CN110431002B - 复合材料构件、复合材料构件的制造方法及其成形用模具 - Google Patents

复合材料构件、复合材料构件的制造方法及其成形用模具 Download PDF

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CN110431002B
CN110431002B CN201780088266.8A CN201780088266A CN110431002B CN 110431002 B CN110431002 B CN 110431002B CN 201780088266 A CN201780088266 A CN 201780088266A CN 110431002 B CN110431002 B CN 110431002B
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resin
layer
frp
rich layer
molding
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CN110431002A (zh
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滨田幸宏
大久保洋志
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Renault SAS
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Renault SAS
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • B29C45/14778Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the article consisting of a material with particular properties, e.g. porous, brittle
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  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
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Abstract

一种复合材料构件,在FRP层的表面的至少一部分的区域上形成有纤维含有率比FRP层的纤维含有率低的富树脂层,以贯通FRP层和富树脂层的方式穿设有孔。

Description

复合材料构件、复合材料构件的制造方法及其成形用模具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合材料构件、复合材料构件的制造方法及其成形用模具。
背景技术
以往以来,进行如下方法:在将被紧固物紧固于由纤维强化塑料形成的构件(以下,称为FRP构件)之际,在FRP构件穿设孔,将紧固件贯穿该孔,利用所贯穿的紧固件将FRP构件和被紧固物紧固。日本特开2016-114139号公报公开有相关联的技术。
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
若对FRP构件实施开孔加工,则有时在孔的周边部产生强化纤维的剥离、树脂的缺损等,该孔周边部的强化纤维的剥离等可能成为FRP构件的紧固部的裂纹的原因。
本发明的目的在于在FRP构件等复合材料构件中抑制与开孔加工相伴的强化纤维的剥离、树脂的缺损的产生。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明的一形态是一种复合材料构件,在该复合材料构件中,在FRP层的表面的至少一部分的区域上形成有纤维含有率比FRP层的纤维含有率低的富树脂层,以贯通FRP层和富树脂层的方式穿设有孔。
发明的效果
根据上述复合材料构件,能够抑制与开孔加工相伴的强化纤维的剥离、树脂的缺损的产生。
附图说明
图1A是第1实施方式的复合材料构件的俯视图,表示安装固定套环和垫圈之前的状态。
