CN110371972A - 一种邻苯二甲腈基富杂原子掺杂的多孔碳材料的制备及其应用 - Google Patents
一种邻苯二甲腈基富杂原子掺杂的多孔碳材料的制备及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- XQZYPMVTSDWCCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1C#N XQZYPMVTSDWCCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920006391 phthalonitrile polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 102000018779 Replication Protein C Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 108010027647 Replication Protein C Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 benzene Dimethoxy nitrile Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- YVNRUPSDZZZUQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].NC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [O].NC1=CC=CC=C1 YVNRUPSDZZZUQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QYASBSHCEJENGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trifluorobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C(F)=C1F QYASBSHCEJENGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Co]Br BZRRQSJJPUGBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001119 stannous chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 150000008359 benzonitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 101100317222 Borrelia hermsii vsp3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HHEAADYXPMHMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dpph Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N]N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 HHEAADYXPMHMCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinyl group Chemical group C1(O)=CC(O)=CC=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-IEBWSBKVSA-N (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1s,3s)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@@H]1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-IEBWSBKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJUBBYQPEAGIFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phthalazin-1-ylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C12 LJUBBYQPEAGIFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZUAIBWHWKJGROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile;benzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.N#CC1=CC=CC=C1C#N ZUAIBWHWKJGROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001553 co-assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004832 voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
- C01B32/348—Metallic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
- C01B32/55—Solidifying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/44—Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于多孔碳材料技术领域,提供了一种邻苯二甲腈基富杂原子掺杂的多孔碳材料的制备及其应用。将邻苯二甲腈与固化剂按照摩尔比1:0.5‑10研磨均匀;然后在空气或惰性气体氛围固化得到邻苯二甲腈树脂;直接将固化后的邻苯二甲腈树脂与活化剂按质量比1:0.1‑10混合研磨或将固化后的邻苯二甲腈树脂酸洗除去多余固化剂,干燥后,将邻苯二甲腈树脂与活化剂按照质量比1:0.1‑10混合均匀,在惰性气体氛围中高温活化1‑6小时;然后依次用稀酸、去离子水洗涤,然后干燥即得到邻苯二甲腈树脂基多孔碳材料。本发明所制备的邻苯二甲腈树脂基多孔碳材料,可用于CO2气体的吸附,在273K最大吸附量可达4.25mmol/g。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于多孔碳材料技术领域,特别是涉及一种邻苯二甲腈基富杂原子掺杂的多孔碳材料的制备及其应用。
背景技术
随着经济的发展、社会的进步,人类对能源的需求日益增大,能源危机和环境污染问题日益凸显。同时要追求对能源的高效利用以及环境的保护,高效的储能设备是目前发展的重点。超级电容器的特点就是循环性好、充放电快、瞬时功率密度高、循环性能稳定、能量转换效率高、温度范围宽等优点弥补了传统电容器和二次电池的不足。超级电容器,又名电化学双层电容器,通过吸附离子或快速的表面氧化还原反应来储存能量。多孔碳材料由于其物化性能稳定、导电性能高、比表面积大,价格低廉,介孔结构尺寸可调节的特点,非常适合用作超级电容器。
由于化石燃料的使用增加,CO2排放量急剧上升,温室效应愈发明显,对于CO2的收集和利用变得刻不容缓。
目前关于多功能的杂原子掺杂的多孔碳材料的报道相对较少,同时性能较差,比较典型的有赵东元院士团队通过模板催化原位聚合和共组装策略制备的富氮掺杂中孔碳,其比电容为最大为252F/g(0.2A/g),对CO2吸附能力最大为3.2mmol/g[1],性能较差。朱英团队发明的衍生自纸巾的双功能3D氮掺杂多孔碳材料同时用于氧还原反应和超级电容器,其最大比电容为379.5F/g(1A/g),循环稳定性10000次后保持率为94.5%,循环稳定性较差[2]。本发明通过简单的方法首先制备邻苯二甲腈树脂,然后通过对树脂的简单活化法制备出邻苯二甲腈树脂基多孔碳材料,方法简单、易于放大,制备出来的多孔碳材料杂原子丰富、比表面积大、表现出优异的气体吸附能力,同时应用于超级电容器,表现出优异的比电容性能及超高的循环稳定性。
[1]Liu Y,Wang Z,Teng W,et al.A template-catalyzed in situpolymerization and co-assembly strategy for rich nitrogen-doped mesoporouscarbon[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2018,6.
