CN110301384A - A kind of nacreous pearl culturing method of mass production - Google Patents
A kind of nacreous pearl culturing method of mass production Download PDFInfo
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- CN110301384A CN110301384A CN201910667420.8A CN201910667420A CN110301384A CN 110301384 A CN110301384 A CN 110301384A CN 201910667420 A CN201910667420 A CN 201910667420A CN 110301384 A CN110301384 A CN 110301384A
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- CBVWMGCJNPPAAR-HJWRWDBZSA-N (nz)-n-(5-methylheptan-3-ylidene)hydroxylamine Chemical compound CCC(C)C\C(CC)=N/O CBVWMGCJNPPAAR-HJWRWDBZSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
- A61D1/00—Surgical instruments for veterinary use
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of nacreous pearl culturing methods of mass production, belong to freshwater aquiculture field, a kind of nacreous pearl culturing method of mass production, it may be implemented through the scientific management to pearl culture, on the one hand from sending core operation, nuclear device is sent to carry out planting core operation using special magnetic, simplify cumbersome traditional operation step, significantly improve the survival rate of operation freshwater mussel, the injury of operation freshwater mussel will be preferably minimized simultaneously, good growing environment is provided to grow cultured pearls, it is uniform to be easy acquisition body, volume is big, the excellent pearl of condition, on the other hand from the living environment of female freshwater mussel, using disinfection, periodically pump circulation, the means such as wipe clean, significantly reduce the disease incidence of pearl culturing clam, and then it improves the survival rate of pearl culturing clam and spits pearl rate, on the other hand pre-treatment is carried out to water body using culture processing material, and it periodically launches bait and monitors Water temperature, dissolved oxygen amount, PH etc. guarantee the good production environment of pearl culturing clam.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to freshwater aquiculture fields, more specifically to a kind of nacreous pearl culturing method of mass production.
Background technique
Pearl is liked by people masses deeply as a kind of bright and colourful, sparkling and crystal-clear brilliant, rare and rare ornament,
It can be by processing and refining at jewelrys such as various necklaces, bangle, goods of furniture for display rather than for uses.Amino acid and lot of trace member rich in pearl
Element, therefore itself or rare Chinese medicine have effects that clearing heat and detoxicating, arresting convulsion of calming the nerves, eyesight-improving and pain-alleviating, convergence myogenic.
Pearl is divided into natural peral and cultured pearl, pearl 90% currently on the market the above are cultured pearl,
Cultured pearl is divided into seawater pearl and fresh water pearl again, with the continuous growth of population in the world quantity, the consumption of ocean pearl products
Amount also continues to increase, currently, natural peral is seldom, just because of this, developing cultured pearl becomes one of the emphasis of various countries' concern, day
Originally there is more mature pearl cultivation technology, China needs to reinforce study, is the more quick health hair of China's aquaculture industry
Exhibition provides technical support, and the yield of CHINESE FRESHWATER pearl has accounted for first place in the world, but quality is unsatisfactory, currently, the whole nation is annual
The young freshwater mussel of cultivation nearly 10,000,000,000, pearl culturing clam is produced up to 5-8 hundred million, but because mortality caused by freshwater mussel disease, annual quotient
Product pearl oyster and pearl production than being higher by one times or more at present.
Pearl divides nucleated pearl and without nucleus pearl, and nucleated pearl is usually sea water pearls, has core just to illustrate inside pearl also
There are other substances, so that he is with compared with size is without nucleus pearl, nacre is just than relatively thin, and generally it all compares
Circle；No nucleus pearl generally refers to fresh water pearl, be generally not it is very round, have strangle waist line.Pearl similar in same size color, nothing
Core it is somewhat expensive, nucleated pearl is usually sea water pearls.The stimulation that the outer embrane of freshwater mussel is invaded by foreign matter (sand grains, helminth),
The epidermal cell at stimulated place is fallen into the connective tissue of outer embrane using foreign matter as core, the part outer embrane epidermal cell fallen into
Form pearl sac from line splitting, Pearl-sac cell secretes nacre, multiple one layer of layer nuclear membrane get up pearl.It is with foreign matter
Core is known as " nucleated pearl ".The nucleated pearl of artificial breeding is exactly the method manually according to above-mentioned principle, outside pearl culturing clam
Mantle cuts epithelial cell small pieces living (abbreviation mantle piece), the artificial nucleus prepared with clam shell, the outer embrane for being implanted into freshwater mussel together
In connective tissue, the mantle piece of implantation is proliferated rapidly by the nutrition that connective tissue provides around artificial nucleus, forms pearl
Capsule secretes nacre, to generate artificial nucleated pearl.
But artificial nucleated pearl major embodiment in terms of success rate of growing cultured pearls is inserted in core operation and breeding process at present, is being inserted
When core is performed the operation, directly be inserted into core position direction in the epidermis of incision with access needle and push aside and do channel, then uses nucleus sending device pearl
Core along channel be sent into core position position, when be inserted directly into using access needle pushed aside in epidermis do channel when, have resulted in epidermis inner tissue
It is broken, while applying channel guide pin importing direction fault that art holds and can cause to push channel aside and puncturing epidermis and lose operation
It loses, even if the epidermis in channel is intact, the pearl core being inserted at this time can aggravate the wound of epidermis inner tissue again, the pearl core being especially inserted into
When not shallower up to core position position, pearl core is easy to deviate from and mantle piece outflow；And be inserted into pearl core enter core position position it is deeper when,
Pearl core understands the organ of severe crush soft body again and causes freshwater mussel death of performing the operation；In addition due to lacking in the breeding process of pearl culturing clam
Scientific and effective management leads to disease incidence, the death rate substantial increase of pearl culturing clam.
Summary of the invention
1. technical problems to be solved
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of nacreous sides of growing cultured pearls of mass production
Method, it may be implemented through the scientific management to pearl culture, on the one hand from core operation is sent, send core using special magnetic
Device carries out planting core operation, simplifies cumbersome traditional operation step, significantly improves the survival rate of operation freshwater mussel, while will be to operation freshwater mussel
Injury be preferably minimized, provide good growing environment to grow cultured pearls, be easy obtain body it is uniform, volume is big, condition is excellent
Pearl using disinfection, periodically pumps the means such as circulation, wipe clean on the other hand from the living environment of female freshwater mussel, significant to drop
The disease incidence of low pearl culturing clam, and then improve the survival rate of pearl culturing clam and spit pearl rate, on the other hand using culture processing material to water body
Carry out pre-treatment, and periodically launch bait and monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen amount, PH etc., guarantee the good production environment of pearl culturing clam.
2. technical solution
To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that.