图1B是沿着图1A的Ib-Ib线的剖视图。
图2是第1实施方式的复合材料构件的剖视图。
图3A表示利用钻头在通常的FRP构件进行了开孔加工时的状态。
图3B表示利用钻头在通常的FRP构件进行了开孔加工时的状态。
图3C表示利用钻头在通常的FRP构件进行了开孔加工时的状态。
图3D表示利用钻头在通常的FRP构件进行了开孔加工时的状态。
图4A是第2实施方式的复合材料构件的俯视图。为了简洁,省略了套环和垫圈。
图4B是沿着图4A的IVb-IVb线的剖视图。
图5A是第3实施方式的复合材料构件的俯视图。为了简洁,省略了套环和垫圈。
图5B是沿着图5A的Vb-Vb线的剖视图。
图6A是第4实施方式的复合材料构件的俯视图。为了简洁,省略了套环和垫圈。
图6B是沿着图6A的VIb-VIb线的剖视图。
图7A是说明复合材料构件的制造方法的图。
图7B是说明复合材料构件的制造方法的图。
图7C是说明复合材料构件的制造方法的图。
图8A是复合材料构件的成形用模具的主要部分放大图。
图8B是沿着图8A的VIIIb-VIIIb线的剖视图。
图9A是说明复合材料构件的制造方法的图。
图9B是说明复合材料构件的制造方法的图。
图9C是说明复合材料构件的制造方法的图。
图10A是说明复合材料构件的其他制造方法的图。
图10B是说明复合材料构件的其他制造方法的图。
图10C是说明复合材料构件的其他制造方法的图。
图11A是说明复合材料构件的其他制造方法的图。
图11B是说明复合材料构件的其他制造方法的图。
具体实施方式
以下,一边参照附图一边对几个实施方式的复合材料构件(以下,称为构件CM)进行说明。此外,以下的说明中的“上”“下”等表示方向的用语是为了说明各部的位置关系而方便起见确定的,并不限定实际的安装姿势等。
<第1实施方式>
如图1A、图1B以及图2所示,第1实施方式的构件CM具备:FRP层1;富树脂层2,其形成于FRP层1的上侧的表面1a上;富树脂层2,其形成于FRP层1的下侧的表面1b上;以及孔3,其沿着构件CM的厚度方向T穿设。此外,图示的构件CM形成为平板状,其形状可根据用途适当选择,例如也可以是曲板状。
FRP层1由纤维强化塑料形成,主要由强化纤维F和基体树脂MR构成。强化纤维F由沿着构件CM的面方向S取向了的连续纤维构成,例如,能具有在一方向上或者改变角度地将强化纤维束层叠起来的层叠构造、或者织物的形态。FRP层1的厚度并没有特别限定,能够根据构件CM所要求的强度、刚性等适当设定。
强化纤维F并没有特别限定,能够使用例如碳纤维、玻璃纤维、聚芳酰胺纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳化硅纤维、硼纤维、碳化硅纤维等。碳纤维能够使用例如聚丙烯腈(PAN系)、沥青系、纤维素系、基于碳化氢的气相生长系碳纤维、石墨纤维等。这些纤维也可以组合两种以上来使用。
基体树脂MR并没有特别限定,能够使用例如环氧树脂、苯酚树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、乙烯基脂树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚苯硫醚(PPS)树脂等公知的热固化性树脂、热塑性树脂。
此外,FRP层1能含有着色剂、填充剂等各种添加剂作为除了强化纤维F和基体树脂MR以外的成分。
富树脂层2主要由作为基体树脂MR的材料例示的上述公知的热固化性树脂、热塑性树脂形成。富树脂层2的主成分树脂既可以是与基体树脂MR相同的树脂,也可以是不同的树脂,也可以是它们的混合物。富树脂层2与FRP层1同样地能含有强化纤维、各种添加剂作为除了主成分树脂以外的成分。
富树脂层2具有比FRP层1的纤维含有率低的纤维含有率。FRP层1的纤维含有率是FRP层1所包含的强化纤维F相对于FRP层1整体的体积比率,富树脂层2的纤维含有率是富树脂层2所包含的强化纤维相对于富树脂层2整体的体积比率。
孔3以贯通FRP层1和在该FRP层1的两侧的表面1a、1b上形成的富树脂层2的方式穿设。如图2所示,在孔3安装固定有套环4。套环4具有筒状部41和凸缘42,筒状部41贯穿孔3。凸缘42被在其背面42a与FRP层1的表面1a之间的间隙G1设置的粘接剂A粘接于FRP层1。上侧的富树脂层2在使其表面与凸缘42的背面42a抵接了的状态下介于FRP层1的表面1a与凸缘42的背面42a之间,规定了间隙G1的大小。
