CN110382604A - 制备发泡粒料的方法以及所述发泡粒料的用途 - Google Patents

制备发泡粒料的方法以及所述发泡粒料的用途 Download PDF

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CN110382604A
CN110382604A CN201880017315.3A CN201880017315A CN110382604A CN 110382604 A CN110382604 A CN 110382604A CN 201880017315 A CN201880017315 A CN 201880017315A CN 110382604 A CN110382604 A CN 110382604A
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polyester
foaming
container
foaming agent
fondant
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R.西格尔
A.韦伯
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Alwenlena & Co KG Alpra Works GmbH
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Alwenlena & Co KG Alpra Works GmbH
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
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Abstract

本发明涉及，其中制备含有一种或多种聚酯的聚酯熔体，将所述聚酯熔体通过发泡剂发泡，并且由所述发泡聚酯熔体制备发泡粒料。所述聚酯熔体的特性粘度（IV）在此通过发泡剂减少至少0.05dl/g，根据ASTM D4603测量，并且随后通过固相缩聚（SSP）增加发泡粒料的IV。

Description

制备发泡粒料的方法以及所述发泡粒料的用途
技术领域
本发明涉及发泡粒料的生产以及该发泡粒料用于制备中间体如预制件和最终产品如容器的用途。
背景技术
在制备瓶时，基本上使用聚酯。一方面是因为该材料的机械和物理性能（强度和阻隔性）通过拉伸可以显著改进，另一方面是因为它可以通过低技术消耗而回收。
然而，对于回收而言的难点是存在于使用过的聚酯瓶中的各种着色剂。一旦瓶用颜料（不溶性）或染料（可溶性）着色，进一步的加工通常非常严重受限，因为该着色剂在常见的回收工艺中不可除去。氧化变色通常也是不可逆转的。
另一个问题范围是加工或使用中发生的聚酯降解，这导致特性粘度（IV）降低，这归因于由链终止和化学反应所致的减小的分子链长。例如存在导致释放水的发泡剂，其中水在聚酯熔体中造成链断裂和分子降解。因此专业文献指点，仅使用形成尽可能少的水的化学发泡剂来使缩聚物发泡。取而代之，使用物理发泡剂（例如氮气或CO2）。中空颗粒（例如玻璃球）或所谓的“空隙”的引入（其中由于引入的干扰性粒料而在聚合物基质中产生弱点）在该材料拉伸时产生空腔。
发明目的
本发明的目的是提供制备发泡粒料的方法，其适合于制造预制件和容器。
发明描述
通过根据权利要求1的方法实现上述目的。
尤其公开了一种方法，其中制备含有一种或多种聚酯的聚酯熔体，将聚酯熔体通过发泡剂发泡，并由发泡聚酯熔体制备发泡粒料，其中聚酯熔体的特性粘度（IV）通过发泡剂和/或通过发泡而减少至少0.05dl/g，且发泡粒料的IV通过固相缩聚（“固态缩聚”或“SSP”）增加。
此外，公开了一种用于注塑机和/或吹塑机的发泡聚酯粒料，其由通过发泡剂发泡的聚酯熔体制成，其中所述发泡粒料的IV通过固相缩聚（SSP）增加至少0.05dl/g，根据ASTMD4603测量。
另外，公开了如本文件中所述由发泡聚酯粒料制成的预制件和容器。在此，对于射到预制件和/或容器上的波长为400至720nm的辐射而言，界定所述预制件和/或容器的壁对于所述入射辐射的最多30％或40％或50％是可透过的。在此，该容器可以由所述预制件通过吹塑或拉伸吹塑制成。
