CN110366545A - 层压玻璃板 - Google Patents

层压玻璃板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110366545A
CN110366545A CN201980000927.6A CN201980000927A CN110366545A CN 110366545 A CN110366545 A CN 110366545A CN 201980000927 A CN201980000927 A CN 201980000927A CN 110366545 A CN110366545 A CN 110366545A
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glass
plate
laminated
glass plate
glass pane
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O.钦托拉冈萨雷斯
V.索维内
A.贝拉特德巴约勒
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
    • B32B17/10137—Chemical strengthening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/078—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing an oxide of a divalent metal, e.g. an oxide of zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
    • C03C4/02—Compositions for glass with special properties for coloured glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
    • C03C4/18—Compositions for glass with special properties for ion-sensitive glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的主题是一种层压玻璃板，其包含借助层压夹层接合在一起的第一有色玻璃板和第二透明玻璃板，所述第一板具有1.5至2.5 mm的厚度e1，所述第二板具有0.4至1.9 mm的厚度e2，比率R=e2/e1²为最多0.40 mm‑1，所述玻璃板具有至少70%的光透射率和最多55%的直接太阳辐射透射率，所述有色玻璃具有包含1.1至2.0%的以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量的化学组成，和0.23至0.32的被定义为以FeO形式表示的亚铁重量含量和以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量之间的比率的氧化还原比。

Description

层压玻璃板
本发明涉及层压玻璃板的领域，更特别是机动车辆层压玻璃板，特别用作挡风玻璃或侧窗。
层压玻璃板是其中两个玻璃板通过具有在发生破损时留持玻璃碎片的能力的层压夹层胶粘在一起的玻璃板。层压夹层还可实现其它功能，例如防磨合性(break-inresistance)、声学、热等功能。层压夹层通常包含至少一个聚合物板，通常由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛制成，其能够在层压处理的过程中软化并粘贴到玻璃板上。
层压玻璃板作为挡风玻璃和有时作为侧窗用于机动车辆。在这方面，它们必须满足越来越多的要求，包括机械要求（它们必须经得住碎石冲击）、物理要求（它们必须尽可能轻以尽可能少地加重车辆的能耗）、光学要求（它们对可见光的透射必须足以为司机提供良好的能见度）和热要求（它们对太阳辐射的透射必须低以在夏季降低太阳得热和因此对空调的需求），更不用说成本要求。另一些要求涉及制造这些玻璃板的方法。特别地，层压玻璃板的两个玻璃板必须能够一起弯曲以确保完美组装和防止任何光学畸变。这些要求有一些是矛盾的，因为较轻的玻璃板是较薄的玻璃板，其具有不太好地耐受碎石冲击并透过更多红外辐射的倾向。
本发明的目的是提供满足所有这些要求并且在制造上不是非常昂贵的层压玻璃板。
