CN110402492B - 柔性导电粘合 - Google Patents

柔性导电粘合 Download PDF

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CN110402492B
CN110402492B CN201880015714.6A CN201880015714A CN110402492B CN 110402492 B CN110402492 B CN 110402492B CN 201880015714 A CN201880015714 A CN 201880015714A CN 110402492 B CN110402492 B CN 110402492B
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electronic component
substrate
interconnect
flexible
top surface
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CN110402492A (zh
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J·D·霍尔贝利
S·马
F·P·里贝罗
M·D·迪基
C·A·拉德
A·L·法斯勒
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Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC
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Abstract

公开了涉及电子设备中的柔性电互连的示例。一个示例提供了一种设备,其包括柔性基板、被设置在柔性基板上的导电迹线、被安装到柔性基板的电子组件、桥接在组件上的焊盘和柔性基板上的迹线之间的液态金属互连,以及覆盖互连的密封剂。

Description

柔性导电粘合
背景
在覆晶软膜(chip-on-flex)组装件中,刚性电子组件可以被耦合到柔性组件,诸如柔性印刷电路板。
概述
公开了涉及电子设备中的柔性电互连的示例。一个示例提供了一种设备,其包括柔性基板、被设置在柔性基板上的导电迹线、被安装到柔性基板的电子组件、桥接在组件上的焊盘和柔性基板上的迹线之间的液态金属互连,以及覆盖互连的密封剂。
另一示例提供了一种设备,其包括柔性基板、被设置在基板上的导电迹线、在基板的柔性区域中被安装到基板的电子组件,该电子组件包括与导电迹线间隔开的焊盘,以及桥接在焊盘和导电迹线之间的互连,用于接触该互连的同一侧上的焊盘和迹线,该互连包括从导电迹线的表面延伸的导电路径。
提供本概述以便以简化的形式介绍以下在详细描述中进一步描述的概念的选集。本概述并不旨在标识所要求保护的主题的关键特征或必要特征,亦非旨在用于限制所要求保护的主题的范围。此外,所要求保护的主题不限于解决在本公开的任一部分中提及的任何或所有缺点的实现。
附图简述
图1示意性地示出了包括柔性互连的第一示例电子组装件的正视图和侧视图。
图2示意性地示出了包括柔性互连的第二示例电子组装件的正视图和侧视图。
图3示意性地示出了包括柔性互连的第三示例电子组装件的正视图和侧视图。
图4示意性地解说了用于组装包括柔性互连的电子设备的示例过程。
图5示出了解说制造包括柔性互连的设备的示例方法的流程图。
详细描述
电互连可被结合到各种设备中以提供设备各组件之间的电气通路。一些电子设备可以包含柔性印刷电路,以允许电信号跨设备的在使用期间移动的各部分运送。在一些这样的设备中,刚性电子组件(诸如封装的计算机芯片)可以被耦合到柔性组件(诸如聚酰亚胺支撑的互连)。
然而,被用来将刚性电子组件电气且机械地安装到柔性组件的方法可以采用刚性材料,诸如锡基焊料合金。这可能影响所得到的覆晶软膜结构的柔韧性和耐久性。例如,源自封装硅管芯的集成电路可以被焊接到柔性印刷电路。被用来将封装的集成电路粘合到柔性印刷电路的焊料可能使用在足够高的温度下熔化和回流,但是在组装之后在变形应力下破裂、分层或以其他方式失效的金属合金。
