CN110432055A - A kind of Moraceae ficus species ground fruit cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of Moraceae ficus species ground fruit cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110432055A CN110432055A CN201910547485.9A CN201910547485A CN110432055A CN 110432055 A CN110432055 A CN 110432055A CN 201910547485 A CN201910547485 A CN 201910547485A CN 110432055 A CN110432055 A CN 110432055A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention proposes a kind of Moraceae ficus species fruit cultural method: the following steps are included: the long vines strengthening root container seedling in 20-100cm of seedling fostering base selection length makees ground fruit and educates fruit seedling, it selects sunny, topography is flat, fertile soil, the soil is porous, irrigation and drainage are freely, the sandy loam of traffic convenience does field production land used, it applies fertilizer to the crop field of selection, decomposed 100 kg of 1000-5000kg of farmyard manure and three element compound fertilizer is applied per acre, it can reach high-quality on ground fruit commodity fruit produces with technical method of the invention, high yield, efficient cultivation purpose, it is advantageously implemented standardization, large-scale production, form specialty industries, a new approach is provided for countryside and peasantry increase wealth, support frame production is simple, material is easy to get, it is relatively low cost and easy to safeguard, it can be continuous It uses for many years and long service life, rain shelter cultivation can reduce the generation of ground fruit disease insect pest, Shaoshi or no pesticide grown, be conducive to improve ground fruit matter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, specially a kind of Moraceae ficus species ground fruit cultural method.
Background technique
Medium moist environment, aerial root palpus shape are born in ground fruit category Moraceae Ficus perennial evergreen liana, happiness, and vines are crawled
The growth of patch ground is sought connections on Yu Shushi, and adaptability is extremely strong, drought-resistant, and also not tight to soil requirement, coverage is big, and the green phase is long, no
It needs to trim, and resistance to trample, has effects that the solid soil of good sand prevention；Its fruit protein content is higher, Amino Acids in Proteins kind
Class composition it is relatively reasonable, also be rich in dietary fiber, carrotene, giving off a strong fragrance assails the nostrils when mature, fruit it is fragrant and sweet as honey, strong fragrance can people,
It is a kind of fruit full of nutrition, complete stool can be used as medicine, and have effects that wind-dispelling except temperature, clearing and activating the channels and collaterals, ground fruit is to collect edible, medicine
With, afforest, watch in the multi-purpose plant of one, " domesticating and cultivating of wild country melon and development and utilization are studied " of Li Jieyu et al.
Its cultivation technique is (one) selection of land and site preparation, (two) shading, (three) propagation method: 1 cutting propagation, 2 mound layerings, (four) field
Management, (five) pick and process, using this method can make wildly fruit enter artificial cultivation Land use systems, certain fruit can be obtained
Real yield and root yield, patent of invention number are CN201810755929.3, patent name: " a kind of ground fruit autumn crop field scale
Change implantation methods ", disclose a kind of ground fruit autumn crop field large-scale planting method, comprising: (one) crop field selects, and (two) site preparation is applied
Fertilizer, (three) ridging, the acquisition of (four) cuttings, (five), which take root, sterilizes mixed liquor processing, and the punching of (six) ridge face, (seven) cuttage, (eight) are covered
Lid mulch, (nine) irrigate, and (ten) fill the gaps with seedlings, and manage after (11) cuttage, (12) field management, by adopting the above technical scheme, In
In providing a kind of ground fruit autumn crop field large-scale planting method, Autumn Cutting is carried out using ground fruit old branch, in conjunction with covering with ground sheeting kind
Planting technology directly carries out field planting, and summer next year field plant can harvest ripening fruits, and this technology is not necessarily to additional culture medium,
Without nursery and sunshade, acclimatization and transplants are not necessarily to, directly progress large-scale planting, period cost before greatly saving effectively contract
The Growing season of short ground fruit seedling, hence it is evident that shorten the comprehensive exploitation time limit of ground fruit seedling, but the ground fruit that background above technology is cultivated cannot reach
To the effect of high-quality, high yield and acquisition good economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects, with providing a kind of Moraceae ficus species fruit cultivation side
The production of ground fruit can be achieved the effect that production cycle is short, fruit quality is good, yield is high and acquisition good economic benefits by method, can
Effectively to solve the problems in background technique.
