CN110330642B - 一种荧光标记抗菌性哌嗪聚合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种荧光标记抗菌性哌嗪聚合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗菌材料及其制备方法与应用,具体涉及一种荧光标记抗菌性哌嗪聚合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
目前,常见的抗菌材料主要是由传统的抗生素结构修饰的有机抗菌剂或无机抗菌剂,但是,随着细菌耐药性的不断增强和有效抗生素的逐渐减少,研发出一种与传统的以抗生素为基础的抗菌材料不同的新型抗菌材料十分重要。
现有的抗菌材料主要分为三大类:天然抗菌材料、无机抗菌材料和有机抗菌材料。天然抗菌材料来自于动物和植物体,可以通过对自然物质分离、提纯等操作得到。该类材料易于生物相容,环境友好程度高,并且具有低毒性等优点。但是其提取过程耗资较多,且稳定性不好,存在抗菌种类较少、效率较低、效果不明显等问题。无机抗菌材料作为一种较新的抗菌材料,大致可分为含金属离子型和光催化金属氧化物型两种,其具备抑菌领域广、在高温环境下效果较好并且长时间使用仍然对菌体有效等优势,但也存在一定缺陷,例如产品生产工艺复杂、生产成本较高且稳定性较差等缺点。有机抗菌材料根据抗菌有效成分的分子结构类型可以分为低分子抗菌材料和高分子抗菌材料两个类别。种类丰富,运用范围广,抗菌效果明显,使用技术较为成熟是有机抗菌材料的优势,但有机抗菌材料存在毒性强、易分解且容易使细菌产生耐药性等问题。
因此,开发一种抗菌性好、毒性小、稳定性高、应用范围广泛的新型抗菌材料,是医疗卫生行业的迫切需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种荧光标记抗菌性哌嗪聚合物,以解决现有抗菌材料毒性强、稳定性差等问题。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种荧光标记抗菌性哌嗪聚合物,其结构式为:
一种荧光标记抗菌性哌嗪聚合物的制备方法,合成路线如下:
S-PEG-800的合成路线为:
7-N,N-二乙氨基-3-醛基香豆素的合成路线为:
本发明的荧光标记抗菌性哌嗪聚合物具有良好的抑菌性、较低的细胞毒性和优秀的荧光性质,这是其作为新型的抗菌材料,不仅在原有的抑菌性能上表现优异,而且毒性低,还具有荧光标记和示踪的功能,可广泛用于细胞、细菌方面的研究,这在新型抗菌材料的研发上具有十分深远的意义。
附图说明
图1为PC的红外谱图。
图2为PC的1H核磁谱图。
图3为不同PC浓度下大肠杆菌的生长曲线图。
图4为不同PC浓度下金黄色葡萄球菌生长曲线图。
图5为加入不同浓度PC的细胞生存率柱状图。
图6为PC的紫外吸收光谱图。
图7为PC的荧光光图。
图8为不同浓度PC在活细胞内的荧光强度。
图9为加入PC的活细胞荧光强度变化曲线。
图10为光漂白图像,图中区域1为光漂白区域、区域2为荧光对比区域、区域3为背景区域。
图11为区域1、区域2和区域3的荧光强度变化曲线。
图12为活细胞在线24h长时程观测细胞生长状况图。
图13为细胞AM-PI双染色法实验结果,图中,a为24h空白对照组明场图,b为24h染色荧光图,c为72h空白对照组明场图,d为72h染色荧光图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述,在下述实施例中未详细描述的过程和方法是本领域公知的常规方法,实施例中所用原料或试剂除另有说明外均为市售品,可通过商业渠道购得。
实施例1
单体S-PEG-800的合成
将分子量为800的PEG(0.800 g, 1 mmol)和丁二酸酐(2.500 g, 2.5 mmol)加入到50 mL圆底烧瓶中并在80℃下搅拌反应48 h。用乙酸乙酯溶解产物并在乙醚中沉淀三次,在40℃下真空干燥12 h 得到白色固体。