[2]Bifunctional 3D n-doped porous carbon materials derived from papertowel for oxygen reduction reaction and supercapacitor[J].Science Bulletin,2018,v.63(10):31-38.
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种富杂原子掺杂的多孔碳材料的制备方法,本发明方法简单、易于放大、结构易调控、易于产业化,所制备多孔碳材料比表面积高、杂元素丰富且均匀。所制备的多孔碳材料在超级电容器及CO2吸附分离领域具有优异性能。
本发明的技术方案:
一种邻苯二甲腈基富杂原子掺杂的多孔碳材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
将邻苯二甲腈与固化剂按照摩尔比1:0.5-10研磨均匀;然后在空气或惰性气体氛围中按照分段升温在100-450℃温度条件下固化10-22小时得到邻苯二甲腈树脂;直接将固化后的邻苯二甲腈树脂与活化剂按质量比1:0.1-10混合研磨或将固化后的邻苯二甲腈树脂酸洗除去多余固化剂,干燥后,将邻苯二甲腈树脂与活化剂按照质量比1:0.1-10混合均匀,在惰性气体氛围中高温活化1-6小时;然后依次用稀酸、去离子水洗涤,然后干燥即得到邻苯二甲腈树脂基多孔碳材料。所述邻苯二甲腈为下式(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)
式(1)
其中R表示:
式(2)
式(3)
式(4)
式(5)含酰亚胺基邻苯二甲腈
式(6)含氮硅烷结构的邻苯二甲腈
所述固化剂为氯化锌、三氯化铝、三氯化铁、氯化亚锡、氯化钴、溴化钴、氯化硼、氯化锑、氯化钛、尿素、三聚氰胺、三氟苯磺酸、苯胺、对苯二胺、对甲苯磺酸、4,4二氨基二苯砜(DDS)、4,4二氨基二苯砜醚(DDE)、4,4-二氨基二苯甲烷(DDM)、2,2’-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷、1,3-双(3-氨基苯氧基)(APB)、4,[(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]砜(BAPS)、2,6-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯甲腈(BAB)中的一种或两种以上混合。
固化升温过程具体如下:100-150℃、200-250℃、300-350℃、400-450℃各2-4小时。
所述的活化剂为KOH、NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3、K2CO3、KHCO3、Ca(CH3COO)2、磷酸、磷酸盐中的一种或两种以上混合。
所述的高温指500℃-1000℃中任一温度。
所述的惰性气体为氮气或氩气。
所述的酸洗,指将材料均匀分散到稀酸溶液中,超声30min-2h或搅拌24-48小时;然后抽滤或者离心。酸洗的目的在于除去多余固化剂或活化剂。
所述的水洗指抽滤或离心洗涤至中性。
为了进一步考证本发明提供的邻苯二甲腈基多孔碳材料的电性能,首先在三电极体系中测试:将本发明的邻苯二甲腈基多孔碳材料、普通炭黑(乙炔黑)和聚四氟乙烯按照比例8:1:1在研钵中研磨成片状,然后用磨具冲成10mm的圆片。然后将电极片放在相应大小的钛网集流体上,15Mp冷压2分钟,然后80℃烘24小时。然后在三电极体系中测试,以Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极、铂电极为对电极。在VMP3上经循环伏安法、恒流充放电法、交流阻抗法对电极材料进行全面测试。然后在两电极体系中测试:邻苯二甲腈基多孔碳材料、普通炭黑(或者乙炔黑)和偏四氟乙烯按照比例8:1:1在研钵中,加入10滴NMP研磨,然后将浆液涂抹在涂炭铝箔上,在80℃真空干燥箱中烘24小时,然后用磨具冲片。然后用2032电池壳组装成纽扣电池,电解液为离子液体(如EMIBMF4)、TEABF4/AN、TEABF4/PC在VMP3上经循环伏安法、恒流充放电法、交流阻抗法对电极材料进行全面测试。以下实例均按照此法进行电化学性能测试。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明方法简单、易于放大、结构可控、具有产业化前景。本发明所制备的邻苯二甲腈树脂基多孔碳材料,比表面积最大超过3000m2/g,最大孔体积1.76cm3/g、氮含量最高可达10.48%,杂元素最高可达21.82%。