To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes: a kind of Moraceae ficus species ground fruit cultural method: the following steps are included:
S1 it) educates the selection of fruit seedling fostering: making ground in the long vines strengthening root container seedling of 20-100cm of seedling fostering base selection length
Fruit educates fruit seedling；
S2) field production selection of land and site preparation:
1, crop field select: selection it is sunny, topography is flat, fertile soil, the soil is porous, irrigation and drainage freely, the sand of traffic convenience
Matter loam does field production land used；
2, site preparation and fertilization: applying fertilizer to the crop field of selection, applies decomposed 1000-5000kg of farmyard manure and three elements per acre
100 kg of compound fertilizer, and deep plough, deep plough 20-60cm or more；
S3) production cultivation compartment: carrying out trench digging point compartment according to the wide 200-400cm in compartment, 30-80cm of furrow width, the high 15-30cm in compartment, right
Soil progress hack in compartment face is smooth, ridging is carried out according to 50-100cm of row spacing, the high 15-30cm in ridge on big compartment, to ridge face soil
Earth carries out hack, is made into up-narrow and down-wide trapezoidal ridge and is dried, and the time is 3-15 days；
S4) stolon support frame production and installation: stolon support frame by arc-shaped lew, stolon bracket, irrigation conduit,
Matrix and baffle are constituted:
1, arc-shaped lew is by arc-shaped support column, arc-shaped connection support bar, arc-shaped circular sliding slopes bar, mesh sheet, film
It is formed with film-pressing line；
2, stolon bracket is made of layering fixed transverse rod, stolon bondage ring, stolon fixed arm and bondage ring support column；
3, irrigation conduit is that the droping irrigating pipe made by PE material, branch's dropper and water dropper are constituted；
4, matrix, which is selected, cleans sterile bark, pure wooden slag, vermiculite, perlite etc.；
5, matrix baffle is made of ageing-resistant plastic plate and spud pile；
S5 water-fertilizer integral facility) is established:
1, it builds pond and with fertile pond: pond being designed according to planting scale and matches fertilizer Chi great little, with brick, cement sandstone according to selected
Position and design requirement built；
2, conveyance conduit is installed: designing size, density, the length of rich water conveyance conduit according to planting scale, selects ageing-resistant
The plastic conduit of high pressure resistant material production, is installed according to design requirement；
3, droping irrigating pipe is installed: after seedling is planted, droping irrigating pipe being layed near closely fruit seedling root system；
S6) seedling is transplanted:
1, seedling process: by the long vines strengthening root that selected the bondage object unbundlings of fruit container seedling, single plant binding are placed in
It cultivates in compartment；
2, seedling transports: by the ground fruit container seedling manual handling to transport vehicle handled well, can not multilayer pile up, used according to plantation
Amount transports seedling；
3, seedling is transplanted: on the cultivation compartment made, under stolon bondage ring, plantation hole is dug, hole is greater than seedling fostering case,
Seedling is deviate from from incubator, is put into plantation hole, after the completion of whole compartment is planted, arranges cultivation compartment into isosceles trapezoid；
S7) stolon bondage: adjustment seedling direction makes seedling have rhizome section and stolon bondage ring consistency from top to bottom, ground fruit kind
Seedling has root segment stolon to correspond to bondage on ring, stops up root, 5-10cm of stolon of native identity distance bondage with soil；
S8) matrix baffle is installed:
1, ageing-resistant, free of contamination wooden, plastics or sheet metal the production of baffle and baffle support column: are selected；According to length
50-500cm, wide 10-50cm are sheared, and the 20-60cm of galvanizing steel shearing growth of 1-2cm of diameter is selected to make baffle branch
Dagger；
2, baffle is installed: in the two sides in Trapezoidal Cultivation compartment, away from the low straight line of upper bottom edge edge, according between 50-100cm
Away from baffle support column is squeezed into cultivation compartment soil, splice installation baffle in inside after clenching surely；
3, baffle management and maintenance: there is aging breakage that should remove and replace in time in baffle；
S9) matrix fills out paving:
1, matrix species and selection: the matrix that can be layed in ground fruit cultivation compartment surface has bark, pure wooden slag, vermiculite, perlite etc.；
2, after ground fruit seedling transplants completion and installs matrix baffle, the matrix paving of selection matrix laying method: is spread across cultivation
It trains in the baffle on compartment, and spreads to spill to first layer support mounting ring and flush, paving spills 5-15cm of thickness；
3, matrix management and maintenance；
S10) it is laid with ground cloth:
1, cloth selects: with selecting long service life, ageing-resistant black cloth；
2, it is laid with range: carrying out all standing laying in the baffle carriage body soil below face in two neighboring cultivation compartment and ditch；
3, laying method: shearing wide ground cloth according to the native face of laying and the length of ditch, width, and patch soil is paved, while keeping out plate, uses iron