本发明的实施变体可以使得影响由发泡粒料制成的容器的颜色和/或辐射透过性。
下面描述特征，其中它们（各自）被认为是优选特征，即使它们没有被明确指明是这样的。这些特征可以单独地（作为任意粒料、预制件、容器或任意方法的一部分）和 - 如果它们本身未被排除 - 以任意组合的形式公开。这包括同时实现所有所述特征的可能性。
在该方法中，制备含有一种或多种聚酯的聚酯熔体。
所述聚酯熔体由至少85重量％的一种聚酯或多种聚酯组成，所述一种聚酯或多种聚酯选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯（PEN）、聚呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯（PEF）、聚乳酸（PLA）、二醇改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET-G）、聚呋喃二甲酸丙二醇酯（PPF）和所述塑料的共聚物。
可以设置，该聚酯熔体中和/或发泡聚酯熔体中的聚酯总含量为至少80、90或95重量％。
该聚酯熔体中的聚酯总含量和/或该聚酯熔体中的一种或多种聚酯的总含量根据一个优选的变体可以为至少50、60、70、80或90重量％，其中优选所述一种和/或多种聚酯的基本上100重量%由回收聚酯组成。特别优选地，将发泡剂加入到聚酯熔体中、和/或所述发泡在回收厂的挤出机中进行、和/或发泡粒料在回收厂中制成。
应注意，术语“聚酯熔体”优选应理解为具有添加剂但不含发泡剂的聚酯熔体。该发泡剂优选作为母粒以1重量％至5重量％加入。
聚酯熔体中的所述一种或多种聚酯可以是由至少80重量％的上述聚酯制成的共聚酯或共混物。
所述聚酯熔体可以（或可以不）已着色和/或是着色的。所述着色可以通过加入着色剂（颜料、染料及其混合物，以及上述物质与固体或液体载体物质的混合物，通常被称为“色料浓缩物”或“母料”）来实现。
将所述聚酯熔体通过发泡剂发泡，由此形成发泡聚酯熔体。该聚酯熔体的发泡可以在挤出机中进行，特别是在回收厂的挤出机中进行。
该聚酯熔体的发泡理想地通过挤出机中的化学反应和/或机械剪切作用进行，其中将一种可结晶聚酯和/或多种可结晶的聚酯加热至高于软化点或熔点约5℃至70℃。
所述挤出机可通过压缩和减压区而使聚酯熔体中的气体形成变容易。在减压区中，更多的聚酯熔体被输送而非供入，并由此产生负压。在压缩区被压缩的聚酯熔体可以在这些减压区中松弛。在减压区中，聚酯熔体上的压力下降并且低于发泡气体在聚酯熔体中的饱和溶解度。过量的发泡气体从聚酯熔体中排出以形成气泡如此之久，直到在存在于减压区中的压力下建立平衡。
优选的是，发泡剂是在聚酯熔体中和/或在发挥其作为发泡剂的作用时（即在发泡时）产生气泡和/或与所述一种或多种聚酯发生化学反应和/或裂解出水或质量优选小于200道尔顿的其它分子（特别是以气体形式）的发泡剂。
其中产生大于50ppm水的发泡剂对于用于聚酯熔体而言更可能是不合适的，因为聚酯熔体中的水导致链断裂和聚合物分子降解。但是，这种降解在发泡时在本情况下被接受。通过聚酯熔体的降解，IV降低。然而，这优选不在聚酯制备设备的挤出机或螺杆中进行，而是在例如回收厂中的单独的挤出机中。降解后，发泡材料在SSP反应器中形成，即IV增加（例如在真空下的SSP反应器中，其含或不含惰性气体如氮气）。
根据一个变体，发泡剂是化学发泡剂。该发泡剂可以释放使所述一种或多种聚酯降解的反应性分子结构，特别是分子量小于200道尔顿的分子、基团和/或气体。例如，该分子可以与所述一种或多种聚酯的游离羟基或游离羧基反应。
优选地，所述发泡剂不是惰性发泡剂和/或物理发泡剂。
所述发泡剂可含有用于形成泡孔的成核剂，特别是无机物质，例如滑石和/或白垩和/或二氧化钛和/或碳酸钙和/或（其它）矿物质。优选地，成核剂以小于10000ppm的比例添加到聚酯熔体中。
所述发泡剂可含有碳酸氢钠和/或碳酸氢钾和/或焦磷酸二氢二钠和/或正磷酸二氢钙和/或柠檬酸和/或柠檬酸衍生物。
作为粉末，该发泡剂可以由100％的各组分组成。作为母料，由于载体的存在，该发泡剂的比例降低，因为载体和发泡剂通常作为混合物存在。
