CN110301384B - Pearl cultivation method for massively produced pearl mussels - Google Patents
Pearl cultivation method for massively produced pearl mussels Download PDFInfo
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- CN110301384B CN110301384B CN201910667420.8A CN201910667420A CN110301384B CN 110301384 B CN110301384 B CN 110301384B CN 201910667420 A CN201910667420 A CN 201910667420A CN 110301384 B CN110301384 B CN 110301384B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
- A61D1/00—Surgical instruments for veterinary use
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pearl culturing method for mass production of pearl mussels, which belongs to the field of freshwater culture, can realize scientific management of pearl culture, adopts a special magnetic nucleus-sucking device to carry out nucleus-planting operation from the nucleus-sending operation on one hand, simplifies the complicated traditional operation steps, obviously improves the survival rate of the operated mussels, simultaneously reduces the damage to the operated mussels to the minimum, provides a good growth environment for pearl culture, is easy to obtain pearls with uniform shape, large volume and excellent appearance, adopts the means of disinfection, periodic water pumping circulation, cleaning and the like from the living environment of mother mussels on the other hand, obviously reduces the morbidity of the pearl mussels, further improves the survival rate and the pearl spitting rate of the pearl mussels, adopts culture treatment materials to carry out pretreatment on a water body, regularly puts in baits and monitors the temperature of the water body, and further adopts the measures of disinfection, the culture treatment materials to carry out pretreatment on the water body, Dissolved oxygen, PH and the like, and ensures a good production environment for the pearl mussel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of freshwater aquaculture, in particular to a pearl culturing method for massively produced pearl mussels.
Background
Pearl is a colorful, glittering and translucent, rare and rare ornament, is deeply popular with people, and can be processed and refined into various ornaments such as necklaces, bracelets, ornaments and the like. The pearl is rich in amino acids and various trace elements, so that the pearl is a rare traditional Chinese medicine and has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, calming the nerves and arresting convulsion, improving eyesight and relieving pain, astringing and promoting granulation.
The pearl has the scores of natural pearl and cultured pearl, more than 90% of the pearl on the market at present is artificially cultured pearl, the cultured pearl has the scores of sea pearl and fresh water pearl, with the increasing of the population number in the world, the consumption of marine pearl products is continuously increased, at present, the natural pearl is few, as such, the development of cultured pearl becomes one of the key points of various countries, Japan has a mature pearl culture technology, China needs to strengthen learning, provides technical support for the more rapid and healthy development of the aquaculture industry in China, the yield of the fresh water pearl in China is the top of the world, but the quality is not ideal, at present, the number of young clams cultured in China each year is nearly hundreds of millions, the number of the cultured pearl clams can reach 5-8, but because of the death of the disease of the mussels, the yield of the commodity pearl clams and the pearl can be more than one time higher than the current pearl every year.
The pearl is divided into a nucleated pearl and a non-nucleated pearl, wherein the nucleated pearl is generally a seawater pearl, and the nucleated pearl indicates that other substances exist in the pearl, so that the pearl layer is thinner and is generally round compared with the non-nucleated pearl with the same size; a seedless pearl generally refers to a fresh water pearl which is generally not very round and can have a waist line. Pearls with the same size and similar color are expensive without a nucleus, and nucleated pearls are generally seawater pearls. The mantle of mussel is stimulated by the invasion of foreign matter (sand, parasite), the epidermal cells of the stimulated part take the foreign matter as nucleus and sink into the connective tissue of the mantle, the sunk epidermal cells of the mantle divide automatically to form pearl sac, the pearl sac cells secrete nacre, and the nucleus is coated by a layer of the pearl sac cells to form the pearl. The nucleus of the foreign matter is called "nucleated pearl". The artificial nucleus pearl is produced by cutting off small living epithelial cell from the mantle of pearl-breeding clam, implanting the small cell into the connective tissue of the mantle of the pearl clam together with the artificial nucleus prepared from clam shell, and proliferating around the artificial nucleus to form pearl sac and secrete nacre.
However, in the prior art, the artificial nucleated pearl mainly shows the processes of nucleus insertion operation and cultivation in the aspect of success rate of pearl cultivation, when the nucleus insertion operation is performed, a channel needle is directly inserted into the epidermis at the incision to poke a channel in the nucleus position direction, then a nucleus feeder is used for feeding the nucleus into the nucleus position along the channel, when the channel needle is directly inserted into the epidermis to poke the channel, the tissue in the epidermis is already damaged, meanwhile, the guiding direction error of a channel guide needle held by the operation can cause the poke channel to puncture the epidermis to cause the operation failure, even if the epidermis of the channel is intact, the inserted nucleus aggravates the wound of the tissue in the epidermis, and particularly when the inserted nucleus does not reach the nucleus position shallowly, the nucleus is easy to drop out and the cell small pieces flow out; when the inserted nucleus enters the nucleus deeper, the nucleus seriously extrudes the organs of the soft body part to cause the death of the operating mussel; in addition, the morbidity and mortality of the pearl mussels are greatly increased due to the lack of scientific and effective management in the breeding process of the pearl mussels.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a pearl culturing method for massively producing pearl mussels, which can realize scientific management of pearl culture, on one hand, a special magnetic nucleus-sucking nucleus-sending device is adopted for nucleus-planting operation from the nucleus-sending operation, the complicated traditional operation steps are simplified, the survival rate of the operated mussels is obviously improved, meanwhile, the damage to the operated mussels is reduced to the minimum, a good growth environment is provided for pearl culture, pearls with uniform shape, large volume and excellent appearance are easy to obtain, on the other hand, the measures of disinfection, periodic water pumping circulation, cleaning and the like are adopted from the living environment of mother mussels, the morbidity of the pearl mussels is obviously reduced, the survival rate and the pearl spitting rate of the pearl mussels are improved, on the other hand, culture treatment materials are adopted for pretreatment of a water body, and bait is regularly thrown and monitors the temperature, dissolved oxygen amount and the water body temperature and the dissolved oxygen amount, PH and the like, and ensures a good production environment for the pearl mussel.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A pearl culturing method for massively producing pearl mussels comprises the following steps:
step one, cultivation pretreatment: digging a pearl culturing pond, a water storage pond and a sewage pond, draining accumulated water 15-20 days before the pearl mussel is hung, removing peripheral waterweeds and ridge-side dryland, disinfecting with quicklime, standing for 3-5 days, filling with fresh water with the water depth of 1.5-2.5m, keeping the fresh water fresh and free of pollution, planting submerged waterweeds in the water storage pond, and putting celestite blocks, zinc-blende blocks and manganite blocks 15-20 kg per mu;
step two, selecting pearl mussels: selecting robust pearl mussels with 2-3 months old, complete shells, no damage, full soft bodies in the shells, no harm and the like, and hanging the pearl mussels in a pearl culture pond according to the density of 800 plus 1200 per mu by using a net cage;
step three, nucleus implantation in operation: grinding shells or organic glass into spherical pearl nuclei with the diameter of 6-8mm, attaching cell sheets to the lower parts of the pearl nuclei along the circumference of the pearl nuclei, implanting the pearl nuclei provided with the cell sheets into the pallium of the pearl mussel by a special magnetic nucleus feeding device, and transferring the pearl nuclei into a pearl culturing pool;
step four, cultivation management: selecting clear weather in 4-9 months per year, regularly throwing biological baits into the culture pond according to the standard of 2-3 times per month, wherein the feeding amount is 25-30 kg/mu each time, regularly throwing the biological baits into the culture pond according to the standard of 1-2 times per month in other months, the feeding amount is 20-25 kg/mu each time, throwing a water adjusting agent into the culture pond within 2 days after the biological baits are thrown, and increasing oxygen to the water body by a booster to the dissolved oxygen concentration of more than 5mg/L in the whole culture period if rainstorm weather occurs;
step five, water quality replacement: a first water suction pump is communicated between the pearl culturing pool and the water storage pool, a second water suction pump is communicated between the pearl culturing pool and the sewage pool, water is pumped from the water storage pool to the pearl culturing pool through the first water suction pump, and meanwhile, the second water suction pump is used for draining water from the pearl culturing pool;
step six, regularly patrolling: timely salvaging rotten grass and residual bait in morning and evening patrol, checking pearl mussel growing conditions 2-3 times per week, finding out timely patching for stripping, finding out timely clearing dead mussels, simultaneously monitoring whether pearls grown by the pearl mussels are mature and meet requirements, and collecting pearls in the pearl mussel bodies through operation if the pearls are mature and meet requirements; if the immature fruits do not meet the requirements, returning to the fourth step;
step seven, bead taking in operation: when the pearl is collected, the pearl is taken out by adopting an operation method, meanwhile, the pearl sac of the pearl mussel is kept to be protected, so that the pearl sac is not damaged, then, the magnetic absorption nucleus sending device is used again to send the nucleus into the original pearl sac of the pearl mussel, and after the nucleus is planted, the pearl mussel is placed back into the pearl culturing pool to be cultured.