Screw thread fastens ground cloth and soil；
4, cloth management and maintenance: matrix, which is used for a long time, to be contaminated, and it is sterile that the cleaning more renewed is all removed to the matrix of pollution
Matrix；To the matrix of decomposition, matrix addition of the same race is selected to be laid with；
S11) fruit thinning:
1, fruit-thinning time: ground fruit is addiction inflorescence, is carried out when Fruit is to 0.2-0.5cm；
2, fruit thinning method:
(1) fruit thinning is carried out according to the principle of " divide stem burden, uniformly stay fruit, select and remain " by stages；
(2) each stipes selects and remain a fruit；
(3) fruit thinning method: being divided into early, middle and late three batches for the ground fruit all cultivated, first stays big fruit to remove middle fruitlet, and second
It criticizes and middle fruit is stayed to remove large and small fruit, third batch stays fruitlet to remove big or middle fruit, to extend picking time and be put on sale the time.Hand when fruit thinning
Refer to and pinches fruit or cut from carpopodium with small scissors.When having 2 or more fruits on a stipes, according to require in batches into
Row is selected and remain, and when only one fruit, is directly retained to guarantee yield；
S12) growth period field management:
1, it fertilizer and water management: after on ground, 1-2 young leaves of fruit seedling are fully deployed, using fresh grass retting rich water+compound fertilizer's rich water, converts clear
Water is configured to 50-300 times of dilution rich water, and the pond You Peifei enters conveyance conduit through water pumper pressurization extracting, finally enters drip irrigation pipe
Road is applied fertilizer and is irrigated, and every 5-7 days primary, pours per acre apply 2000-5000 kilograms every time；
2, it cuts weeds: in growth period, pulling out the weeds in ground fruit cultivation compartment at any time, do not win honour for ground fruit, strive water, strive fertilizer, really
Protect ground fruit seedling fast-growth；
3, it the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in ground fruit seedling growth course, meets fungal disease and insect pest occurs, select low toxicity, low-residual
Biological bactericide and insecticide prevented and treated
S13) fruit harvesting:
1, mellow fruit feature: fruit is spherical, and fruit softens, pericarp pale red, and fruit is savory；
2, production picking fruit tray；
3, picking method: selecting mature ground fruits, pinch fruit on the other hand when picking, on the other hand with sharp small scissors from carpopodium
Middle part is cut, and fruit is put into and is contained in fruit tray；
S14) fruit is packed: production ground fruit packing case and Sheng compartmentalized box for holding assorted fruits and candies first clean up ground fruit, and be classified mounted box；
S15) dormant period field management: dormant period field management should be noted that leaf is protected in diseases prevention, during 2 months December to next years, be ground
The withered all ground fruit blade fallen and other sundries, weeds are carried out whole removings by fruit dormant period, and over the ground on fruit result section stem item
The new stem of sprouting wiped out, then applied fertilizer in right amount.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the arc-shaped lew is by arc-shaped support column, arc-shaped company
Support rod, arc-shaped circular sliding slopes bar, mesh sheet, film and film-pressing line is connect to constitute:
(1) arc-shaped support column: selection diameter be 2-10cm, 200-500cm of length coating steel pipe do support column, according to point
The planning of container is put in compartment, and on the middle line for putting compartment, one end of support column is hung down with concrete according to 100-500cm of spacing
It is directly fixed in the soil in cultivation compartment；
(2) arc-shaped connection support bar, selection diameter is 2-6cm, length is greater than the wide coating steel pipe in compartment, is bisected into two sections, in
Away from support 10-50cm of top end except place, vertical symmetry welding is being carried out with support column installation straight line, it is ensured that on every support column
The connecting rod of welding is in the same plane；
(3) arc-shaped circular sliding slopes bar selects diameter to be greater than support column endpoint and connection support bar both ends end for 2-6cm, length
The coating steel pipe of the arc length of point, is bent into circular arc type；
(4) mesh sheet is the zinc-plated or leaching modeling metal mesh for selecting 1-5 centimetres of mesh, according to the planar graph and size of the expansion of large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim face
It is sheared, is covered on large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim shape support frame and carries out bondage and fixed；
(5) film selects ageing-resistant film, and width is greater than the length of arc-shaped circular sliding slopes bar, film is covered on arc-shaped
On circular sliding slopes bar；
(6) film-pressing line selects iron wire or the rope with some strength, is placed on compression on film and bundled fixed is in connection branch
Strut both ends.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention: the stolon bracket is by layering fixed transverse rod, stolon bondage
Ring, stolon fixed arm, bondage ring support column are constituted:
(1) layering fixed transverse rod selects diameter for the coating steel pipe of 2-6cm, presses for 10-30 centimetres away from ground or more on support column
According to 10-50 centimetres of spacing, fixed transverse rod is subjected to layering in support column and is welded and fixed；
(2) it is 0.2-1.5cm that stolon bondage ring, which selects diameter, and the galvanized wire of 50-300cm of length manufactures growth 50-
200 centimetres, wide 20-50 centimetres of straight-flanked ring will be weldingly fixed on layering fixed transverse rod in the middle part of the long side of straight-flanked ring；
(3) stolon fixed arm selects the leaching ironshaper silk screen in 1-4 centimetres of aperture, selects and remain 1-3 complete nets in the longitudinal direction
It is cut off in the middle part of the two sides mesh in hole, the obtained mesh sheet of shearing is carried out being layered whole bondages along stolon bondage ring and is fixed；
(4) bondage ring support column selects diameter to be greater than top layer's stolon bondage ring for 2-6cm, length, to the height on ground
20-50 centimetres of coating steel pipe, against each layer stolon bondage ring be fixed on cultivation compartment in, and with each layer stolon bondage ring
It is welded and fixed.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, solid cultivation makes ground fruit stolon by staggeredly growth transition steric order growth of crawling, and vines are rationally distributed, can show
It writes and increases result stem length degree and leaf area, it is advantageous to increase unit area fruiting quantities and obtain high yield；
2, support frame production is simple, and material is easy to get, manufacture craft is simple, is relatively low cost and easy to safeguard, can use for years
And long service life；
3, water-fertilizer integral cultivating facility can for ground fruit robust growth and/or high yield provides sufficient fertilizer and water condition, has
Conducive to compared with low production cost；
4, fruit thinning measure can make the ground fruits size of production more uniform consistent, improve the commodity value of fruit and can extend and adopt
It the receipts phase and is put on sale the phase；
5, rain shelter cultivation can reduce the generation of ground fruit disease insect pest, Shaoshi or no pesticide grown, be conducive to improve ground fruit matter；
6, fruit, which contains compartmentalized box for holding assorted fruits and candies, can ensure that ground fruit is not under compression, maintains fruit intact, and realize quantitative package substantially, be conducive to storage and transportation
And sale, it can reach high-quality, highly efficient and productive cultivation mesh on ground fruit commodity fruit produces with technical method of the invention
, it is advantageously implemented standardization, large-scale production, specialty industries is formed, provides a new approach for countryside and peasantry increase wealth.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments；Based in the present invention
Embodiment, every other embodiment obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
A kind of Moraceae ficus species ground fruit cultural method, comprising the following steps:
S1 it) educates the selection of fruit seedling fostering: making ground fruit in the long vines strengthening root container seedling of seedling fostering base selection length 20cm and educate
Fruit seedling；
S2) field production selection of land and site preparation:
1, crop field select: selection it is sunny, topography is flat, fertile soil, the soil is porous, irrigation and drainage freely, the sand of traffic convenience
Matter loam does field production land used；
2, site preparation and fertilization: applying fertilizer to the crop field of selection, applies decomposed farmyard manure 1000kg and three element compound fertilizer per acre
100 kg, and deep plough, deep plough 20cm or more；
S3) production cultivation compartment: trench digging point compartment is carried out according to the wide 200cm in compartment, furrow width 30cm, the high 15cm in compartment, compartment face soil is carried out
Hack is smooth, carries out ridging according to the high 15cm in row spacing 50cm, ridge on big compartment, carries out hack to ridge soil, be made into it is narrow under
Wide trapezoidal ridge is simultaneously dried, and the time is 3 days；
S4) stolon support frame production and installation: stolon support frame by arc-shaped lew, stolon bracket, irrigation conduit,
Matrix and baffle are constituted:
1, arc-shaped lew is by arc-shaped support column, arc-shaped connection support bar, arc-shaped circular sliding slopes bar, mesh sheet, film
It is formed with film-pressing line:
(1) arc-shaped support column: selection diameter is 2cm, the coating steel pipe of length 200cm does support column, puts appearance according to a point compartment
One end of support column is perpendicularly fixed at cultivation compartment with concrete according to spacing 100cm on the middle line for putting compartment by the planning of device
Soil in；
(2) arc-shaped connection support bar, selection diameter is 2cm, length is greater than the wide coating steel pipe in compartment, is bisected into two sections, in away from
It supports top end 10cm except place, is carrying out vertical symmetry welding with support column installation straight line, it is ensured that weld on every support column
Connecting rod is in the same plane；
(3) arc-shaped circular sliding slopes bar selection diameter is 2cm, length is greater than support column endpoint and connection support bar both ends endpoint
