CN110435259B - 一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110435259B CN110435259B CN201910738777.0A CN201910738777A CN110435259B CN 110435259 B CN110435259 B CN 110435259B CN 201910738777 A CN201910738777 A CN 201910738777A CN 110435259 B CN110435259 B CN 110435259B
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- sound
- layer
- sound insulation
- expanded graphite
- hard
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料及其制备方法,该隔音环保材料包括硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层,其中吸音层设置在硬质隔音层与防护层之间,硬质隔音层设置在与内部空间相背的一面,防护层设置在靠近内部空间的一面,硬质隔音层上有压合凸起,降低对外部空间进一步造成影响,同时压合凸起能够降低墙体与硬质隔音层之间的共振;吸音层包括两层发泡聚丙烯薄层以及设置在两层发泡聚丙烯薄层之间的压合纤维层,所述防护层为发泡聚丙烯板材,压合纤维层具有连通且曲折的小孔,能够对高频噪音实现良好的衰减效果,而发泡聚丙烯板材的封闭孔结构则能够对中低到中高频率噪音进行隔绝,从而实现对宽频噪音进行隔绝与吸收。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于环保材料技术领域,具体的,涉及一种用于装潢的隔音材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着城市化的建设,居民密度的不断增大,城市居民在生活中受到噪音的影响也不断变大,为了降低噪音对居民生活的影响,除了在居民楼建设时采用具有降噪效果的水泥混凝土之外,在进行装修时,使用隔音玻璃等建材同样能够起到不错的降噪效果,但是由于多层玻璃等建筑材料的施工范围有限,因此在一些噪音较大的区域,其起到的降噪效果也有限。
提升空间的隔音效果一方面是为了防止内部噪音干扰外部环境,另一方面是为了防止外部噪音干扰内部环境,现有技术中,为了起到良好的隔音效果,主要是通过敞开孔道结构使声波发生衰减,或者通过共振作用进行吸声,因此在现有技术中,常见的隔音装潢材料是通过复合多种多孔材料或纤维材料,从而起到减噪效果,这样虽然会有不错的减噪效果,但是过厚的材料也很挤占空间,同时提升了施工难度,而且根据噪声隔绝的原理,现有技术中的隔音材料只能对较窄范围频率的噪音进行隔绝,在复杂环境下其隔音效果有限,为了解决上述问题,本发明提供以下技术方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料及其制备方法。
本发明需要解决的技术问题为:
1、在现有技术中,建筑隔音材料在使用时只能对窄范围的噪音频率进行隔绝,因此在噪音环境复杂的情况下,其降噪效果有限,因此如何提升隔音材料的隔音频率范围,提升取隔音效果,是目前需要解决的技术问题之一;