另外,在FRP层1的下侧的表面1b设置有金属制的垫圈5。垫圈5被在其背面5a与FRP层1的表面1b之间的间隙G2设置的粘接剂A粘接于FRP层1。下侧的富树脂层2在使其表面与垫圈5的背面5a抵接了的状态下介于FRP层1的表面1b与垫圈5的背面5a之间,规定了间隙G2的大小。此外,粘接剂A并没有特别限定,能够使用例如环氧系、尿烷系等公知的粘接剂。
孔3的周边部3X与套环4以及垫圈5一起构成构件CM的紧固部FP。紧固部FP被贯穿套环4的筒状部41的紧固件(例如螺栓6和螺母7)紧固于被紧固物8。在本实施方式中,将被紧固物8与垫圈5叠置,使螺栓6贯穿套环4的筒状部41和被紧固物8的孔8a,并使螺母7紧固于螺栓6,从而能够将构件CM和被紧固物8紧固。此外,也能够省略垫圈5,而在使被紧固物8的上表面8b与套环4的筒状部41的顶端抵接了的状态下、或者在使被紧固物8的上表面8b与FRP层1的表面1b抵接了的状态下将构件CM和被紧固物8紧固。
以下,对本实施方式的作用效果进行说明。
一般而言,在FRP构件的开孔加工中使用钻头、立铣刀、水刀切割等。在由钻头进行的开孔加工中,如图3A所示,首先,使钻头顶端Da进入钻头进入侧的表面S1。此时,钻头D的旋转力有时沿着将强化纤维F剥离的方向(主要是面方向S)从钻头顶端Da作用于孔周边部X的最表层的强化纤维F。由此,于在强化纤维F间产生的力超过了强化纤维F彼此的粘接力的情况下,在表面S1的孔周边部X可能产生强化纤维的剥离、树脂的缺损。
之后,如图3B所示,若钻头顶端Da向钻头透出侧的表面S2靠近、材料的未切削部的厚度变小,则位于表面S2的最表层的强化纤维F由于钻头D的推力而以向外侧突出的方式开始变形。
然后,如图3C所示,在钻头顶端Da要从表面S2透出时,材料的未切削部进一步变薄,钻头D的推力沿着将强化纤维F剥离的方向(主要是厚度方向T)从钻头顶端Da作用于孔周边部X的最表层的强化纤维F。由此,于在强化纤维F间产生了的力超过了强化纤维F彼此的粘接力的情况下,如图3D所示,在表面S2的孔周边部X可能产生强化纤维F的剥离。
此外,在由立铣刀、水刀切割进行的开孔加工中,切削力或切割力也有时沿着将强化纤维F剥离的方向作用到孔周边部X的最表层的强化纤维F,与由钻头D进行的开孔加工同样地可能产生强化纤维F的剥离、树脂的缺损。
(A)相对于此,在本实施方式的构件CM中,在FRP层1的表面1a、1b上形成有富树脂层2,孔3以贯通FRP层1和富树脂层2的方式穿设。即,在开孔加工的期间内,FRP层1的孔周边部3X处的最表层的强化纤维F被沿着厚度方向T相邻的富树脂层2支承或约束,其变形被抑制。因此,在开孔加工之际,沿着将孔周边部3X的最表层的强化纤维F剥离的方向作用于该最表层的强化纤维F的力比没有富树脂层2的情况小。
另外,富树脂层2的纤维含有率比FRP层1的纤维含有率低,因此,在开孔加工之际,从工具经由富树脂层2向最表层的强化纤维F传递的力比采用了纤维含有率比FRP层1的纤维含有率高的层的情况小。
因而,根据构件CM的结构,难以产生与开孔加工相伴的FRP层1中的强化纤维F的剥离、树脂的缺损。由此,在孔周边部3X中能成为紧固部FP的裂纹的原因的强化纤维F的剥离、树脂的缺损变少,能够获得紧固部FP的强度·可靠性较高的构件CM。
(B)另外,在构件CM中,在FRP层1的两侧的表面1a、1b上形成有富树脂层2,因此,能够在FRP层1的两侧的表面1a、1b中获得上述效果(A)。由此,孔周边部3X的强化纤维F的剥离、树脂的缺损更少,能够获得紧固部FP的强度·可靠性更高的构件CM。
(C)而且,在构件CM中,FRP层1的强化纤维F由连续纤维构成,因此,能够确保构件CM的强度、刚性,同时使紧固部FP的强度·可靠性更加提高。
(D)另外,在构件CM中,上侧的富树脂层2介于FRP层1的表面1a与凸缘42的背面42a之间,下侧的富树脂层2介于FRP层1的表面1b与垫圈5的背面5a之间,分别规定了间隙G1、G2的大小。因此,通过使富树脂层2的厚度增减,能够控制间隙G1、G2的大小、即粘接剂A的厚度,能够稳定地获得粘接强度。
