CN1357480A - 模压塑料散装货箱 - Google Patents

模压塑料散装货箱 Download PDF

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CN1357480A
CN1357480A CN01110915A CN01110915A CN1357480A CN 1357480 A CN1357480 A CN 1357480A CN 01110915 A CN01110915 A CN 01110915A CN 01110915 A CN01110915 A CN 01110915A CN 1357480 A CN1357480 A CN 1357480A
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container
wall
substrate
corner post
configuration
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CN1227140C (zh
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马克·P·埃尔文-延森
加文·J·埃尔文-延森
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MARK P ELVIN YUENSEN
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Abstract

一种用于储存、运输和装卸大量诸如水果之类的散装货物的模压塑料散装货箱。所述货箱包括:(a)一个可以是内凹形的基底;(b)多个(例如四个)从所述基底向上延伸的壁,其中至少一个(优选的是所有的壁适于在零负载下(即货箱是空的情况下)具有内凹构形。

Description

模压塑料散装货箱
本发明涉及一种供储存、运输和一般装卸大量诸如食品包括水果在内的散装货物之用的塑料箱。
据认为散装货箱的主要目的是使内部容积和方形体外体积之比(容积体积比”)最佳化。按照常理,货箱具有平直的侧边和方形或长方形的构形即可做到。据认为这对于比较小的货箱来说是能达到所述目的的一种有效设计。
可是,对于本例所认为的比较大的那种货箱来说,需要防止货箱上有相当大的负载时货箱支承面向外弯曲。一般认为,如果允许壁和底向外弯曲,那么要求保持于严格容限内的货箱外表就会与一般接受的标准有矛盾。这不可避免地会引起储存、运输和一般装卸中的场地问题。
用于解决这一问题的最普通的方法是用能有效保持表面平直的支柱和肋加强货箱的壁和底。这种肋要制造得有相当的厚度(例如,大约40mm),底脚以增加底脚够的硬度,以抗住负载的扭曲力。因此,现有的塑料箱都一贯设有很深的加强肋和相当厚的壁和底以防止弯曲。如果可能克服变形问题,但因为肋占据空间,其结果是相对潜在的容积体积比货箱的容积体积比是减小了。
本发明的目的是使上述缺点得以克服,或者至少提供一种替代它的有用的货箱。
有一种按照本发明的一个方面提供的模压塑料散装货箱,它包括:(a)一个基底;和(b)多个从所述基底向上延伸的壁。其中至少一个基底或至少一个壁适于在零负载下有向外弯曲的构形。
与一般的散装货箱类似,所述货箱可以包含一个基底和四个壁,也可以还包含一个盖。所有的壁可以都一样大小。如有四个壁,可以有一对相对的壁与另一对相对的壁大小不一样。一对相对的侧壁可以比另一对相对的侧壁长些、高些或厚些。
所述货箱可以制成整体结构。也可以制成两个或两个以上的分开的部件,再将其结合在一起,形成货箱。这些部件可以用声能、热能或摩擦焊接或者压配合固定。
优选的办法是以一次模压法整体制造货箱。可以用许多种具有必要的强度、耐磨性、食品接触安全性、抗紫外线等性能的塑料加工成货箱。适合的聚合物之一例是高浓度聚乙烯。
所述基底可以与一般的散装货箱的一样是平的,也可以是弯曲构形的。所述基底可以具有向外弯曲的构形,从而其表面向外凸出或弯曲,内表面基本上是凹进去的。