基于聚酯熔体的重量计，小于50重量％，优选小于25重量％，特别优选小于10重量％的发泡剂可以混合到聚酯熔体中。
设置的是，该聚酯熔体的特性粘度（IV）通过发泡剂和/或通过发泡而减少至少0.05、0.07、0.1或0.2dl/g，但是最多0.5dl/g，根据ASTM D4603测量，和/或该聚酯熔体的体积增加至少2或5或10％和/或最多50、30或20％。替代地或另外地，聚酯熔体的IV和/或体积与发泡聚酯熔体的IV和/或体积相差所示值。
该聚酯熔体的IV在发泡之前可以为至少0.5、0.6或0.7和/或最多1、0.9或0.8dl/g，根据ASTM D4603测量。替代地或另外地，发泡聚酯熔体（即在发泡后）的IV可以为至少0.5dl/g和/或最多1.6dl/g，根据ASTM D4603测量。
所述发泡聚酯熔体和/或发泡粒料可以具有通过发泡剂和/或通过发泡而产生的平均尺寸（作为气泡的两个彼此离开最远的点的距离测量）为至少0.050微米和/或最多500微米的气泡。
可以由发泡聚酯熔体制备发泡粒料。发泡粒料的体积可以比未发泡的粒料高至少2或5或10％和/或最多50、30或20％，其中制备未发泡粒料和发泡粒料的基础是相同的聚酯熔体。
所述发泡粒料的IV和/或材料密度通过固相缩聚（“固态缩聚”，即SSP）增加，更确切地说优选增加至少0.05、0.06或0.07和/或最多0.5dl/g，根据ASTM D4603测量。替代地或另外地，该发泡粒料的IV和/或材料密度在进行SSP之后比在进行SSP之前高所示值。
所述发泡粒料在进行SSP之前的IV和/或材料密度可以为至少0.5dl/g和/或最多1.6dl/g，根据ASTM D4603测量。替代地或另外地，该发泡粒料在进行SSP后的IV和/或材料密度可以为至少0.8或0.9和/或最多1.4或1.2g/cm3。
根据一个实施变体，聚酯熔体中的所述一种或多种聚酯可以基本上由PET组成，其中所述发泡粒料在SSP后的材料密度适宜地为低于1.33g/cm3。
公开了所述发泡聚酯粒料可用于注塑机和/或吹塑机。
公开了由如在本文件中所述的发泡聚酯熔体和/或发泡聚酯粒料制成的管、预制件和容器。优选的容器是瓶。薄膜也可以由发泡聚酯粒料制成。可以由该薄膜通过深拉而形成容器。
例如，预制件和/或容器可以通过注塑和/或吹塑制成。特别地，预制件可以通过红外辐射加热，并通过在超压下将流体引入相应的机器中通过吹塑而形成容器。吹塑的方法是挤出吹塑、拉伸吹塑或注射吹塑。优选的是，为了这个目的而将发泡粒料或发泡聚酯熔体供入注塑机和/或相应的吹塑机。根据一个方面设置，在注塑机中不进一步发泡和/或不进一步添加发泡剂。相应地，当发泡粒料和/或发泡聚酯熔体供入注塑机和/或相应的吹塑机时，气泡已经存在于该发泡粒料和/或发泡聚酯熔体中。
也可以由发泡粒料或发泡聚酯熔体制成的管或由发泡粒料或发泡聚酯熔体制成的薄膜制造拉伸的最终产品（例如深拉的碗、拉伸的容器、挤出吹塑的容器或拉伸的薄膜），其中也可以制造窗户型材、预制件、管材或深拉板。
供入注塑机和/或吹塑机的聚合物材料（特别是以松散材料形式）可由至少1、5、10、50、80或90重量％和/或最多95、80或60重量％的发泡粒料组成。替代地或另外地，可以由发泡粒料特别地通过注塑和/或吹塑制造预制件或容器，其中预制件或容器中的发泡粒料的比例可对应于上面示出的重量％。替代地或另外地，所述聚合物材料和/或预制件和/或容器可以例如包含至少0和/或最多100重量％比例的非回收（和/或首次由单体形成）的聚酯材料（例如原始态PET）。
如果该聚合物物料的超过60或80重量％的相对高比例由发泡粒料形成，则可影响例如容器的重量。
如果该聚合物物料的例如1至10重量％的相对低比例由发泡粒料形成，则可例如实现待制造的预制件和/或容器的着色（特别是白色的着色）。由此可以减少必须添加到聚合物物料中用于白色着色的着色剂量，或者可以完全省去添加着色剂。根据一个变体，由PET回收材料产生白色瓶，优选地不对此使用氧化钛作为颜料。
如果聚酯瓶用颜料（不溶性）或染料（可溶性）着色，则进一步加工的可能性通常严重受限，因为通过常见的简单回收工艺不能除去着色剂。通过经由物体中的空腔，更确切地说上述气泡实现颜色效果，大大简化了回收。气泡的界面将入射辐射（例如太阳辐射或人造光）散射，从而在观察者的眼中由通过物体反射的波长而产生相应的颜色效果。该散射又取决于气泡的尺寸。如果气泡非常小，特别是入射辐射的非常短的波长被散射。因此例如UV辐射被散射，而可见光可以不受阻碍地通过。