A kind of nacreous pearl culturing method of mass production, the pearl culturing method the following steps are included:
Step 1: cultivation pretreatment: pond of growing cultured pearls, tank and cesspool are dug, 15-20 days before hanging culture pearl culturing clam, row
Dry ponding, with lime disinfection, fills fresh water, the depth of water after shelving solarization 3-5 days after removing periphery water plant and ridge side drought grass
1.5-2.5m, fresh water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, and aqueous water plant is sunk in plantation in tank, launches reddish black stone, zincblende
Block and manganite block, 15-20 kilograms per acre；
Step 2: choosing pearl culturing clam: choosing the 2-3 monthly age and shell is complete, soft body is full in no damaged, shell, non-hazardous
Deng healthy and strong pearl culturing clam, according to the density of 800-1200/mu and by net cage hanging culture in pond of growing cultured pearls；
Step 3: core is planted in operation: taking shell or organic glass to be ground into the spherical bead core that diameter is 6-8mm, in pearl core
Lower part is bonded setting cell sheet, the pearl renucleation pearl culturing clam for sending nuclear device that will be equipped with cell sheet by special magnetic along its circumference
Outer embrane inside, be transferred to grow cultured pearls in pond later；
Step 4: aquaculture management: in the annual 4-9 month, fair weather is selected, according to the standard of the 2-3 times/moon periodically to feeding
Dispensing biological feed in pond is grown, the amount fed every time is 25-30kg/ mus, and in other months, the standard according to the 1-2 times/moon is regular
Biological feed is launched into aquaculture pond, the amount fed every time is 20-25kg/ mus, is being launched in 2 days after biological feed to cultivation
A water adjusting agent is made a call in pond, is after the rain water oxygenation to molten by supercharger if meeting rainstorm weather during entire cultivation
Solution oxygen concentration is 5mg/L or more；
Step 5: water quality is replaced: described grow cultured pearls is communicated with the first suction pump between pond and tank, grow cultured pearls pond and the dirt
It is communicated with the second suction pump between pond, is drawn water by first suction pump from tank to pond of growing cultured pearls, and simultaneously with second
Suction pump is drained from pond of growing cultured pearls；
Step 6: periodically inspection: it patrols sooner or later and salvages rotten grass, residual bait in time, weekly 2-3 inspection pearl culturing clam situation, hair
The existing timely sticking patch of flake, it is found that dead freshwater mussel is removed in time, while monitoring the pearl of pearl culturing clam cultivation whether maturation meets the requirements, if at
It is ripe to meet the requirements, then pearl is collected in pearl culturing clam body by operation；If prematurity is undesirable, return step four；
Step 7: operation takes pearl: taking out pearl using operation method when collecting pearl, while paying attention to saving pearl culturing clam from damage
Pearl sac, so that pearl sac is not in for destruction, then with reuse magnetic send nuclear device by pearl core be sent into pearl culturing clam it is original
Pearl sac in, complete to plant and put back in pond of growing cultured pearls cultivation again after core and grow cultured pearls.
Further, the cell sheet film-making that the step 3 operation is planted in core includes following procedure:
A1, the hydriopsis cumingii for being selected from last year breeding, a length of 8-9cm of body；
A2, front and back adductor muscle is cut off using scalpel, clean internal organ and outer embrane dirt；
A3, it wipes out housing film edge coloured moiety and separates the interior exocuticle of outer embrane marginal membrane；
A4, the exocuticle for having removed endepidermis is cut from shell, sterilize, erase mucus with medical absorbent cotton ball；
A5, finally exocuticle is rebuild and is sliced the cell sheet for obtaining length-width ratio as 4:3；
The vigor that cell sheet can sufficiently be kept is proliferated rapidly, shape by the nutrition that connective tissue provides around artificial nucleus
At pearl sac, nacre is secreted, and then improves the ratio of briquetting and Forming Quality of pearl.
Further, it includes holding object plate that the magnetic, which send nuclear device, and described object plate one end of holding is fixedly connected with fixing head, institute
It states and a pair of symmetrical tiltedly plate is rotatably connected to by elastic rotation shaft in fixing head, and a pair of tiltedly plate forms 15-20 degree
Angle, the tiltedly plate is fixedly connected with wound knife far from fixing head one end, it is described hold object plate outer end and dig have guide groove, institute
It states and slidably connects sliding block in guide groove, extension push rod is fixedly connected on the sliding block, described extension push rod one end is fixed to be connected
It is connected to magnetic ball, the magnetic ball cutting has half ball groove of class, and magnetic ball inner end is equipped with electromagnet, on the extension push rod
First switch is installed, the first switch and electromagnet are electrically connected, and cell is arranged in fitting in the pearl core in the step 3
Soft magnetism coating is first enclosed with before piece on the outer surface, facilitates and carries out that core is sent to perform the operation, simplifies operating procedure, and send core accurate rate
Height, while the damage at other positions to pearl culturing clam being preferably minimized, execution send the survival rate of the postoperative pearl culturing clam of core significantly
It improves, creates good environment of growing cultured pearls to obtain the pearl that body is uniform, volume is big, condition is excellent.
Further, the diameter of the magnetic ball is slightly larger than pearl core, and the diameter of the magnetic ball is preferably 8-10mm, described soft
Disk pack clothing with a thickness of 0.1-0.2mm, the sanitation sticking by disinfection, magnetic ball and pearl are equipped in the half ball groove inner end wall of class
Core size it is close and be it is spherical, injure and be preferably minimized caused by pearl culturing clam when sending core to enter outer embrane, with existing tweezer
Son or needle hardly damage pearl culturing clam compared to there is unrivaled superiority, and tweezers and operation
The tools such as needle be easy to cause injury, and especially for the insufficient surgical staff of experience, the operation survival rate of pearl culturing clam drops significantly
It is low.
Further, it further includes handlebar stem that the magnetic, which send nuclear device, and described handlebar stem one end is fixedly connected with electronic gas
Capsule is equipped with micro air pump and second switch on the handlebar stem, and the micro air pump and second switch are electrically connected, described micro-
The output end of type air pump is connect with the inflating port of electronic air bag, and the electronic air bag includes line style air bag and admittance air bag, described
Electronic gasbag outer surface is coated with medical lubricating fluid, can serve as existing admittance needle after electronic air bag inflation " hardening ", not only
It is not easy to cause outer embrane unnecessary injury during admittance, while admittance completion deflates " softening " when detaching,
And existing admittance needle is then easy to cause outer embrane unnecessary injury, admittance air bag is similar to guided missile shape, convenient logical
It is not easy to damage outer embrane while leading.
Further, the step 3 operation plants core and preferably selects to carry out in the annual 3-5 month or the 9-10 month, perioperatively
Stringent cleaning and disinfection should be passed through, performed the operation under the environment for keeping sterile sunshade calm, opening shell width should control
6-10mm, 5% of wound area no more than the outer embrane gross area.
Further, 5-7 days before hanging culture pearl culturing clam, culture is launched into pond of growing cultured pearls according to 30-40kg/ mus of standards
Processing material, while keeping water temperature at 15 DEG C -25 DEG C, the optimum temperature range of the water temperature of Cultivated water is 15 DEG C -25 DEG C,
In this water temperature range, the growth and development of pearl culturing clam are normal, and nacre secretion is vigorous, and pearl growth is fast；Minimum temperature is
The metabolism of pearl culturing clam stays cool at 10 degree or less, and activity is faint, and nacre secretion is basic to be stopped, and is in high-temperature
At 35 degree or more, the growth of pearl culturing clam is hindered, and the dissimilation in metabolism is greater than assimilation, causes to grow cultured pearls
Freshwater mussel it is weak or dead；Temperature and the metabolism of biology have close relationship, growth, development, breeding and the distribution of pearl culturing clam
It is affected by the restriction of water temperature, pH is maintained at 7, COD value 20mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration 1mg/L, dissolved oxygen concentration 5mg/
L or more provides pearl culturing clam and grows enough oxygen, and hanging culture depth is 30cm, the severe cold of Xia Dongji when spring and autumn weather is suitable for
To be advisable close to the pond bottom of pond but do not contact with bottom sludge of growing cultured pearls when heat weather, the cultivation depth of pearl culturing clam should be from water in summer
Face 30cm, winter should put close water-bed and not hit mud and be advisable, spring and autumn can hang it is shallow a bit, to reinforce illumination, make freshwater mussel body
It is in the suitable water temperature of growth, promotes the formation and growth of pearl；Winter and summer suitable hanging culture are a little deep, prevent cold and heat
Adverse effect.