所述基底如果与一般的散装货箱的一样基本上是平的,就必须以加强肋加强。然而,所述基底如果具有内凹构形,对加强肋的需要大为下降,虽然不一定完全不需要;基底的厚度也可以大为减薄。而且,通过使得通常留作铲车叉插入之用的基底侧边以下区域有用了,货箱的容积增加,从而其货品容量也增加了。因此,在优选实施例里,货箱有一个内凹基底,凹部伸进介于留作铲车叉插入的区域之间的区域。
所述凹基底可以有提供一个不规则凹进的基底的形状。所述基底可以有一个径向向上倾斜到货箱各个壁的下边的中部深的钵形。然而,优选的办法是所述基底以最小厚度制成,以节约材料,并和一般工艺的货箱一样用肋加强。如果使用凹基底,业已发现由于凹基底与一般的平基底相比其几何形状更牢固,减少了对以肋加强的需要。
基底的加强肋呈方形或长方形网格状。也可以呈从基底的中央向外延伸的环形或辐射形。还可以网格状与环形或辐射形相结合。如果使用凹基底,所述加强肋可以包括一系列从基底中央向外直径越来越大的环形加强肋。凹基底可以有从其中央区向外到货箱壁的辐射状条形肋。
优选做法是加强肋位于基底的下边。基底的下边的构形可以为铲车叉提供滑道。这些滑道可以是实体的或者是由加强肋形成的。这些滑道可以沿其纵长的方向基本上是平的。这些滑道可以在其一端或两端有朝上翘的部分,用以接纳所述叉并把叉引导到滑道上,减少叉尖与货箱另一部分碰撞可能引起的破坏。
有些壁可以是平的并以标准工艺的肋加强。优选方法是所有的壁都适合在零负载情况下向外弯曲的构形。可以认为当货箱装满时对包括基底和所有壁在内的货箱的承受面施加的力是正常负载。可以认为当货箱卸空时对货箱施加的力是零负载。
壁可以是在正常负载时可弯曲的。壁可以基本上是刚性的并有挠性,因此无论有无负载总具有向外弯曲的构形。
因为正常负载施加的力具有促使一般的平壁向外弯曲的倾向,所以把壁模压成具有永久弯曲构形可以无需加强肋而取得与一般平壁要加强壁才能取得的同等强度性能。而且,使得壁具有这种弯曲构形,壁可以模压得比带肋的一般平壁薄得多。例如:一般的带肋平壁厚度一般大约为40mm,并需要相当多的加强肋。相比之下,本发明的货箱壁的优选厚度为3mm到6mm,并且其表面的大部分可以根本不要肋。弯曲的壁在其表面上可以不要一根肋。
因为货箱的体积很重要,一般必须严格限制于一定的标准之内,所以优选的办法是弯曲壁的弯曲不超过货箱体积的限度。
各对相邻的壁可以在其结合部以角柱联接。所述角柱可以部分地或全部地中空,或者内部呈海绵状。角柱的横断面可以是L形、方形、圆形、长方形、槽形或者其它任何适合的形状。优选地,角柱为中空,以节约材料消耗。优选地,角柱横断面为圆形。所述角柱的优选构形是完全的圆筒形。本箱的发明人发现在制造过程中使用垂直插块把角柱模压成中空的圆筒形可以使用最少量的原料而取得最佳强度。
所述角柱在其整个长度内可以基本上恒定的横截面。可以有互补的上、下表面,下表面以此而适于稳妥地置于相补的上表面上。业内人士都很明白,角柱的上、下表面可以有许多互补的构形。各个角柱的顶部可以有一个平的部分圆形支承面从而可以使具有相应圆构形的角柱底部稳妥地坐落于其上。
货箱的顶部可以有部分地或全部地沿其周围向上直立的凸缘。在各个角上,横向肋可以制成邻接所述凸缘基部的角加强板。角柱基部可以有一个带内阶外形的底脚与角部的凸缘形成配合,从而所述底脚与角柱的上表面及角部的凸缘形成适贴配合。
靠近各个角柱的上表面处可以有在其一侧或两侧延伸的横向加强板,用以增加货箱上部的稳定性并保护整个弯形结构。所述横向加强板可以延伸为角柱之间的桥。横向加强板可以越邻近各个壁的中部越窄。所述板可以延伸到各个邻近壁顶部长度中的某一点。
因此,在本发明的一个优选形式里,货箱可以包括四个向外弯曲的壁、一个作了最低限度加强的内凹基底和四个中空圆筒形角柱。这样一种货箱是一种具有很大强度,重量轻,与现有工艺的货箱相比较使用原料更少的结构。对于业内人士来说,很明显这种货箱的几何形状产生可以比得上有一般平壁平底的一般货箱的容积或容量。
现在通过对本发明的一个实施例的非限制性说明对本发明加以说明,附图中:
图1是按照本发明货箱的顶视的透视图;
图2所述货箱的底视的透视图;
图3显示的是货箱进口侧和底脚侧的部分剖视的侧视图;