除了着色外，散射具有保护容器中的产品（灌装材料）免受辐射的效果。产品的某些内容物例如维生素B2（核黄素）（其例如包含在奶或啤酒中）在暴露于光时可对产品的口味产生负面影响。保护免受波长范围为250至500或550 nm的辐射在这一上下文中特别有用。
然而，散射仍然可以以其它方式使用。在本发明的上下文中令人感兴趣的尤其是制造容器的两步法，其中在第一机器中制造预制件，并在第二机器中通过红外辐射（IR）或近红外辐射（NIR）加热该预制件，然后将其成型产生容器（尤其通过吹塑和/或拉伸）。如果预制件散射低于NIR或IR范围（特别是小于800nm）的辐射，则由此预制件的加热不会受负面影响。
可以设置，对于射到预制件和/或容器上的波长为400至720nm的辐射而言，界定该预制件和/或容器的壁对于所述入射辐射的最多30％或40％或50％是可透过的。该预制件和/或容器可以通过注塑法或通过流动冲压法制成。该容器也可以由预制件通过吹塑或拉伸吹塑制成。此外，该容器也可以在挤出吹塑中由发泡粒料或发泡聚酯熔体制成，其中对于射到容器上的波长为400至720nm的辐射而言，界定该容器的壁对于所述入射辐射的最多30％或40％或50％是可透过的。在所述预制件中和/或容器中通过发泡产生（和/或源于发泡粒料）的气泡可具有用于实现该效果的尺寸。
优点是，该预制件和/或容器（特别是其壁）透过波长为800至2000纳米的辐射的至少50、70或80％。特别是，在该预制件中和/或容器中通过发泡产生（和/或源于发泡粒料）的气泡具有用于实现该效果的尺寸。
所述容器可以由预制件通过吹塑，特别是拉伸吹塑制成。所述气泡的形状和尺寸可受例如吹塑和/或拉伸该预制件时或拉伸薄膜时的所选拉伸比的影响。此外，该气泡的尺寸和形状可受压力分布，例如注射压力或注塑时的保持压力的影响。
由于发泡聚酯熔体和/或熔化的发泡粒料穿过孔板，该气泡（泡孔）的尺寸和因此辐射的散射会受到影响。
该气泡的尺寸还可受添加到聚酯熔体中的发泡剂量和/或发泡剂的粒度的影响。
此外，气泡的尺寸可受挤出机（尤其是回收厂的挤出机）上的调节，例如背压（Staudruck）、温度或进行脱气的影响。
在回收法中，例如可以通过熔体脱气来除去气泡，和/或通过添加额外的发泡剂可以将额外的气泡（泡孔）添加到聚酯熔体中、和/或气泡的尺寸可以被改变，例如通过孔板。
优选地，该容器的密度为大于1g/cm3。根据一个变体，该容器可以含有密度大于1g/cm3的填料，特别是矿物填料，如白垩、滑石等。
通过规定气泡尺寸，因此可以影响气泡界面处的自然光或人造光的散射，特别是以便散射UV光、散射可见光、散射或不散射NIR辐射、或产生颜色效果。由此例如可以替代诸如UV阻滞剂、白色颜料或染料之类的添加剂。不含这种添加剂的聚酯的回收大大简化。
本文件中的术语应优选如其会被本领域技术人员理解那样理解。如果在各自的上下文下可能有多种解释，则每种解释可以单独公开。特别是对于可存在不清楚的情况，可以替代地或另外地使用本文件中列出的优选定义。
本文件中关于特性粘度（IV）的说明优选根据ASTM D4603测量。
关于粒料的材料密度的说明优选根据ASTM D1505-10测量。
如果关于标准的说明不清楚，则优选是指该标准在申请的时间点（申请日）的最新版本和/或该标准的具有与所示名称最相似的名称的有效版本。
此外，以下的权利要求还分别通过引用前述权利要求中任一项（“根据前述权利要求中任一项”）来公开，即使当其未以这种形式要求保护时。
附图简述
图1显示了流程图。
示例性实施方案的详细描述
