CN110317664A - 一种高润滑性低异味的冷轧轧制油 - Google Patents

一种高润滑性低异味的冷轧轧制油 Download PDF

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CN110317664A
CN110317664A CN201810272608.8A CN201810272608A CN110317664A CN 110317664 A CN110317664 A CN 110317664A CN 201810272608 A CN201810272608 A CN 201810272608A CN 110317664 A CN110317664 A CN 110317664A
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peculiar smell
oil
lubricity
cold rolling
rolling oil
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CN110317664B (zh
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王康健
瞿培磊
郑涛
李山青
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,按质量百分比主要包含如下成分:40‑90%的高粘度润滑合成酯,0.5‑2.5%的表面活性剂,0.2‑2%的防锈剂,2.0‑6.5%的极压抗磨剂,0.5‑1.5%的抗氧化添加剂;余量为深度精制矿物油;所述高粘度润滑合成酯为:40℃条件下,运动粘度达到80mm2/s‑1以上的合成酯。本发明可以从源头上将冷轧机组乳化液的异味进行长期有效的控制,同时还能保证生产过程的润滑性未降低。

Description

一种高润滑性低异味的冷轧轧制油
技术领域
本发明涉及钢铁冷轧生产过程用的轧制油,更具体地涉及一种兼具高润滑性及低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油及其使用方法。
背景技术
现代化的钢铁冷轧生产过程中,通常为起到润滑、降低磨损、清洁和防锈的作用,采用乳化液喷射向轧辊辊缝和带材表面,乳化液内的轧制油进入轧制变形区后,首先依附于轧辊和带材的表面,形成薄薄的润滑油膜,起润滑、防锈作用,而水分又能带走轧制过程中的变形热和摩擦热,起到冷却的作用。通常的冷轧乳化液是将1-3%的轧制油和97-99%的水按照质量百分比混合后的化学产物。
由于冷轧过程带钢会产生巨大的热量,使用乳化液的喷射量也较大(通常>20m3/h),在带钢发热和高压喷嘴雾化的作用下,乳化液内轧制油及水被分散成细颗粒,随着轧机顶部的抽风设备排出烟囱,由于乳化液内含有少量的轧制油本身含有一定刺激性的气味;此外,由于乳化液在长期的使用过程中,在钢铁元素的催化作用下,其内的轧制油化学成分在细菌、高温共同影响下,会发生缓慢的生化变化,混合共同作用下散发出特殊的刺激性气味;通常在轧机生产时顶部的排风烟囱内的臭气浓度在1000左右,此时烟囱四周会明显感觉出刺激性的异味,严重时会被附近工作生活的个人所感受到,根据国家的环保标准,此类行为是应受到严格监控的。
对于各类的“异味”检测,可以采用国标(GB/T 14675-93)“三点比较式臭代法”测量得到一个“臭气浓度”的相关无量纲值,通常冷轧的乳化液排放臭气浓度大致在500-1500之间,按照相应环保标准此类冷轧乳化液异味的控制值要在1000以下。由于前面所述的,乳化液异味会通过烟囱附近的气流在天气条件等作用到四周,客观上难以控制,因此对乳化液异味散发的控制,首要是异味源头的轧制油的异味必须降低。
通常轧制油中的异味来源主要,首先是轧制油内的植物动物油脂,此类油脂在采集、炼制和存放过程中本身含有较刺激性气味;其次,是轧制油为了保证润滑性,会使用各类含有硫化合物的试剂,这些物质本身含有硫磺及硫化合物的臭味,在使用过程中会散发极端的刺激性气味。这两大类的化学物质,在生产过程中主要起到润滑的作用,同时可以有效保护带钢和轧辊的表面质量不发生划伤缺陷,尤其在现有钢铁的产品强度越来越高,各类高强钢冷轧产品层出不穷,对冷轧生产过程中润滑性提出了更高要求。因此降低轧制油异味且同时保证生产的需求是非常难的事情。
在相关的技术领域进行检索查新,主要发现有如下的一些高润滑性及乳化液异味去除措施及轧制油优化技术:
CN201510386111.5,纯阳离子带钢冷轧油,此技术为了保证生产的润滑性,使用了硫化烯烃、硫化脂肪酸酯、硫化猪油、棉籽油等,这些物质均含有大量硫化物,虽然可以保证生产的润滑性,但附带地,总会引起轧制油的气味非常强烈。
CN201610596116.5,高润滑轧制油组合物及其用途,此专利文献提出了为了提升润滑性能,在轧制油中使用二烷基二硫代磷酸锌盐、十八烷基硫磷酸锌、硫化烯烃、硫化动物油、烷基硫化物或硫磷酸钼中的一种或组合物,同样地,此类富含大量硫化物的使用也会引起润滑性的提升,但轧制油的气味也同步显著提升。
CN201510362873.1,一种冷轧乳化液异味气体净化装置和方法,此技术采用技术将乳化液内富含异味的轧制油等物质进行过滤或离心收集的处理去除,得到较低异味的气体,然后再将富含铁、锰元素的催化剂进一步分解气体中的异味化学物质,此技术的优点在于通用性强,可以广泛处理各类乳化液,且处理效果好,但由于使用极专业的催化剂,整体的技术经济性较低,不宜大面积推广使用。
CN201610173105.7,一种含纳米二硫化钼的水基金属加工润滑液及其制备方法,主要使用了各类水溶的润滑化合物,如三乙醇胺、水性聚丙烯酸钠、硅烷偶联剂和双乙酸钠等物质,然后再使用纳米二硫化钼粉末作为冷轧润滑剂,由于此技术完全采用了水溶性的物质,因此可以避免传统冷轧乳化液的异味问题,但由于此类物质中采用了固体纳米二硫化钼颗粒,其在带钢残留后会影响后续的带钢涂层性能,因此应用推广较难。
CN201280012958.1,一种人工合成的有效掩盖异味的化合物,主要是1-(2-羟基苯基)-3-(吡啶-4-基)丙-1-酮/盐等,这类物质虽然有着较好的气味遮掩作用,但价格较为贵,用于冷轧油内还会显著影响轧制油的润滑性,因此也不宜大面积推广。
综上所述,现有的技术方案针对冷轧轧制油的润滑性提升及乳化液的异味消除,主要通过硫化合物的使用,这就会增加异味消除的难度,而需要依靠排放气体做后处理,而对于各类能够消除冷轧乳化液异味的化学试剂,则应用在冷轧过程中会存在成本高,影响生产性能的问题,在轧制油自身的成分优化方面减少异味的产生没有专门的阐述。
发明内容
因此,本发明要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种高润滑、低异味、成本低的轧制油。
本发明的技术方案是,一种高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,按质量百分比主要包含如下成分:
40-90%的高粘度润滑合成酯,0.5-2.5%的表面活性剂,0.2-2%的防锈剂,2.0-6.5%的极压抗磨剂,0.5-1.5%的抗氧化添加剂;余量为深度精制矿物油;所述高粘度润滑合成酯为:40℃条件下,运动粘度达到80mm2/s-1以上的合成酯。
根据本发明的高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,优选的是,所述高粘度润滑合成酯选自氢化蓖麻油硬脂酸酯,蓖麻油酸季戊四醇酯中的一种或两种。
根据本发明的高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,优选的是,所述的表面活性剂为含有环氧乙烷聚合物结构的非离子乳化剂,阳离子乳化剂的组合物。
进一步地,所述的非离子乳化剂为烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯聚合物、聚氧丙烯聚合物、甘油聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或一种以上;所述的阳离子乳化剂为十二烷基磺基甜菜碱、牛油胺聚氧乙烯醚、椰子油胺聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵中的一种或一种以上。
根据本发明的高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,优选的是,所述的防锈剂为碳原子数在14及以上的各类脂肪酸,苯并三氮唑中的一种或组合物。防锈剂可以单用脂肪酸(单用脂肪酸时,可以选择一种或者多种),单用苯并三氮唑,也可以脂肪酸和苯并三氮唑一起使用。
根据本发明的高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,优选的是,所述的极压抗磨剂为各类磷酸酯及磷酸芳胺化合物中的一种或多种混合物。
根据本发明的高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,优选的是,所述的抗氧化剂为2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚、叔丁基对苯二酚中的一种或组合物。
根据本发明的高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,优选的是,所述的深度精制矿物油为三类加氢异构化基础矿物油。该矿物油其产品纯度高且产品经过精制加工后含硫量更低,避免了由于硫系化合物所导致的异味。
根据上面所述的冷轧轧制油,主要有如下的一些特点使其在具有高润滑性的同时还能及时控制轧制油本身的异味散发:
1、本发明中避免了天然油脂的使用,使得各类动物油和植物油自身富含的味道降低到最少,且由于动物、植物油在自然环境中易于受到细菌的腐蚀散发恶臭的问题也得到了改善。
2、完全必满了使用硫化合物,避免了硫化合物自身附带的刺激性气味,同时,为了弥补可能对润滑性的弱化,使用了高润滑、低气味性的磷酸酯及磷酸芳胺物质进行替代。
3、通过大量使用高粘度的合成酯,由于合成酯的基本无味特性,使得轧制过程既可以降低异味产生,又通过高粘度的特性使得冷轧润滑性得以改善,同时避免了轧制油在较高的温度下挥发有利于异味的产生。
4、非离子/阳离子乳化剂的使用,利用非离子乳化剂的性质显著提升乳化液的稳定性,避免在生产过程中乳化液分层析出轧制油散发异味,同时阳离子乳化剂的使用可以利用自身技术特性,抑制细菌在繁殖,起到间接降低减弱异味的发生的目的。
综合上述各项措施可以从源头上将冷轧机组乳化液的异味进行长期有效的控制,同时还能保证生产过程的润滑性不至得到降低。
具体实施方式
本发明的技术方案下提出了具有高润滑性及低异味特性的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,其具体实施案例为:
实施例1
高粘度润滑合成酯:氢化蓖麻油硬脂酸酯60%;
表面活性剂:壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚1.5%,牛油胺聚氧乙烯醚1%;
防锈剂:硬脂酸1%;
极压抗磨剂:磷酸芳胺5%;
抗氧化添加剂:2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚1.5%;
余下:三类加氢异构化基础矿物油30%;
采用以上的冷轧轧制油,在实际生产过程中的臭气浓度可以控制在170以下,实际生产过程的轧制力可以比传统冷轧轧制油在同等工况下使用,降低2-5%左右。
实施例2
高粘度润滑合成酯:蓖麻油酸季戊四醇酯40%;
表面活性剂:环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷聚合物1%,椰子油胺聚氧乙烯醚1.5%;
防锈剂:油酸1%,苯并三氮唑0.5%;
极压抗磨剂:磷酸三甲苯酚酯5%
抗氧化添加剂:2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚2%
余下:三类加氢异构化基础矿物油50%;
采用以上的冷轧轧制油,在实际生产过程中的臭气浓度可以控制在230以下,实际生产过程的轧制力可以比传统冷轧轧制油在同等工况下使用,降低2-3%左右。
实施例3
高粘度润滑合成酯:氢化蓖麻油硬脂酸酯25%,蓖麻油酸季戊四醇酯25%;
表面活性剂:辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚1.8%,十二烷基磺基甜菜碱0.6%;
防锈剂:硬脂酸1.6%,
极压抗磨剂:磷酸三甲苯酚酯5%
抗氧化添加剂:叔丁基对苯二酚3%
余下:三类加氢异构化基础矿物油38%。
采用以上的冷轧轧制油,在实际生产过程中的臭气浓度可以控制在170以下,实际生产过程的轧制力可以比传统冷轧轧制油在同等工况下使用,降低3-7%左右。
实施例4
高粘度润滑合成酯:氢化蓖麻油硬脂酸酯35%,蓖麻油酸季戊四醇酯35%;
表面活性剂:辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚0.5%,椰子油胺聚氧乙烯醚1.5%;
防锈剂:硬脂酸1%,
极压抗磨剂:磷酸三甲苯酚酯4.5%
抗氧化添加剂:2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚1.5%,叔丁基对苯二酚1%
余下:三类加氢异构化基础矿物油20%。
采用以上的冷轧轧制油,在实际生产过程中的臭气浓度可以控制在130以下,实际生产过程的轧制力可以比传统冷轧轧制油在同等工况下使用,降低3-8%左右。
将上述实施例的轧制油配制成生产所用乳化液应用于现场,实现原理较为简单,不需要对现有的生产操作环境进行变更,也无需对现有的设备进行改造或升级,有效地控制了轧制油及乳化液在生产时的异味散发。同时还可以有效保证轧制过程的润滑性,不会对现有钢铁产品的轧制产生任何显著的影响,具有较高的使用价值。

