CN110345374B - 高压罐 - Google Patents

高压罐 Download PDF

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CN110345374B
CN110345374B CN201910265513.8A CN201910265513A CN110345374B CN 110345374 B CN110345374 B CN 110345374B CN 201910265513 A CN201910265513 A CN 201910265513A CN 110345374 B CN110345374 B CN 110345374B
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resin liner
joint
reinforcing layer
resin
liner
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CN110345374A (zh
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大坪弘和
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
    • F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
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    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明的高压罐具备：2个接头；树脂衬里，其在两端部分别覆盖接头的外侧部并固定设置接头；以及CFRP加强层，其形成于树脂衬里的外表面侧，并在树脂衬里的主体部中央固定于树脂衬里，覆盖接头的外侧部的树脂衬里的2个前端部分别从设置于CFRP加强层的两端部的端部开口突出。

Description

高压罐
技术领域
本发明涉及高压罐。
背景技术
针对高压罐的结构进行了各种开发(例如，日本特开2015-17641号公报)。在日本特开2015-17641号公报中记载了在衬里与纤维强化塑料层之间夹设脱模剂层的技术。
在由树脂形成了衬里的情况下，包围衬里的外周的加强层与衬里对于温度变化的收缩率不同，因此特别是收缩时的应力会集中在接头部分。在现有的结构中，若应力集中在接头部分，则存在衬里从接头脱离并收缩的担忧。
发明内容
本公开提供一种即使在衬里的收缩时也会防止应力集中在接头并且不存在衬里从接头脱离的担忧的高压罐。
本公开的具体方式中的高压罐具备：2个接头；树脂衬里，其在两端部分别覆盖接头的外侧部而固定设置接头；以及CFRP加强层，其形成于树脂衬里的外表面侧，并在树脂衬里的主体部中央固定于树脂衬里，覆盖接头的外侧部的树脂衬里的2个前端部分别从设置于CFRP加强层的两端部的端部开口突出。
这样，CFRP加强层和树脂衬里在主体部中央固定，树脂衬里覆盖接头的外侧部并与接头一起从CFRP加强层的端部开口突出，根据该结构，即使树脂衬里收缩，突出部也会与接头一起从端部开口向内侧回缩，因此应力不会集中在接头附近，树脂衬里也不会从接头脱离。
另外，在上述的高压罐中，也可以构成为，接头具有：圆筒部，其贯通CFRP加强层的端部开口；和底部，其在树脂衬里的主体部侧与圆筒部连接，并具有比圆筒部的直径大的直径，底部在外周具有锯齿部。若这样设置锯齿部，则树脂衬里与接头部的接触面积增大，因此能够彼此牢固地一体化形成。即，能够防止在收缩时接头从树脂衬里脱离。另外，在通过纤维缠绕法(FW法)在树脂衬里的外表面侧形成CFRP加强层的情况下，也能够实现缠绕工序的高速化。
根据本公开，能够提供一种即使在衬里的收缩时也会防止应力集中在接头并且不存在衬里从接头脱离的担忧的高压罐。
根据以下的详细描述和附图，将更全面地理解本公开的上述和其他的目的、特征以及优点，附图仅作为示例，因此不应被视为限制本公开。