Further, culture processing material is formulated by following components in percentage by weight: selenium-amino acid chelate 10-
20%, amino acid chelated calcium 10-25%, semen sojae atricolor slurry 15-20%, cerium salt 8-15%, sodium nitrate 8-15% and chitosan 8-20%.
Further, the frequency of step 5 water quality replacement is specially the first suction pump of unlatching and the every 20-25 days
Two suction pumps are primary, each water circulation 2-3 days, and flow velocity is preferably slowly gentle, guarantee that the depth of water is 1.5-2.5m in aquaculture pond, to educate
Zhu Chi replaces clean water body and breeding environment is made to be in health status, and water circulation model is conducive to improve the oxygen content of water body, is
Pearl culturing clam provides enough oxygen, while reducing the pollution of water quality and the influence to environment.
Further, core is planted in the step 3 operation and step 7 operation takes in the surgical procedure of pearl including following step
It is rapid:
S1, pre-operative treatment: being injected in internal organ gonad with Amitins objects such as amino acid, atriphos, to reinforce
The software function vigor of pearl culturing clam, enhancing are to the resistance of operation wound；
S2, post operative treatment: wound is instilled with antimicrobial DP finish such as aureomycin, tetracycline, cephaloridnums and impregnates operation
Freshwater mussel can play the role of anti-inflammatory, sterilizing.
3. beneficial effect
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that
(1) this programme may be implemented through the scientific management to pearl culture, on the one hand from core operation is sent, using spy
Different magnetic send nuclear device to carry out planting core operation, simplifies cumbersome traditional operation step, significantly improves the survival rate of operation freshwater mussel, together
When will to operation freshwater mussel injury be preferably minimized, provide good growing environment to grow cultured pearls, be easy obtain body uniformly, volume
Greatly, the excellent pearl of condition using disinfection, periodically pumps circulation, wipe clean on the other hand from the living environment of female freshwater mussel
Etc. means, the disease incidence of pearl culturing clam is significantly reduced, and then improve the survival rate of pearl culturing clam and spit pearl rate, on the other hand using culture
Processing material carries out pre-treatment to water body, and periodically launch bait and monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen amount, PH etc., guarantee that pearl culturing clam is good
Good production environment.
(2) it includes holding object plate that magnetic, which send nuclear device, holds object plate one end and is fixedly connected with fixing head, passes through elasticity in fixing head
Shaft is rotatably connected to a pair of symmetrical tiltedly plate, and a pair of tiltedly plate forms the angle of 15-20 degree, and tiltedly plate is far from solid
Fixed first end is fixedly connected with wound knife, and holding object plate outer end and digging has guide groove, slidably connects sliding block in guide groove, on sliding block
It is fixedly connected with extension push rod, extends push rod one end and is fixedly connected with magnetic ball, magnetic ball, which is dug, half ball groove of class, in magnetic ball
End is equipped with electromagnet, extends on push rod and is equipped with first switch, and first switch and electromagnet are electrically connected, the pearl in step 3
Core is first enclosed with soft magnetism coating on the outer surface before cell sheet is arranged in fitting, facilitates and carries out that core is sent to perform the operation, and simplifies operation step
Suddenly, and core accurate rate height is sent, while the damage at other positions to pearl culturing clam is preferably minimized, execution send core is postoperative to grow cultured pearls
The survival rate of freshwater mussel greatly improves, and creates good environment of growing cultured pearls to obtain the pearl that body is uniform, volume is big, condition is excellent.
(3) diameter of magnetic ball is slightly larger than pearl core, and the diameter of magnetic ball is preferably 8-10mm, soft magnetism coating with a thickness of 0.1-
0.2mm, is equipped with the sanitation sticking by disinfection in half ball groove inner end wall of class, magnetic ball it is close with pearl core size and be it is spherical,
Injure and be preferably minimized caused by pearl culturing clam when sending core to enter outer embrane, compared with existing tweezers or needle whether there is or not
Analogous superiority, i.e., hardly damage pearl culturing clam, and the tools such as tweezers and needle be easy to cause injury, especially
It is for the insufficient surgical staff of experience, and the operation survival rate of pearl culturing clam substantially reduces.
(4) it further includes handlebar stem that magnetic, which send nuclear device, and handlebar stem one end is fixedly connected with electronic air bag, installs on handlebar stem
There are micro air pump and second switch, micro air pump and second switch are electrically connected, the output end of micro air pump and electronic air bag
Inflating port connection, electronic air bag include line style air bag and admittance air bag, and electronic gasbag outer surface is coated with medical lubricating fluid, electronic
Existing admittance needle can be served as after air bag inflation " hardening ", it is unnecessary to be not only not easy to cause outer embrane during admittance
Injury, while admittance completion is deflated " softening " when detaching, and existing admittance needle is then easy to cause not outer embrane
Necessary injury, admittance air bag are similar to guided missile shape, are not easy to damage outer embrane while facilitating admittance.
(5) step 3 operation plants core and preferably selects to carry out in the annual 3-5 month or the 9-10 month, perioperatively should be by stringent
Cleaning and disinfection, perform the operation under the environment for keeping sterile sunshade calm, opening shell width should control in 6-10mm, wound
5% of area no more than the outer embrane gross area.
(6) 5-7 days before hanging culture pearl culturing clam, culture processing is launched into pond of growing cultured pearls according to 30-40kg/ mus of standards
Material, while keeping water temperature at 15 DEG C -25 DEG C, the optimum temperature range of the water temperature of Cultivated water is 15 DEG C -25 DEG C, at this
In a water temperature range, the growth and development of pearl culturing clam are normal, and nacre secretion is vigorous, and pearl growth is fast；Minimum temperature is 10 degree
The metabolism of pearl culturing clam stays cool when following, and activity is faint, and nacre secretion is basic to be stopped, and is 35 degree in high-temperature
When above, the growth of pearl culturing clam is hindered, and the dissimilation in metabolism is greater than assimilation, causes pearl culturing clam
It is weak or dead；Temperature and the metabolism of biology have close relationship, and growth, development, breeding and the distribution of pearl culturing clam are also same
Restriction of the sample by water temperature, pH are maintained at 7, COD value 20mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration 1mg/L, dissolved oxygen concentration be 5mg/L with
On, pearl culturing clam is provided and grows enough oxygen, hanging culture depth is 30cm when spring and autumn weather is suitable for, and Xia Dongji is in freezing winter and in sultry summer
To be advisable close to the pond bottom of pond but do not contact with bottom sludge of growing cultured pearls when weather, the cultivation depth of pearl culturing clam should be from the water surface in summer
30cm, winter should put close water-bed and not hit mud and be advisable, spring and autumn can hang it is shallow a bit, to reinforce illumination, make at freshwater mussel body
In the suitable water temperature of growth, promote the formation and growth of pearl；Winter and summer suitable hanging culture are a little deep, prevent cold and heat
Adverse effect.