此外,富树脂层2的厚度并没有特别限定,但为了更可靠地获得上述效果(A)和(B),优选设为0.1mm以上。更优选的是0.5mm以上,进一步优选的是1.0mm以上。
富树脂层2的厚度作为在孔周边部3X中构成富树脂层2的表面的树脂层的厚度t2与在FRP层1的一般部(未形成富树脂层2的部分)中构成表面1a、1b的树脂层的厚度t1之差求出。厚度t1、t2能够通过利用例如电子显微镜等观察与面方向S垂直的截面来计量。在此,厚度t1被定义为从FRP层1的表面1a、1b到最表层的强化纤维F的距离的预定数量的测定值的平均值。另外,厚度t2被定义为从富树脂层2的表面到最表层的强化纤维F的距离的预定数量的测定值的平均值。
另外,富树脂层2的纤维含有率并没有特别限定,为了更可靠地获得上述效果(A)和(B),优选设为FRP层1的纤维含有率的80%以下。更优选是FRP层1的纤维含有率的60%以下,进一步优选是FRP层1的纤维含有率的40%以下,更进一步优选是FRP层1的纤维含有率的20%以下,最优选是FRP层1的纤维含有率的5%以下。
此外,富树脂层2的纤维含有率Vf能够由下述(1)式求出。
Vf=100×强化纤维的体积/(强化纤维的体积+除了强化纤维以外的成分的体积)(1)
具体而言,列举出如下方法:从富树脂层2的试样去除除了强化纤维以外的成分而求出强化纤维和除此之外的成分的质量,使用各成分的密度而将这些质量的值换算成体积,将这些体积的值代入(1)式而求出。作为从试样去除除了强化纤维以外的成分的方法,列举出例如通过燃烧(热分解)去除的方法、利用化学物质进行溶解去除的方法。此外,对于FRP层1的纤维含有率Vf,也能够同样地求出。
<变形例>
在本实施方式的变形例中,作为强化纤维F,能够采用长纤维、短纤维等不连续的纤维、或连续纤维与不连续纤维的组合。而且,在另一变形例中,能够采用强化纤维F的一部分或全部随机地取向而成的强化纤维。这些变形例适合于构件CM的形状复杂且要求较高的成形性的情况等。另外,根据这些变形例,除了上述效果(A)、(B)和(D)之外,还能够利用强化纤维F本身的构造获得能够更加抑制强化纤维F的剥离这样的效果。
<其他实施方式>
接着,参照图4A~图6B而对第2实施方式~第4实施方式的构件CM进行说明。此外,对于具有与在上述中已经进行了说明的要素相同的功能的要素,标注相同的附图标记,省略其说明。
在这些实施方式中,如图4A~图6B所示,在FRP层1的表面1a的被凸缘42覆盖着的区域上形成有作为富树脂层2的第1富树脂层21和第2富树脂层22。另外,在FRP层1的表面1b的被垫圈5覆盖着的区域上也形成有作为富树脂层2的第1富树脂层21和第2富树脂层22。孔3穿设于在表面1a、1b上形成的第1富树脂层21的中央部,孔周边部3X的构造与第1实施方式及其变形例的构造同样。因而,在第2实施方式~第4实施方式中也能够获得与第1实施方式及其变形例的效果同样的效果。
另外,在第2实施方式~第4实施方式中,在孔3的半径方向上,在比第1富树脂层21靠外侧的位置设置有第2富树脂层22。因此,通过控制位于与孔3分开的位置的第2富树脂层22的厚度,能够更准确地控制间隙G1、G2的大小、即粘接剂A的厚度,能够更稳定地获得凸缘42、垫圈5等的粘接强度。
尤其是,在第2实施方式中,如图4A和图4B所示,第2富树脂层22构成了连续地包围第1富树脂层21的周围的环状凸部22a。因而,能够利用环状凸部22a挡住粘接剂A,因此,能够更准确地控制粘接剂A的厚度,同时粘接剂A不向凸缘42、垫圈5的外侧的区域溢出。此外,图4A和图4B所示的环状凸部22a的形状是一圈环状,但也可以是两圈以上的环状。
另外,在第3实施方式中,如图5A和图5B所示,第2富树脂层22构成了包围第1富树脂层21的周围的多个岛状凸部22b。因而,能够更准确地控制粘接剂A的厚度,同时在孔3的半径方向上使粘接剂A遍及岛状凸部22b的列的内侧和外侧。此外,图5A和图5B所示的多个岛状凸部22b沿着周向呈同心圆状配置有两列,但列数既可以是1列,也可以是3列以上,另外,也可以不是呈同心圆状而是随机地配置。另外,图5A和图5B所示的岛状凸部22b形成有62个,但其个数既可以是63个以下,也可以是65个以上。各岛状凸部22b的形状并没有特别限定,也可以是圆形状、椭圆形状、多边形形状、扇形形状、圆弧状等。