就此而言，本发明的一个主题是一种层压玻璃板，其包含借助层压夹层接合在一起的第一有色玻璃板和第二透明玻璃板，所述第一板具有1.5至2.5 mm的厚度e1，所述第二板具有0.4至1.9 mm的厚度e2，比率R = e2/e1²为最多0.40 mm-1，所述玻璃板具有至少70%的光透射率和最多55%的直接太阳辐射透射率(direct solar transmission)，所述有色玻璃具有包含1.1至2.0%的以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量的化学组成，和0.23至0.32的被定义为以FeO形式表示的亚铁重量含量和以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量之间的比率的氧化还原比。
本发明的另一主题是用于运输车辆，特别是机动车辆，特别是挡风玻璃或侧窗的玻璃板，其包含根据本发明的层压玻璃板。
在这种玻璃板中，第二玻璃板优选是内板，打算将其安置在车辆客舱的内部。
通过将由标准ISO 11664-2规定光源A和由标准ISO 11664-1规定的CIE 1931参考观察者(2°)考虑在内，由在所涉玻璃板或玻璃板上产生的实验光谱计算光透射率。根据标准ISO 9050: 2003测定直接太阳辐射透射率。
短语“透明玻璃”被理解为是指在2 mm厚度下的光透射率为至少90%的玻璃。透明玻璃通常含有最多0.15%，特别是0.1%和甚至0.08%的总铁重量含量。但是，透明玻璃的总铁重量含量通常为至少0.01%，因为玻璃熔融中所用的天然原材料含有铁杂质，并且更低的含量要求使用特别昂贵的原材料。透明玻璃不含铁以外的着色剂；特别地，除不可避免的杂质外，其优选不含氧化钴、氧化铬、硒、氧化铜、氧化镍和稀土元素的氧化物。
厚度e1和e2和比率R的选择已证实对获得所需抗碎石冲击性以及良好的光学和能量性质特别至关重要。
厚度e2优选为最多1.8 mm，特别是1.7 mm或1.6 mm和甚至1.5 mm。厚度e2优选为至少0.5 mm，特别是0.6 mm或0.7 mm和甚至0.8 mm或0.9 mm。其优选在0.5至1.7 mm的范围内。
厚度e1优选为最多2.4 mm，特别是2.3 mm或2.2 mm或2.1 mm。其优选为至少1.6或1.7 mm。
比率R有利地为最多0.35或0.30，特别是0.25或0.20。其优选为至少0.10。
特别有利的e1/e2厚度对特别是：
e1=1.6 mm和e2=0.5 mm
e1=1.6 mm和e2=0.7 mm
e1=1.8 mm和e2=0.5 mm
e1=1.8 mm和e2=0.7 mm
e1=1.8 mm和e2=1.1 mm
e1=2.1 mm和e2=0.5 mm
e1=2.1 mm和e2=0.7 mm
e1=2.1 mm和e2=1.1 mm
e1=2.1 mm和e2=1.6 mm。
该玻璃板优选由第一板、第二板和层压夹层构成，但是不排除这些构件之一被如下所述的层或叠层涂布。
该玻璃板优选是曲面的。为了实现这一点，这两个玻璃板在借助层压夹层组装之前通常一起弯曲。可以以已知方式，例如通过重力（玻璃在其自重下变形）或通过压制，在通常550至650℃的温度下进行弯曲。
当该玻璃板是曲面时，第二玻璃板有利地为玻璃板的内板（inner sheet），即位于玻璃板的凹面的板；打算将该板安置在车辆客舱的内部。第一玻璃板随后是位于玻璃板的凸面的外板；该板打算安置在车辆客舱的外部。
也可以以已知方式通过例如在110至160℃的温度和10至15巴的压力下的压热处理进行层压。在压热处理前，可通过压延或通过真空清除截留在玻璃板与层压夹层之间的空气。
为了改进抗碎石冲击性，第一玻璃板优选由没有机械强化的玻璃制成。因此，在这种情况下，其既没有钢化（toughened）也没有淬火（hardened）。短语“没有机械强化”被理解为是指尚未通过化学钢化或使用以在玻璃板表面建立高压缩应力为目的的强制冷却手段实施强化的玻璃板。但是这一定义不排除使用常规使用的并且是遵循周期时间或获得形状应力（form stresses）所必需的冷却手段的可能性。在形成机动车辆玻璃板的方法的过程中，实际上必须在其形成后冷却玻璃以遵循周期时间并通过使玻璃板的周边受压而建立形状应力（form stresses）以提高边缘的抗裂性。短语“没有机械强化”因此不排除存在边缘应力。
没有机械强化的玻璃优选使得残余内芯抗拉应力(residual core tensilestress)为最多12 MPa，特别是5 MPa或2 MPa。特别在弯曲后，更尤其在弯板炉的出口和玻璃温度相当于其退火温度的区域之间以最多1℃/秒的冷却速率获得这样的应力值。特别在通过从玻璃板上切割10 mm × 50 mm的平行六面体试样而得的试样上、通过将第一玻璃板与层压夹层分离、例如通过在150至200℃的温度下热处理试样、然后通过测量玻璃板厚度中的应力来进行残余应力的测量。可以例如使用书籍“Photoelasticity of Glass”, H.Aben, C. Guillemet著(1993) Springer Verlag的第8章中描述的biasographe进行应力的测量。