为了避免对封装的电子组件的柔韧性潜在地产生大的影响,裸露的未经封装的电路管芯可以用焊料或粘合剂附连到柔性基板,用引线键合电连接,并用树脂(例如环氧树脂或硅树脂)封装。所得到的组装件可以比封装的电路管芯小,并因而对柔韧性的影响较小。然而,这种结构也可能不能容忍重复的移动,此类重复的移动可导致密封剂分层并使焊料键合和/或引线键合断裂。附加地,以这种方式安装的裸管芯在以小曲率半径弯曲时可能经受到故障。此外,在这些示例过程中的任一个中,最终组装件可能不是柔性的,或者可能相比基板柔韧性显著地低。由此,以上面描述的方式之一粘合的设备的屈曲可导致机械粘合和/或电触点断裂并且不可逆地失效。
相应地,公开了涉及使用柔性互连,诸如用密封剂或导电聚合物覆盖的液态金属,将刚性电子组件电耦合到柔性基板和/或柔性电路的示例。图1示出了包含柔性互连的设备100的第一示例。视图(A)示出了设备100的侧视图,而视图(B)示出了设备100的俯视图。首先参考视图(A),设备100包括柔性基板102,柔性基板102包括容适电子组件104(诸如电子芯片)的开口。在一些示例中,基板中的开口可以与要在组装期间插入的电子组件的尺寸相匹配(例如,使得在电子组件的侧表面和基板中的开口的侧面之间基本上没有间隙)。在其他示例中,基板中的开口的大小可以被设定为大于或小于该组件。基板中的开口可以以任何合适的方式形成。作为示例,可以在制造基板期间(例如通过模切或激光切割)或者在稍后的处理阶段(诸如在柔性基板上形成导电迹线之后)切割开口。
在一些示例中,基板中的开口可以从与组件的周界相匹配的形状进行修改,以分布应力并阻止密封剂的分层。作为一个示例,开口可以具有大致矩形的形状以匹配组件周界形状,但是可以包括在每个角部处的半圆形切口,如图1的视图(B)中的105处所示。开口的这种圆形角部可以在开口的侧面和电子组件的侧面之间创建额外的气隙,以帮助分布应力并阻止分层。
电子组件104包括多个导电焊盘106,其提供用于将导电元件连接到该组件的位置。在图1的示例中,焊盘106面向上且背对基板,并且导电迹线108被设置在基板的顶表面上。导电迹线可以由任何(多种)合适的导电材料形成,诸如银、铜、和/或电镀材料。
如图1所示,柔性互连材料110将每个导电迹线108连接到其相应的接触焊盘106,使得每个柔性互连在相应的接触焊盘106和导电迹线108的顶部上延伸。以这种方式,每个柔性互连110桥接在导电迹线108和接触焊盘106之间,无论这些组件是由间隙分开还是处于接触。这可以允许接触焊盘106和迹线108之间的接合屈曲而不破坏这些组件之间的电连接。此外,在液态金属导体被用来形成柔性互连110的情况下,液态金属导体还可以通过用液态金属覆盖导电迹线108的区域来帮助提供自修复特性,因为液态金属可以桥接由重复的应力引起的导电迹线108中的裂缝所造成的任何间隙。在图1的配置中,电子组件的焊盘和导电迹线两者都与互连110的同一侧接触,如图1中的底表面所示。应当理解,诸如“底部”或“顶部”等取向术语在本文中可用于指代组件相对于彼此的取向,以使得设备的“顶部”和“底部”表面的标识不取决于设备的取向。尽管未在图1中描绘,但是密封剂(例如,硅树脂层或其他弹性体)被沉积在液态金属互连上以将液态金属固定在期望的空间内。图4中描绘了示例密封剂结构,如下面所描述。
图2示出了包括柔性互连的另一示例设备200,该柔性互连将刚性组件电连接到柔性基板。视图(A)示出了设备200的侧视图,而视图(B)示出了俯视图。装置200包括柔性基板202。与图1的基板相比,柔性基板202不具有容适电子组件204的开口。相反,导电迹线208位于基板的顶表面上,并且电子组件204处于翻转取向并且被安装在导电迹线208上。