本发明所制备的邻苯二甲腈树脂基多孔碳材料,可用于制备超级电容器电极材料,具有优异性能,在三电极测试中最大比电容超过500F/g(0.1A/g)。两电极测试最大比电容为86F/g(0.1A/g),能量密度最大为37Wh/kg。
本发明所制备的邻苯二甲腈树脂基多孔碳材料,可用于CO2气体的吸附,在273K最大吸附量可达4.25mmol/g。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的间苯二酚邻苯二甲腈基多孔碳材料的CO2吸附曲线。
图2为实施例3制备的双酚F邻苯二甲腈基多孔碳材料的三电极体系循环稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例对本发明做进一步描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
间苯二酚基邻苯二甲腈(DPPH):尿素:氯化锌=1:10:5(摩尔比)研磨均匀,放入瓷舟中,然后将瓷舟置于管式炉中,在空气氛围100℃、150℃、200℃、250℃、300℃、350℃各固化2小时。稀盐酸酸洗、水洗后干燥,然后树脂:乙酸钙=1:2(质量比)研磨均匀,放入管式炉,氮气氛围800℃活化4小时,依次用稀盐酸、去离子水洗涤,然后在80℃真空烘箱干燥即可得到产品。为了验证其电化学性能,取24mg干燥的间苯二酚基多孔碳材料(活性物质)、3mg普通炭黑、3mg破乳后的聚四氟乙烯,研磨成片状,然后冲成10mm的圆片,烘24小时。将其压到100目的钛网上作为电极,电解液为1M的H2SO4,在三电极体系中测试其电化学性能。然后将邻苯二甲腈基多孔碳材料、普通炭黑(或者乙炔黑)和偏四氟乙烯按照比例8:1:1在研钵中,加入10滴NMP研磨,然后将浆液涂抹在涂炭铝箔上,在80℃真空干燥箱中烘24小时,然后用磨具冲片。然后用2032电池壳组装成纽扣电池,电解液为离子液体测试其两电极体系电化学性能。在三电极中比电容在0.1A/g电流下比电容为194F/g。在两电极中,其能量密度为34Wh/kg(874W/kg)。气体吸附能力优异,273K下对CO2吸附能力为3.92mmol/g。
DPPH
实施例3
取双酚F基邻苯二甲腈(BAFPH):DDS:氯化锌=1:10:10(摩尔比)研磨均匀,放入瓷舟中,然后将瓷舟置于管式炉中,在氮气氛围150℃、200℃、250℃、300℃、350℃各固化2小时。酸洗、水洗后干燥,然后树脂:KOH=1:0.75研磨均匀,放入管式炉,氮气氛围800℃活化2小时,依次用稀盐酸、去离子水洗涤,然后在80℃真空烘箱干燥即可得到产品。为了验证其电化学性能,取24mg干燥的双酚F基邻苯二甲腈树脂基多孔碳材料(活性物质)、3mg普通炭黑、3mg破乳后的聚四氟乙烯,研磨成片状,然后冲成10mm的圆片,烘24小时。将其压到100目的钛网上作为电极,电解液为1M的H2SO4,测试其电化学性能。在0.1A/g电流下。比电容高达407/g,该样品在三电极中循环稳定性优异,在20A/g电流下,经过100000次循环,比电容保持率为103%。
BAFPH
实施例5
三官能度邻苯二甲腈(TTPH):DDS:氯化锌=1:5:6(摩尔比)研磨均匀,放入瓷舟中,然后将瓷舟置于管式炉中,在空气氛围100℃、150℃、200℃、250℃、300℃、350℃各固化2小时。然后树脂:KOH=1:1(质量比)研磨均匀,放入管式炉,氮气氛围700℃活化1小时,依次用稀盐酸、去离子水洗涤,然后在80℃真空烘箱干燥即可得到产品。为了验证其电化学性能,取24mg干燥的TTPH基多孔碳材料(活性物质)、3mg普通炭黑、3mg破乳后的聚四氟乙烯,研磨成片状,然后冲成10mm的圆片,烘24小时。将其压到100目的钛网上作为电极,电解液为1M的H2SO4,在三电极体系中测试其电化学性能。在0.1A/g电流下比电容可达292F/g。
TTPH
实施例6
4-(4'-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮(DHPZ):DDS=1:6,研磨均匀,放入瓷舟中,然后将瓷舟置于管式炉中,在空气氛围150℃、200℃、250℃、300℃、350℃、375℃各固化2小时。然后树脂:NaHCO3=1:1(质量比)研磨均匀,放入管式炉,氮气氛围800℃活化3小时,依次用稀盐酸、去离子水洗涤,然后在80℃真空烘箱干燥即可得到产品。为了验证其电化学性能,取24mg干燥的DHPZ基多孔碳材料(活性物质)、3mg普通炭黑、3mg破乳后的聚四氟乙烯,研磨成片状,然后冲成10mm的圆片,烘24小时。将其压到100目的钛网上作为电极,电解液为1M的H2SO4,在三电极体系中测试其电化学性能。在0.1A/g电流下比电容可达300F/g。