附图说明
图1是本实施方式所涉及的高压罐的中央剖视图。
图2是表示常温时的高压罐的前端部的状态的剖视图。
图3是表示低温时的高压罐的前端部的状态的剖视图。
图4是接头的立体图。
具体实施方式
图1是本实施方式所涉及的高压罐100的中央剖视图。高压罐100例如用于贮存作为在车载用的燃料电池系统中使用的燃料气体的氢。
高压罐100具备2个接头111和112、分别在两端部固定设置接头111、112的树脂衬里120、以及形成于树脂衬里120的外表面侧的CFRP加强层130。
接头111、112是安装用于向容器内填充气体、或从容器内取出气体的喷嘴的部件，由金属材料形成。树脂衬里120例如是使用尼龙系树脂等对氢气具有气体阻隔性的树脂通过吹塑成型而成型的罐。树脂衬里120由位于中央部的圆筒形状的主体部和分别位于两端部的曲面形状的圆顶部构成。如图示的那样，接头111固定设置于左端的圆顶部的顶点，接头112固定设置于右端的圆顶部的顶点。对于详细的结构会在后面叙述。
CFRP加强层130是采用了碳纤维强化塑料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic)的加强层。CFRP加强层130通过纤维缠绕法(FW法)形成，该纤维缠绕法对树脂衬里120的外表面卷绕预先浸渍了热硬化性树脂的碳纤维而形成。因此，CFRP加强层130整体的形状大致沿着树脂衬里120的外形。即，呈由位于中央部的圆筒形状的主体部和分别位于两端部的曲面形状的圆顶部构成的形状。
树脂衬里120和CFRP加强层130在彼此的主体部中央固定。具体而言，在通过FW法将碳纤维卷绕于树脂衬里120的外表面的阶段，预先将粘接剂涂在树脂衬里120的主体部中央的外表面的一定范围(例如图示的阴影范围)并粘接卷绕的碳纤维，由此使两者固定。树脂衬里120和CFRP加强层130除了该主体部中央的粘接范围之外，不设置彼此固定的部位。
图2是表示常温时的高压罐100的前端部(左端侧)的状态的剖视图。固定设置了接头112的右端侧也一样，因此以左端侧为例详细地进行说明。
在常温时，形成为树脂衬里120的外表面与CFRP加强层130的内周面几乎紧贴的状态。特别是在内部填充了高压气体的状态下，耐压性高的CFRP加强层130按压欲膨胀的树脂衬里120，从而恒定地保持高压罐100的外形。
接头111具有圆筒部111a和与之连续的底部111b。底部111b大致呈圆形，其直径比圆筒部的直径大。
在吹塑成型中将接头111设置于模具，熔融后的树脂进入模具和接头的间隙并包围接头111的周围，由此与树脂衬里120的成型同时地将接头111与树脂衬里120一体化形成。在本实施方式中，如图示那样，树脂以覆盖从接头111的圆筒部111a到底部111b的外侧部的方式进入，由此在树脂衬里120的圆顶部顶点形成有在内侧包围接头111的外侧覆盖部120a。因此，接头111的外侧部不会显露于比树脂衬里120靠表面的位置，也不会与CFRP加强层130直接接触。此外，对于接头111的底部111b，形成有较多地填充树脂的锯齿填充部120b，由此将接头111和树脂衬里120更牢固地一体化形成，对此在后面进行详述。
CFRP加强层130设置有用于使接头111的圆筒部111a向外部突出的端部开口130a。即，CFRP加强层130具有通过设置于圆顶部的顶点部分的端部开口130a而使内部空间与外部空间连通的三维形状。覆盖接头111的外侧部的树脂衬里120的前端部、即外侧覆盖部120a中的覆盖圆筒部111a的部分的前端从CFRP加强层130的端部开口130a突出。此时，端部开口130a的直径比外侧覆盖部120a中的覆盖圆筒部111a的部分的直径稍大。
图3是表示低温时的高压罐100的前端部(左端侧)的状态的剖视图。固定设置了接头112的右端侧也一样，因此以左端侧为例详细地进行说明。
例如，在将高压罐100用于填充在燃料电池车辆中使用的氢气的情况下，在高速行驶时连续地放出大量的氢。此时，因内部的氢绝热膨胀，从而高压罐100急剧地变为低温状态。一般地，与碳纤维强化塑料相比，形成树脂衬里120的树脂对于温度的降低的收缩剧烈。即，与碳纤维强化塑料相比，树脂的每单位温度的收缩率较大。