而且,在第4实施方式中,如图6A和图6B所示,第2富树脂层22构成了从第1富树脂层21向孔3的半径方向外侧延伸的线状凸部22c。线状凸部22c从第1富树脂层21向外侧延伸,因此,通过控制线状凸部22c的厚度,能够更准确地规定套环4、垫圈5相对于FRP层1的表面1a、1b的姿势(角度)。此外,图6A和图6B所示的线状凸部22c从第1富树脂层21向外侧连续地延伸,但线状凸部22c也可以由沿着孔3的半径方向不连续地排列的多个线状凸部22c构成。另外,线状凸部22c的根数并没有特别限定,既可以是3根以下,也可以是5根以上。
另外,对于第2实施方式~第4实施方式的环状凸部22a、岛状凸部22b、线状凸部22c,也能够将其中的两个以上组合来适用。
接着,参照图7A~图11B而对效率良好地制造构件CM的方法进行说明。
<构件CM的制造方法P1>
参照图7A~图9C而对构件CM的制造方法P1进行说明。
首先,从不浸渗有树脂的所谓干状态的强化纤维制作成为构件CM的强化纤维F的强化纤维体1f(强化纤维基材)。强化纤维体1f由在一方向上或者改变角度地将强化纤维束层叠并利用缝线捆扎而成的构件、或者不使用缝线而是利用热粘接进行了保形而成的构件、或者强化纤维的织物等构成。构成强化纤维体1f的强化纤维也可以是连续的强化纤维、不连续的强化纤维、或它们的组合。
接着,如图7A所示,将强化纤维体1f安放在成形模具9内。成形模具9是用于成形构件CM的模具,具有上模9A和下模9B。上模9A具有成形构件CM的上侧的表面的成形面9a,下模9B具有成形构件CM的下侧的表面的成形面9b。
如图8A和图8B所示,下模9B的成形面9b具备凹部90。凹部90形成于成形面9b的与被穿孔部3Y(参照图7C、图9A等)相对应的区域。被穿孔部3Y是指,在随后论述的成形体M1、M2和粘接构造体M3等开设孔3之前的构件中要穿设孔3的部位。下模9B的凹部90构成成形面9b的一部分,用于在FRP层1的表面1b上形成富树脂层2。在凹部90的底面91形成有4个突起92,该4个突起92从底面91向上方突出,将强化纤维体1f的下表面支承成与底面91分开的状态。另外,如图7A所示,在上模9A的成形面9a的与被穿孔部3Y相对应的区域也形成有凹部90。上模9A的凹部90构成成形面9a的一部分,用于在FRP层1的表面1a上形成富树脂层2。在该凹部90的底面91形成有4个突起92,该4个突起92从底面91向下方突出,将强化纤维体1f的上表面支承成与底面91分开的状态。各突起92的高度被设定成,该各突起92的顶端面92a的高度位置与凹部90周边的成形面9a、9b的高度位置一致。图8A中的虚线圆表示在构件CM设置的孔3的位置。如图8A所示,凹部90以在其内部包含虚线圆的区域(以下,也称为孔区域H)的方式配置形成。此外,凹部90的形状并不限于图示的形状,能够与成形的富树脂层2的形状相应地适当选择。
接着,如图7B所示,使成形模具9合模而向成形模具9内封入强化纤维体1f。若成形模具9合模,则划分形成由成形面9a和成形面9b封闭起来的成形空间(模腔)CV,成形面9a的凹部90和成形面9b的凹部90以在厚度方向T彼此相对的方式配置。除了凹部90以外的成形面9a与强化纤维体1f的上表面抵接,除了凹部90以外的成形面9b与强化纤维体1f的下表面抵接。在各凹部90中,突起92的顶端面92a与强化纤维体1f的上表面或下表面抵接。并且,在被突起92保持为与底面91分开的状态的强化纤维体1f与底面91之间形成间隙CV1。在该状态下,从设置到成形模具9的树脂注入口9c向模腔CV内注入熔融状态的树脂MR1。在此期间内,封入到模具内的强化纤维体1f被突起92保持为与作为成形面9a、9b的一部分的底面91分开的状态。所注入的树脂MR1在形成于强化纤维体1f与底面91之间的间隙CV1内扩展,同时向构成强化纤维体1f的强化纤维F间浸渗而遍布强化纤维体1f的整个区域。此外,注入时的液压、液温、注入速度等能够以所使用的树脂MR1的推荐成形条件为基准确定,能够根据构件CM的尺寸等适当调节。例如,在采用了环氧树脂的情况下,液压能够设定成7MPa~20MPa,液温能够设定成40℃~80℃。