在固体导体(诸如焊料)被用来将组件204连接到导电迹线208的情况下,固体导体可能随着时间推移而疲劳和破裂,从而损害组件204和导电迹线208之间的电连接。因而,图2解说了位于导电迹线208的至少一部分与焊盘206之间的柔性互连210。在这样的配置中使用柔性导体可以在基板202在使用期间屈曲时有助于维持焊盘206与导电迹线208的电连接。如上面所描述,柔性导体可以采用更粘稠的材料的形式(诸如导电环氧树脂),或较不粘稠的材料(诸如包含镓合金的液态金属)。在其中导电迹线在组件204下方延伸以接触焊盘206的示例中,柔性互连210可以被提供在导电迹线的交叉区域上方,以便加强电子组件的边缘区域中的电气和机械连接。在其他示例中,柔性互连210可以桥接导电迹线和焊盘之间的间隙(例如,气隙或其他非导电间隙)。在这些和其他实现中,合适的密封剂(图2中未示出)可被用来将液态金属互连保持在适当位置。与图1的示例相比,电子组件的焊盘和导电迹线接触柔性互连的相对侧。
图3示出了设备300的另一示例,其包括柔性互连以将柔性基板上的电迹线与刚性电子组件上的接触焊盘相连接。视图(A)示出了设备300的侧视图,而视图(B)示出了设备300的俯视图。设备300包括柔性基板302,刚性电子组件304被安装在该柔性基板302上。
电子组件304的顶表面包括多个导电焊盘306,以用于形成与组件的电连接。在图3的示例中,焊盘306面向上背对基板,并且柔性互连310连接导电迹线308和相应的焊盘306以桥接导电迹线和焊盘之间的间隙,使得电子组件的焊盘306和导电迹线308两者都接触互连310的底表面。
任何合适的柔性导体可用作柔性互连,包括但不限于导电聚合物(例如导电环氧树脂)、包括导电填料的聚合物和液态金属。在液态金属(诸如镓-铟或镓-铟-锡合金)被使用(例如通过由针施加)的情况下,在互连形成期间在互连的外表面上形成的薄氧化皮可以帮助在形状上保持互连直到密封剂被施加。在一些示例中,可以在互连310之前施加电绝缘支撑层以支撑互连材料的下侧。
图4示出了电子设备在组装期间的截面图的示例序列400。例如,经由序列400解说的过程可被用来组装图1的设备100。时间T1示出了柔性基板404,其包括开口406和导电迹线408。在时间T2,粘附支撑件(诸如胶带)410被附连到迹线408以及基板404的其上设置了迹线的表面。粘附支撑件被定向成使得粘合剂侧被暴露在开口406内。
在时间T3,电子组件412被插入到开口406中以接触粘附支撑件。电子组件被插入并且导电焊盘面朝下以接触粘附支撑件。在时间T4,密封剂414(诸如硅树脂弹性体或其他合适的聚合物)在基板的与导电迹线相对的一侧上被设置在电子组件412上。密封剂414可以填充电子组件的侧面和基板中的开口的侧面之间的任何间隙,并且将组件保持在适当位置。
在时间T5,组装件被翻转并且粘附支撑件410被从基板、迹线和电子组件移除。在时间T6,液态金属层416被施加在导电迹线和电子组件上,以桥接导电迹线和电子组件的导电焊盘之间的间隙。例如,可以经由针孔、印刷或其他合适的方法将镓合金沉积到导电迹线和电子组件的导电焊盘上。如上面所提到的,这样的合金的外表面当暴露于空气时形成薄的氧化层,其帮助阻止液态金属扩散,并因而帮助保持液态金属最初被沉积的形状。作为另一示例,导电环氧树脂可以被施加。在时间T7,弹性体密封剂418(例如,其可以是与密封剂414相同的材料组成)被设置在互连、导电迹线和电子组件上,以封装液态金属电路。
图5示出了描绘制造具有电连接电子组件和柔性基板的柔性互连的设备的示例方法500的流程图。例如,通过方法500的各种示例路径可被用来制造图1-3的设备100、200和300。
在502处,方法500包括将电子组件安装到基板的柔性区域。如506处所指示,在一些示例中,将电子组件安装到柔性基板可以包括将组件插入到被形成在基板中的槽或其他开口中,其中电子组件的导电焊盘面向上(例如,如图1所示,在面向与柔性基板的其上形成导电迹线的表面大致相同的方向的表面上)。在其他示例中,如508处所指示,安装电子组件可以包括将组件安装在基板的顶表面上并且焊盘背对基板(例如,如图3所示)。在又一些示例中,如510处所指示,安装电子组件可以包括将组件安装在基板的顶表面上并且焊盘面向下朝向基板(例如,如图2所示)。在这样的示例中,电子组件所连接到的导电迹线可以夹在电子组件(例如,电子组件的焊盘)和基板之间。