The coating steel pipe of arc length, is bent into circular arc type；
(4) mesh sheet is the zinc-plated or leaching modeling metal mesh for selecting 1 centimetre of mesh, is carried out according to the planar graph and size of large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim face expansion
Shearing, is covered on large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim shape support frame and carries out bondage and fixed；
(5) film selects ageing-resistant film, and width is greater than the length of arc-shaped circular sliding slopes bar, film is covered on arc-shaped
On circular sliding slopes bar；
(6) film-pressing line selects iron wire or the rope with some strength, is placed on compression on film and bundled fixed is in connection branch
Strut both ends；
2, stolon bracket is made of layering fixed transverse rod, stolon bondage ring, stolon fixed arm and bondage ring support column:
(1) it is the coating steel pipe of 2cm that layering fixed transverse rod, which selects diameter, on support column 10 centimetres away from ground or more according to 10 centimetres
Spacing, by fixed transverse rod in support column carry out layering be welded and fixed；
(2) stolon bondage ring select diameter be 0.2cm, the galvanized wire of length 50cm manufacture growth 50 centimetres, it is 20 centimetres wide
Straight-flanked ring, will straight-flanked ring long side in the middle part of be weldingly fixed on layering fixed transverse rod on；
(3) stolon fixed arm selects the leaching ironshaper silk screen in 1-4 centimetres of aperture, selects and remain 1 complete mesh in the longitudinal direction
It is cut off in the middle part of the mesh of two sides, the obtained mesh sheet of shearing is carried out being layered whole bondages along stolon bondage ring and is fixed；
(4) bondage ring support column selects diameter to be greater than top layer's stolon bondage ring for 2cm, length, to the height 20-on ground
50 centimetres of coating steel pipe is fixed in cultivation compartment against each layer stolon bondage ring, and connects with each layer stolon bondage boxing
It is fixed；
3, irrigation conduit is that the droping irrigating pipe made by PE material, branch's dropper and water dropper are constituted；
4, matrix, which is selected, cleans sterile bark, pure wooden slag, vermiculite, perlite etc.；
5, matrix baffle is made of ageing-resistant plastic plate and spud pile；
S5 water-fertilizer integral facility) is established:
1, it builds pond and with fertile pond: pond being designed according to planting scale and matches fertilizer Chi great little, with brick, cement sandstone according to selected
Position and design requirement built；
2, conveyance conduit is installed: designing size, density, the length of rich water conveyance conduit according to planting scale, selects ageing-resistant
The plastic conduit of high pressure resistant material production, is installed according to design requirement；
3, droping irrigating pipe is installed: after seedling is planted, droping irrigating pipe being layed near closely fruit seedling root system；
S6) seedling is transplanted:
1, seedling process: by the long vines strengthening root that selected the bondage object unbundlings of fruit container seedling, single plant binding are placed in
It cultivates in compartment；
2, seedling transports: by the ground fruit container seedling manual handling to transport vehicle handled well, can not multilayer pile up, used according to plantation
Amount transports seedling；
3, seedling is transplanted: on the cultivation compartment made, under stolon bondage ring, plantation hole is dug, hole is greater than seedling fostering case,
Seedling is deviate from from incubator, is put into plantation hole, after the completion of whole compartment is planted, arranges cultivation compartment into isosceles trapezoid；
S7) stolon bondage: adjustment seedling direction makes seedling have rhizome section and stolon bondage ring consistency from top to bottom, ground fruit kind
Seedling has root segment stolon to correspond to bondage on ring, stops up root, 5-10cm of stolon of native identity distance bondage with soil；
S8) matrix baffle is installed:
1, ageing-resistant, free of contamination wooden, plastics or sheet metal the production of baffle and baffle support column: are selected；According to length
50cm, width 10cm are sheared, and the galvanizing steel shearing growth 20cm of diameter 1cm is selected to make baffle support column；
2, baffle is installed: will be kept off away from the low straight line of upper bottom edge edge according to the spacing of 50cm in the two sides in Trapezoidal Cultivation compartment
Plate support column is squeezed into cultivation compartment soil, splices installation baffle in inside after clenching surely；
3, baffle management and maintenance: there is aging breakage that should remove and replace in time in baffle；
S9) matrix fills out paving:
1, matrix species and selection: the matrix that can be layed in ground fruit cultivation compartment surface has bark, pure wooden slag, vermiculite, perlite etc.；
2, after ground fruit seedling transplants completion and installs matrix baffle, the matrix paving of selection matrix laying method: is spread across cultivation
It trains in the baffle on compartment, and spreads to spill to first layer support mounting ring and flush, paving spills 5-15cm of thickness；
3, matrix management and maintenance；
S10) it is laid with ground cloth:
1, cloth selects: with selecting long service life, ageing-resistant black cloth；