第二玻璃板可能没有机械强化或相反，可由钢化玻璃制成。
仍然为了改进抗碎石冲击性，有利地将第二玻璃板化学钢化，因为所用的薄厚度使得热钢化困难。化学钢化（也称为“离子交换”）在于使玻璃表面与熔盐（例如硝酸钾）浴接触，以通过用较大离子半径的离子（例如钾离子）交换来自玻璃的离子（例如钠离子）来强化玻璃表面。这种离子交换实际上使得有可能在玻璃表面和经过一定厚度形成压缩应力。优选地，表面应力为至少300 MPa，特别是400和甚至500 MPa，和最多700 MPa，且压缩区的厚度为至少20 µm，通常20至50 µm。可以使用配有巴比内补偿器的偏光显示器以已知方式测定应力分布。
第一板优选由钠钙硅玻璃构成。
钠钙硅玻璃被理解为是指含有二氧化硅作为在先氧化物(former oxide)并含有钠和钙氧化物作为改性剂氧化物的玻璃。钠钙硅玻璃优选具有包含60至78%的二氧化硅(SiO2)、10至16%的苏打(Na2O)和5至15%的石灰(CaO)的化学组成。如上所示，这种钠钙硅玻璃优选没有机械强化。
根据一个实施方案，第二板也由钠钙硅玻璃构成。在这种情况下，厚度e2优选为至少0.6 mm。第二板优选由没有机械强化的玻璃制成。
但是可以使用其它类型的玻璃，特别是硼硅酸盐、铝硅酸盐或铝硼硅酸盐玻璃。
根据另一实施方案，第二玻璃板特别由铝硅酸盐玻璃，特别是铝硅酸钠玻璃构成。然后优选将该玻璃化学钢化。厚度e2在这种情况下有利地为最多0.7 mm或0.6 mm，特别是在0.4至0.55 mm的范围内。
铝硅酸钠玻璃优选包含55至73重量%的SiO2、2至20重量%的Al2O3和9至17重量%的Na2O。其进一步包含，有利地，2至11重量%的MgO、0至10重量%的K2O、少于3重量%的CaO和少于10%，特别是少于5重量%的B2O3。
更特别地，铝硅酸钠玻璃优选具有下列组成之一，作为氧化物的重量百分比表示。
SiO2: 55-71%，特别是59-68%；Al2O3: 3-11%，特别是4-10%；MgO: 4-11%，特别是5-10%；Na2O: 9-17%，特别是10-14%；K2O: 3-12%，特别是5-11%；B2O3: <2%，特别是<0.5%；CaO:< 1%，特别是< 0.5%。
SiO2: 55-70%，特别是58-68%；Al2O3: 8-20%，特别是9-18%；MgO: 2-8%，特别是2-7%；Na2O: 10-17%，特别是11-16%；K2O: 1至8%，特别是1至6%；B2O3: < 3%，特别是< 2%；CaO:< 1%，特别是< 0.6%。
SiO2: 60-73%，特别是63-71%；Al2O3: 2-8%，特别是3-6%；MgO: 6-11%，特别是7-10%；Na2O: 10-17%，特别是11-16%；K2O: < 2%，特别是< 1%；CaO: 0-3%，特别是1-2%；B2O3:< 2%，特别是< 1%。
以Fe2O3形式表示的有色玻璃的总铁重量含量优选为至少1.2%，特别是1.3%。其优选为最多1.9%，特别是1.8%。其优选在1.3至1.8%，特别是1.3至1.5%或1.5至1.7%的范围内。
有色玻璃的氧化还原比优选为至少0.24，特别是0.25。其优选为最多0.31，特别是0.30或0.29或0.28。氧化还原比优选在0.24至0.29，特别是0.25至0.28，0.25至0.27的范围内。
上文给出的优选总铁含量和优选氧化还原比可以以任何可能的组合方式组合。优选组合特别是1.3至1.8%的铁含量与0.24至0.29或0.25至0.28或0.25至0.27的氧化还原比组合，或1.3至1.5%的铁含量与相同的优选氧化还原比范围组合，或1.5至1.7%的铁含量也与相同的优选氧化还原比范围组合。
该有色玻璃优选不含氧化铁或氧化钛以外的着色剂。氧化钛是在某些原材料中经常包含的杂质并可能有助于将玻璃轻微着色。氧化钛含量通常为最多0.1%或0.06%。该有色玻璃优选不含氧化钴、氧化镍、氧化铬、硒、氧化铜、氧化钒、氧化锰。其优选不含稀土元素氧化物，特别是不含氧化铈。根据一个变体，该有色玻璃可能含有极少量的至少一种上述着色剂以调节光学性质。在这种情况下，铁和钛氧化物以外的着色剂的总含量优选为最多40ppm（1 ppm = 0.0001%），特别是30或20 ppm。
该玻璃板的直接太阳辐射透射率优选为最多52%，特别是50%，和甚至48%或46%或45%。其通常为至少35%。