Further, the step three of cell slice preparation in the surgical nuclear transplantation comprises the following processes:
a1, selecting hyriopsis cumingii bred in the last year, wherein the body length is 8-9 cm;
a2, cutting the adductor muscles before and after with a scalpel, and cleaning the viscera and mantle dirt;
a3, cutting off the colored part at the edge of the mantle and separating the inner and outer skins of the mantle at the edge;
a4, cutting the outer surface skin with the inner surface skin removed from the shell, sterilizing, and removing mucus with medical absorbent cotton ball;
5, finally, trimming and slicing the outer skin to obtain a cell sheet with the length-width ratio of 4: 3;
can fully maintain the activity of the cell sheet, and quickly proliferate around the artificial nucleus by the nutrition provided by the connective tissue to form a pearl sac and secrete nacre, thereby improving the molding rate and molding quality of the pearl.
Further, the magnetic attraction nuclear delivery device comprises an object bearing plate, one end of the object bearing plate is fixedly connected with a fixing head, the fixing head is rotatably connected with a pair of symmetrically distributed inclined tension plates through an elastic rotating shaft, the inclined tension plates form an included angle of 15-20 degrees, one end, far away from the fixing head, of each inclined tension plate is fixedly connected with a wound knife, the outer end of the object bearing plate is provided with a guide groove in a chiseled mode, a sliding block is connected in the guide groove in a sliding mode, an extension push rod is fixedly connected onto the sliding block, one end of the extension push rod is fixedly connected with a magnetic attraction ball, the magnetic attraction ball is provided with a similar hemispherical groove in a chiseled mode, the inner end of the magnetic attraction ball is provided with an electromagnet, the extension push rod is provided with a first switch, the first switch is electrically connected with the electromagnet, the magnetic nuclei in the third step are wrapped with a soft magnetic coating on the outer surface before being attached with cell sheets, so that nuclear delivery operation is convenient, the method simplifies the operation steps, has high nucleus feeding precision, simultaneously reduces the damage to other parts of the pearl mussel to the minimum, greatly improves the survival rate of the pearl mussel after the nucleus feeding operation is performed, and creates a good pearl culturing environment for obtaining pearls with uniform shape, large volume and excellent appearance.
Furthermore, the diameter of the magnetic suction ball is slightly larger than that of the pearl nucleus, the diameter of the magnetic suction ball is preferably 8-10mm, the thickness of the soft magnetic coating is 0.1-0.2mm, the sterilized sanitary paste is paved on the inner end wall of the hemisphere-like groove, the magnetic suction ball and the pearl nucleus are similar in size and are both spherical, the damage to the pearl mussel is minimized when the nucleus is sent into the mantle, compared with the existing tweezers or operation needle, the magnetic suction ball has incomparable superiority, namely the magnetic suction ball hardly damages the pearl mussel, tools such as the tweezers and the operation needle are easy to damage, and particularly, the operation survival rate of the pearl mussel is greatly reduced for inexperienced operation personnel.
Further, magnetism is inhaled and is sent nuclear device still includes the handle bar, handle bar one end fixedly connected with electric air bag, install miniature air pump and second switch on the handle bar, miniature air pump and second switch electric connection, the output of miniature air pump is connected with electric air bag's inflation inlet, electric air bag includes line type gasbag and leads to the gasbag, electric air bag surface coating has medical lubricated liquid, can act as current logical guide pin after electric air bag aerifys "sclerosis", not only is difficult for leading to the fact unnecessary injury to the mantle at the in-process that leads to, leads to simultaneously accomplish take out when taking off gassing "soft" can, and current logical guide pin then causes unnecessary injury to the mantle very easily, leads to the gasbag and is similar to the guided missile shape, is difficult for leading to the mantle when convenient leading to cause the injury.
Furthermore, the nucleus implantation in the step three is preferably performed in 3-5 months or 9-10 months per year, strict cleaning and disinfection work is performed before and after the operation, the operation is performed in a sterile, sun-shading and windless environment, the opening width is controlled to be 6-10mm, and the wound area cannot exceed 5% of the total area of the mantle.
Further, 5-7 days before the pearl mussels are hung and cultured, culturing treatment materials are put into a pearl culturing pool according to the standard of 30-40 kg/mu, the water temperature is kept at 15-25 ℃, the optimum temperature range of the water temperature of a culturing water area is 15-25 ℃, and in the water temperature range, the pearl mussels grow and develop normally, the nacre secretes vigorously, and the pearls grow quickly; when the lowest temperature is below 10 ℃, the metabolism of the pearl mussel is in a stagnation state, the activity is weak, the secretion of nacre is basically stopped, when the high temperature is above 35 ℃, the growth of the pearl mussel is blocked, the dissimilation effect in the metabolism is greater than the assimilation effect, and the weakness or death of the pearl mussel is caused; the temperature is closely related to the metabolism of organisms, the growth, development, reproduction and distribution of the pearl mussels are also restricted by the water temperature, the pH value is kept at 7, the COD value is 20mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1mg/L, the dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 5mg/L, sufficient oxygen for the growth of the pearl mussels is provided, the hanging depth is 30cm when the weather is proper in spring and autumn, the hanging depth is close to the bottom of a pearl culture pond but is not contacted with sludge at the bottom when the weather is severe cold and hot in summer and winter, the breeding depth of the pearl mussels is 30cm away from the water surface in summer, the pearl mussels are preferably placed near the water bottom in winter and are not contacted with the sludge, and the pearl mussels can be hung a little bit in spring and autumn to strengthen the light so that the mussels are at the proper water temperature for growth and promote the formation and growth of pearls; in winter and summer, the fish should be hung a bit deeper to prevent the adverse effect of cold and hot summer.