2, it is laid with range: carrying out all standing laying in the baffle carriage body soil below face in two neighboring cultivation compartment and ditch；
3, laying method: shearing wide ground cloth according to the native face of laying and the length of ditch, width, and patch soil is paved, while keeping out plate, uses iron
Screw thread fastens ground cloth and soil；
4, cloth management and maintenance: matrix, which is used for a long time, to be contaminated, and it is sterile that the cleaning more renewed is all removed to the matrix of pollution
Matrix；To the matrix of decomposition, matrix addition of the same race is selected to be laid with；
S11) fruit thinning:
1, fruit-thinning time: ground fruit is addiction inflorescence, is carried out when Fruit is to 0.2cm；
2, fruit thinning method:
(1) fruit thinning is carried out according to the principle of " divide stem burden, uniformly stay fruit, select and remain " by stages；
(2) each stipes selects and remain a fruit；
(3) fruit thinning method: being divided into early, middle and late three batches for the ground fruit all cultivated, first stays big fruit to remove middle fruitlet, and second
It criticizes and middle fruit is stayed to remove large and small fruit, third batch stays fruitlet to remove big or middle fruit, to extend picking time and be put on sale the time.Hand when fruit thinning
Refer to and pinches fruit or cut from carpopodium with small scissors.When having 2 or more fruits on a stipes, according to require in batches into
Row is selected and remain, and when only one fruit, is directly retained to guarantee yield；
S12) growth period field management:
1, it fertilizer and water management: after on ground, 1-2 young leaves of fruit seedling are fully deployed, using fresh grass retting rich water+compound fertilizer's rich water, converts clear
Water is configured to 50 times of dilution rich water, and the pond You Peifei enters conveyance conduit through water pumper pressurization extracting, finally enter droping irrigating pipe into
Row fertilising and irrigation, every 5 days primary, pours per acre apply 2000 kilograms every time；
2, it cuts weeds: in growth period, pulling out the weeds in ground fruit cultivation compartment at any time, do not win honour for ground fruit, strive water, strive fertilizer, really
Protect ground fruit seedling fast-growth；
3, it the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in ground fruit seedling growth course, meets fungal disease and insect pest occurs, select low toxicity, low-residual
Biological bactericide and insecticide prevented and treated
S13) fruit harvesting:
1, mellow fruit feature: fruit is spherical, and fruit softens, pericarp pale red, and fruit is savory；
2, production picking fruit tray；
3, picking method: selecting mature ground fruits, pinch fruit on the other hand when picking, on the other hand with sharp small scissors from carpopodium
Middle part is cut, and fruit is put into and is contained in fruit tray；
S14) fruit is packed: production ground fruit packing case and Sheng compartmentalized box for holding assorted fruits and candies first clean up ground fruit, and be classified mounted box；
S15) dormant period field management: dormant period field management should be noted that leaf is protected in diseases prevention, during 2 months December to next years, be ground
The withered all ground fruit blade fallen and other sundries, weeds are carried out whole removings by fruit dormant period, and over the ground on fruit result section stem item
The new stem of sprouting wiped out, then applied fertilizer in right amount.
Benefit of the present invention: it can reach high-quality, high yield, height on ground fruit commodity fruit produces with technical method of the invention
The cultivation purpose of effect is advantageously implemented standardization, large-scale production, forms specialty industries, provides for countryside and peasantry increase wealth
One new approach.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Moraceae ficus species ground fruit cultural method, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
S1 it) educates the selection of fruit seedling fostering: making ground in the long vines strengthening root container seedling of 20-100cm of seedling fostering base selection length
Fruit educates fruit seedling；
S2) field production selection of land and site preparation:
1, crop field select: selection it is sunny, topography is flat, fertile soil, the soil is porous, irrigation and drainage freely, the sand of traffic convenience
Matter loam does field production land used；
2, site preparation and fertilization: applying fertilizer to the crop field of selection, applies decomposed 1000-5000kg of farmyard manure and three elements per acre
100 kg of compound fertilizer, and deep plough, deep plough 20-60cm or more；
S3) production cultivation compartment: carrying out trench digging point compartment according to the wide 200-400cm in compartment, 30-80cm of furrow width, the high 15-30cm in compartment, right
Soil progress hack in compartment face is smooth, ridging is carried out according to 50-100cm of row spacing, the high 15-30cm in ridge on big compartment, to ridge face soil
Earth carries out hack, is made into up-narrow and down-wide trapezoidal ridge and is dried, and the time is 3-15 days；
S4) stolon support frame production and installation: stolon support frame by arc-shaped lew, stolon bracket, irrigation conduit,
Matrix and baffle are constituted:
1, arc-shaped lew is by arc-shaped support column, arc-shaped connection support bar, arc-shaped circular sliding slopes bar, mesh sheet, film
It is formed with film-pressing line；
2, stolon bracket is made of layering fixed transverse rod, stolon bondage ring, stolon fixed arm and bondage ring support column；
3, irrigation conduit is that the droping irrigating pipe made by PE material, branch's dropper and water dropper are constituted；
4, matrix, which is selected, cleans sterile bark, pure wooden slag, vermiculite, perlite etc.；
5, matrix baffle is made of ageing-resistant plastic plate and spud pile；
S5 water-fertilizer integral facility) is established:
1, it builds pond and with fertile pond: pond being designed according to planting scale and matches fertilizer Chi great little, with brick, cement sandstone according to selected
Position and design requirement built；
2, conveyance conduit is installed: designing size, density, the length of rich water conveyance conduit according to planting scale, selects ageing-resistant
The plastic conduit of high pressure resistant material production, is installed according to design requirement；
3, droping irrigating pipe is installed: after seedling is planted, droping irrigating pipe being layed near closely fruit seedling root system；
S6) seedling is transplanted:
1, seedling process: by the long vines strengthening root that selected the bondage object unbundlings of fruit container seedling, single plant binding are placed in
It cultivates in compartment；
2, seedling transports: by the ground fruit container seedling manual handling to transport vehicle handled well, can not multilayer pile up, used according to plantation
Amount transports seedling；
3, seedling is transplanted: on the cultivation compartment made, under stolon bondage ring, plantation hole is dug, hole is greater than seedling fostering case,
Seedling is deviate from from incubator, is put into plantation hole, after the completion of whole compartment is planted, arranges cultivation compartment into isosceles trapezoid；
S7) stolon bondage: adjustment seedling direction makes seedling have rhizome section and stolon bondage ring consistency from top to bottom, ground fruit kind
Seedling has root segment stolon to correspond to bondage on ring, stops up root, 5-10cm of stolon of native identity distance bondage with soil；
S8) matrix baffle is installed:
1, ageing-resistant, free of contamination wooden, plastics or sheet metal the production of baffle and baffle support column: are selected；According to length
50-500cm, wide 10-50cm are sheared, and the 20-60cm of galvanizing steel shearing growth of 1-2cm of diameter is selected to make baffle branch
Dagger；
2, baffle is installed: in the two sides in Trapezoidal Cultivation compartment, away from the low straight line of upper bottom edge edge, according between 50-100cm
Away from baffle support column is squeezed into cultivation compartment soil, splice installation baffle in inside after clenching surely；
3, baffle management and maintenance: there is aging breakage that should remove and replace in time in baffle；
S9) matrix fills out paving:
1, matrix species and selection: the matrix that can be layed in ground fruit cultivation compartment surface has bark, pure wooden slag, vermiculite, perlite etc.；
2, after ground fruit seedling transplants completion and installs matrix baffle, the matrix paving of selection matrix laying method: is spread across cultivation
It trains in the baffle on compartment, and spreads to spill to first layer support mounting ring and flush, paving spills 5-15cm of thickness；
3, matrix management and maintenance；
S10) it is laid with ground cloth:
1, cloth selects: with selecting long service life, ageing-resistant black cloth；
2, it is laid with range: carrying out all standing laying in the baffle carriage body soil below face in two neighboring cultivation compartment and ditch；
3, laying method: shearing wide ground cloth according to the native face of laying and the length of ditch, width, and patch soil is paved, while keeping out plate, uses iron
Screw thread fastens ground cloth and soil；
4, cloth management and maintenance: matrix, which is used for a long time, to be contaminated, and it is sterile that the cleaning more renewed is all removed to the matrix of pollution
Matrix；To the matrix of decomposition, matrix addition of the same race is selected to be laid with；
S11) fruit thinning:
1, fruit-thinning time: ground fruit is addiction inflorescence, is carried out when Fruit is to 0.2-0.5cm；
2, fruit thinning method:
(1) fruit thinning is carried out according to the principle of " divide stem burden, uniformly stay fruit, select and remain " by stages；
(2) each stipes selects and remain a fruit；
(3) fruit thinning method: being divided into early, middle and late three batches for the ground fruit all cultivated, first stays big fruit to remove middle fruitlet, and second
It criticizes and middle fruit is stayed to remove large and small fruit, third batch stays fruitlet to remove big or middle fruit, to extend picking time and be put on sale the time；
It pinches fruit with finger when fruit thinning or is cut from carpopodium with small scissors；
When having 2 or more fruits on a stipes, according to requiring to be selected and remain in batches, when only one fruit, direct guarantor
It stays to guarantee yield；
S12) growth period field management:
1, it fertilizer and water management: after on ground, 1-2 young leaves of fruit seedling are fully deployed, using fresh grass retting rich water+compound fertilizer's rich water, converts clear