(7) culture processing material is formulated by following components in percentage by weight: selenium-amino acid chelate 10-20%, amino
Acid chelating calcium 10-25%, semen sojae atricolor slurry 15-20%, cerium salt 8-15%, sodium nitrate 8-15% and chitosan 8-20%.
(8) frequency of step 5 water quality replacement is specially to open the first suction pump and the second suction pump one every 20-25 days
Secondary, each water circulation 2-3 days, flow velocity is preferably slowly gentle, guarantees that the depth of water is 1.5-2.5m in aquaculture pond, pond replacement is dry to grow cultured pearls
Water purification body makes breeding environment be in health status, and water circulation model is conducive to improve the oxygen content of water body, provides for pearl culturing clam
Enough oxygen, while reducing the pollution of water quality and the influence to environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow diagram of growing cultured pearls of the invention；
Fig. 2 is pearl culturing clam breeding environment schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is that magnetic of the present invention send the structural schematic diagram under the wound state of nuclear device part；
Fig. 4 is that magnetic of the present invention send nuclear device part to send the structural schematic diagram under nuclear state；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of soft magnetism coating portion of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of magnetic ball portion of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is that magnetic of the present invention send the structural schematic diagram under the admittance state of nuclear device part.
Figure label explanation:
1 holds object plate, 2 fixing heads, 3, and tiltedly plate, 4 wound knives, 5 magnetic balls, 6 guide grooves, 7 extend push rod, 8 first switches, 9
Soft magnetism coating, 10 class, half ball groove, 11 electromagnet, 12 handlebar stems, 13 micro air pumps, 14 line style air bags, 15 admittance air bags, 16 second
Switch.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description；Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments, is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the instruction such as term " on ", "lower", "inner", "outside", " top/bottom end "
Orientation or positional relationship be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, be merely for convenience of description the present invention and simplification retouch
It states, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation,
Therefore it is not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, term " first ", " second " are used for description purposes only, and cannot understand
For indication or suggestion relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation " " is set
Be equipped with ", " be arranged/connect ", " connection " etc., shall be understood in a broad sense, such as " connection ", may be a fixed connection, be also possible to removable
Connection is unloaded, or is integrally connected, can be mechanical connection, is also possible to be electrically connected, can be directly connected, it can also be in
Between medium be indirectly connected, can be the connection inside two elements, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be specific
Situation understands the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
The nacreous pearl culturing method of a kind of mass production referring to FIG. 1-2, pearl culturing method the following steps are included:
Step 1: cultivation pretreatment: digging pond of growing cultured pearls, tank and cesspool, 15 days before hanging culture pearl culturing clam, drain product
Water after removing periphery water plant and ridge side drought grass, with lime disinfection, fills fresh water after shelving solarization 3 days, depth of water 1.5m, newly
Fresh water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, and aqueous water plant is sunk in plantation in tank, launches reddish black stone, zincblende block and manganite
Block, provides the microelements such as strontium, zinc and manganese for pearl culturing clam, help improves pearl production by 15-20 kilograms per acre；
Step 2: choosing pearl culturing clam: choosing for 2 monthly ages and shell is complete, soft body is full in no damaged, shell, non-hazardous etc.
Healthy and strong pearl culturing clam, according to the density of 800/mu and by net cage hanging culture in pond of growing cultured pearls；
Step 3: core is planted in operation: taking shell or organic glass to be ground into the spherical bead core that diameter is 6mm, under pearl core
Portion is bonded setting cell sheet along its circumference, send nuclear device will be equipped with the pearl renucleation pearl culturing clam of cell sheet by special magnetic
Inside outer embrane, as long as the shell of pearl culturing clam is opened lesser opening, it can implement and core is sent to perform the operation, and implement and core is sent to perform the operation
When, the accuracy for the skill in using a kitchen knife in cookery of performing the operation also is easier to hold, can effectively avoid in surgical procedure to other organs of pearl culturing clam, as internal sac,
The unnecessary injury of the organs such as stomach, enteron aisle, therefore implement and the survival rate of the postoperative pearl culturing clam of core is given to greatly improve, also,
Pearl core after surgery, due to positioning accuracy height, it is smaller to the surgical damage of pearl culturing clam, more have ready conditions obtain body uniformly, volume
Greatly, pearl culturing clam is cultivated 7 days in clear water after being implanted into pearl core, provides pearl culturing clam certain wound healing by the excellent pearl of condition
And convalescence, wound infection is caused in the pond that avoids being directly transferred to grow cultured pearls, and is transferred to grows cultured pearls in pond later；
Step 4: aquaculture management: in the annual 4-9 month, fair weather is selected, according to the standard of 2 times/month periodically to cultivation
Biological feed is launched in pond, the amount fed every time is 25kg/ mus, in other months, according to the standard of 1 time/month periodically to cultivation
Biological feed is launched in pond, the amount fed every time is 20kg/ mus, and one is made a call into aquaculture pond launching in 2 days after biological feed
Secondary water adjusting agent, if meeting rainstorm weather, is after the rain water oxygenation to dissolved oxygen concentration by supercharger during entire cultivation
For 5mg/L or more；
Step 5: water quality is replaced: grow cultured pearls and be communicated with the first suction pump 01 between pond and tank, grow cultured pearls pond and cesspool it
Between be communicated with the second suction pump 02, drawn water by the first suction pump 01 from tank to pond of growing cultured pearls, and simultaneously with the second suction pump
02 drains from pond of growing cultured pearls, and the frequency of water quality replacement is specially to open the first suction pump 01 and the second suction pump 02 every 20-25 days
Once, each water circulation 2 days, flow velocity is preferably slowly gentle, guarantees that the depth of water is 1.5m in aquaculture pond, clean water is replaced in pond to grow cultured pearls
Body makes breeding environment be in health status, and water circulation model is conducive to improve the oxygen content of water body, provides enough for pearl culturing clam
Oxygen, while reducing the pollution of water quality and the influence to environment；
Step 6: periodically inspection: patrolling sooner or later and salvage rotten grass, residual bait in time, check pearl culturing clam situation, discovery 2 times a week
The timely sticking patch of flake finds that dead freshwater mussel is removed in time, at the same monitor pearl culturing clam cultivation pearl whether maturation meets the requirements, if mature
It meets the requirements, then pearl is collected in pearl culturing clam body by operation；If prematurity is undesirable, return step four；
Step 7: operation takes pearl: taking out pearl using operation method when collecting pearl, while paying attention to saving pearl culturing clam from damage
Pearl sac, so that pearl sac is not in for destruction, then with reuse magnetic send nuclear device by pearl core be sent into pearl culturing clam it is original
Pearl sac in, complete to plant and put back in pond of growing cultured pearls cultivation again after core and grow cultured pearls, can use pearl culturing clam and repeatedly grown cultured pearls, reduction is educated
Pearl cost improves the utilization rate of resource, meets the strategy for developing continuous production.