Further, the culture treatment material is prepared from the following components, by weight, 10-20% of selenium amino acid chelate, 10-25% of calcium amino acid chelate, 15-20% of black bean pulp, 8-15% of cerium salt, 8-15% of sodium nitrate and 8-20% of chitosan.
Furthermore, the frequency of water quality replacement in the fifth step is specifically that the first water pump and the second water pump are started once every 20-25 days, the flow rate is preferably gentle every time of water flow circulation for 2-3 days, the water depth in the culture pond is ensured to be 1.5-2.5m, the culture environment is in a healthy state for replacing a clean water body in the pearl culture pond, the water circulation mode is favorable for improving the oxygen content of the water body, sufficient oxygen is provided for pearl mussel culture, and meanwhile, the pollution of water quality and the influence on the environment are reduced.
Further, the operation processes of nucleus implanting in the step three operation and pearl taking in the step seven operation comprise the following steps:
s1, pretreatment before surgery: nutritional medicines such as amino acid, adenosine triphosphate and the like are injected into visceral gonads to strengthen the soft body function vitality of the pearl mussel and enhance the resistance to surgical wounds;
s2, post-operative treatment: the antibacterial medicines such as chlortetracycline, tetracycline, cephalomycin, etc. are dropped into wound and soaked in the operating mussel, so as to achieve the effects of diminishing inflammation and sterilizing.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) this scheme can realize through the scientific management to pearl culture, on the one hand from sending the nuclear operation, adopt special magnetism to inhale and send the nuclear device to plant the nuclear operation, simplify loaded down with trivial details traditional operation step, show the survival rate that improves the operation mussel, will fall to minimumly to the injury of operation mussel simultaneously, good growing environment is provided for breeding the pearl, it is even to acquire the physique easily, and is large, the excellent pearl of grade phase, on the other hand starts from the living environment of mother's mussel, adopt the disinfection, periodic pumping circulation, means such as clean, show the morbidity that reduces breeding the pearl mussel, and then improve the survival rate and the pearl rate of spitting of breeding the pearl mussel, on the other hand adopts the cultivation to handle the material to carry out the preliminary treatment to the water, and regularly put in bait and monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen volume, PH etc., guarantee to breed the good production environment of pearl mussel.
(2) The magnetic suction nucleus-feeding device comprises a nucleus-receiving plate, one end of the nucleus-receiving plate is fixedly connected with a fixing head, the fixing head is rotatably connected with a pair of symmetrically distributed inclined tension plates through an elastic rotating shaft, the inclined tension plates form an included angle of 15-20 degrees, one end of each inclined tension plate, which is far away from the fixing head, is fixedly connected with a wound knife, the outer end of the nucleus-receiving plate is provided with a guide groove, the outer end of the nucleus-receiving plate is chiseled with a slide block, the slide block is fixedly connected with an extension push rod, one end of the extension push rod is fixedly connected with a magnetic suction ball, the magnetic suction ball is provided with a similar semi-spherical groove, the inner end of the magnetic suction ball is provided with an electromagnet, the extension push rod is provided with a first switch, the first switch is electrically connected with the electromagnet, the nucleus in the third step is wrapped with a soft magnetic coating on the outer surface before a cell sheet is attached and arranged, the nucleus-feeding operation is convenient, the nucleus-feeding accuracy is high, and the damage to other parts of the pearl mussel is reduced to the lowest, the survival rate of the pearl mussel after the nucleus feeding operation is performed is greatly improved, and a good pearl culturing environment is created for obtaining pearls with uniform shapes, large volumes and excellent appearance.
(3) The diameter of the magnetic suction ball is slightly larger than that of the pearl nucleus, the diameter of the magnetic suction ball is preferably 8-10mm, the thickness of the soft magnetic coating is 0.1-0.2mm, the sterilized sanitary paste is paved on the inner end wall of the quasi-hemispherical groove, the magnetic suction ball and the pearl nucleus are both spherical, the damage to the pearl mussel when the nucleus is sent into the mantle is minimized, compared with the existing tweezers or operation needles, the magnetic suction ball has incomparable superiority, namely, the magnetic suction ball hardly causes damage to the pearl mussel, the tweezers, the operation needle and other tools easily cause damage, and particularly, the operation survival rate of the pearl mussel is greatly reduced for inexperienced operators.
(4) Magnetic attraction send nuclear device still includes the handle pole, handle pole one end fixedly connected with electric air bag, install miniature air pump and second switch on the handle pole, miniature air pump and second switch electric connection, the output of miniature air pump is connected with electric air bag's inflation inlet, electric air bag includes line type gasbag and leads to the gasbag, the coating of electric air bag surface has medical lubricated liquid, can act as current logical guide pin after "sclerosis" is aerifyd to electric air bag, not only be difficult for causing the unnecessary injury to the mantle at the in-process that leads to, it is simultaneously to lead to accomplish to take out when taking off "soft" can, and current logical guide pin then causes the unnecessary injury to the mantle very easily, lead to the gasbag and be similar to the guided missile shape, be difficult for causing the injury to the mantle when convenient leading to.
(5) The surgical nucleus implantation in the third step is preferably carried out in 3-5 months or 9-10 months per year, the operation is carried out in a sterile, sun-shading and windless environment after strict cleaning and disinfection work before and after the operation, the width of the opened shell is controlled to be 6-10mm, and the wound area cannot exceed 5% of the total area of the mantle.
(6) 5-7 days before the pearl mussels are cultivated, cultivating treatment materials are put into a pearl cultivation pool according to the standard of 30-40 kg/mu, meanwhile, the water temperature is kept at 15-25 ℃, the optimum temperature range of the water temperature of a cultivation water area is 15-25 ℃, and in the water temperature range, the pearl mussels grow and develop normally, the nacre secretion is vigorous, and the pearls grow quickly; when the lowest temperature is below 10 ℃, the metabolism of the pearl mussel is in a stagnation state, the activity is weak, the secretion of nacre is basically stopped, when the high temperature is above 35 ℃, the growth of the pearl mussel is blocked, the dissimilation effect in the metabolism is greater than the assimilation effect, and the weakness or death of the pearl mussel is caused; the temperature is closely related to the metabolism of organisms, the growth, development, reproduction and distribution of the pearl mussels are also restricted by the water temperature, the pH value is kept at 7, the COD value is 20mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1mg/L, the dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 5mg/L, sufficient oxygen for the growth of the pearl mussels is provided, the hanging depth is 30cm when the weather is proper in spring and autumn, the hanging depth is close to the bottom of a pearl culture pond but is not contacted with sludge at the bottom when the weather is severe cold and hot in summer and winter, the breeding depth of the pearl mussels is 30cm away from the water surface in summer, the pearl mussels are preferably placed near the water bottom in winter and are not contacted with the sludge, and the pearl mussels can be hung a little bit in spring and autumn to strengthen the light so that the mussels are at the proper water temperature for growth and promote the formation and growth of pearls; in winter and summer, the fish should be hung a bit deeper to prevent the adverse effect of cold and hot summer.