2、现有技术中,隔音材料长使用泡沫材料进行填充从而实现隔音,为了起到良好的隔音效果,装潢用隔音材料厚度较大,占用建筑空间较大,如何降低隔音材料的厚度,减小隔音材料的占地空间,是目前需要解决的问题之一。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料,包括硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层,其中吸音层设置在硬质隔音层与防护层之间,硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层均通过隔音胶粘剂粘合而成,硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层的厚度之比为1:3-6:1-1.5,硬质隔音层设置在与内部空间(以需要进行隔音处理的空间作为内部空间)相背的一面,防护层设置在靠近内部空间的一面,硬质隔音层由硬质材料制成,能够吸收低频音,并形成反射,降低外部空间噪音对内部空间的影响,硬质隔音层与吸音层相背的一面上连接有压合凸起,压合凸起与硬质隔音板为一体结构,压合凸起的高度不超过硬质隔音层的厚度(压合凸起的高度不算入硬质隔音层的厚度),相邻的四个压合凸起之间成棱形分布,压合凸起在硬质隔音层上的密度≥600个/dm2,压合凸起一方面使硬质隔音层靠近外部空间一面的复杂程度,当外部空间有噪音传输至硬质隔音层时,硬质隔音层会对声波进行反射,但是由于压合凸起的存在,声波会发生散射,防止声波定向反射,降低对外部空间进一步造成影响,另一方面降低墙体与硬质隔音层之间的共振,所述吸音层包括两层发泡聚丙烯薄层以及设置在两层发泡聚丙烯薄层之间的压合纤维层,其中压合纤维层与发泡聚丙烯薄层的厚度之比为5-20:1,所述防护层为发泡聚丙烯板材;
该用于装潢的隔音环保材料的制备方法为:
步骤一、硬质隔音层的制备
通过橡胶开炼机将丁苯橡胶、顺丁橡胶、高苯乙烯橡胶与天然橡胶加入开炼机中,翻炼至四种橡胶均匀融合,然后向开炼机中加入炭黑、增塑剂与发泡剂,继续混炼20-25min后向其中加入防老剂,混炼6-8min,最后向其中加入硫化剂,硫化时间为20-35min,硫化结束后将混合橡胶挤出成型,冷却定型;
其中,丁苯橡胶、顺丁橡胶、高苯乙烯橡胶与天然橡胶的重量比为1-1.5:1.5-2.5:3-5:1-2;炭黑的粒径小于等于150nm;
所述发泡剂为偶氮二碳酸氨、偶氮异丁腈、苯磺酰肼与甲苯磺酰肼中的一种;防老剂为2、6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚或N-苯基-α-苯胺,硫化剂为N,N’-间苯撑双马来酰亚胺;
所述天然橡胶具有良好的耐碱性,高苯乙烯橡胶作为增强组分,能够大大提高硬质隔音层的硬度与韧性,而丁苯橡胶与顺丁橡胶则能够改善硬质隔音层的耐寒、热、老化与耐磨能力,提升橡胶的使用寿命,同时该步骤还通过延长硫化时间,使用小粒径的炭黑,均能够提升硬质隔音层成型后的硬度,有利于噪音的反射,同时通过在混合橡胶中加入发泡剂,使形成的硬质隔音层为发泡结构,内部良好的闭孔孔隙结构有利于对中、低频声波进行衰减。
步骤二、吸音层的制备
S11、将膨胀石墨在马弗炉中加热至650-800℃,使膨胀石墨瞬间膨胀,提升膨胀石墨片层之间的剥离效果,使其膨胀至原体积的200倍以上,将膨胀得到的膨胀石墨取出冷却,将冷却后的膨胀石墨加入去离子水中,超声处理30-50min,超声过程中不断搅拌,超声结束后抽滤烘干,超声能够将膨胀后的石墨进一步剥离;
S12、将上一步骤经抽滤烘干的膨胀石墨加入氧化液中,在50-70℃的恒温水浴条件下超声反应3-6h,在这一过程中,通过氧化液处理能够提升膨胀石墨表面的氧化官能团的数量,而膨胀石墨则能够通过氧化官能团与聚合物进行接枝,氧化反应结束后,抽滤,将抽滤后的膨胀石墨用30%的双氧水冲洗2-5遍后,再用去离子水冲洗3-5遍,再这一过程中,通过双氧水洗涤能够将膨胀石墨表面的锰离子脱除;
所述氧化液为硝酸浓度3-5mol/L、高锰酸钾浓度0.5-0.8mol/L的混合水溶液;
S13、将上一步骤冲洗后的膨胀石墨加入磷酸盐溶液中超声处理20-30min,超声结束后抽滤烘干,烘干后的膨胀石墨在500-600℃的温度下焙烧30-50min,在膨胀石墨的表面形成一层致密的五氧化二磷抗氧化保护层后得到改性膨胀石墨,在这一过程中,通过500-600℃的温度焙烧能够降低高温对氧化基团的伤害,减小氧化基团的损失;
