强，以将瓶子的层均匀地装载到下面的货盘上。最后，防滑划痕表面处理对于光滑面板及铲叉接触表面是一种简单、持续时间长且可靠的解决方案。
尽管在优选实施例中表示和描述了一种方形货盘，其它形状，如矩形，也满足需要，且仍体现本发明的特征。支承件50，52，54的截面形状也可以与所示的有所变化。在不脱离仅由附属权利要求限定的本发明的真实精神和范围的前提下，其它修改对于本领域技术人员来讲也很清楚。

Claims (14)

1.一种通过叉车使用的合成树脂货盘，包括分别模制成的上和下面板，该上和下面板由多个支承件间隔开，以在其间限定位于上面板下面的铲叉接收区域，其特征在于，上面板的底部基本是平的，而支承件与下面板整体成形，从下面板向上伸出，并紧固到上面板的底部，其中每个支承件是锥形的，并包括一下端和一上端，每个支承件的下端宽于其上端。
2.如权利要求1所述的货盘，其特征在于，支承件的上端被接纳在上面板底部的槽中。
3.如权利要求2所述的货盘，其特征在于，槽和支承件具有整体成形的配合元件，该配合元件相互扣接配合，以便当上和下面板装配时将支承件锁定在槽中。
4.如权利要求1所述的货盘，其特征在于，其中之一的支承件基本位于货盘的中央，其它支承件基本位于货盘的周边，该中央支承件是最大的支承件。
5.如权利要求4所述的货盘，其特征在于，货盘大致为矩形，在面板之间有九个支承件，在货盘的每个角部设置一个支承件，在货盘每个侧面中部设置一个支承件，支承件限定了两个铲叉接收区域，以便铲叉从货盘各侧面进入。
6.如权利要求5所述的货盘，其特征在于，下面板包括一大致矩形周边的底座，周边支承件从该底座伸出，及一整体成形的X形中央底座，中央支承件从该中央底座伸出，中央底座在周边底座的各侧面中部与其连接。
7.如权利要求6所述的货盘，其特征在于，周边底座和中央底座限定了四个穿过下面板的大开口。
8.如权利要求1所述的货盘，其特征在于，每个支承件是中空的，并具有一侧壁，在其内部还具有竖直的加强筋，该加强筋从上述侧壁向内延伸。
9.如权利要求5所述的货盘，其特征在于，角部支承件为圆形截面，侧面中部支承件在与铲叉接收区域相邻的区域为带弧形端部的长方形截面，中央支承件为带弧形角部的矩形截面。
10.如权利要求9所述的货盘，其特征在于，支承件为锥形，支承件的下端宽于其上端。
11.如权利要求10所述的货盘，其特征在于，周边底座的顶部和中央底座的顶部具有倾斜的边缘。
12.如权利要求10所述的货盘，其特征在于，各支承件是中空的，并具有一侧壁，在其内部还具有竖直的加强筋，该加强筋从支承件的侧壁向内延伸。
13.如权利要求9所述的货盘，其特征在于，边缘底座的顶部和中央底座的顶部具有倾斜的边缘。
14.如权利要求6所述的货盘，其特征在于，周边底座的底部和中央底座的底部具有加强筋，一些上述加强筋位于支承件下面，位于支承件下面的加强筋的间隔比周边底座和中央底座的其它地方更紧密。
CN98813857A 1998-01-08 1998-12-28 塑料货盘 Expired - Fee Related CN1104363C (zh)

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CA2316923A1 (en) 1999-07-15
CN1286666A (zh) 2001-03-07
EP1075430A1 (en) 2001-02-14
BR9813720A (pt) 2000-10-10
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AU2206299A (en) 1999-07-26
WO1999035042A1 (en) 1999-07-15
AR014283A1 (es) 2001-02-07
US20030106470A1 (en) 2003-06-12
US6886475B2 (en) 2005-05-03
TR200001917T2 (tr) 2000-12-21
EP1075430B1 (en) 2006-11-02
EP1075430A4 (en) 2003-04-09
CA2316923C (en) 2007-07-31
AU759367B2 (en) 2003-04-10
US6006677A (en) 1999-12-28
DE69836350D1 (de) 2006-12-14
PL341734A1 (en) 2001-05-07
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HK1034944A1 (en) 2001-11-09
DE69836350T2 (de) 2007-06-14

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