该玻璃板的光透射率优选为最多80%，特别是最多78%或77%。
该玻璃板的厚度优选为最多5 mm，特别是4.5 mm或4 mm。其通常为至少2.8 mm，特别是3 mm。
至少一个玻璃板有利地在其表面的一部分上，特别是在其周边被釉质层涂布，以防止用于将玻璃板固定到车身上的密封材料因紫外线辐射而打开。
至少一个玻璃板可在朝向层压夹层的面上被导电和/或低辐射薄层的叠层涂布，以获得加热玻璃板或进一步改进玻璃板的隔热。这样的叠层优选包含夹在至少两个薄介电层之间的至少一个薄银层。
层压夹层优选包含至少一个聚乙烯醇缩醛，特别是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）的板。
如果必要，为了调节玻璃板的光学或热性质，层压夹层可以是有色或无色的。
层压夹层可有利地具有吸声性质以吸收空气传声或固体传声。为此，其特别可由三个聚合物板构成，包括两个所谓的PVB外板，夹着任选由PVB制成、具有比外板低的硬度的聚合物内板。
层压夹层也可具有隔热性质，特别是反射红外辐射的性质。为此其可包含具有低辐射率的薄层的涂层，例如包含薄银层的涂层或不同折射率的交替介电层的涂层，其沉积在夹在两个外PVB板之间的内PET板上。
层压夹层的厚度通常在0.3至1.5 mm，特别是0.5至1 mm的范围内。层压夹层可具有在玻璃板的边缘比在玻璃板的中心薄的厚度，以防止在使用平视显示器（HUD）系统的情况下形成重像。
下列实施例以非限制性方式例示本发明。
通过使用0.76-mm厚的PVB夹层以已知方式层压两个玻璃板，获得层压玻璃板。
下面描述所用玻璃板。
玻璃A1:
钠钙硅玻璃，其含有1.60%的总铁（作为Fe2O3表示），氧化还原比为0.26。
玻璃A2:
钠钙硅玻璃，其含有1.36%的总铁（作为Fe2O3表示），氧化还原比为0.26。
玻璃B1
申请人以Planiclear为名出售并含有0.05%的总铁（作为Fe2O3表示）、氧化还原比为0.25的透明钠钙硅玻璃。
玻璃B2
申请人以Planilux为名出售并含有0.1%的总铁（作为Fe2O3表示）、氧化还原比为0.25的透明钠钙硅玻璃。
玻璃C
有色钠钙硅玻璃，其含有0.8%的总铁（作为Fe2O3表示），氧化还原比为0.26。
玻璃D
有色钠钙硅玻璃，其含有1.0%的总铁（作为Fe2O3表示），氧化还原比为0.26。
玻璃E:
化学钢化以使表面应力大于400 MPa且压缩厚度大于20 µm的铝硅酸钠玻璃。
其它玻璃A至D是没有机械强化的玻璃。
由通过分光光度学获得的实验光谱计算光透射率（标作TL）和直接太阳辐射透射率（标作TE）。
通过在冲击试验的过程中测量在玻璃上方释放的压头从多大的高度落下会造成玻璃板破裂，评估玻璃板的抗碎石冲击性。然后根据测得的高度分级。
-: 高度小于1000 mm
+: 高度在1000至1200 mm之间
++: 高度大于1200 mm
下表1至4通过指出为第一板和第二板选择的玻璃的类型、厚度e1和e2、比率R的值、玻璃板的总厚度、光透射率、直接太阳辐射透射率和最后在抗碎石冲击性的试验中获得的等级而概括获得的结果。
C1 C2 1 2 3
玻璃1 C D A1 A1 A1
e1 (mm) 1.8 1.6 1.6 2.1 1.8
玻璃2 C B1 B1 B1 B1
e2 (mm) 1.4 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1
R (mm<sup>-1</sup>) 0.43 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.34
总厚度(mm) 4 3.1 3.1 4 3.7
TL (%) 74.5 80.3 76.3 72.1 74.5
TE (%) 47.0 56.2 49.6 43.2 46.8
碎石冲击 - ++ ++ ++ +
表1
4 5 6 7 8
玻璃1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2
e1 (mm) 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.6
玻璃2 B1 B1 B2 B2 B2
e2 (mm) 1.6 0.7 1.1 1.6 0.7
R (mm<sup>-1</sup>) 0.36 0.16 0.25 0.36 0.27
总厚度(mm) 4.5 3.6 4 4.5 3.1
TL (%) 72.0 72.2 72.7 72.5 76.8
TE (%) 43.0 43.3 44.4 44.0 50.7
碎石冲击 + ++ ++ + ++
表2