图4显示的是货箱平面图的一部分和货箱下边平面图的一部分。
图1里显示了一个以一次模压法整体成形的散装货箱。所述货箱1包括一个基底10、四个从基底开始基本上垂直延伸的壁12a 12b及四个置于各对壁12a 12b的各个结合部的角柱14和一个连续的沿货箱1上部周边直立向上延伸的凸缘16。
壁12a 12b向外弯曲。如图2很好地示出,相对的各个壁12a的下缘22沿在两端与底脚42联接的弧延伸,下缘22因而位于延伸在两个底脚42之间的水平面内。所述下缘22在构形上制造得能容纳单个角底脚42或者容纳一个纵底脚23c,所述纵底脚沿相应于货箱1的壁12a的边延伸于两个底脚42之间。纵底脚23c有一个直的内缘23和一个一般随壁12a外部轮廓弯曲的外缘23a。凹口23b插于外缘23a内,用以避免负载转移到壁12a、12b。
另两个相对的壁12b的下缘24相对于下缘22高出一些,使铲车叉(未显示)能被插入货箱1之下。下缘24与壁12b的弯曲外形一样,所述弯曲外形是从下缘24延伸到壁12b的上缘26b的基本不变的横断面的外形。
柱14是基本中空的圆筒形结构,从下端41向上延伸到柱顶表面44。所述柱顶表面44一般是圆形的平面形适于在垂直重叠放置货箱1时可适配地容纳置于其上的相同货箱1的相应底脚42。为了与凸缘16的角部18一致,各个角柱14的底脚42制备一个内阶46形式的凹进部分,使垂直相邻的货箱1能稳妥地重叠放置。
在柱顶表面44的同一平面上延伸的是各对横向延伸的加强板48,所述加强板48向上壁缘26a 26b中部延伸变窄。横向加强板48增加货箱顶部区域的横向稳定性并在模压过程中提供上缘26a、26b和直立凸缘16之间的横向桥而无需侧摸或插块。
在图2和图3中很好地示出基底10包括一个钵形的中央区2,该区域径向向上延伸,在壁12a、12b的下部但高于壁的下缘22、24的地方与壁12a 12b相遇。所述基底10逐渐分阶,因此,如图3内所示,有一个向中央2陡的倾斜区4和一个较缓倾斜的外区6。所述较缓倾斜的区6适于容纳一对相对的滑道8,所述滑道在基底10之下靠近两个相对的壁12a平行延伸。
基底10的中央区2包括与钵形基底10外形相应的辐射状加强肋2a。所谓的辐射状包括一系列从中央区2向外直径逐渐增大的环形加强肋2b和从中央区2向外径向延伸的条形加强肋2c。辐射状加强肋2a延伸到壁12b的下缘24和各个滑道8的内缘8a。
中央区2,在构形上,下悬到货箱1最低点所在平面的12.5mm以内,从而把货箱1的容积增加到最大限度并充分利用两个滑道8之间的空间。
各个滑道8都用长方形栅格状加强肋制造,下面呈现平滑的表面,供铲车叉滑动。所述滑道端部上翘以便铲车叉进入。
按照上面说明的本发明实施例的货箱与一般的散装货箱相比有一系列优越性能。
在具有内平表面的货箱内,货品施加的力不均匀地分布于支承面和壁表面,因而货品可能碰伤或受其它损伤。本发明货箱的内凹表面使货品施加的力分布更均匀,因此将货品的损伤减至最小。
角柱的中空圆柱的几何形状提供了一种比一般的L形柱子更抗碰撞的结构,而且在加工耗资上也取得最好的成本效率。
允许货箱的内表面向外凸出从而占据角柱之间正常情况下一般货箱会丢失的空间。
钵形基底下悬到基底之下通常留作铲车叉插入之用的空间内,使货箱增加了容量,从而提高容积体积比。
本发明一个实施例的货箱还可以提供一种易于重叠放置的货箱,这不仅方便而且在特定的商业应用上可能是非常重要的。
由于每个箱子使用的原料少,优选实施例与一般塑料散装货箱相比是相当轻的。
本发明的货箱与一般的货箱相比在制造上可以更易于模压,因为,侧壁可以不要加强肋,基底的加强肋在数量上可以大为减少及在深度上可以大为减小,圆筒形柱结构与一般的柱结构相比在模压过程中更易于成形。
特别是制造过程包含的周期时间可以大为缩短,因为一般的塑料散装货箱的深加强减慢周期。事实上,取消正常情况下货箱所需要的加强肋可以引起完全取消制造过程中的一个周期。就是说,可以免除使一般塑料散装货箱壁的加强肋松脱的模侧向移动。
可以理解,本专业技术人员可以在不脱离本发明精神或范围的情况下对已经说明的实施例作出许多修改和变化。