(7) The culture treatment material is prepared from the following components, by weight, 10-20% of selenium amino acid chelate, 10-25% of calcium amino acid chelate, 15-20% of black bean pulp, 8-15% of cerium salt, 8-15% of sodium nitrate and 8-20% of chitosan.
(8) And fifthly, the frequency of water quality replacement is specifically that the first water pump and the second water pump are started once every 20-25 days, the water flow circulates for 2-3 days every time, the flow rate is preferably slow and gentle, the water depth in the culture pond is ensured to be 1.5-2.5m, the culture environment is in a healthy state for replacing a clean water body for the pearl culture pond, the water circulation mode is favorable for improving the oxygen content of the water body, sufficient oxygen is provided for pearl clam culture, and meanwhile, the pollution of the water quality and the influence on the environment are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pearl culturing process according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cultivation environment of the pearl mussel according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the magnetic attraction and nuclear delivery device of the present invention in a partially wound state;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the magnetic attraction and nuclear delivery device of the present invention in a state of dispensing nuclei;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the soft magnetic coating portion of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the magnetic attraction ball of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the magnetic attraction and nuclear delivery device of the present invention in a partially conductive state.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
the device comprises an object bearing plate 1, a fixing head 2, an inclined opening plate 3, a wound knife 4, a magnetic suction ball 5, a guide groove 6, an extension push rod 7, a first switch 8, a soft magnetic coating 9, a hemisphere groove 10, an electromagnet 11, a handle rod 12, a miniature air pump 13, a linear air bag 14, a ventilation air bag 15 and a second switch 16.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are used in a broad sense, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and a communication between two elements.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-2, a method for growing pearl in mass production of pearl mussel comprises the following steps:
step one, cultivation pretreatment: digging a pearl culturing pond, a water storage pond and a sewage pond, draining accumulated water 15 days before the pearl mussel is cultured by hanging, removing peripheral waterweeds and ridge-side dryland grasses, disinfecting with quicklime, standing and sunning for 3 days, and then filling with fresh water with the water depth of 1.5m, wherein the fresh water is fresh and pollution-free, and planting submerged waterweeds in the water storage pond, and putting azure stone blocks, zinc-flashing ore blocks and manganous ore blocks 15-20 kg per mu to provide microelements such as strontium, zinc, manganese and the like for the pearl mussel, thereby helping to improve the yield of the pearl;
step two, selecting pearl mussels: selecting robust pearl mussels with the age of 2 months, complete shells, no damage, full soft bodies in the shells, no harm and the like, and hanging and cultivating the pearl mussels in a pearl cultivating pool through a net cage according to the density of 800 pearls/mu;
step three, nucleus implantation in operation: grinding shell or organic glass into spherical pearl nucleus with the diameter of 6mm, attaching a cell sheet to the lower part of the pearl nucleus along the circumference of the pearl nucleus, implanting the pearl nucleus provided with the cell sheet into the mantle of the pearl mussel through a special magnetic nucleus feeding device, performing nucleus feeding operation by only opening a small opening on the mantle of the pearl mussel, wherein the accuracy of a knife method is easier to grasp when performing the nucleus feeding operation, and unnecessary damage to other organs of the pearl mussel, such as visceral sac, stomach, intestinal tract and the like, can be effectively avoided during the operation, so that the survival rate of the pearl mussel subjected to the nucleus feeding operation is greatly improved, and the pearl nucleus is high in positioning precision after the operation, small in the operation damage to the pearl mussel, uniform in shape, large in size and excellent in quality under the conditions, and culturing the pearl mussel in clear water for 7 days after being implanted, thereby providing a certain wound healing and recovery period of the pearl mussel, the wound infection caused by directly transferring the pearl powder into the pearl culturing pool is avoided, and then the pearl powder is transferred into the pearl culturing pool;
step four, cultivation management: selecting clear weather in 4-9 months every year, regularly throwing biological baits into the culture pond according to the standard of 2 times per month, wherein the feeding amount of each time is 25 kg/mu, regularly throwing the biological baits into the culture pond according to the standard of 1 time per month in other months, the feeding amount of each time is 20 kg/mu, throwing a water adjusting agent into the culture pond within 2 days after the biological baits are thrown, and increasing oxygen to the water body through a booster to the dissolved oxygen concentration of more than 5mg/L in the whole culture period in case of rainstorm weather after rain;
step five, water quality replacement: a first water pump 01 is communicated between the pearl culturing pool and the water storage pool, a second water pump 02 is communicated between the pearl culturing pool and the sewage pool, water is pumped from the water storage pool to the pearl culturing pool through the first water pump 01, and water is drained from the pearl culturing pool through the second water pump 02 at the same time, the water quality is changed at intervals of 20-25 days, the first water pump 01 and the second water pump 02 are started once, the water flow circulates for 2 days each time, the flow rate is slow and gentle, the water depth in the culturing pool is ensured to be 1.5m, the culturing environment is in a healthy state for changing the clean water body of the pearl culturing pool, the water circulation mode is favorable for improving the oxygen content of the water body, enough oxygen is provided for pearl culturing mussels, and the pollution of the water quality and the influence on the environment are reduced;
step six, regularly patrolling: timely salvaging rotten grass and residual bait in morning and evening patrol, checking the pearl mussel culturing condition 2 times a week, finding out a patch which is removed in time, finding out dead mussels to be removed in time, monitoring whether pearls cultured by the pearl mussels are mature and meet the requirement, and collecting the pearls in the pearl mussel culturing body through an operation if the pearls are mature and meet the requirement; if the immature fruits do not meet the requirements, returning to the fourth step;
step seven, bead taking in operation: when the pearl is collected, the pearl is taken out by adopting an operation method, the pearl sac of the pearl mussel is kept to be protected, the pearl sac is not damaged, then the magnetic absorption nucleus sending device is used again to send the nucleus into the original pearl sac of the pearl mussel, the nucleus is planted and then the nucleus is placed back into the pearl breeding pool to breed the pearl, the pearl mussel can be used for breeding the pearl for multiple times, the pearl breeding cost is reduced, the resource utilization rate is improved, and the strategy for developing continuous production is met.