图1显示了流程图。第一步中，仅将来自瓶制造的PET工业废料和来自消费后产品例如使用过的PET瓶的PET薄片供入挤出机1。同时，向该聚酯材料中供入母料，向该母料中加入发泡剂，例如碳酸氢钠和/或碳酸氢钾和/或焦磷酸二氢二钠和/或正磷酸二氢钙和/或柠檬酸和/或柠檬酸衍生物。在本实施例中，母料中的化学发泡剂的重量比例为40％。在本实施例中，母料相对于聚酯熔体而言的重量比例为约3％。通过挤出机1中的挤出程序，将供入的材料熔融产生聚酯熔体，其中一种或多种聚酯的重量比例为至少85％。该一种或多种聚酯由选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯（PEN）、聚呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯（PEF）、聚乳酸（PLA）、二醇改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET-G）、聚呋喃二甲酸丙二醇酯（PPF）和所述聚酯的共聚物的物质组成。化学发泡剂用作形成泡孔的成核剂。因此当聚酯熔融时，化学发泡剂与聚酯熔体反应并将其发泡。在发泡之前，聚酯熔体的特性粘度为至少0.6dl/g，根据ASTM D4603测量。聚酯熔体的特性粘度通过发泡剂减少至少0.05dl/g，根据ASTM D4603测量。发泡聚酯熔体通过喷嘴成型产生条料并在空气或水中冷却。随后，旋转刀2将条料切割成长度为几毫米的部分，即所谓的粒料，其在本实施例中发泡并作为球形粒料存在。将发泡球形粒料供入固相缩合器3（其也称为固态反应器（SSP）并且位于回收厂中）以进行缩合。由此增加特性粘度。特性粘度可以根据所需的应用领域而增加至约1.6dl/g，根据ASTM D4603测量。为了制造预制件（由其在第二步骤中吹塑或拉伸吹塑容器），特性粘度增加至约0.9dl/g，根据ASTM D4603测量。发泡球形粒料的材料密度低于1.33g/cm3且高于0.8g/cm3，根据ASTM D1505-19测量。应理解，发泡粒料可以是食品安全的。将发泡粒料输送到加工产生聚酯粒料的工厂6A、6B、6C。这通过风格化的载重机动车4表示，由其三个箭头5A、5B、5C指向这些工厂6A、6B、6C。如果需要，可以在该工厂中或在未发泡粒料的生产商处将未发泡粒料加入到发泡粒料中。在该工厂中可以制造薄膜，由其也可以制造拉伸的最终产品，例如深拉的碗。也可以制造窗户型材、管材或深拉板。例如，在工厂6B中制备容器。通过挤出机7A和未示出的工具生产预制件，其在三个拉伸吹塑机的工具8A、8B、8C中拉伸吹塑产生容器，更确切地说是瓶9，其随后被提供到未示出的灌装设备中以进行灌装。通过挤出机7B，由含有至少1重量％的发泡粒料的粒料吹塑管，由该管挤出吹塑容器，优选瓶。通过挤出机7C，应标出两种不同的容器制造方法。一方面，容器在注塑中制成。另一方面，通过注塑制造注塑件，由其吹出预定范围。用不同方法制造的容器具有不透明的白色颜色，并且对于射到该容器上的波长为400至720nm的辐射而言，界定该容器的壁对于最多30％、40％或50％是可透过的。因此，通过由发泡聚酯粒料制成的容器可以保护灌装材料免受辐射。产品的某些内容物如维生素B2（核黄素）（其例如包含在奶或啤酒中）在暴露于光时可对产品的口味产生负面影响。在这一上下文中，保护免受波长范围为250至500或550nm的辐射是特别有用的。因此，由优选由PET回收材料获得的发泡粒料制造不透明的白色容器，该容器延长对光敏感的饮料的保质期，而不向这类瓶中供入迄今对此使用的氧化钛作为颜料。由于没有该颜料，瓶在其使用后可以容易地再次回收并因此重新供入所述工艺。

Claims (20)

1.方法，其中
- 制备含有一种或多种聚酯的聚酯熔体；
- 将聚酯熔体通过发泡剂发泡；和
- 由发泡聚酯熔体制备发泡粒料；其特征在于
- 聚酯熔体的特性粘度（IV）通过发泡剂减少至少0.05dl/g，根据ASTM D4603测量；和
- 通过固相缩聚（SSP）增加发泡粒料的IV。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，所述发泡剂是在聚酯熔体中和/或在发挥其作为发泡剂的作用时裂解出水或质量小于200道尔顿的其它分子的发泡剂。