DHPZ
Claims (9)
1.一种邻苯二甲腈基富杂原子掺杂的多孔碳材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
将邻苯二甲腈与固化剂按照摩尔比1:0.5-10研磨均匀;然后在空气或惰性气体氛围中按照分段升温在100-450℃温度条件下固化10-22小时得到邻苯二甲腈树脂;直接将固化后的邻苯二甲腈树脂与活化剂按质量比1:0.1-10混合研磨或将固化后的邻苯二甲腈树脂酸洗除去多余固化剂,干燥后,将邻苯二甲腈树脂与活化剂按照质量比1:0.1-10混合均匀,在惰性气体氛围中高温活化1-6小时;然后依次用稀酸、去离子水洗涤,然后干燥即得到邻苯二甲腈树脂基多孔碳材料;
所述邻苯二甲腈为下式(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(6);
式(1)
其中R表示:
式(2)
式(3)
式(4)
式(5)含酰亚胺基邻苯二甲腈
式(6)含氮硅烷结构的邻苯二甲腈
所述固化剂为氯化锌、三氯化铝、三氯化铁、氯化亚锡、氯化钴、溴化钴、氯化硼、氯化锑、氯化钛、尿素、三聚氰胺、三氟苯磺酸、苯胺、对苯二胺、对甲苯磺酸、4,4二氨基二苯砜、4,4二氨基二苯砜醚、4,4-二氨基二苯甲烷、2,2’-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷、1,3-双(3-氨基苯氧基)、4,[(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]砜、2,6-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯甲腈中的一种或两种以上混合;
所述的活化剂为KOH、NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3、K2CO3、KHCO3、Ca(CH3COO)2、磷酸、磷酸盐中的一种或两种以上混合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的固化升温过程具体如下:100-150℃、200-250℃、300-350℃、400-450℃各2-4小时。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的高温指500℃-1000℃中任一温度。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的惰性气体为氮气或氩气。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的惰性气体为氮气或氩气。
6.根据权利要求1、2或5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的酸洗,指将材料均匀分散到稀酸溶液中,超声30min-2h或搅拌24-48小时;然后抽滤或离心;所述的水洗指抽滤或离心洗涤至中性。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的酸洗,指将材料均匀分散到稀酸溶液中,超声30min-2h或搅拌24-48小时;然后抽滤或离心;所述的水洗指抽滤或离心洗涤至中性。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的酸洗,指将材料均匀分散到稀酸溶液中,超声30min-2h或搅拌24-48小时;然后抽滤或离心;所述的水洗指抽滤或离心洗涤至中性。
9.邻苯二甲腈基多孔碳材料用于CO2气体的吸附。
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CN116239116A (zh) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-06-09 | 厦门稀土材料研究所 | 一种离子活化法制备高比表面积的杂原子掺杂多孔炭材料的方法及其应用 |
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