Step three, the process of preparing the cell slice in the operation nuclear implantation comprises the following steps:
a1, selecting hyriopsis cumingii bred in the last year, wherein the body length is 8-9 cm;
a2, cutting the adductor muscles before and after with a scalpel, and cleaning the viscera and mantle dirt;
a3, cutting off the colored part at the edge of the mantle and separating the inner and outer skins of the mantle at the edge;
a4, cutting the outer surface skin with the inner surface skin removed from the shell, sterilizing, and removing mucus with medical absorbent cotton ball;
5, finally, trimming and slicing the outer skin to obtain a cell sheet with the length-width ratio of 4: 3;
can fully maintain the activity of the cell sheet, and quickly proliferate around the artificial nucleus by the nutrition provided by the connective tissue to form a pearl sac and secrete nacre, thereby improving the molding rate and molding quality of the pearl.
Referring to fig. 3-4, the magnetic nucleus feeding device comprises a nucleus receiving plate 1, one end of the nucleus receiving plate 1 is fixedly connected with a fixed head 2, the fixed head 2 is rotatably connected with a pair of symmetrically distributed inclined tension plates 3 through an elastic rotating shaft, the inclined tension plates 3 form an included angle of 15-20 degrees, one ends of the inclined tension plates 3 far away from the fixed head 2 are fixedly connected with a wound knife 4, the wound knife 4 is a medical micron-sized blade used for cutting the mantle of a pearl mussel, the outer end of the nucleus receiving plate 1 is provided with a guide groove 6, a slide block is slidably connected in the guide groove 6, the nucleus feeding track is limited through the matching of the slide block and the guide groove 6, the nucleus can be accurately and freely fed to a designated part to avoid unnecessary damage, an extension push rod 7 is fixedly connected to the slide block, one end of the extension push rod 7 is fixedly connected with a magnetic absorption ball 5, the magnetic absorption ball 5 is close to the nucleus in size and is spherical, the damage to the pearl mussel is minimized when the nucleus is delivered into the mantle, compared with the existing tweezers or operation needles, the pearl mussel nursing needle has incomparable advantages that the injury to the pearl mussel is hardly caused, the tweezers, the operation needles and other tools are easy to cause the injury, especially for the inexperienced operators, the operation survival rate of the pearl mussel is greatly reduced, please refer to fig. 6, a magnetic ball 5 is provided with a similar hemispherical groove 10 for adsorbing and wrapping the nucleus, the inner end of the magnetic ball 5 is provided with an electromagnet 11, an extension push rod 7 is provided with a first switch 8, the first switch 8 is electrically connected with the electromagnet 11, please refer to fig. 5, the nucleus in the three steps is wrapped with a soft magnetic coating 9 before a cell sheet is attached, the soft magnetic coating 9 is made of a soft magnetic material, the electromagnet 11 can adsorb and fix the nucleus after being electrified and magnetized, the nucleus delivery operation is convenient, the operation steps are simplified, the nucleus feeding accuracy is high, meanwhile, the damage to other parts of the pearl mussel is reduced to the minimum, the survival rate of the pearl mussel subjected to the nucleus feeding operation is greatly improved, a good pearl culturing environment is created for obtaining pearls with uniform shape, large volume and excellent appearance, the diameter of the magnetic suction ball 5 is slightly larger than that of the pearl nucleus, the diameter of the magnetic suction ball 5 is preferably 8-10mm, the thickness of the soft magnetic coating 9 is 0.1-0.2mm, and the inner end wall of the hemisphere-like groove 10 is paved with a sterilized sanitary paste.
Please refer to fig. 7, the magnetic nuclear feeding device further includes a handle rod 12, one end of the handle rod 12 is fixedly connected with an electric air bag, a micro air pump 13 and a second switch 16 are installed on the handle rod 12, the micro air pump 13 is electrically connected with the second switch 16, an output end of the micro air pump 13 is connected with an inflation port of the electric air bag, the electric air bag can serve as an existing guiding needle after being inflated to be hardened, not only unnecessary damage to the mantle is not easily caused in the guiding process, but also the existing guiding needle can be deflated to be softened when the guiding is completed to be drawn away, the existing guiding needle can easily cause unnecessary damage to the mantle, the electric air bag includes a linear air bag 14 and a guiding air bag 15, the guiding air bag 15 is similar to a missile shape, the guiding is convenient and the damage to the mantle is not easily caused, and the outer surface of the electric air bag is coated with medical.
The magnetic suction and nuclear delivery device comprises the following specific using method: the nucleus implanting operation adopts the simultaneous delivery operation, namely, pearl nuclei and cell sheets are implanted simultaneously, after the operation preparation such as corresponding disinfection is completed, the operating personnel firstly open the upper opening of the operating mussel, then the wound is wound at the outer sleeve membrane part by using the wound knife 4, then the handle rod 12 is held by hand to press the second switch 16, the electric air bag is inflated by the micro air pump 13, after the electric air bag is inflated to be hardened, the air bag 15 is conducted along the nucleus position, the micro air pump 13 is started after the conduction is completed, the electric air bag is deflated to be softened and then is drawn out, at the moment, the object bearing plate 1 is held by hand to press the first switch 8, the electromagnet 11 is electrified to magnetically adsorb the pearl nuclei of the nucleus to be delivered, the pearl nuclei are close to the wound along the guide groove 6, the inclined opening plates 3 are extruded to separate in the process of closing the wound, and the wound knife 4 is separated and slowly separated and opened, a certain adaptation time is reserved in the process, so that the disposable injury caused by directly delivering the pearl nuclei is avoided to be too large, when the magnetic attraction ball 5 pushes the pearl nucleus to reach the wound, the wound is just opened by the pair of wound knives 4 and slightly larger than the magnetic attraction ball 5, excessive pulling injury is avoided, the magnetic attraction ball 5 continues to send the pearl nucleus to the bottom of the passage, the electromagnet 11 is turned off, the pearl nucleus is left in the outer sleeve film after the magnetic attraction ball 5 is turned off, the next pearl nucleus can be clamped by tweezers and placed at the similar hemisphere groove 10 after the magnetic attraction ball 5 is pulled out, the electromagnet 11 is started to adsorb again, the process is repeated until the pearl nucleus is sent out, the operation is simple and convenient, the injury to the operation mussel is minimized, the survival rate of the operation mussel is remarkably improved, and a good growth environment is provided for pearl culture.
The nucleus implantation in the step three is preferably performed in 3-5 months per year, strict cleaning and disinfection work is performed before and after the operation, the operation is performed in a sterile, sun-shading and windless environment, the vitality of the cell pellets is prevented from being reduced due to direct ultraviolet radiation, the shell opening width is controlled to be 6-10mm, the death of the operation mussels caused by pulling injury or pulling-off of the adductor muscles is avoided, and the wound area cannot exceed 5% of the total area of the mantle.