单体7-N,N-二乙氨基-3-醛基香豆素的合成
(1)7-N,N-二乙氨基香豆素的合成:将4-(二乙基氨基)水杨醛(1.93g,10mmol)溶于40.0mL乙醇中,加入丙二酸二乙酯(3.12mL,20mmol)和哌啶(1mL,10mmol);搅拌反应混合物并加热回流过夜,通过TLC监测反应。减压除去溶剂,然后加入浓HCl(20.0mL)和冰醋酸(20.0mL)进行水解并再搅拌6小时,将溶液冷却并倒入100mL冰水中;加入40%NaOH溶液以将溶液的pH调节至~7,向溶液中加入30.0mL二氯甲烷,用水(3×10.0mL)洗涤有机层,用MgSO4干燥,然后真空浓缩,通过柱色谱法用乙酸乙酯/己烷(1:3)纯化粗产物,得化合物1。
(2)7-N,N-二乙氨基-3-醛基香豆素的合成:将干燥的DMF(2.14mL,27.79mmol)在50℃下在N2气氛下滴加到POCl3(2.18mL,23.16mmol)中并搅拌30分钟,得到红色溶液;将化合物1(2.01g,9.26mmol,溶于10.0mL DMF)滴加到该溶液中;将混合物在70℃下搅拌12小时,然后倒入100mL冰水中,加入20%NaOH溶液以将混合物的pH调节至7,将粗产物用30.0mL乙酸乙酯稀释,有机层用水(3×10.0mL)洗涤,用MgSO4干燥,然后真空浓缩,通过柱色谱法用乙酸乙酯/己烷(1:2)纯化粗产物,得化合物2。
荧光标记抗菌性哌嗪聚合物(PC)的合成
以羧基双封端的S-PEG-800为例,将1,4双-(3-氨丙基)哌嗪(0.208 g, 1 mmol)、苯甲醛(0.194 g, 1.8mmol)、7-N,N-二乙氨基-3-醛基香豆素(0.049 g, 0.2 mmol)和4 mL甲醇加入到25 mL 圆底烧瓶中,将反应体系在室温下搅拌反应1 h,然后将S-PEG-800(1.634 g, 1 mmol)加入到上述反应体系中室温反应1 h,再加入叔丁基异腈(0.169 g, 2mmol),继续搅拌48 h。为了得到纯净的聚合物,将聚合物水溶液用1000 Da 的透析膜在去离子水中透析两天,每隔4小时换一次水,将透析后的聚合物水溶液倒入烧杯放入冰箱冷冻,最后冷冻干燥,得到白色固体粉末,即为目标产物PC。
对所得产物进行结构表征,结果如图1-2所示。
图1为PC的红外谱图,聚合物链上的酰胺键中N-H的伸缩振动峰出现在3193 cm -1 处,酰胺键中C=O伸缩振动峰为1678 cm -1 ;1733 cm -1 处的特征峰为酯键上C=O伸缩振动峰,2871 cm -1 处为聚酰胺中饱和C-H的特征峰,由于在聚酰胺主链中重复单元链段(-OCH2CH2-)的含量相对较高,所以在1105 cm -1 处的吸收峰强度最强。
图2为PC在CDCl3中的1H核磁谱图,1.13 ppm处的化学位移可归因于来自7-N,N-二乙氨基-3-醛基香豆素中a的-CH3-处质子吸收,1.30 ppm处的吸收峰对应于来自叔丁基中b的-CH3-处质子吸收,δ=1.40-1.75 ppm处的化学位移可归因于来自1,4-双(3-氨丙基)哌嗪中c、d处-CH2-的质子吸收峰,此外,重复单元-OCH2CH2-上k、j处-CH2-的质子吸收出现在3.54-3.65 ppm处,PEG片段的相对高含量,导致其吸收峰的强度最高,δ=7.20-7.35 ppm处为苯甲醛上r、s处-CH-的质子吸收,7.70 ppm处的吸收峰来自7-N,N-二乙氨基-3-醛基香豆素中t处的-CH-处质子吸收峰。
通过上述FTIR与1H NMR的数据,证明我们得到了目标聚合物PC。所得目标聚合物PC的分子量Mn=2.76×104 g/mol。
实施例2:抑菌性实验
(1)细菌培养
配备LB液体培养基:称为氯化钠2 g,酵母提取物1 g,胰蛋白胨2 g,加入已消毒的250 ml圆锥形瓶,再加入180 ml去离子水,放入振荡器振荡中完全溶解。全部融化后,再用1mol/L 的氢氧化钠调pH值到7.2,最后进行定容。定容后灭菌,再置于4℃环境条件下保存。