之后,利用上模9A和下模9B以树脂MR1的固化温度(例如120℃~130℃)对强化纤维体1f进行加压、加热,从而使注入到模腔CV内的树脂MR1固化。在树脂固化后,注入到强化纤维体1f的树脂MR1与强化纤维体1f一体化而成为FRP层1的基体树脂MR,强化纤维体1f成为FRP层1的强化纤维F。注入到间隙CV1的树脂MR1在固化后成为富树脂层2。之后,如图7C所示,开模,将所成形的成形体M1(复合材料成形体)从成形模具9取出。
接着,如图9A所示,利用钻头D在成形体M1的被穿孔部3Y穿设孔3。在此,以贯通FRP层1及其两侧的表面上的富树脂层2的方式穿设孔3。
接着,如图9B所示,向套环4的凸缘42的背面42a中的相对于FRP层1的表面1a的粘接面涂敷粘接剂A。并且,将套环4的筒状部41插入孔3而使凸缘42的背面42a与在FRP层1的表面1a的孔周边部3X形成的富树脂层2的表面抵接。另外,向垫圈5的背面5a中的相对于FRP层1的表面1b的粘接面也涂敷粘接剂A。并且,使垫圈5的背面5a与在FRP层1的表面1b的孔周边部3X形成的富树脂层2的表面抵接。
由此,如图9C所示,在孔3的半径方向的富树脂层2的外侧的区域中,粘接剂A被向在凸缘42的背面42a与FRP层1的表面1a之间形成的间隙G1填充。另外,在孔3的半径方向的富树脂层2的外侧的区域中,粘接剂A被向在垫圈5的背面5a与FRP层1的表面1b之间形成的间隙G2填充。凸缘42的背面42a被粘接剂A粘接于FRP层1的表面1a,垫圈5的背面5a被粘接剂A粘接于FRP层1的表面1b。另外,各间隙G1、G2的厚度由富树脂层2的厚度规定。
如以上进行了说明那样,在制造方法P1中,将强化纤维体1f封入成形模具9内,向强化纤维体1f注入熔融状态的树脂MR1。由此,能够利用成形模具9的成形面9a、9b精度良好地赋形成目标的形状,因此,能够高效地制造具有复杂的表面形状的构件CM。
另外,在上模9A和下模9B的与被穿孔部3Y相对应的区域形成有突起92,在树脂MR1向模腔CV内的整个区域遍布的期间内,突起92将强化纤维体1f保持为与凹部90的底面91分开预定距离的状态。因此,能够在被穿孔部3Y的表层形成纤维含有率比FRP层1的纤维含有率低且与突起92的高度相应的量的富树脂层2。另外,在注入树脂MR1之际,能够利用突起92按压纤维,从而抑制被穿孔部3Y中的强化纤维体1f的纤维的浮起(蜿蜒曲折)。由此,能够使构件CM的紧固部FP的强度提高。
此外,图8A和图8B所示的突起92在凹部90的底面91形成有4个,但突起92的个数并没有特别限定,在每个被穿孔部3Y,既可以是3个以下,也可以是5个以上。各突起92的形状也并不限于圆柱状,也可以是多棱柱状、圆台状、棱台状、板状等。另外,图8A和图8B所示的突起92设置到孔区域H的内部,但也可以设置于孔区域H的外侧的区域。利用设置到孔区域H的外侧的区域的突起92,在富树脂层2形成的凹部能够用于例如填充粘接剂A。
<构件CM的其他制造方法P2>
接着,参照图10A~图10C而对构件CM的其他制造方法P2进行说明。此外,对于具有与在上述中已经进行了说明的构件相同的功能的构件,标注相同的附图标记,省略其说明。
首先,制作使树脂浸渗于成为构件CM的强化纤维F的强化纤维基材并成为半固化状态的预浸料1p(第1片状成形材料)和纤维含有率比预浸料1p的纤维含有率低的富树脂片2p(第2片状成形材料)。预浸料1p的材料从在树脂固化后成为FRP层1的材料选定,富树脂片2p的材料从在树脂固化后成为富树脂层2的材料选定。
接着,如图10A所示,在裁断成预定形状的预浸料1p的上侧和下侧的表面上叠置地配置已裁断成预定形状的富树脂片2p,形成层叠体SB,将该层叠体SB安放于成形模具10内。上模10A具有成形构件CM的上侧的表面的成形面10a,下模10B具有成形构件CM的下侧的表面的成形面10b。在两成形面10a、10b的与被穿孔部3Y相对应的区域形成有用于形成富树脂层2的凹部90。
接着,如图10B所示,使成形模具10合模,利用上模10A和下模10B以树脂的固化温度对层叠体SB进行加压、加热,使预浸料1p和富树脂片2p的树脂固化,将它们成形成一体。在树脂固化后,预浸料1p成为FRP层1,富树脂片2p成为富树脂层2。之后,如图10C所示,开模,将所成形的成形体M2从成形模具10取出。