5 days before the pearl mussels are hung and cultured, culturing treatment materials are put into a pearl culturing pool according to the standard of 30 kg/mu, the water temperature is kept at 15 ℃, the optimum temperature range of the water temperature of a culturing water area is 15-25 ℃, the growth and development of the pearl mussels are normal, the secretion of nacre is vigorous, and the growth of pearls is fast within the water temperature range; when the lowest temperature is below 10 ℃, the metabolism of the pearl mussel is in a stagnation state, the activity is weak, the secretion of nacre is basically stopped, when the high temperature is above 35 ℃, the growth of the pearl mussel is blocked, the dissimilation effect in the metabolism is greater than the assimilation effect, and the weakness or death of the pearl mussel is caused; the temperature is closely related to the metabolism of organisms, the growth, development, reproduction and distribution of the pearl mussels are also restricted by the water temperature, the pH value is kept at 7, the COD value is 20mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1mg/L, the dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 5mg/L, sufficient oxygen for the growth of the pearl mussels is provided, the hanging depth is 30cm when the weather is proper in spring and autumn, the hanging depth is close to the bottom of a pearl culture pond but is not contacted with sludge at the bottom when the weather is severe cold and hot in summer and winter, the breeding depth of the pearl mussels is 30cm away from the water surface in summer, the pearl mussels are preferably placed near the water bottom in winter and are not contacted with the sludge, and the pearl mussels can be hung a little bit in spring and autumn to strengthen the light so that the mussels are at the proper water temperature for growth and promote the formation and growth of pearls; in winter and summer, the fish should be hung a bit deeper to prevent the adverse effect of cold and hot summer.
The culture treatment material is prepared from the following components, by weight, 10% of amino acid chelated selenium, 25% of amino acid chelated calcium, 15% of black bean pulp, 15% of cerium salt, 15% of sodium nitrate and 20% of chitosan.
The operation process of nucleus implantation in the step three and pearl extraction in the step seven comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment before surgery: nutritional medicines such as amino acid, adenosine triphosphate and the like are injected into visceral gonads to strengthen the soft body function vitality of the pearl mussel and enhance the resistance to surgical wounds;
s2, post-operative treatment: the antibacterial medicines such as chlortetracycline, tetracycline, cephalomycin, etc. are dropped into wound and soaked in the operating mussel, so as to achieve the effects of diminishing inflammation and sterilizing.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 1-2, a method for growing pearl in mass production of pearl mussel comprises the following steps:
step one, cultivation pretreatment: digging a pearl culturing pond, a water storage pond and a sewage pond, draining accumulated water 20 days before the pearl mussel is cultured by hanging, removing peripheral waterweeds and ridge-side dryland grasses, disinfecting with quicklime, standing and sunning for 5 days, and then filling with fresh water, wherein the water depth is 2m, the fresh water is fresh and pollution-free, and submerged waterweeds are planted in the water storage pond, and celestite blocks, zinc-flashing ore blocks and manganous ore blocks are put in the pond, 20kg per mu, so that microelements such as strontium, zinc, manganese and the like are provided for the pearl mussel, and the yield of pearls is improved;
step two, selecting pearl mussels: selecting robust pearl mussels with the age of 3 months, complete shells, no damage, full soft bodies in the shells, no harm and the like, and hanging the pearl mussels in a pearl culture pond through a net cage according to the density of 1000 pearls/mu;
step three, nucleus implantation in operation: grinding shells or organic glass into spherical pearl nuclei with the diameter of 8mm, attaching cell sheets to the lower parts of the pearl nuclei along the circumference of the spherical pearl nuclei, implanting the pearl nuclei provided with the cell sheets into the mantle of the pearl mussel through a special magnetic nucleus-feeding device, and culturing the pearl mussel in clear water for 10 days after the pearl nuclei are implanted to provide a certain wound healing and recovery period for the pearl mussel, so that the wound infection caused by directly transferring the pearl mussel into a pearl culturing pool is avoided, and then transferring the pearl mussel into the pearl culturing pool;
step four, cultivation management: selecting clear weather in 4-9 months every year, regularly throwing biological baits into the culture pond according to the standard of 2 times per month, wherein the feeding amount is 30 kg/mu each time, regularly throwing the biological baits into the culture pond according to the standard of 2 times per month in other months, the feeding amount is 20 kg/mu each time, throwing a water adjusting agent into the culture pond within 2 days after the biological baits are thrown, and in the whole culture period, if rainstorm weather occurs, oxygenating the water body to the dissolved oxygen concentration of more than 5mg/L through a supercharger after the rain;
step five, water quality replacement: a first water pump 01 is communicated between the pearl culturing pool and the water storage pool, a second water pump 02 is communicated between the pearl culturing pool and the sewage pool, water is pumped from the water storage pool to the pearl culturing pool through the first water pump 01, and water is drained from the pearl culturing pool through the second water pump 02 at the same time, the water quality is changed at intervals of 20 days, the first water pump 01 and the second water pump 02 are started once, the flow rate is preferably slowly and peacefully after 3 days of water circulation each time, the water depth in the culturing pool is ensured to be 2m, the culturing environment is in a healthy state after the water body in the pearl culturing pool is changed completely, the water circulation mode is favorable for improving the oxygen content of the water body, enough oxygen is provided for pearl culturing mussels, and the pollution of the water quality and the influence on the environment are reduced;
step six, regularly patrolling: timely salvaging rotten grass and residual bait in morning and evening patrol, checking the pearl mussel culturing condition 3 times a week, finding out a patch which is removed in time, finding out dead mussels to be removed in time, monitoring whether pearls cultured by the pearl mussels are mature and meet the requirement, and collecting the pearls in the pearl mussel culturing body through an operation if the pearls are mature and meet the requirement; if the immature fruits do not meet the requirements, returning to the fourth step;
step seven, bead taking in operation: when the pearl is collected, the pearl is taken out by adopting an operation method, the pearl sac of the pearl mussel is kept to be protected, the pearl sac is not damaged, then the magnetic absorption nucleus sending device is used again to send the nucleus into the original pearl sac of the pearl mussel, the nucleus is planted and then the nucleus is placed back into the pearl breeding pool to breed the pearl, the pearl mussel can be used for breeding the pearl for multiple times, the pearl breeding cost is reduced, the resource utilization rate is improved, and the strategy for developing continuous production is met.
The nucleus implantation in the third step is preferably performed in 9-10 months per year, strict cleaning and disinfection work is performed before and after the operation, the operation is performed in a sterile, sun-shading and windless environment, the vitality of the cell pellets is prevented from being reduced due to direct ultraviolet radiation, the shell opening width is controlled to be 6-10mm, the death of the operation mussels caused by pulling injury or pulling-off of the adductor muscles is avoided, and the wound area cannot exceed 5% of the total area of the mantle.
And (3) putting culture treatment materials into the pearl culture pond 7 days before the pearl mussel is hung and cultured according to the standard of 35 kg/mu, and simultaneously keeping the temperature of a water body at 20 ℃, the pH value at 7, the COD value at 20mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration at 1mg/L and the dissolved oxygen concentration at more than 5 mg/L.
The culture treatment material is prepared from the following components, by weight, 15% of amino acid chelated selenium, 20% of amino acid chelated calcium, 20% of black bean pulp, 10% of cerium salt, 15% of sodium nitrate and 20% of chitosan.