S14、将PET树脂加热干燥后加入密炼机,加热软化后向其中加入阻燃添加剂,然后再向其中加入纳米硅微粉、凹凸棒土与塑化剂,加热熔融塑化后混炼20-30min,使各物质均匀混合,挤出冷却造粒得到树脂母粒;
所述阻燃添加剂为含磷、卤素或锑的化合物,阻燃剂的添加量为PET树脂重量的2%-5%,所述纳米硅微粉的添加量为PET树脂重量的5%-7%,所述塑化剂为芳烃油或古马隆中的一种;
S15、将步骤S13中得到的改性膨胀石墨与树脂母粒搅拌混合,其中树脂母粒与改性膨胀石墨的重量比为100:1.1-1.3,均匀混合后,将混合物加入密炼机中混炼20-30min,经纺丝形成长度为2mm-15mm的改性纤维;
S16、将改性纤维与粉碎至粒径为2-5mm的膨胀蛭石按照重量比2-3.4:1均匀混合后,掺入隔音胶粘剂压合形成密度为0.5-0.65g/cm3的板状的压合纤维层,将熔融状态的发泡聚丙烯涂覆在压合纤维层的两面冷却定型后得到吸音层;
该步骤中通过采用具有低吸湿性的PET树脂作为主要材料,能够降低压合纤维层的吸湿性,提升压合纤维层的使用寿命,同时采用改性膨胀石墨作为主要填充料,在不影响制成纤维的柔软度的条件下,大大提升了纤维的孔隙结构,同时大粒径的膨胀蛭石能够使压合纤维层保持良好的相互贯通的通道结构,从而提升压合纤维层的吸音效果。
具体的,在该步骤中,通过在改性纤维的制备过程中向其中加入改性处理的膨胀石墨,疏松多孔的改性膨胀石墨大大提升了聚酯纤维的空隙结构,并且膨胀石墨的蓬松结构不会对所制备的改性纤维的硬度带来明显改变,使其仍然具有良好的柔软度,在挤压时不会出现折断粉碎的情况,其中所述膨胀石墨首先通过高温瞬时膨胀,能够提升膨胀石墨片层之间的分离效果,然后将膨胀后的膨胀石墨在去离子水中超声处理,进一步分离膨胀石墨,使其分散成小粒径的膨胀颗粒,剥离分散后的膨胀石墨通过高锰酸钾与硝酸进行氧化处理,使膨胀石墨的表面带有较多的氧化基团,而膨胀石墨可以通过氧化基团与高聚物之间进行接枝,从而提升膨胀石墨与PET树脂之间的结合能力,此外,在膨胀石墨经过氧化处理后,还通过磷酸盐溶液处理膨胀石墨,将膨胀石墨浸泡在磷酸盐溶液中超声分散一段时间后,使膨胀石墨的表面与孔隙结构中充分浸润有磷酸盐溶液,然后将处理后的磷酸盐溶液通过中高温焙烧,是表面的磷酸盐分解,在膨胀石墨的表面形成一层P2O5薄膜,对膨胀石墨进行保护,可以有效防止所形成的改性纤维中,暴露出的膨胀石墨在长期使用过程中易于氧化,同时表面附着的P2O5薄膜能够提升膨胀石墨的分散效果,防止聚团。
步骤三、隔音胶粘剂的制备
S21、通过硅烷偶联剂对空心玻璃微珠进行处理后干燥待用;
S22、将醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液、氯丁石蜡、杀菌剂、消泡剂与上一步骤得到的空心玻璃微珠加入搅拌机中搅拌共混得到混合乳液,然后再向其中依次加入分散剂、润湿剂、凹凸棒土、木质纤维素与增稠剂,搅拌分散得到隔音胶粘剂。
其中部分物质的添加量为醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液20-25重量份、氯丁石蜡3-5重量份、空心玻璃微珠5-6重量份、凹凸棒土2-2.5重量份与木质纤维素0.5-1重量份;
隔音胶粘剂为水基胶粘剂,不会产生有机废气,更加环保安全;
步骤四、胶粘复合