9 10 11 12 13
玻璃1 A2 A2 A2 A2 A2
e1 (mm) 2.1 2.1 1.6 2.1 2.1
玻璃2 B1 B1 B1 E E
e2 (mm) 1.1 1.6 0.7 0.7 0.5
R (mm<sup>-1</sup>) 0.25 0.36 0.27 0.16 0.11
总厚度(mm) 4 4.5 3.1 3.6 3.4
TL (%) 73.0 72.8 76.9 72.5 72.5
TE (%) 44.7 44.5 51.0 43.6 43.6
碎石冲击 ++ + ++ ++ ++
表3
14 15
玻璃1 A2 A2
e1 (mm) 1.6 1.8
玻璃2 E E
e2 (mm) 0.5 0.5
R (mm<sup>-1</sup>) 0.20 0.15
总厚度(mm) 2.9 3.1
TL (%) 77.0 76.5
TE (%) 50.9 49.7
碎石冲击 ++ ++
表4。
对比玻璃板C1具有合适的直接太阳辐射透射率以及合适的光透射率。但是其抗碎石冲击性不是非常高。对比玻璃板C2在抗碎石冲击性方面更好，但以其热性质为代价。另一方面，根据本发明的玻璃板1至15在低重量下表现出机械要求和热要求之间的良好折衷。

Claims (15)

1.一种层压玻璃板，其包括借助层压夹层接合在一起的第一有色玻璃板和第二透明玻璃板，所述第一板具有1.5至2.5 mm的厚度e1，所述第二板具有0.4至1.9 mm的厚度e2，比率R = e2/e1²为最多0.40 mm-1，所述玻璃板具有至少70%的光透射率和最多55%的直接太阳辐射透射率，所述有色玻璃具有包含1.1至2.0%的以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量的化学组成，和0.23至0.32的被定义为以FeO形式表示的亚铁重量含量和以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量之间的比率的氧化还原比。
2.如权利要求1中所述的层压玻璃板，以使厚度e2在0.5至1.7 mm的范围内。
3.如前述权利要求任一项中所述的层压玻璃板，以使比率R为最多0.35，特别是0.30mm-1。
4.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压玻璃板，其中第一板由钠钙硅玻璃构成。
5.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压玻璃板，其中第一玻璃板由没有机械强化的玻璃制成。
6.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压玻璃板，其中将第二玻璃板化学钢化。
7.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压玻璃板，其中第二玻璃板由钠钙硅玻璃构成，厚度e2为至少0.6 mm。
8.如权利要求1至6之一中所述的玻璃板，其中第二玻璃板由化学钢化的铝硅酸盐玻璃构成，厚度e2为最多0.7 mm。
9.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压玻璃板，其中所述有色玻璃具有包含1.3至1.8%的以Fe2O3形式表示的总铁重量含量的化学组成。
10.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压玻璃板，其中所述有色玻璃具有使得氧化还原比在0.24至0.29的范围内的化学组成。
11.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压玻璃板，其直接太阳辐射透射率为最多50%。
12.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压玻璃板，其厚度为最多5 mm，特别是4.5 mm，或甚至4 mm。
13.如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压玻璃板，其中所述层压夹层包含至少一个聚乙烯醇缩醛，特别是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的板。
14.用于运输车辆，特别是机动车辆，特别是挡风玻璃或侧窗的玻璃板，其包含如前述权利要求之一中所述的层压玻璃板。
15.如前一权利要求中所述的玻璃板，其中第二玻璃板是内板，打算将其安置在车辆客舱的内部。
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