The remainder was in accordance with example 1.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 1-2, a method for growing pearl in mass production of pearl mussel comprises the following steps:
step one, cultivation pretreatment: digging a pearl culturing pond, a water storage pond and a sewage pond, draining accumulated water 20 days before the pearl culturing is suspended, removing peripheral waterweeds and ridge-side dryland grasses, disinfecting with quicklime, standing and sunning for 5 days, and then filling with fresh water, wherein the water depth is 2.5m, the fresh water is fresh and pollution-free, and submerged waterweeds are planted in the water storage pond, azurite blocks, zinc-flashing ore blocks and manganese-water ore blocks are put in, and 20kg per mu, so that trace elements such as strontium, zinc, manganese and the like are provided for the pearl culturing mussels, and the pearl yield is improved;
step two, selecting pearl mussels: selecting robust pearl mussels with the age of 3 months, complete shells, no damage, full soft bodies in the shells, no harm and the like, and hanging the pearl mussels in a pearl culture pond through a net cage according to the density of 1200 pearl mussels/mu;
step three, nucleus implantation in operation: grinding shells or organic glass into spherical pearl nuclei with the diameter of 8mm, attaching cell sheets to the lower parts of the pearl nuclei along the circumference of the spherical pearl nuclei, implanting the pearl nuclei provided with the cell sheets into the mantle of the pearl mussel through a special magnetic nucleus-feeding device, and culturing the pearl mussel in clear water for 10 days after the pearl nuclei are implanted to provide a certain wound healing and recovery period for the pearl mussel, so that the wound infection caused by directly transferring the pearl mussel into a pearl culturing pool is avoided, and then transferring the pearl mussel into the pearl culturing pool;
step four, cultivation management: selecting clear weather in 4-9 months every year, regularly throwing biological baits into the culture pond according to the standard of 3 times per month, wherein the feeding amount is 30 kg/mu each time, regularly throwing the biological baits into the culture pond according to the standard of 2 times per month in other months, the feeding amount is 25 kg/mu each time, throwing a water adjusting agent into the culture pond within 2 days after the biological baits are thrown, and increasing oxygen to the water body through a booster to the dissolved oxygen concentration of more than 5mg/L in the whole culture period in case of rainstorm weather after rain;
step five, water quality replacement: a first water pump 01 is communicated between the pearl culturing pool and the water storage pool, a second water pump 02 is communicated between the pearl culturing pool and the sewage pool, water is pumped from the water storage pool to the pearl culturing pool through the first water pump 01, and water is drained from the pearl culturing pool through the second water pump 02 at the same time, the water quality is changed at intervals of 5 days, the first water pump 01 and the second water pump 02 are started once, the water flow circulates for 3 days each time, the flow rate is gentle and moderate, the water depth in the culturing pool is ensured to be 2.5m, the culturing environment is in a healthy state for changing the clean water body of the pearl culturing pool, the water circulation mode is favorable for improving the oxygen content of the water body, enough oxygen is provided for pearl culturing mussels, and the pollution of the water quality and the influence on the environment are reduced;
step six, regularly patrolling: timely salvaging rotten grass and residual bait in morning and evening patrol, checking the pearl mussel culturing condition 3 times a week, finding out a patch which is removed in time, finding out dead mussels to be removed in time, monitoring whether pearls cultured by the pearl mussels are mature and meet the requirement, and collecting the pearls in the pearl mussel culturing body through an operation if the pearls are mature and meet the requirement; if the immature fruits do not meet the requirements, returning to the fourth step;
step seven, bead taking in operation: when the pearl is collected, the pearl is taken out by adopting an operation method, the pearl sac of the pearl mussel is kept to be protected, the pearl sac is not damaged, then the magnetic absorption nucleus sending device is used again to send the nucleus into the original pearl sac of the pearl mussel, the nucleus is planted and then the nucleus is placed back into the pearl breeding pool to breed the pearl, the pearl mussel can be used for breeding the pearl for multiple times, the pearl breeding cost is reduced, the resource utilization rate is improved, and the strategy for developing continuous production is met.
The nucleus implantation in the third step is preferably performed in 9-10 months per year, strict cleaning and disinfection work is performed before and after the operation, the operation is performed in a sterile, sun-shading and windless environment, the vitality of the cell pellets is prevented from being reduced due to direct ultraviolet radiation, the shell opening width is controlled to be 6-10mm, the death of the operation mussels caused by pulling injury or pulling-off of the adductor muscles is avoided, and the wound area cannot exceed 5% of the total area of the mantle.
And (3) putting culture treatment materials into the pearl culture pond 7 days before the pearl mussel is hung and cultured according to the standard of 40 kg/mu, and simultaneously keeping the temperature of a water body at 25 ℃, the pH value at 7, the COD value at 20mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration at 1mg/L and the dissolved oxygen concentration at more than 5 mg/L.
The culture treatment material is prepared from the following components, by weight, 20% of amino acid chelated selenium, 20% of amino acid chelated calcium, 15% of black bean pulp, 15% of cerium salt, 15% of sodium nitrate and 15% of chitosan.
The remainder was in accordance with example 1.