The cell sheet film-making that step 3 operation is planted in core includes following procedure:
A1, the hydriopsis cumingii for being selected from last year breeding, a length of 8-9cm of body；
A2, front and back adductor muscle is cut off using scalpel, clean internal organ and outer embrane dirt；
A3, it wipes out housing film edge coloured moiety and separates the interior exocuticle of outer embrane marginal membrane；
A4, the exocuticle for having removed endepidermis is cut from shell, sterilize, erase mucus with medical absorbent cotton ball；
A5, finally exocuticle is rebuild and is sliced the cell sheet for obtaining length-width ratio as 4:3；
The vigor that cell sheet can sufficiently be kept is proliferated rapidly, shape by the nutrition that connective tissue provides around artificial nucleus
At pearl sac, nacre is secreted, and then improves the ratio of briquetting and Forming Quality of pearl.
Fig. 3-4 is please referred to, it includes holding object plate 1 that magnetic, which send nuclear device, holds 1 one end of object plate and is fixedly connected with fixing head 2, fixed
A pair of symmetrical tiltedly plate 3 is rotatably connected to by elastic rotation shaft on first 2, and a pair of tiltedly plate 3 forms the folder of 15-20 degree
Angle, tiltedly plate 3 is fixedly connected with wound knife 4 far from 2 one end of fixing head, and wound knife 4 is medical micron order blade, for educating
Wound is carried out at the outer embrane of pearl oyster, holding 1 outer end of object plate and digging has guide groove 6, slidably connects sliding block in guide groove 6, passes through
The cooperation of sliding block and guide groove 6 is defined the track for sending core, can it is accurate nothing serious send core to appointed part, avoiding need not
The damage wanted is fixedly connected on sliding block and extends push rod 7, extends 7 one end of push rod and is fixedly connected with magnetic ball 5, magnetic ball 5 and pearl
Core size it is close and be it is spherical, injure and be preferably minimized caused by pearl culturing clam when sending core to enter outer embrane, with existing tweezer
Son or needle hardly damage pearl culturing clam compared to there is unrivaled superiority, and tweezers and operation
The tools such as needle be easy to cause injury, and especially for the insufficient surgical staff of experience, the operation survival rate of pearl culturing clam drops significantly
Low, referring to Fig. 6, the cutting of magnetic ball 5 has half ball groove 10 of class, for adsorbing package pearl core, 5 inner end of magnetic ball is equipped with electromagnet
11, extend on push rod 7 and first switch 8 is installed, first switch 8 and electromagnet 11 are electrically connected, referring to Fig. 5, in step 3
Pearl core fitting be arranged cell sheet before first be enclosed on the outer surface soft magnetism coating 9, soft magnetism coating 9 specifically use soft magnetism material
Matter is made, and electromagnet 11 can adsorb fixed pearl core after being powered band magnetic, facilitate and carry out that core is sent to perform the operation, and simplifies operating procedure, and
It is high to send core accurate rate, while the damage at other positions to pearl culturing clam being preferably minimized, the postoperative pearl culturing clam of core is sent in execution
Survival rate greatly improves, and creates good environment of growing cultured pearls, magnetic ball 5 to obtain the pearl that body is uniform, volume is big, condition is excellent
Diameter be slightly larger than pearl core, the diameter of magnetic ball 5 is preferably 8-10mm, soft magnetism coating 9 with a thickness of 0.1-0.2mm, half ball groove of class
The sanitation sticking by disinfection is equipped in 10 inner end walls.
Referring to Fig. 7, it further includes handlebar stem 12 that magnetic, which send nuclear device, 12 one end of handlebar stem is fixedly connected with electronic air bag,
Micro air pump 13 and second switch 16 are installed, micro air pump 13 and second switch 16 are electrically connected, miniature gas on handlebar stem 12
The output end of pump 13 is connect with the inflating port of electronic air bag, can serve as existing admittance needle after electronic air bag inflation " hardening ",
It is not only not easy to cause outer embrane unnecessary injury during admittance, while admittance completion deflates " softening " when detaching i.e.
Can, and existing admittance needle is then easy to cause outer embrane unnecessary injury, electronic air bag includes line style air bag 14 and leads to
Air guide capsule 15, admittance air bag 15 are similar to guided missile shape, are not easy to damage outer embrane while facilitating admittance, electronic air bag
Outer surface is coated with medical lubricating fluid.
Magnetic send nuclear device specific application method are as follows: plants core operation using same and send operation, i.e. pearl core and cell sheet simultaneously
Implantation, after completing the operations preparation such as corresponding disinfection, surgical staff is first in operation freshwater mussel upper opening, outside followed by wound knife 4
Then mantle position wound holds handlebar stem 12 and presses second switch 16, micro air pump 13 is inflated electronic air bag, electronic
After air bag inflates " hardening ", admittance air bag 15 starts along core position admittance, and admittance starts micro air pump 13, electronic air bag after the completion
Deflation " softening " is extracted out afterwards, holds hold the pressing first switch 8 of object plate 1 at this time, and electromagnet 11 is powered with magnetic suck core to be sent
Pearl core squeeze a pair of tiltedly plate 3 during close to wound and separate, while a pair of of wound and along guide groove 6 close to wound
Mouth knife 4, which separates, slowly separates and opens wound, and the certain adaptation time of the reserved operation freshwater mussel of this process avoids directly sending nucleus band
Disposably injury it is excessive, just strutted by a pair of of wound knife 4 when magnetic ball 5 pushes pearl core to reach wound, at wound and slightly
It greater than magnetic ball 5, avoids excessively pulling, magnetic ball 5 continues that core to pearl core is sent to reach the bottom of the channel, closes electromagnet 11 and loses magnetic
After suction effect, pearl core is stayed in outer embrane, can be placed on half ball groove of class with the next pearl core of tweezers clamping after pulling out magnetic ball 5
At 10, starting electromagnet 11 adsorbs again, repeats the above process to sending the core to terminate, performs the operation simple and convenient, the injury to operation freshwater mussel
It is preferably minimized, significantly improves the survival rate of operation freshwater mussel, provide good growing environment to grow cultured pearls.
Step 3 operation plants core and preferably selects to carry out in the annual 3-5 month, should perioperatively pass through stringent cleaning and disinfection
It works, performs the operation under the environment for keeping sterile sunshade calm, prevent mantle piece from reducing vigor because of ultraviolet light direct projection, open shell
Width should be controlled in 6-10mm, in order to avoid pulling or breaking adductor muscle, cause freshwater mussel death of performing the operation, wound area is no more than outer embrane
The 5% of the gross area.