通过隔音胶粘剂将硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层进行粘合,得到用于装潢的隔音环保材料。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明所述用于装潢的隔音环保材料,包括硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层,其中吸音层设置在硬质隔音层与防护层之间,硬质隔音层设置在与内部空间相背的一面,防护层设置在靠近内部空间的一面,由硬质材料制成的硬质隔音层能够吸收低频音,并对声波形成反射,降低外部空间噪音对内部空间的影响,硬质隔音层上压合凸起一方面使硬质隔音层靠近外部空间一面的复杂程度,当外部空间有噪音传输至硬质隔音层时,硬质隔音层会对声波进行反射,但是由于压合凸起的存在,声波会发生散射,防止声波定向反射,降低对外部空间进一步造成影响,另一方面软质材料能够降低墙体与硬质隔音层之间的共振;吸音层包括两层发泡聚丙烯薄层以及设置在两层发泡聚丙烯薄层之间的压合纤维层,所述防护层为发泡聚丙烯板材,压合纤维层具有连通且曲折的小孔,能够对高频噪音实现良好的衰减效果,而发泡聚丙烯板材的封闭孔结构则能够对中低到中高频率噪音进行隔绝,从而实现对宽频噪音进行隔绝与吸收;
2、硬质隔音层中天然橡胶具有良好的耐碱性,高苯乙烯橡胶作为增强组分,能够大大提高硬质隔音层的硬度与韧性,而丁苯橡胶与顺丁橡胶则能够改善硬质隔音层的耐寒、热、老化与耐磨能力,提升橡胶的使用寿命,同时还通过延长硫化时间,使用小粒径的炭黑,均能够提升硬质隔音层成型后的硬度,有利于噪音的反射,同时通过在混合橡胶中加入发泡剂,使形成的硬质隔音层为发泡结构,内部良好的闭孔孔隙结构有利于对中、低频声波进行衰减;
在压合纤维层的制备过程中,采用具有低吸湿性的PET树脂作为主要材料,能够降低压合纤维层的吸湿性,提升压合纤维层的使用寿命,同时采用改性膨胀石墨作为主要填充料,在不影响制成纤维的柔软度的条件下,大大提升了纤维的孔隙结构,大粒径的膨胀蛭石能够使压合纤维层保持良好的相互贯通的通道结构,从而提升压合纤维层的吸音效果;
具体的,通过在改性纤维的制备过程中向其中加入改性处理的膨胀石墨,疏松多孔的改性膨胀石墨大大提升了聚酯纤维的空隙结构,并且膨胀石墨的蓬松结构不会对所制备的改性纤维的硬度带来明显改变,使其仍然具有良好的柔软度,在挤压时不会出现折断粉碎的情况,其中膨胀石墨首先通过高温瞬时膨胀,能够提升膨胀石墨片层之间的分离效果,然后将膨胀后的膨胀石墨在去离子水中超声处理,进一步分离膨胀石墨,使其分散成小粒径的膨胀颗粒,剥离分散后的膨胀石墨通过高锰酸钾与硝酸进行氧化处理,使膨胀石墨的表面带有大量的氧化基团,而膨胀石墨可以通过氧化基团与高聚物之间进行接枝,从而提升膨胀石墨与PET树脂之间的结合能力,此外,在膨胀石墨经过氧化处理后,还通过磷酸盐溶液处理膨胀石墨,将膨胀石墨浸泡在磷酸盐溶液中超声分散一段时间后,使膨胀石墨的表面与孔隙结构中充分浸润有磷酸盐溶液,然后将处理后的磷酸盐溶液通过中高温焙烧,使表面的磷酸盐分解,在膨胀石墨的表面形成一层P2O5薄膜,对膨胀石墨进行保护,同时表面附着的P2O5薄膜能够提升膨胀石墨的分散效果,防止聚团,从而提升改性膨胀石墨在PET树脂中的分散效果。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料,包括硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层,其中吸音层设置在硬质隔音层与防护层之间,硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层均通过隔音胶粘剂粘合而成,硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层的厚度分别为3mm、12mm、4mm,硬质隔音层设置在与内部空间相背的一面,防护层设置在靠近内部空间的一面,硬质隔音层与吸音层相背的一面上连接有压合凸起,压合凸起与硬质隔音板为一体结构,压合凸起的高度为2mm,相邻的四个压合凸起之间成棱形分布,压合凸起在硬质隔音层上的密度为600个/dm2,一方面使硬质隔音层靠近外部空间一面的复杂程度,当外部空间有噪音传输至硬质隔音层时,硬质隔音层会对声波进行反射,但是由于压合凸起的存在,声波会发生散射,防止声波定向反射,降低对外部空间进一步造成影响,另一方面降低墙体与硬质隔音层之间的共振,所述吸音层包括两层发泡聚丙烯薄层以及设置在两层发泡聚丙烯薄层之间的压合纤维层,其中压合纤维层与发泡聚丙烯薄层的厚度之比为10:1,所述防护层为发泡聚丙烯板材;