3.根据权利要求1至2中任一项的方法，其特征在于，所述聚酯熔体在发泡前的IV为至少0.6dl/g，根据ASTM D4603测量。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项的方法，其特征在于，发泡粒料的IV通过SSP增加大于0.05dl/g，根据ASTM D4603测量。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项的方法，其特征在于，聚酯熔体中的所述一种或多种聚酯由至少80或90重量％，优选基本上100重量％的回收聚酯组成。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项的方法，其特征在于，聚酯熔体的发泡在回收厂的挤出机中进行。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项的方法，其特征在于，聚酯熔体由至少85重量％的一种聚酯或多种聚酯组成，所述一种聚酯或多种聚酯选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯（PEN）、聚呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯（PEF）、聚乳酸（PLA）、二醇改性的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET-G）、聚呋喃二甲酸丙二醇酯（PPF）和所述聚酯的共聚物。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项的方法，其特征在于，聚酯熔体中的所述一种或多种聚酯基本上由PET组成，其中所述粒料的材料密度在SSP之后为低于1.33g/cm3，根据ASTMD1505-10测量。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项的方法，其特征在于，所述粒料的材料密度在SSP之后为高于0.8 g/cm3，根据ASTM D1505-10测量。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项的方法，其特征在于，发泡剂是裂解出使所述一种或多种聚酯降解的反应性分子结构，特别是分子量小于200道尔顿的分子、基团和/或气体的化学发泡剂。
11.根据权利要求1至9中任一项的方法，其特征在于，所述化学发泡剂具有用于形成泡孔的成核剂，特别是无机物质，例如滑石、白垩或二氧化钛。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项的方法，其特征在于，所述发泡剂含有碳酸氢钠和/或碳酸氢钾和/或焦磷酸二氢二钠和/或正磷酸二氢钙和/或柠檬酸和/或柠檬酸衍生物。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项的方法，其特征在于，通过注塑机加工聚酯物料，所述聚酯物料由至少1重量％的发泡粒料形成，其中通过注塑机由所述聚酯物料优选制造预制件或容器。
14.用于注塑机和/或吹塑机的发泡聚酯粒料，其特征在于，其由通过发泡剂发泡的聚酯熔体制成，其中发泡粒料的特性粘度（IV）通过固相缩聚（SSP）增加至少0.05dl/g，根据ASTM D4603测量。
15.根据权利要求14的发泡聚酯粒料，其特征在于，其通过根据权利要求1至13中任一项的方法制备。
16.由根据权利要求14或15的发泡聚酯粒料制成的预制件，其特征在于，对于射到预制件上的波长为400至720nm的辐射而言，界定所述预制件的壁对于所述入射辐射的最多30％或40％或50％是可透过的。
17.根据权利要求16的预制件，其特征在于，所述预制件通过注塑法或流动冲压法制成。
18.由根据权利要求16或17的预制件通过吹塑或拉伸吹塑制成的容器，其特征在于，对于射到容器上的波长为400至720nm的辐射而言，界定所述容器的壁对于所述入射辐射的最多30％或40％或50％是可透过的。
19.由根据权利要求14或15中任一项的发泡聚酯粒料制成的容器，其特征在于，所述容器通过注塑法或流动冲压法制成，并且对于射到容器上的波长为400至720nm的辐射而言，界定所述所述容器的壁对于所述入射辐射的最多30％或40％或50％是可透过的。
20.由根据权利要求14或15中任一项的发泡聚酯粒料制成的容器，其特征在于，所述容器通过挤出吹塑法制成，并且对于射到容器上的波长为400至720nm的辐射而言，界定所述容器的壁对于所述入射辐射的最多30％或40％或50％是可透过的。
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