将冻存的大肠杆菌(E.coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)分别在无菌环境下在斜面上进行复苏,然后进行传代培养。将10 ml左右的LB液体培养基加到小锥形瓶中,高温高压灭菌,灭菌后在超净台上冷却。在超净台中用接种针从斜面上取适量细菌放入LB液体培养基中,并在37℃,150 rpm/min 的条件下培养16-18小时后进行镜检,检测细菌是否被污染。
(2)细菌生长曲线测定
本实验使用Bioscreen多功能微生物生长自动培养分析仪研究PC的抑菌性能。
首先取生长状况良好的大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,用LB培养液将OD600值调为0.1,制备细菌菌悬液,然后用50 ml LB培养液与1 ml 菌悬液混合,分别加入到100孔蜂窝板上,每种菌落各占一半的蜂窝板,最后分别加入PC使其浓度最终为0 mg/ml、1 mg/ml、5mg/ml、10 mg/ml、20 mg/ml、50 mg/ml ,每个样品加3个孔,加完试剂后置于仪器中,设置好培养所需温度和其他相关参数,开始测量。总时间为72h,每次测定之间的间隔为1h。再分别以时间和OD值为横纵坐标进行作图,所得的曲线即为加入PC的细菌在实验条件下的生长曲线,结果如图3和4所示。
通过生长曲线可以看出,当加入PC的浓度为50 mg/ml 时,大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长均受到明显的抑制,对大肠杆菌的抑制作用更强。
实施例3:细胞毒性实验。
(1)细胞培养
本实验采用的细胞为Hela细胞(人体宫颈癌细胞),采购于北京协和细胞资源中心,将细胞在含有10% 胎牛血清的DMEM培养液中培养,并在37℃、5%二氧化碳的细胞培养箱中培养。细胞培养期间应定时的更换培养液,一般更换时间为1~2天,当观察到细胞生长密度达到80%时,应及时进行传代,传代前应先用0.05%的胰蛋白酶进行消化,再进行分瓶传代。
(2)MTT测定
取生长到对数期的Hela细胞,使其经胰酶消化后吹打制备成细胞悬液,以密度为2×104个/mL 接种到96孔板中,每孔180 μL,并将其置于37℃、5%的二氧化碳条件下,在细胞培养室中培养。待细胞生长良好且贴壁后,更换培养液,分别加入含有1 μg/ml、5 μg/ml、25 μg/ml、50 μg/ml、100 μg/ml PC浓度的新鲜培养液,每孔100 μL,重复3孔,并设置加等体积培养液的空白孔作对照组,分别培育24h、48h和72h。之后每孔加入20 μL新配制的MTT溶液(5 mg/mL),然后在培养箱中培养3~4h,培养后吸去培养液,每孔添加150 μL 的二甲基亚砜,随后用振荡器微震5~10 min,混匀后于波长为 490 nm 的酶标仪下测定吸光度并计算细胞存活率,结果见图5。
空白对照组没有加入PC,认为细胞活力为100%,在培育24h、48h、72h后,从图中可以发现,当PC浓度为1 μg/ml、5 μg/ml、25 μg/ml、50 μg/ml、100 μg/ml 时,细胞生存率均在87%以上,由此可说明聚合物PC不会对细胞产生明显的毒性。综上所述,哌嗪类聚合物PC的细胞毒性小。
实施例4:荧光性质分析
将实施例1制得的聚合物PC配置成浓度为1×10-5 μg/ml 的溶液,用紫外可见分光光度计和荧光分光光度计测定PC的紫外最大吸收波长、最大激发波长和最大发射波长,绘制PC的紫外吸收光谱图和荧光光谱图,如图6、图7。测试结果显示,聚合物PC的紫外最大吸收波长λmax为405 nm,最大激发波长λex为420 nm,最大发射波长λem为492 nm,具有良好的荧光性质。
实施例5:活细胞成像实验
(1)活细胞内荧光强度实验