该用于装潢的隔音环保材料的制备方法为:
步骤一、硬质隔音层的制备
通过橡胶开炼机将丁苯橡胶、顺丁橡胶、高苯乙烯橡胶与天然橡胶加入开炼机中,翻炼至四种橡胶均匀融合,然后向开炼机中加入炭黑、增塑剂与发泡剂,继续混炼20min后向其中加入防老剂,混炼8min,最后向其中加入硫化剂,硫化时间为30min,硫化结束后将混合橡胶挤出成型,冷却定型;
其中,丁苯橡胶、顺丁橡胶、高苯乙烯橡胶与天然橡胶的重量比为1:2:4:1;炭黑的粒径小于等于150nm;
所述发泡剂为偶氮二碳酸氨;防老剂为N-苯基-α-苯胺,硫化剂为N,N’-间苯撑双马来酰亚胺;
步骤二、吸音层的制备
S11、将膨胀石墨在马弗炉中加热至700℃,使膨胀石墨瞬间膨胀,膨胀至原体积的250倍,将膨胀得到的膨胀石墨取出冷却,将冷却后的膨胀石墨加入去离子水中,超声处理40min,超声过程中不断搅拌,超声结束后抽滤烘干,超声能够将膨胀后的石墨进一步剥离;
S12、将上一步骤经抽滤烘干的膨胀石墨加入氧化液中,在50℃的恒温水浴条件下超声反应4h,将抽滤后的膨胀石墨用30%的双氧水冲洗3遍后,再用去离子水冲洗5遍;
所述氧化液为硝酸浓度4mol/L、高锰酸钾浓度0.6mol/L的混合水溶液;
S13、将上一步骤冲洗后的膨胀石墨加入磷酸盐溶液中超声处理20min,超声结束后抽滤烘干,烘干后的膨胀石墨在550℃的温度下焙烧30min,在膨胀石墨的表面形成一层致密的五氧化二磷抗氧化保护层后得到改性膨胀石墨;
S14、将PET树脂加热干燥后加入密炼机,加热软化后向其中加入阻燃添加剂,然后再向其中加入纳米硅微粉、凹凸棒土与塑化剂,加热熔融塑化后混炼30min,使各物质均匀混合,挤出冷却造粒得到树脂母粒;
所述阻燃添加剂为亚磷酸酯,阻燃剂的添加量为PET树脂重量的3%,所述纳米硅微粉的添加量为PET树脂重量的5%,所述塑化剂为芳烃油;
S15、将步骤S13中得到的改性膨胀石墨与树脂母粒搅拌混合,其中树脂母粒与改性膨胀石墨的重量比为100:1.2,均匀混合后,将混合物加入密炼机中混炼25min,经纺丝形成长度为2mm-5mm的改性纤维;
S16、将改性纤维与粉碎至粒径为2-5mm的膨胀蛭石按照重量比2.5:1均匀混合后,掺入隔音胶粘剂压合形成密度为0.5g/cm3的板状的压合纤维层,将熔融状态的发泡聚丙烯涂覆在压合纤维层的两面冷却定型后得到吸音层;
步骤三、隔音胶粘剂的制备
S21、通过硅烷偶联剂对空心玻璃微珠进行处理后干燥待用;
S22、将醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液、氯丁石蜡、杀菌剂、消泡剂与上一步骤得到的空心玻璃微珠加入搅拌机中搅拌共混得到混合乳液,然后再向其中依次加入分散剂、润湿剂、凹凸棒土、木质纤维素与增稠剂,搅拌分散得到隔音胶粘剂。
其中部分物质的添加量为醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液20重量份、氯丁石蜡3重量份、空心玻璃微珠5重量份、凹凸棒土2重量份与木质纤维素0.6重量份;
步骤四、胶粘复合
通过隔音胶粘剂将硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层进行粘合,得到用于装潢的隔音环保材料。
对比例1
对比实施例1,对比例1采用传统环氧胶粘剂对硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层进行粘合,并通过传统环氧树脂胶作为压合纤维层的粘合剂。
对比例2