在温度急剧降低的情况下，若树脂衬里和CFRP加强层整面粘接，则抵抗粘接力地彼此欲分离的力会发挥作用，特别是应力会集中在接头附近。现有的衬里为将接头与其底面紧贴而固定的结构，因此衬里有可能从接头脱离并收缩。
对于本实施方式中的高压罐100而言，如上述的那样，树脂衬里120和CFRP加强层130在彼此的主体部中央固定，在其他部分不固定。另外，树脂衬里120以外侧覆盖部120a在内侧包围接头111的方式固定设置。并且，端部开口130a的直径比外侧覆盖部120a中的覆盖圆筒部111a的部分的直径稍大。
根据这样的结构，在树脂衬里120收缩时，外侧覆盖部120a的突出部与接头111一起从端部开口130a向CFRP加强层130的内侧滑动并回缩。因此，应力不会集中在接头111的附近，树脂衬里120也不会从接头111脱离。另外，树脂衬里120的圆顶部也能够从CFRP加强层130的圆顶部分离，因此应力也不会集中在圆顶部分。
并且，树脂衬里120是作为外侧覆盖部120a而覆盖接头111的外侧部的结构，因此即使外侧覆盖部120a欲收缩，接头111也会从内侧抑制其收缩。总之，树脂衬里120从CFRP加强层130分离的分离量也不会变得那么大。即，即使高压罐100暴露于低温状态，也不会有任何损伤，从而能够维持其功能。
换言之，即使在低温、低压下也能够安全地使用高压罐100，因此能够降低采用该高压罐的例如燃料电池车辆的气体欠缺压力，从而能够延长续航里程。另外，能够取消在现有技术中夹设在树脂衬里与加强层之间的FIPG，因此也有助于成本降低。
图4是接头111的立体图。接头112也是同样的结构，因此省略其说明。
如上述那样，接头111具有：圆筒部111a，其贯通CFRP加强层130的端部开口130a；和底部111b，其在树脂衬里120的主体部侧与圆筒部111a连接，并具有比圆筒部111a的直径大的直径。而且，如图示那样，底部111b在外周以恒定间隔具有锯齿部111c。锯齿部111c是锯齿状的槽。向此处填充树脂衬里120的树脂而形成上述的锯齿填充部120b，由此在底部111b的外周部产生树脂的厚壁部，使接触面积増大，从而使树脂衬里120和接头111牢固地一体化形成。
因此，在树脂衬里120的收缩时，接头111不会偏离或倾斜。另外，包围接头111的外侧覆盖部120a附近的刚性提高，因此能够提高在FW法中卷绕碳纤维的速度。
对以上本实施方式进行了说明，但高压罐100也能够适用于填充氢的用途以外的用途，例如也可以作为填充氧、液氮的罐使用。另外，上述的每一个图示出的形状是一个例子，在不脱离其主旨的范围内能够以各种形状来实现。
根据上述公开内容，本公开的实施例显然能够以各种方式变化。不应将这些变化视为脱离本公开的主旨和范围，并且对于本领域技术人员而言，显而易见的是所有这些变更均包括在所附权利要求的范围内。

Claims (1)

1.一种高压罐，其中，具备：
2个接头；
树脂衬里，其在两端部分别覆盖所述接头的外侧部，从而固定设置所述接头；
粘接剂，其在所述树脂衬里的外表面侧，被仅涂布在所述树脂衬里的主体部的长度方向中央，而未涂布在其他部分；以及
CFRP加强层，其形成于所述树脂衬里的外表面侧，并通过所述粘接剂仅在所述树脂衬里的主体部中央固定于所述树脂衬里，在其他部分未被固定，
覆盖所述接头的外侧部的所述树脂衬里的2个前端部分别从设置于所述CFRP加强层的两端部的端部开口突出，
所述接头具有：圆筒部，其贯通所述CFRP加强层的端部开口；和底部，其在所述树脂衬里的主体部侧与所述圆筒部连接，并具有比所述圆筒部的直径大的直径，
所述底部在外周具有锯齿部，
所述端部开口的直径比所述树脂衬里的覆盖所述圆筒部的部分的直径大，在所述树脂衬里收缩时，所述树脂衬里的从所述CFRP加强层的端部开口突出的部分与所述接头一起从所述端部开口向所述CFRP加强层的内侧滑动并回缩。
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