5 days before hanging culture pearl culturing clam, culture processing material is launched into pond of growing cultured pearls according to 30kg/ mus of standards, is protected simultaneously
For water holding temperature at 15 DEG C, the optimum temperature range of the water temperature of Cultivated water is 15 DEG C -25 DEG C, in this water temperature range,
The growth and development of pearl culturing clam are normal, and nacre secretion is vigorous, and pearl growth is fast；Pearl culturing clam when minimum temperature is 10 degree or less
Metabolism stays cool, and activity is faint, and nacre secretion is basic to be stopped, when high-temperature is 35 degree or more, pearl culturing clam
Growth be hindered, the dissimilation in metabolism be greater than assimilation, cause the weak or dead of pearl culturing clam；Temperature
The metabolism of degree and biology has close relationship, and growth, development, breeding and the distribution of pearl culturing clam are affected by the system of water temperature
About, pH is maintained at 7, and COD value 20mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration 1mg/L, dissolved oxygen concentration are 5mg/L or more, and it is raw to provide pearl culturing clam
Long enough oxygen, hanging culture depth are 30cm when spring and autumn weather is suitable for, for close to educating when the weather in freezing winter and in sultry summer of Xia Dongji
Pearl pond bottom of pond but do not contact with bottom sludge is advisable, and the cultivation depth of pearl culturing clam should should be put closely in summer from water surface 30cm, winter
It is water-bed and do not hit mud and be advisable, spring and autumn can hang it is shallow a bit, to reinforce illumination, freshwater mussel body is made to be in the suitable water of growth
Temperature promotes the formation and growth of pearl；Winter and summer suitable hanging culture are a little deep, prevent cold and heat adverse effect.
Culture processing material is formulated by following components in percentage by weight: selenium-amino acid chelate 10%, chelating amino acids
Calcium 25%, semen sojae atricolor slurry 15%, cerium salt 15%, sodium nitrate 15% and chitosan 20%.
Core is planted in step 3 operation and step 7 operation take in the surgical procedure of pearl the following steps are included:
S1, pre-operative treatment: being injected in internal organ gonad with Amitins objects such as amino acid, atriphos, to reinforce
The software function vigor of pearl culturing clam, enhancing are to the resistance of operation wound；
S2, post operative treatment: wound is instilled with antimicrobial DP finish such as aureomycin, tetracycline, cephaloridnums and impregnates operation
Freshwater mussel can play the role of anti-inflammatory, sterilizing.
Embodiment 2:
The nacreous pearl culturing method of a kind of mass production referring to FIG. 1-2, pearl culturing method the following steps are included:
Step 1: cultivation pretreatment: digging pond of growing cultured pearls, tank and cesspool, 20 days before hanging culture pearl culturing clam, drain product
Water after removing periphery water plant and ridge side drought grass, with lime disinfection, fills fresh water after shelving solarization 5 days, depth of water 2m, fresh
Water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, and aqueous water plant is sunk in plantation in tank, launches reddish black stone, zincblende block and manganite block,
20 kilograms per acre, the microelements such as strontium, zinc and manganese are provided for pearl culturing clam, help improves pearl production；
Step 2: choosing pearl culturing clam: choosing for 3 monthly ages and shell is complete, soft body is full in no damaged, shell, non-hazardous etc.
Healthy and strong pearl culturing clam, according to the density of 1000/mu and by net cage hanging culture in pond of growing cultured pearls；
Step 3: core is planted in operation: taking shell or organic glass to be ground into the spherical bead core that diameter is 8mm, under pearl core
Portion is bonded setting cell sheet along its circumference, send nuclear device will be equipped with the pearl renucleation pearl culturing clam of cell sheet by special magnetic
Inside outer embrane, pearl culturing clam is cultivated 10 days in clear water after being implanted into pearl core, provides pearl culturing clam certain wound healing and recovery
Phase causes wound infection in the pond that avoids being directly transferred to grow cultured pearls, is transferred to grows cultured pearls in pond later；
Step 4: aquaculture management: in the annual 4-9 month, fair weather is selected, according to the standard of 2 times/month periodically to cultivation
Biological feed is launched in pond, the amount fed every time is 30kg/ mus, in other months, according to the standard of 2 times/month periodically to cultivation
Biological feed is launched in pond, the amount fed every time is 20kg/ mus, and one is made a call into aquaculture pond launching in 2 days after biological feed
Secondary water adjusting agent, if meeting rainstorm weather, is after the rain water oxygenation to dissolved oxygen concentration by supercharger during entire cultivation
For 5mg/L or more；
Step 5: water quality is replaced: grow cultured pearls and be communicated with the first suction pump 01 between pond and tank, grow cultured pearls pond and cesspool it
Between be communicated with the second suction pump 02, drawn water by the first suction pump 01 from tank to pond of growing cultured pearls, and simultaneously with the second suction pump
02 drains from pond of growing cultured pearls, and the frequency of water quality replacement is specially to open the first suction pump 01 and the second suction pump 02 1 every 20 days
Secondary, each water flow follows 3 days, and flow velocity is preferably slowly gentle, guarantees that the depth of water is 2m in aquaculture pond, replaces clean water body for pond of growing cultured pearls and makes
Breeding environment is in health status, and water circulation model is conducive to improve the oxygen content of water body, provides enough oxygen for pearl culturing clam,
The pollution of water quality and the influence to environment are reduced simultaneously；
Step 6: periodically inspection: patrolling sooner or later and salvage rotten grass, residual bait in time, check pearl culturing clam situation, discovery 3 times a week
The timely sticking patch of flake finds that dead freshwater mussel is removed in time, at the same monitor pearl culturing clam cultivation pearl whether maturation meets the requirements, if mature
It meets the requirements, then pearl is collected in pearl culturing clam body by operation；If prematurity is undesirable, return step four；
Step 7: operation takes pearl: taking out pearl using operation method when collecting pearl, while paying attention to saving pearl culturing clam from damage
Pearl sac, so that pearl sac is not in for destruction, then with reuse magnetic send nuclear device by pearl core be sent into pearl culturing clam it is original
Pearl sac in, complete to plant and put back in pond of growing cultured pearls cultivation again after core and grow cultured pearls, can use pearl culturing clam and repeatedly grown cultured pearls, reduction is educated
Pearl cost improves the utilization rate of resource, meets the strategy for developing continuous production.
Step 3 operation plants core and preferably selects to carry out in the annual 9-10 month, should perioperatively pass through stringent cleaning and disinfection
It works, performs the operation under the environment for keeping sterile sunshade calm, prevent mantle piece from reducing vigor because of ultraviolet light direct projection, open shell
Width should be controlled in 6-10mm, in order to avoid pulling or breaking adductor muscle, cause freshwater mussel death of performing the operation, wound area is no more than outer embrane
The 5% of the gross area.
7 days before hanging culture pearl culturing clam, culture processing material is launched into pond of growing cultured pearls according to 35kg/ mus of standards, is protected simultaneously
Water holding temperature is at 20 DEG C, and pH is maintained at 7, COD value 20mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration 1mg/L, dissolved oxygen concentration be 5mg/L with
On.
Culture processing material is formulated by following components in percentage by weight: selenium-amino acid chelate 15%, chelating amino acids
Calcium 20%, semen sojae atricolor slurry 20%, cerium salt 10%, sodium nitrate 15% and chitosan 20%.
Rest part is consistent with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
The nacreous pearl culturing method of a kind of mass production referring to FIG. 1-2, pearl culturing method the following steps are included:
Step 1: cultivation pretreatment: digging pond of growing cultured pearls, tank and cesspool, 20 days before hanging culture pearl culturing clam, drain product
Water after removing periphery water plant and ridge side drought grass, with lime disinfection, fills fresh water after shelving solarization 5 days, depth of water 2.5m, newly
Fresh water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, and aqueous water plant is sunk in plantation in tank, launches reddish black stone, zincblende block and manganite
Block, provides the microelements such as strontium, zinc and manganese for pearl culturing clam, help improves pearl production by 20 kilograms per acre；
Step 2: choosing pearl culturing clam: choosing for 3 monthly ages and shell is complete, soft body is full in no damaged, shell, non-hazardous etc.