对比实施例1,对比例1中未通过膨胀石墨对PET树脂进行改性。
对比例3
采用厚度为19mm的光滑胶合木板进行隔音实验。
实验结果与数据分析
对实施例1以及对比例1-3进行隔音量性能测试,测试时,其声源为1800Hz,99.9dB,具体结果见表1:
表1
检测项目 | 实施例1 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 |
隔音量(dB) | 32 | 28 | 27 | 22 |
由表1结果可知,在不改变厚度的情况下,本发明较同类隔音材料具有良好的隔音效果。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明结构所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明的结构或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料,其特征在于,包括硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层,其中吸音层设置在硬质隔音层与防护层之间,硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层均通过隔音胶粘剂粘合而成,硬质隔音层设置在与内部空间相背的一面,防护层设置在靠近内部空间的一面,硬质隔音层与吸音层相背的一面上连接有若干压合凸起,压合凸起与硬质隔音板为一体结构,所述吸音层包括两层发泡聚丙烯薄层以及设置在两层发泡聚丙烯薄层之间的压合纤维层,其中压合纤维层与发泡聚丙烯薄层的厚度之比为5-20:1,所述防护层为发泡聚丙烯板材;
硬质隔音层的制备:通过橡胶开炼机将丁苯橡胶、顺丁橡胶、高苯乙烯橡胶与天然橡胶加入开炼机中,翻炼至四种橡胶均匀融合,然后向开炼机中加入炭黑、增塑剂与发泡剂,继续混炼20-25min后向其中加入防老剂,混炼6-8min,最后向其中加入硫化剂,硫化时间为20-35min,硫化结束后将混合橡胶挤出成型,冷却定型,其中炭黑的粒径小于等于150nm;
吸音层的制备:S11、制备改性膨胀石墨;
S12、将PET树脂加热干燥后加入密炼机,加热软化后向其中加入阻燃添加剂,然后再向其中加入纳米硅微粉、凹凸棒土与塑化剂,加热熔融塑化后混炼20-30min,使各物质均匀混合,挤出冷却造粒得到树脂母粒;
所述阻燃添加剂为含磷、卤素或锑的化合物,阻燃剂的添加量为PET树脂重量的2%-5%,所述纳米硅微粉的添加量为PET树脂重量的5%-7%,所述塑化剂为芳烃油或古马隆中的一种;
S13、将改性膨胀石墨与树脂母粒搅拌混合,其中树脂母粒与改性膨胀石墨的重量比为100:1.1-1.3,均匀混合后,将混合物加入密炼机中混炼20-30min,经纺丝形成长度为2mm-15mm的改性纤维;
S14、将改性纤维与粉碎至粒径为2-5mm的膨胀蛭石按照重量比2-3.4:1均匀混合后,掺入隔音胶粘剂压合形成密度为0.5-0.65g/cm3的板状的压合纤维层,将熔融状态的发泡聚丙烯涂覆在压合纤维层的两面冷却定型后得到吸音层;
胶粘复合:通过隔音胶粘剂将硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层进行粘合,得到用于装潢的隔音环保材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料,其特征在于,硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层的厚度之比为1:3-6:1-1.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料,其特征在于,压合凸起的高度不超过硬质隔音层的厚度,压合凸起在硬质隔音层上的密度≥600个/dm2,相邻的四个压合凸起之间成棱形分布。