Water is configured to 50-300 times of dilution rich water, and the pond You Peifei enters conveyance conduit through water pumper pressurization extracting, finally enters drip irrigation pipe
Road is applied fertilizer and is irrigated, and every 5-7 days primary, pours per acre apply 2000-5000 kilograms every time；
2, it cuts weeds: in growth period, pulling out the weeds in ground fruit cultivation compartment at any time, do not win honour for ground fruit, strive water, strive fertilizer, really
Protect ground fruit seedling fast-growth；
3, it the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: in ground fruit seedling growth course, meets fungal disease and insect pest occurs, select low toxicity, low-residual
Biological bactericide and insecticide prevented and treated
S13) fruit harvesting:
1, mellow fruit feature: fruit is spherical, and fruit softens, pericarp pale red, and fruit is savory；
2, production picking fruit tray；
3, picking method: selecting mature ground fruits, pinch fruit on the other hand when picking, on the other hand with sharp small scissors from carpopodium
Middle part is cut, and fruit is put into and is contained in fruit tray；
S14) fruit is packed: production ground fruit packing case and Sheng compartmentalized box for holding assorted fruits and candies first clean up ground fruit, and be classified mounted box；
S15) dormant period field management: dormant period field management should be noted that leaf is protected in diseases prevention, during 2 months December to next years, be ground
The withered all ground fruit blade fallen and other sundries, weeds are carried out whole removings by fruit dormant period, and over the ground on fruit result section stem item
The new stem of sprouting wiped out, then applied fertilizer in right amount.
2. a kind of Moraceae ficus species according to claim 1 ground fruit cultural method, it is characterised in that: described arc-shaped to keep away
Awning is made of arc-shaped support column, arc-shaped connection support bar, arc-shaped circular sliding slopes bar, mesh sheet, film and film-pressing line:
(1) arc-shaped support column: selection diameter be 2-10cm, 200-500cm of length coating steel pipe do support column, according to point
The planning of container is put in compartment, and on the middle line for putting compartment, one end of support column is hung down with concrete according to 100-500cm of spacing
It is directly fixed in the soil in cultivation compartment；
(2) arc-shaped connection support bar, selection diameter is 2-6cm, length is greater than the wide coating steel pipe in compartment, is bisected into two sections, in
Away from support 10-50cm of top end except place, vertical symmetry welding is being carried out with support column installation straight line, it is ensured that on every support column
The connecting rod of welding is in the same plane；
(3) arc-shaped circular sliding slopes bar selects diameter to be greater than support column endpoint and connection support bar both ends end for 2-6cm, length
The coating steel pipe of the arc length of point, is bent into circular arc type；
(4) mesh sheet is the zinc-plated or leaching modeling metal mesh for selecting 1-5 centimetres of mesh, according to the planar graph and size of the expansion of large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim face
It is sheared, is covered on large bamboo hat with a conical crown and broad brim shape support frame and carries out bondage and fixed；
(5) film selects ageing-resistant film, and width is greater than the length of arc-shaped circular sliding slopes bar, film is covered on arc-shaped
On circular sliding slopes bar；
(6) film-pressing line selects iron wire or the rope with some strength, is placed on compression on film and bundled fixed is in connection branch
Strut both ends.
3. a kind of Moraceae ficus species according to claim 1 ground fruit cultural method, it is characterised in that: the stolon branch
Frame is made of layering fixed transverse rod, stolon bondage ring, stolon fixed arm, bondage ring support column:
(1) layering fixed transverse rod selects diameter for the coating steel pipe of 2-6cm, presses for 10-30 centimetres away from ground or more on support column
According to 10-50 centimetres of spacing, fixed transverse rod is subjected to layering in support column and is welded and fixed；
(2) it is 0.2-1.5cm that stolon bondage ring, which selects diameter, and the galvanized wire of 50-300cm of length manufactures growth 50-
200 centimetres, wide 20-50 centimetres of straight-flanked ring will be weldingly fixed on layering fixed transverse rod in the middle part of the long side of straight-flanked ring；
(3) stolon fixed arm selects the leaching ironshaper silk screen in 1-4 centimetres of aperture, selects and remain 1-3 complete nets in the longitudinal direction
It is cut off in the middle part of the two sides mesh in hole, the obtained mesh sheet of shearing is carried out being layered whole bondages along stolon bondage ring and is fixed；
(4) bondage ring support column selects diameter to be greater than top layer's stolon bondage ring for 2-6cm, length, to the height on ground
20-50 centimetres of coating steel pipe, against each layer stolon bondage ring be fixed on cultivation compartment in, and with each layer stolon bondage ring
It is welded and fixed.
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| CN111357512A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-03 | 铜仁学院 | Method for efficiently collecting seedlings of fruits on large scale |
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