Claims (8)

1.一种高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,其特征在于:按质量百分比主要包含如下成分:
40-90%的高粘度润滑合成酯,0.5-2.5%的表面活性剂,0.2-2%的防锈剂,2.0-6.5%的极压抗磨剂,0.5-1.5%的抗氧化添加剂;余量为深度精制矿物油;所述高粘度润滑合成酯为:40℃条件下,运动粘度达到80mm2/s-1以上的合成酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,其特征在于:所述高粘度润滑合成酯选自氢化蓖麻油硬脂酸酯,蓖麻油酸季戊四醇酯中的一种或两种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,其特征在于:所述的表面活性剂为含有环氧乙烷聚合物结构的非离子乳化剂,阳离子乳化剂的组合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,其特征在于:所述的非离子乳化剂为烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯聚合物、聚氧丙烯聚合物、甘油聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或一种以上;所述的阳离子乳化剂为十二烷基磺基甜菜碱、牛油胺聚氧乙烯醚、椰子油胺聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵中的一种或一种以上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,其特征在于:所述的防锈剂为碳原子数在14及以上的各类脂肪酸,苯并三氮唑中的一种或组合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,其特征在于:所述的极压抗磨剂为各类磷酸酯及磷酸芳胺化合物中的一种或多种混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,其特征在于:所述的抗氧化剂为2,6-二叔丁基对甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚、叔丁基对苯二酚中的一种或组合物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高润滑性低异味的钢铁冷轧用轧制油,其特征在于:所述的深度精制矿物油为三类加氢异构化基础矿物油。
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