4.一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、硬质隔音层的制备
通过橡胶开炼机将丁苯橡胶、顺丁橡胶、高苯乙烯橡胶与天然橡胶加入开炼机中,翻炼至四种橡胶均匀融合,然后向开炼机中加入炭黑、增塑剂与发泡剂,继续混炼20-25min后向其中加入防老剂,混炼6-8min,最后向其中加入硫化剂,硫化时间为20-35min,硫化结束后将混合橡胶挤出成型,冷却定型,其中炭黑的粒径小于等于150nm;
步骤二、吸音层的制备
S11、制备改性膨胀石墨;
S12、将PET树脂加热干燥后加入密炼机,加热软化后向其中加入阻燃添加剂,然后再向其中加入纳米硅微粉、凹凸棒土与塑化剂,加热熔融塑化后混炼20-30min,使各物质均匀混合,挤出冷却造粒得到树脂母粒;
所述阻燃添加剂为含磷、卤素或锑的化合物,阻燃剂的添加量为PET树脂重量的2%-5%,所述纳米硅微粉的添加量为PET树脂重量的5%-7%,所述塑化剂为芳烃油或古马隆中的一种;
S13、将改性膨胀石墨与树脂母粒搅拌混合,其中树脂母粒与改性膨胀石墨的重量比为100:1.1-1.3,均匀混合后,将混合物加入密炼机中混炼20-30min,经纺丝形成长度为2mm-15mm的改性纤维;
S14、将改性纤维与粉碎至粒径为2-5mm的膨胀蛭石按照重量比2-3.4:1均匀混合后,掺入隔音胶粘剂压合形成密度为0.5-0.65g/cm3的板状的压合纤维层,将熔融状态的发泡聚丙烯涂覆在压合纤维层的两面冷却定型后得到吸音层;
步骤三、胶粘复合
通过隔音胶粘剂将硬质隔音层、吸音层与防护层进行粘合,得到用于装潢的隔音环保材料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤一中丁苯橡胶、顺丁橡胶、高苯乙烯橡胶与天然橡胶的重量比为1-1.5:1.5-2.5:3-5:1-2。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述发泡剂为偶氮二碳酸氨、偶氮异丁腈、苯磺酰肼与甲苯磺酰肼中的一种;防老剂为2、6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚或N-苯基-α-苯胺,硫化剂为N,N’-间苯撑双马来酰亚胺。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二中改性膨胀石墨的制备方法为:
将膨胀石墨在马弗炉中加热至650-800℃,使其膨胀至原体积的200倍以上,将膨胀得到的膨胀石墨取出冷却,将冷却后的膨胀石墨加入去离子水中,超声处理30-50min,超声过程中不断搅拌,超声结束后将膨胀石墨抽滤烘干;
将上一步骤经抽滤烘干的膨胀石墨加入氧化液中,在50-70℃的恒温水浴条件下超声反应3-6h,氧化反应结束后,抽滤,将抽滤后的膨胀石墨用30%的双氧水冲洗2-5遍后,再用去离子水冲洗3-5遍;
将上一步骤冲洗后的膨胀石墨加入磷酸盐溶液中超声处理20-30min,超声结束后抽滤烘干,烘干后的膨胀石墨在500-600℃的温度下焙烧30-50min,得到改性膨胀石墨。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化液为硝酸浓度3-5mol/L、高锰酸钾浓度0.5-0.8mol/L的混合水溶液。
9.根据权利要求4所述的一种用于装潢的隔音环保材料的制备方法,其特征在于,隔音胶粘剂的制备方法为:
S21、通过硅烷偶联剂对空心玻璃微珠进行处理后干燥待用;
S22、将醋酸乙烯-乙烯共聚乳液、氯丁石蜡、杀菌剂、消泡剂与上一步骤得到的空心玻璃微珠加入搅拌机中搅拌共混得到混合乳液,然后再向其中依次加入分散剂、润湿剂、凹凸棒土、木质纤维素与增稠剂,搅拌分散得到隔音胶粘剂。
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