在512处,该方法包括在电子组件和导电迹线之间设置柔性互连。在一些示例中,互连可以包括液态金属,如上面参考图4更详细地描述的。如514处所指示,互连可以在互连的同一侧上接触电子组件的焊盘和导电迹线和/或基板,分别如图1和3的设备100和300所示。如516处所指示,互连可以替代地在互连的相对侧上接触焊盘和导电迹线,如图2的设备200所示。在518处,该方法包括用柔性材料封装互连,诸如硅树脂聚合物或其他合适的弹性体。
另一示例提供了一种设备,其包括柔性基板、被设置在基板上的导电迹线、在基板的柔性区域中被安装到基板的电子组件、桥接在组件上的焊盘和基板上的迹线之间的液态金属互连,以及覆盖互连的密封剂。在这样的示例中,电子组件可以附加地或替代地被定位在切入到基板中的槽内,电子组件的顶表面可以附加地或替代地与基板的顶表面齐平,并且焊盘可以附加地或替代地被定位在电子组件的顶表面上。在这样的示例中,槽的大小可以附加地或替代地被设定为与电子组件的尺寸相匹配。在这样的示例中,槽可以附加地或替代地具有在一个或多个角部处带有圆形裁剪的矩形形状。在这样的示例中,电子组件和基板可以附加地或替代地各自接触液态金属互连的同一侧。在这样的示例中,电子组件和基板可以附加地或替代地接触液态金属互连的相对侧,并且液态金属互连可以附加地或替代地夹在电子组件和基板之间。在这样的示例中,液态金属互连可以附加地或替代地包括镓合金。以上所描述的示例中的任何一个或全部可按任何合适的方式被组合在各种实现中。
另一示例提供了一种制造设备的方法,该方法包括在柔性基板上设置导电迹线,在基板的柔性区域中将电子组件安装到基板,施加在电子组件和迹线之间延伸的液态金属互连,以在电子组件上的焊盘和基板上的迹线之间桥接,以及用密封剂封装互连。在这样的示例中,安装电子组件可以附加地或替代地包括将电子组件插入到切入基板的槽中。在这样的示例中,槽的尺寸可以附加地或替代地匹配电子组件的尺寸。在这样的示例中,槽可以附加地或替代地大于电子组件,并且槽的角部可以附加地或替代地从电子组件突出离开。在这样的示例中,在将电子组件插入到槽中之际,电子组件的顶表面可以附加地或替代地与基板的顶表面齐平。在这样的示例中,安装电子组件可以附加地或替代地包括将电子组件安装在液态金属互连的顶部。在这样的示例中,安装电子组件可以附加地或替代地包括经由设置在液态金属互连和电子组件的焊盘之间的弹性导体将电子组件耦合到液态金属互连,电子组件接触液态金属互连的第一表面并且基板接触液态金属互连的第二、相对的表面。在这样的示例中,施加液态金属互连可以附加地或替代地包括在电子组件上的焊盘的至少一部分上和导电迹线的至少一部分上施加镓合金。以上所描述的示例中的任何一个或全部可按任何合适的方式被组合在各种实现中。
另一示例提供了一种设备,其包括柔性基板、被设置在基板上的导电迹线、在基板的柔性区域中被安装到基板的电子组件,该电子组件包括与导电迹线间隔开的焊盘,以及桥接在焊盘和导电迹线之间的互连,用于接触该互连的同一侧上的焊盘和迹线,该互连包括从导电迹线的表面延伸的导电路径。在这样的示例中,互连可以附加地或替代地包括液态金属材料。在这样的示例中,互连可以附加地或替代地包括镓合金。在这样的示例中,电子组件可以附加地或替代地被定位在切入到基板中的槽内,电子组件的顶表面可以附加地或替代地与基板的顶表面齐平,并且焊盘可以附加地或替代地被定位在电子组件的顶表面上。在这样的示例中,电子组件可以附加地或替代地被安装到基板的顶表面,并且导电迹线可以附加地或替代地被设置在基板的顶表面上。以上所描述的示例中的任何一个或全部可按任何合适的方式被组合在各种实现中。