HeLa细胞发展到对数期,用0.05%的胰蛋白酶消化,再打成细胞悬液,以2-3×104个/mL 的密度接种于共聚焦小皿内,体积为1 ml,然后置于37℃、5%二氧化碳的细胞培养箱中培养,使细胞贴壁生长。培养24h后,分别在小皿中加入PC浓度为10 μg/ml、20 μg/ml、50μg/ml 的新鲜培养液,不加任何化合物组为空白对照,在培养箱中孵育30 min,用PBS缓冲溶液洗涤3次,更换新的培养液,利用激光共聚焦显微镜进行实验。测试条件如下:激发波长:405 nm,发射波长:410-515 nm,Gain值:759。
测试结果如图8所示,由图8可以看出,聚合物PC进入了细胞,并且随着PC浓度的增大,荧光强度显著增强,证明了PC具有较好的荧光性能。
(2)活细胞内荧光稳定性实验
HeLa细胞培养方法同上。培养24h后,分别在小皿加入100 μg/ml 浓度的PC溶液,不加任何化合物组为空白对照,孵育1h。用PBS缓冲溶液洗涤3次,更换新的培养液,用激光共聚焦显微镜进行实验,共拍摄15 min,每30秒拍一次照。测试条件如下:激发波长:405nm,发射波长:410-515 nm,Gain值:681。
测试结果如图9所示,由图9可以看出,加入了聚合物PC的活细胞在持续照射15min后,依然可以看到较为强烈的荧光,且15 min内荧光强度从139降低到120左右,荧光强度变化不大,证明聚合物PC的荧光稳定性较强。
(3)活细胞内PC的分子流动性实验
HeLa细胞培养方法同上。培养24h后,加入100 μg/ml 的PC溶液,孵育30 min后用PBS洗涤3次后更换新的培养液,利用激光共聚焦显微镜成像。测试条件如下:激发波长:405nm,发射波长:410-515 nm,Gain值:648。对加入PC的活细胞区域1进行光漂白,并观察其荧光恢复情况(以未漂白的荧光区域做对比,如图10所示)。
通过对两个区域的荧光强度进行检测,得到图11所示的荧光强度变化曲线。由曲线图可以看出,在经过光漂白后的区域荧光强度下降,但在一定时间内,其荧光强度有显著恢复,由此可以看出,哌嗪类聚合物PC的分子在活细胞内具有良好的流动性。
(4)活细胞在线长时程观测实验
HeLa细胞培养方法同上。培养24h后,加入100 μg/ml 的PC溶液,孵育30 min后用PBS洗涤3次后更换新的培养液,利用激光共聚焦显微镜进行24h在线长时程观测,观察细胞生长状况,观测时每10 min拍一次照。测试条件如下:激发波长:405 nm,发射波长:410-515nm,Gain值:697。结果如图12所示。
由图12可以看出,加入PC后的Hela细胞的细胞活动没有受到PC样品的影响,还可以进行分裂和生长,因此可以看出PC对Hela细胞的毒性较小,不影响其正常的生命活动。并且从长时程的观察中可以看出,在24h内,活细胞中一直可以观测到荧光,但由于焦平面不同的问题,荧光较为模糊。
(5)细胞AM-PI双染色法实验
HeLa细胞培养方法同上。培养24h和72h后,加入100 μg/ml 浓度的PC溶液,再向小皿中加入5 μg/ml 的钙黄绿素AM和5 μg/ml 碘化丙啶PI对细胞进行染色,孵育30min后用PBS清洗3次,更换新的培养液后进行拍摄。
PI只能染色细胞核中的DNA,但PI不能通过活细胞膜,只能通过破损细胞的细胞膜进而对细胞核染色,PI进入细胞核后会嵌入DNA的双螺旋中并发出红色荧光,所以PI只能染色死细胞。AM有很强的亲脂性,可以自由的进入活细胞的细胞膜,并在活细胞内发生酯酶反应,产生强绿色的荧光基团,所以AM只在活细胞中染色。
测试条件如下:染料AM:激发波长:488 nm,发射波长:500-580 nm;染料PI:激发波长:561 nm;发射波长:550-620 nm,Gain值:758。
结果如图13所示,由图13可以看出,24h和72h的细胞绝大部分均为绿色,所以绝大部分均为活细胞,由此我们可以得出结论,聚合物PC的细胞毒性较小,不影响细胞正常生命活动。
Claims (7)
6.权利要求1所述的荧光标记抗菌性哌嗪聚合物在抗菌材料中的应用。
7.权利要求1所述的荧光标记抗菌性哌嗪聚合物在荧光标记材料中的应用。
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