Healthy and strong pearl culturing clam, according to the density of 1200/mu and by net cage hanging culture in pond of growing cultured pearls；
Step 3: core is planted in operation: taking shell or organic glass to be ground into the spherical bead core that diameter is 8mm, under pearl core
Portion is bonded setting cell sheet along its circumference, send nuclear device will be equipped with the pearl renucleation pearl culturing clam of cell sheet by special magnetic
Inside outer embrane, pearl culturing clam is cultivated 10 days in clear water after being implanted into pearl core, provides pearl culturing clam certain wound healing and recovery
Phase causes wound infection in the pond that avoids being directly transferred to grow cultured pearls, is transferred to grows cultured pearls in pond later；
Step 4: aquaculture management: in the annual 4-9 month, fair weather is selected, according to the standard of 3 times/month periodically to cultivation
Biological feed is launched in pond, the amount fed every time is 30kg/ mus, in other months, according to the standard of 2 times/month periodically to cultivation
Biological feed is launched in pond, the amount fed every time is 25kg/ mus, and one is made a call into aquaculture pond launching in 2 days after biological feed
Secondary water adjusting agent, if meeting rainstorm weather, is after the rain water oxygenation to dissolved oxygen concentration by supercharger during entire cultivation
For 5mg/L or more；
Step 5: water quality is replaced: grow cultured pearls and be communicated with the first suction pump 01 between pond and tank, grow cultured pearls pond and cesspool it
Between be communicated with the second suction pump 02, drawn water by the first suction pump 01 from tank to pond of growing cultured pearls, and simultaneously with the second suction pump
02 drains from pond of growing cultured pearls, and the frequency of water quality replacement is specially to open the first suction pump 01 and the second suction pump 02 1 every 5 days
Secondary, each water circulation 3 days, flow velocity is preferably slowly gentle, guarantees that the depth of water is 2.5m in aquaculture pond, clean water body is replaced in pond to grow cultured pearls
So that breeding environment is in health status, water circulation model is conducive to improve the oxygen content of water body, provides for pearl culturing clam enough
Oxygen, while reducing the pollution of water quality and the influence to environment；
Step 6: periodically inspection: patrolling sooner or later and salvage rotten grass, residual bait in time, check pearl culturing clam situation, discovery 3 times a week
The timely sticking patch of flake finds that dead freshwater mussel is removed in time, at the same monitor pearl culturing clam cultivation pearl whether maturation meets the requirements, if mature
It meets the requirements, then pearl is collected in pearl culturing clam body by operation；If prematurity is undesirable, return step four；
Step 7: operation takes pearl: taking out pearl using operation method when collecting pearl, while paying attention to saving pearl culturing clam from damage
Pearl sac, so that pearl sac is not in for destruction, then with reuse magnetic send nuclear device by pearl core be sent into pearl culturing clam it is original
Pearl sac in, complete to plant and put back in pond of growing cultured pearls cultivation again after core and grow cultured pearls, can use pearl culturing clam and repeatedly grown cultured pearls, reduction is educated
Pearl cost improves the utilization rate of resource, meets the strategy for developing continuous production.
Step 3 operation plants core and preferably selects to carry out in the annual 9-10 month, should perioperatively pass through stringent cleaning and disinfection
It works, performs the operation under the environment for keeping sterile sunshade calm, prevent mantle piece from reducing vigor because of ultraviolet light direct projection, open shell
Width should be controlled in 6-10mm, in order to avoid pulling or breaking adductor muscle, cause freshwater mussel death of performing the operation, wound area is no more than outer embrane
The 5% of the gross area.
7 days before hanging culture pearl culturing clam, culture processing material is launched into pond of growing cultured pearls according to 40kg/ mus of standards, is protected simultaneously
Water holding temperature is at 25 DEG C, and pH is maintained at 7, COD value 20mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration 1mg/L, dissolved oxygen concentration be 5mg/L with
On.
Culture processing material is formulated by following components in percentage by weight: selenium-amino acid chelate 20%, chelating amino acids
Calcium 20%, semen sojae atricolor slurry 15%, cerium salt 15%, sodium nitrate 15% and chitosan 15%.
Rest part is consistent with embodiment 1.
The present invention may be implemented through the scientific management to pearl culture, and on the one hand from core operation is sent, use is special
Magnetic send nuclear device to carry out planting core operation, simplify cumbersome traditional operation step, significantly improve the survival rate of operation freshwater mussel, simultaneously
The injury of operation freshwater mussel will be preferably minimized, and provide good growing environment to grow cultured pearls, easy acquisition body is uniform, volume is big,
The excellent pearl of condition using disinfection, periodically pumps circulation, wipe clean etc. on the other hand from the living environment of female freshwater mussel
Means significantly reduce the disease incidence of pearl culturing clam, and then improve the survival rate of pearl culturing clam and spit pearl rate, on the other hand using at culture
Reason material carries out pre-treatment to water body, and periodically launch bait and monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen amount, PH etc., guarantee that pearl culturing clam is good
Production environment.
The foregoing is intended to be a preferred embodiment of the present invention；But scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
It improves design and is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of nacreous pearl culturing method of mass production, it is characterised in that: the pearl culturing method the following steps are included:
Step 1: cultivation pretreatment: digging pond of growing cultured pearls, tank and cesspool, 15-20 days before hanging culture pearl culturing clam, drain product
Water, with lime disinfection, fills fresh water, depth of water 1.5- after removing periphery water plant and ridge side drought grass after shelving solarization 3-5 days
2.5m, fresh water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, and aqueous water plant is sunk in plantation in tank, launch reddish black stone, zincblende block and
Manganite block, 15-20 kilograms per acre；
Step 2: choosing pearl culturing clam: choosing the 2-3 monthly age and shell is complete, soft body is full in no damaged, shell, and non-hazardous wait is good for
Strong pearl culturing clam, according to the density of 800-1200/mu and by net cage hanging culture in pond of growing cultured pearls；
Step 3: core is planted in operation: taking shell or organic glass to be ground into the spherical bead core that diameter is 6-8mm, in pearl core lower part
It is bonded setting cell sheet along its circumference, send nuclear device will be equipped with the outer of the pearl renucleation pearl culturing clam of cell sheet by special magnetic
Inside mantle, it is transferred to grows cultured pearls in pond later；
Step 4: aquaculture management: in the annual 4-9 month, fair weather is selected, according to the standard of the 2-3 times/moon periodically to aquaculture pond
Interior dispensing biological feed, the amount fed every time are 25-30kg/ mus, in other months, according to the standard of the 1-2 times/moon periodically to feeding
Dispensing biological feed in pond is grown, the amount fed every time is 20-25kg/ mus, is being launched in 2 days after biological feed into aquaculture pond
A water adjusting agent is made a call to, is after the rain water oxygenation to dissolved oxygen by supercharger if meeting rainstorm weather during entire cultivation
Concentration is 5mg/L or more；
Step 5: water quality is replaced: described grow cultured pearls is communicated with the first suction pump (01) between pond and tank, grow cultured pearls pond and the dirt
It is communicated with the second suction pump (02) between pond, is drawn water by first suction pump (01) from tank to pond of growing cultured pearls, and is same
When with the second suction pump (02) from grow cultured pearls pond drain；
Step 6: periodically inspection: patrolling sooner or later and salvage rotten grass, residual bait in time, weekly 2-3 inspection pearl culturing clam situation, discovery is de-
The timely sticking patch of piece finds that dead freshwater mussel is removed in time, while monitoring the pearl of pearl culturing clam cultivation whether maturation meets the requirements, if mature symbol
It closes and requires, then pearl is collected in pearl culturing clam body by operation；If prematurity is undesirable, return step four；
Step 7: operation takes pearl: taking out pearl using operation method when collecting pearl, while paying attention to the treasure for saving pearl culturing clam from damage
Pearl capsule makes pearl sac not be in for destruction, then with reuse magnetic send nuclear device by pearl core be sent into the original treasure of pearl culturing clam
In pearl capsule, cultivation in pond of growing cultured pearls is put back to again after completion plant core and is grown cultured pearls.