本文中所公开的示例与使用刚性材料将电子组件连接到柔性基板的配置相比可以提供增加了的柔韧性和对抗信号路径断裂的保护。应当理解,本文中所描述的配置和/或办法本质上是示例性的,并且这些具体实施例或示例不应被视为具有限制意义,因为许多变体是可能的。本文中所描述的具体例程或方法可表示任何数目的处理策略中的一个或多个。由此,所解说和/或所描述的各种动作可以以所解说和/或所描述的顺序执行、以其他顺序执行、并行地执行,或者被省略。同样,以上所描述的过程的次序可被改变。
本公开的主题包括各种过程、系统和配置以及此处公开的其他特征、功能、动作和/或属性、以及它们的任一和全部等价物的所有新颖且非显而易见的组合和子组合。

Claims (16)

1.一种设备,包括:
柔性基板;
被设置在所述基板上的导电迹线;
在所述基板的柔性区域中被安装到所述基板的电子组件,其中所述电子组件被定位在切入到所述基板中的槽内;
桥接在所述组件上的焊盘和所述基板上的迹线之间的液态金属互连;以及
覆盖所述互连的密封剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,其中所述电子组件的顶表面与所述基板的顶表面齐平,并且其中所述焊盘被定位在所述电子组件的顶表面上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,所述槽的大小被设定为与所述电子组件的尺寸相匹配。
4.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,所述槽具有在一个或多个角部处带有圆形裁剪的矩形形状。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述电子组件和所述基板各自接触所述液态金属互连的同一侧。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述液态金属互连包括镓合金。
7.一种制造设备的方法,所述方法包括:
在柔性基板上设置导电迹线;
在所述基板的柔性区域中将电子组件安装到所述基板,其中安装所述电子组件包括将所述电子组件插入到切入所述基板的槽中;
施加在所述电子组件和所述迹线之间延伸的液态金属互连,以在所述电子组件上的焊盘和所述基板上的所述迹线之间桥接;以及
用密封剂封装所述互连。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述槽的尺寸匹配所述电子组件的尺寸。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,其中所述槽大于所述电子组件,并且其中所述槽的角部从所述电子组件突出离开。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,在将所述电子组件插入到所述槽中之际,所述电子组件的顶表面与所述基板的顶表面齐平。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,施加所述液态金属互连包括在所述电子组件上的所述焊盘的至少一部分上和所述导电迹线的至少一部分上施加镓合金。
12.一种设备,包括:
柔性基板;
被设置在所述基板上的导电迹线;
在所述基板的柔性区域中被安装到所述基板的电子组件,所述电子组件包括与所述导电迹线间隔开的焊盘;以及
桥接在所述焊盘和所述导电迹线之间的互连,用于接触所述互连的同一侧上的所述焊盘和所述迹线,所述互连包括从所述导电迹线的表面延伸的导电路径。
13.根据权利要求12所述的设备,其特征在于,所述互连包括液态金属材料。
14.根据权利要求12所述的设备,其特征在于,所述互连包括镓合金。
15.根据权利要求12所述的设备,其特征在于,其中所述电子组件被定位在切入到所述基板中的槽内,其中所述电子组件的顶表面与所述基板的顶表面齐平,并且其中所述焊盘被定位在所述电子组件的顶表面上。
16.根据权利要求12所述的设备,其特征在于,其中所述电子组件被安装到所述基板的顶表面,并且其中所述导电迹线被设置在所述基板的顶表面上。
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