The method can realize scientific management of pearl culture, on one hand, starting from a nucleus feeding operation, a special magnetic nucleus sucking and feeding device is adopted for nucleus planting operation, so that the complicated traditional operation steps are simplified, the survival rate of the operated mussels is obviously improved, meanwhile, the damage to the operated mussels is minimized, a good growth environment is provided for pearl culture, the pearls with uniform shapes, large volumes and excellent appearance are easy to obtain, on the other hand, starting from the living environment of the female mussels, the means of disinfection, periodic water pumping circulation, cleaning and the like are adopted, the morbidity of the pearl culture mussels is obviously reduced, the survival rate and the pearl spitting rate of the pearl culture mussels are further improved, on the other hand, the culture treatment material is adopted for pretreatment of the water body, and the bait is regularly thrown and the water body temperature, the dissolved oxygen amount, the PH and the like are monitored, so that the good production environment of the pearl culture mussel.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent or modified solutions and modifications within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A pearl culturing method for massively producing pearl mussels is characterized by comprising the following steps: the pearl culturing method comprises the following steps:
step one, cultivation pretreatment: digging a pearl culturing pond, a water storage pond and a sewage pond, draining accumulated water 15-20 days before the pearl mussel is hung, removing peripheral waterweeds and ridge-side dryland, disinfecting with quicklime, standing for 3-5 days, filling with fresh water with the water depth of 1.5-2.5m, keeping the fresh water fresh and free of pollution, planting submerged waterweeds in the water storage pond, and putting celestite blocks, zinc-blende blocks and manganite blocks 15-20 kg per mu;
step two, selecting pearl mussels: selecting robust pearl mussels with 2-3 months old, complete shells, no damage, full soft bodies in the shells, no harm and the like, and hanging the pearl mussels in a pearl culture pond according to the density of 800 plus 1200 per mu by using a net cage;
step three, nucleus implantation in operation: grinding shell or organic glass into spherical pearl nucleus with diameter of 6-8mm, attaching cell sheet to the lower part of the pearl nucleus along the circumference, implanting the pearl nucleus with the cell sheet into mantle of pearl mussel by magnetic sucking and feeding device, and transferring into a pearl culturing pool;
step four, cultivation management: selecting clear weather in 4-9 months per year, regularly throwing biological baits into the culture pond according to the standard of 2-3 times per month, wherein the feeding amount is 25-30 kg/mu each time, regularly throwing the biological baits into the culture pond according to the standard of 1-2 times per month in other months, the feeding amount is 20-25 kg/mu each time, throwing a water adjusting agent into the culture pond within 2 days after the biological baits are thrown, and increasing oxygen to the water body by a booster to the dissolved oxygen concentration of more than 5mg/L in the whole culture period if rainstorm weather occurs;
step five, water quality replacement: a first water suction pump (01) is communicated between the pearl culturing pool and the water storage pool, a second water suction pump (02) is communicated between the pearl culturing pool and the sewage pool, water is pumped from the water storage pool to the pearl culturing pool through the first water suction pump (01), and meanwhile, water is drained from the pearl culturing pool through the second water suction pump (02);
step six, regularly patrolling: timely salvaging rotten grass and residual bait in morning and evening patrol, checking pearl mussel growing conditions 2-3 times per week, finding out timely patching for stripping, finding out timely clearing dead mussels, simultaneously monitoring whether pearls grown by the pearl mussels are mature and meet requirements, and collecting pearls in the pearl mussel bodies through operation if the pearls are mature and meet requirements; if the immature fruits do not meet the requirements, returning to the fourth step;
step seven, bead taking in operation: when the pearl is collected, the pearl is taken out by adopting an operation method, meanwhile, the pearl sac of the pearl mussel is kept to be protected, so that the pearl sac is not damaged, then, the magnetic absorption nucleus sending device is used again to send the nucleus into the original pearl sac of the pearl mussel, and after the nucleus is planted, the pearl mussel is placed back into the pearl culturing pool to be cultured.
2. The method for culturing pearl of the pearl mussel in mass production according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step three, the process of preparing the cell slice in the operation nuclear planting comprises the following steps:
a1, selecting hyriopsis cumingii bred in the last year, wherein the body length is 8-9 cm;
a2, cutting the adductor muscles before and after with a scalpel, and cleaning the viscera and mantle dirt;
a3, cutting off the colored part at the edge of the mantle and separating the inner and outer skins of the mantle at the edge;
a4, cutting the outer surface skin with the inner surface skin removed from the shell, sterilizing, and removing mucus with medical absorbent cotton ball;
a5, finally trimming and slicing the outer skin to obtain cell sheets with the aspect ratio of 4: 3.
3. The method for culturing pearl of the pearl mussel in mass production according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the magnetic suction nuclear delivery device comprises a material bearing plate (1), one end of the material bearing plate (1) is fixedly connected with a fixing head (2), the fixing head (2) is rotatably connected with a pair of symmetrically distributed inclined opening plates (3) through an elastic rotating shaft, the inclined opening plates (3) form an included angle of 15-20 degrees, one end of the fixing head (2) is far away from the inclined opening plates (3) and is fixedly connected with a wound knife (4), the outer end of the material bearing plate (1) is chiseled with a guide groove (6), a slide block is slidably connected in the guide groove (6), an extension push rod (7) is fixedly connected onto the slide block, one end of the extension push rod (7) is fixedly connected with a magnetic suction ball (5), a quasi-hemispherical groove (10) is chiseled on the magnetic suction ball (5), an electromagnet (11) is installed at the inner end of the magnetic suction ball (5), and a first switch (8) is installed on the extension push rod (7), the first switch (8) is electrically connected with the electromagnet (11), and the bead cores in the third step are wrapped with soft magnetic coatings (9) before cell sheets are attached and arranged.
4. The method for culturing pearl of the pearl mussel in mass production according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diameter of the magnetic suction ball (5) is slightly larger than that of the pearl nucleus, the diameter of the magnetic suction ball (5) is preferably 8-10mm, the thickness of the soft magnetic coating (9) is 0.1-0.2mm, and the inner end wall of the hemisphere-like groove (10) is paved with a sterilized sanitary sticker.
5. The method for culturing pearl of the pearl mussel in mass production according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the magnetic attraction nuclear feeding device further comprises a handle rod (12), an electric air bag is fixedly connected to one end of the handle rod (12), a miniature air pump (13) and a second switch (16) are installed on the handle rod (12), the miniature air pump (13) is electrically connected with the second switch (16), the output end of the miniature air pump (13) is connected with an inflation inlet of the electric air bag, the electric air bag comprises a linear air bag (14) and a conduction air bag (15), and medical lubricating liquid is coated on the outer surface of the electric air bag.
6. The method for culturing pearl of the pearl mussel in mass production according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the surgical nucleus implantation in the third step is preferably performed in 3-5 months or 9-10 months per year, the operation is performed in a sterile, sun-shading and windless environment after strict cleaning and disinfection work before and after the operation, the opening width is controlled to be 6-10mm, and the wound area cannot exceed 5% of the total area of the pallium.
7. The method for culturing pearl of the pearl mussel in mass production according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 5-7 days before the pearl mussel is hung and cultured, culturing treatment materials are put into a pearl culturing pool according to the standard of 30-40 kg/mu, the temperature of a water body is kept at 15-25 ℃, the pH value is kept at 7-8, the COD value is 1-50mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.1-2mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 5 mg/L.
8. The method for culturing pearl of the mass-produced pearl mussel according to claim 7, wherein: the culture treatment material is prepared from the following components, by weight, 10-20% of selenium amino acid chelate, 10-25% of calcium amino acid chelate, 15-20% of black bean pulp, 8-15% of cerium salt, 8-15% of sodium nitrate and 8-20% of chitosan.
9. The method for culturing pearl of the pearl mussel in mass production according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the frequency of water quality replacement in the fifth step is specifically that the first water pump (01) and the second water pump (02) are started once every 20-25 days, the water flow circulates for 2-3 days every time, the flow rate is preferably gentle, and the water depth in the culture pond is ensured to be 1.5-2.5 m.
10. The method for culturing pearl of the pearl mussel in mass production according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the operation process of nucleus implantation in the step three and pearl extraction in the step seven comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment before surgery: nutritional medicines such as amino acid, adenosine triphosphate and the like are injected into visceral gonads to strengthen the soft body function vitality of the pearl mussel and enhance the resistance to surgical wounds;
s2, post-operative treatment: the antibacterial medicines such as chlortetracycline, tetracycline, cephalomycin, etc. are dropped into wound and soaked in the operating mussel, so as to achieve the effects of diminishing inflammation and sterilizing.
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| CN101019513A (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2007-08-22 | 湖南文理学院 | Cultivation process of large no-kernel high quality pearl |
| CN101653103A (en) * | 2009-09-05 | 2010-02-24 | 湖南文理学院 | Breeding method of ultra-large nuclear-free pearl with good quality |
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