2. the nacreous pearl culturing method of a kind of mass production according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 3 operation
The cell sheet film-making planted in core includes following procedure:
A1, the hydriopsis cumingii for being selected from last year breeding, a length of 8-9cm of body；
A2, front and back adductor muscle is cut off using scalpel, clean internal organ and outer embrane dirt；
A3, it wipes out housing film edge coloured moiety and separates the interior exocuticle of outer embrane marginal membrane；
A4, the exocuticle for having removed endepidermis is cut from shell, sterilize, erase mucus with medical absorbent cotton ball；
A5, finally exocuticle is rebuild and is sliced the cell sheet for obtaining length-width ratio as 4:3.
3. the nacreous pearl culturing method of a kind of mass production according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the magnetic send core to fill
It sets including holding object plate (1), described object plate (1) one end of holding is fixedly connected with fixing head (2), passes through elasticity on the fixing head (2)
Shaft is rotatably connected to a pair of symmetrical tiltedly plate (3), and a pair of tiltedly plate (3) form the angle of 15-20 degree, it is described tiltedly
Plate (3) are fixedly connected wound knife (4) far from fixing head (2) one end, it is described hold object plate (1) outer end and dig have guide groove (6),
Sliding block is slidably connected in the guide groove (6), is fixedly connected on the sliding block and extends push rod (7), the extension push rod (7)
One end is fixedly connected with magnetic ball (5), and the magnetic ball (5), which is dug, half ball groove of class (10), magnetic ball (5) the inner end installation
Have electromagnet (11), is equipped with first switch (8) on the extension push rod (7), the first switch (8) and electromagnet (11) electricity
Property connection, the pearl core in the step 3 is first enclosed with soft magnetism coating (9) on the outer surface before cell sheet is arranged in fitting.
4. the nacreous pearl culturing method of a kind of mass production according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the magnetic ball (5)
Diameter be slightly larger than pearl core, the diameter of the magnetic ball (5) is preferably 8-10mm, soft magnetism coating (9) with a thickness of 0.1-
0.2mm is equipped with the sanitation sticking by disinfection in half ball groove of class (10) inner end wall.
5. the nacreous pearl culturing method of a kind of mass production according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the magnetic send core to fill
Setting further includes handlebar stem (12), and described handlebar stem (12) one end is fixedly connected with electronic air bag, is installed on the handlebar stem (12)
There are micro air pump (13) and second switch (16), the micro air pump (13) and second switch (16) are electrically connected, described miniature
The output end of air pump (13) is connect with the inflating port of electronic air bag, and the electronic air bag includes line style air bag (14) and admittance air bag
(15), the electronic gasbag outer surface is coated with medical lubricating fluid.
6. the nacreous pearl culturing method of a kind of mass production according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 3 operation
It plants core preferably to select to carry out in the annual 3-5 month or the 9-10 month, should perioperatively pass through stringent cleaning and disinfection, keep
It performs the operation under the calm environment of sterile sunshade, opening shell width should control in 6-10mm, and wound area is total no more than outer embrane
The 5% of area.
7. the nacreous pearl culturing method of a kind of mass production according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: hanging culture pearl culturing clam it
First 5-7 days, launched according to 30-40kg/ mus of standards into pond of growing cultured pearls culture processing material, while keep water temperature 15 DEG C-
25 DEG C, pH is maintained at 7-8, COD value 1-50mg/L, ammonia nitrogen concentration 0.1-2mg/L, and dissolved oxygen concentration is 5mg/L or more.
8. the nacreous pearl culturing method of a kind of mass production according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: culture processing material by with
The component of lower weight percent is formulated: selenium-amino acid chelate 10-20%, amino acid chelated calcium 10-25%, semen sojae atricolor starch 15-
20%, cerium salt 8-15%, sodium nitrate 8-15% and chitosan 8-20%.
9. the nacreous pearl culturing method of a kind of mass production according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 5 water quality
The frequency of replacement is specially to open the first suction pump (01) and the second suction pump (02) once, each water flow is followed every 20-25 days
Ring 2-3 days, flow velocity was preferably slowly gentle, guaranteed that the depth of water is 1.5-2.5m in aquaculture pond.
10. the nacreous pearl culturing method of a kind of mass production according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step 3 hand
Art plants core and step 7 operation take in the surgical procedure of pearl the following steps are included:
S1, pre-operative treatment: it in the Amitins objects such as amino acid, atriphos injection internal organ gonad, is grown cultured pearls with reinforcement
The software function vigor of freshwater mussel, enhancing are to the resistance of operation wound；
S2, post operative treatment: instilling wound with antimicrobial DP finish such as aureomycin, tetracycline, cephaloridnums and impregnates operation freshwater mussel, can
Play the role of anti-inflammatory, sterilizing.
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| CN101019513A (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2007-08-22 | 湖南文理学院 | Cultivation process of large no-kernel high quality pearl |
| CN101653103A (en) * | 2009-09-05 | 2010-02-24 | 湖南文理学院 | Breeding method of ultra-large nuclear-free pearl with good quality |
| CN101720691A (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2010-06-09 | 广东海洋大学 | Seed production method for breeding pinctada martensii |
| CN107691313A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-16 | 汉寿绮丽来珍珠科技有限公司 | A kind of pearl high-efficient ecological cultivation method |
| CN109247275A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-01-22 | 贺琪 | A kind of method for pearl culture |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101019513A (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2007-08-22 | 湖南文理学院 | Cultivation process of large no-kernel high quality pearl |
| CN101653103A (en) * | 2009-09-05 | 2010-02-24 | 湖南文理学院 | Breeding method of ultra-large nuclear-free pearl with good quality |
| CN101720691A (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2010-06-09 | 广东海洋大学 | Seed production method for breeding pinctada martensii |
| CN107691313A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-16 | 汉寿绮丽来珍珠科技有限公司 | A kind of pearl high-efficient ecological cultivation method |
| CN109247275A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-01-22 | 贺琪 | A kind of method for pearl culture |
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