Claims (20)

1.一种模压塑料散装货箱,包括:
(a)一个基底;
(b)多个从所述基底向上延伸的壁,其中至少有一个壁适于在零负载情况下具有内凹构形。
2.按照权利要求1的货箱,其特征在于所述基底在零负载情况下具有内凹构形。
3.按照权利要求1的货箱,其特征在于所述基底从其中央向各个壁的下缘径向向上倾斜。
4.按照权利要求1的货箱,其特征在于所述基底包括多个加强肋。
5.按照权利要求1的货箱,其特征在于至少一个壁包括一块基本沿所述至少一个壁的顶部横向延伸的横向加强板。
6.按照权利要求1的货箱,其特征在于所述货箱包括四个壁,每两个相邻的壁都为一个角柱隔开。
7.按照权利要求6的货箱,其特征在于所述角柱具有中空构形。
8.按照权利要求6的货箱,其特征在于所述角柱具有基本是圆筒形的构形。
9.按照权利要求6的货箱,其特征在于所述角柱具有基本沿其纵长方向有基本不变的横断面。
10.按照权利要求1的货箱,其特征在于所述货箱可以重叠放置。
11.按照权利要求6的货箱,其特征在于每个角柱都包括一个底脚,其构形可以使之能被放于垂直相邻的类似或相同货箱的相应角柱上表面之上。
12.按照权利要求1的货箱,其特征在于所述至少一个壁在其表面的大部分上没有加强肋。
13.按照权利要求1的货箱,其特征在于所述至少一个壁在其表面上没有加强肋。
14.按照权利要求1的货箱,其特征在于所述至少一个壁适于在正常负载下可有最低限度的挠性。
15.按照权利要求1的货箱,其特征在于所述至少一个壁适于在正常负载下基本是刚性的。
16.按照权利要求1的货箱,其特征在于所述至少一个壁的厚度在3mm到6mm的范围内。
17.按照权利要求3的货箱,其特征在于在各对角柱外表面之间延伸的四个平面是限定货箱体积的界限,因此各个壁和基底的外表面不会延伸超出限定货箱体积的界限。
18.按照权利要求6的货箱,其特征在于所述四个壁中的每一个都有内凹构形。
19.按照权利要求6的货箱,其特征在于所述基底和所述四个壁中的每一个都具有内凹构形。
20.按照权利要求1的货箱,其特征在于所述货箱还有一个平盖。
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