之后,以贯通由固化后的预浸料1p构成的FRP层1和由固化后的富树脂片2p构成的富树脂层2的方式穿设孔3,将套环4和垫圈5安装固定于孔3。穿设孔3的工序以及和安装固定套环4等的工序与参照图9A~图9C而进行了说明的制造方法P1中的各工序同样,因此,在此省略说明。
如以上进行了说明那样,在制造方法P2中,利用成形模具10对富树脂片2p叠置在预浸料1p的表面而成的物品进行加压成形。在制造方法P2中,不向成形模具10内注入熔融状态的树脂,因此,在被穿孔部3Y中不产生强化纤维F的浮起(蜿蜒曲折)。由此,能够使构件CM的紧固部FP的强度提高。
<构件CM的其他制造方法P3>
接着,参照图11A和图11B而对构件CM的其他制造方法P3进行说明。此外,对于具有与在上述中已经进行了说明的构件相同的功能的构件,标注相同的附图标记,省略其说明。
首先,制作由纤维强化塑料形成的FRP构件1m和纤维含有率比FRP构件1m的纤维含有率低的富树脂片构件2m(片构件)。FRP构件1m能够从与构件CM的FRP层1的材料相同的材料制作,富树脂片构件2m能够从与构件CM的富树脂层2的材料相同的材料制作。
接着,如图11A所示,在具有预定形状的富树脂片构件2m的背面涂敷粘接剂A,将富树脂片构件2m粘接于具有预定形状的FRP构件1m的上侧和下侧的表面上。由此,如图11B所示,获得一体化后的粘接构造体M3。在粘接构造体M3中,FRP构件1m构成FRP层1,富树脂片构件2m构成富树脂层2。
之后,针对粘接构造体M3以贯通FRP构件1m和富树脂片构件2m的方式穿设孔3,将套环4和垫圈5安装固定于孔3。穿设孔3的工序和安装固定套环4等的工序与参照图9A~图9C进行了说明的制造方法P1中的各工序同样,因此,在此省略说明。
如以上进行了说明那样,在制造方法P3中,针对在FRP构件1m的表面上粘接富树脂片构件2m而成的粘接构造体M3穿设孔3,因此,无需由成形模具进行的成形,与使用成形模具的方法相比,工序数变少,生产率良好。
另外,在制造方法P3中,不向强化纤维基材注入熔融状态的树脂,因此,在被穿孔部3Y中不产生强化纤维F的蜿蜒曲折,能够与制造方法P2同样地使构件CM的紧固部FP的强度提高。
此外,除了上述制造方法P1~P3之外,作为构件CM的制造方法,也能够采用高压釜法、SMC法、手糊法、喷涂法等。
以上,对几个实施方式进行了说明,但这些实施方式只不过为了容易理解发明而记载的简单的例示。发明的技术范围并不限于在上述实施方式及其变形例中所公开的具体的技术事项,也包含由此可容易导出的各种变形、变更、代替技术等。
例如,在上述实施方式及其变形例中,FRP层1由纤维强化塑料形成,但为了提高构件CM的刚性,FRP层1也可以包括由其他材料(例如,树脂泡沫体等)形成的一个以上的芯材作为中间层。另外,例如装饰用的蒙皮材料等也可以设置于FRP层1的表面1a、1b上。
另外,在上述实施方式及其变形例中,在FRP层1的表面的由凸缘42、垫圈5覆盖着的区域形成有富树脂层2,但富树脂层2也可以在例如包括紧固部FP整体的区域等更宽的范围内形成。
而且,在上述实施方式及其变形例中,在FRP层1的两侧的表面1a、1b形成有富树脂层2,但富树脂层2也可以仅形成于FRP层1的单侧的表面1a或1b。另外,孔3的截面形状并不限于圆形,也可以是长圆形、矩形等。
复合材料构件CM能够用作例如罩、门板、保险杠、后备箱盖、后栏板、挡泥板、侧围板、车身顶盖等汽车等车辆的构成构件。另外,复合材料构件CM能够用作航空器、船舶、铁道车辆等输送机、家庭用电器产品、发电设备、生产机械、住宅器材、家具、休闲用品等的构成构件。
附图标记说明
CM、复合材料构件;1、FRP层;1a、1b、FRP层的表面;F、强化纤维;MR、基体树脂;2、富树脂层;21、第1富树脂层;22、第2富树脂层;22a、环状凸部;22b、岛状凸部;22c、线状凸部;3、孔;4、套环;42、凸缘;42a、背面;G1、间隙;A、粘接剂;1f、强化纤维体(强化纤维基材);MR1、树脂;M1、成形体(复合材料成形体);3Y、被穿孔部;9、成形模具(模具);9a、9b、成形面;91、底面(成形面);92、突起;CV1、间隙;9c、树脂注入口(注入口);1p、预浸料(第1片状成形材料);2p、富树脂片(第2片状成形材料);1m、FRP构件;2m、富树脂片构件(片构件)。

Claims (12)

1.一种复合材料构件,其具备:
FRP层,其由纤维强化塑料形成;
富树脂层,其由与所述纤维强化塑料的基体树脂相同的树脂成形,并形成于所述FRP层的表面的至少一部分的区域上,纤维含有率大于0且为所述FRP层的纤维含有率的5%以下;以及
孔,其以贯通所述FRP层和所述富树脂层的方式穿设。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料构件,其中,
所述富树脂层形成于所述FRP层的两侧的表面,
所述孔贯通所述FRP层和在所述FRP层的两侧的表面形成的所述富树脂层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合材料构件,其中,
所述FRP层的强化纤维由连续纤维形成。
4.一种复合材料构件,其具备:
FRP层,其由纤维强化塑料形成;
富树脂层,其形成于所述FRP层的表面的至少一部分的区域上,纤维含有率比所述FRP层的纤维含有率低;以及
孔,其以贯通所述FRP层和所述富树脂层的方式穿设,
在所述孔贯穿有具有凸缘的套环,
所述凸缘被在所述凸缘的背面与所述FRP层的表面之间的间隙设置的粘接剂粘接于所述FRP层,
所述富树脂层介于所述FRP层的表面与所述凸缘的背面之间而规定所述间隙的大小。
5.根据权利要求4所述的复合材料构件,其中,
所述富树脂层具备第1富树脂层和第2富树脂层,该第1富树脂层和该第2富树脂层形成于所述FRP层的表面的被所述凸缘覆盖的区域上,
所述第1富树脂层在中央部穿设有所述孔,
所述第2富树脂层设置于所述第1富树脂层的外侧。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合材料构件,其中,
所述第2富树脂层包含连续地包围所述第1富树脂层的周围的环状凸部。
7.根据权利要求6所述的复合材料构件,其中,
所述第2富树脂层包含包围所述第1富树脂层的周围的多个岛状凸部。
8.根据权利要求7所述的复合材料构件,其中,
所述第2富树脂层包含从所述第1富树脂层向外侧连续或不连续地延伸的线状凸部。
9.一种复合材料构件的制造方法,其具备如下工序:
将成为复合材料构件的强化纤维的强化纤维基材封入模具内的工序;
向所述模具内的所述强化纤维基材注入树脂的工序;
使所述模具内的所述树脂固化并获得成形体的工序;以及
在所述成形体穿设孔的工序,
在将所述强化纤维基材封入模具内的工序中,利用在所述模具的成形面的与所述孔相对应的区域形成的突起,将所述强化纤维基材保持为与所述成形面分开的状态,
在注入所述树脂的工序中,使所述树脂遍及在被保持为与所述成形面分开的状态的所述强化纤维基材与所述成形面之间形成的间隙,
在穿设所述孔的工序中,以贯通由遍及到所述间隙的树脂固化而成的材料形成的层的方式穿设所述孔。
10.一种复合材料构件的制造方法,其具备如下工序:
在将第2片状成形材料叠置在第1片状成形材料的表面上的状态下进行加压成形的工序,该第1片状成形材料是使树脂浸渗于强化纤维基材而成的,该第2片状成形材料由与所述树脂相同的树脂成形,纤维含有率大于0且为所述第1片状成形材料的纤维含有率的5%以下;以及
以贯通由固化后的所述第1片状成形材料形成的层和由固化后的所述第2片状成形材料形成的层的方式穿设孔的工序。
11.一种复合材料构件的制造方法,其具备如下工序:
在由纤维强化塑料形成的FRP构件的表面上粘接片构件的工序,该片构件由与所述纤维强化塑料的基体树脂相同的树脂成形,纤维含有率大于0且为所述FRP构件的纤维含有率的5%以下;以及
以贯通所述FRP构件和所述片构件的方式穿设孔的工序。
12.一种模具,其是用于成形具有被穿孔部的复合材料成形体的模具,其具备:
注入口,其用于向成为所述复合材料成形体的强化纤维的强化纤维基材注入树脂;
成形面,其成形所述复合材料成形体的表面;以及
突起,其形成于所述成形面的与所述被穿孔部相对应的区域,将所述强化纤维基材保持为与所述成形面分开的状态。
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