CN110295194A - 一种猪内源性逆转录病毒失活克隆猪的构建方法 - Google Patents
一种猪内源性逆转录病毒失活克隆猪的构建方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种猪内源性逆转录病毒失活克隆猪的构建方法,属动物生物技术领域。通过ddPCR和全基因组测序比对,确定猪内源性逆转录病毒在猪胎儿成纤维细胞基因组中的拷贝数和其占据染色体的位置,利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建猪内源性逆转录病毒失活载体转染至猪胎儿成纤维细胞,筛选获得的阳性细胞进行体细胞核移植,待妊娠时取出胎儿鉴定其失活与否,利用ddPCR和全基因组测序比对后,再对该猪胎儿成纤维细胞进行基因打靶,依次循环,直至获得猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的细胞后进行体细胞核移植,最终获得猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的克隆猪。本发明克服了猪内源性逆转录病毒失活效率低、成功率低的问题,对解决异种器官移植的安全性问题具有重要的意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于动物生物技术领域,具体地说,涉及一种猪内源性逆转录病毒失活克隆猪的构建方法。
背景技术
器官移植是治疗终末期器官衰竭患者的唯一途径,而异种移植是解决人类器官供体严重短缺的最有效的途径。近年来,随着我国糖尿病、慢性肾病、心血管疾病以及肝炎等慢性疾病患者的大幅增长,使得发展成为终末期肝、肾、心等器官衰竭的病人正在急剧增加,对器官需求的压力也将越来越大。据不完全统计,我国每年可以实施临床器官移植的数量仅约为1万例,而等待器官移植的病人则有150万,等待器官移植与可进行器官移植患者的数量比值已达150:1。而且,从2015年起,我国已经全面停止使用死囚器官作为移植供体来源,只能将公民去世后自愿捐献的器官作为我国器官移植使用的最终来源,这势必导致器官供体日益短缺的形势更加严峻,这对于全国等待供体的庞大患者群体来说,死者捐献的器官已严重不能满足需求。因此,寻找新的移植供体来解决目前器官严重短缺的难题刻不容缓。
谈到异种器官移植,因猪易于饲养繁殖,器官尺寸与人类相匹配,生理和代谢方面与人类极为相近,人猪共患病发生的可能性较小,涉及伦理争议少,并可通过基因修饰来增强供体器官的匹配性。因此,猪被公认是最适合用作异种移植供体的物种。但猪作为异种移植的供体源移植后面临着跨物种间移植病原微生物感染的巨大风险,根除移植后的病原微生物感染的风险对于异种器官移植具有重要的意义。
猪内源性逆转录病毒(PERV)是阻碍异种移植走向临床化的重大科学问题,为了避免猪猪内源性逆转录病毒(PERV)感染人的风险,国内王维教授课题组通过大量的猪种筛选,获得了PERV缺失C型(PERV的一个亚型)的猪(Guo et al., 2014),但PERV的其他两个亚型A亚型和B亚型仍然存在于猪体内。通过小干扰RNA介导来减小猪PERV感染的风险(Ramsoondar et al., 2009)以及利用ZNF技术(Semaan et al., 2015)、TALENs技术(Dunnet al., 2015)来消除PERV,这些方法都不能避免PERV感染的风险。在2015年,杨璐菡团队通过CRISPR/Cas9技术敲除了猪细胞内的所有PERV基因(Yang et al., 2015),2017年在云南成功诞生了世界首批PERV失活的克隆猪(Niu et al., 2017),使得异种器官移植朝着临床迈进了重要的一大步,但不同猪种间内源性逆转录病毒的拷贝数不同,且内源性逆转录病毒失活过程较困难,基因编辑后细胞生长较缓慢,获得完全猪内源性逆转录病毒失活的细胞系成功率较低。因此,本发明中所涉及的一种猪内源性逆转录病毒失活克隆猪的构建方法将提高猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的成功率,对促进异种器官移植的发展具有重要的意义。
发明内容
针对以上问题,本发明提供了一种猪内源性逆转录病毒失活克隆猪的构建方法,本方法在猪胎儿成纤维细胞系的基础上,利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在猪内源性逆转录病毒Pol基因所占据的染色体位置设计特异的gRNA系列进行持续切割,使控制猪内源性逆转录病毒合成的pol基因失活,从而使猪内源性逆转录病毒的合成受阻并使之失活,该方法有机地结合体细胞核移植技术,通过对pol基因系列进行多次打靶尽最大限度地使猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活,且克服了猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活后细胞生长缓慢、失活效率低、成功率低的瓶颈,最大限度地解决异种器官移植跨物种间疾病传播的的安全性问题,对猪作为异种器官移植的研究和开发具有重要的应用价值。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种猪内源性逆转录病毒失活克隆猪的构建方法,具体步骤为:
1)确定猪内源性逆转录病毒的拷贝数及占据的染色体位置
通过ddPCR和全基因组测序比对,确定PERV在猪胎儿成纤维细胞基因组中的拷贝数和其占据染色体的位置;
2)针对猪内源性逆转录病毒Pol基因序列构建基因打靶系统
利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术针对猪内源性逆转录病毒Pol基因序列构建打靶sgRNA,敲除猪内源性逆转录病毒的pol基因从而失活猪内源性逆转录病毒;
3)筛选获得猪内源性逆转录病毒失活的细胞系
将构建好的猪内源性逆转录病毒失活载体转染至猪胎儿成纤维细胞系,筛选获得纯合的猪内源性逆转录病毒失活的细胞系;
4)体细胞核移植和胚胎移植
利用体细胞核移植技术,将筛选获得的猪内源性逆转录病毒失活的细胞进行体细胞核移植,待妊娠取出胎儿并鉴定猪内源性逆转录病毒失活与否,分离培养获得猪胎儿成纤维细胞系;
5)根据猪内源性逆转录病毒的失活情况对猪胎儿成纤维细胞系pol基因进行重复打靶
利用ddPCR技术和全基因组测序技术比对后,根据猪胎儿逆转录病毒的失活与否,若鉴定为未完全失活,需利用上述的猪内源性逆转录病毒失活载体对猪胎儿成纤维细胞系进行二次基因打靶筛选,依次循环进行,直至获得猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的猪成纤维细胞系;
6)将获得的猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的细胞系进行体细胞核移植和胚胎移植,待仔猪出生后获得猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的克隆猪个体。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明利用现有的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术并结合体细胞核移植技术,克服了猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的效率低、成功率低的问题,打破了pol基因打靶后细胞培养困难的瓶颈,这在很大程度上解决了异种器官移植的安全性问题,为猪异种器官移植供体源的开发和利用提供了希望,加快了猪作为异种器官移植的研究进程。
附图说明
图1为本发明的流程图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种猪内源性逆转录病毒失活克隆猪的构建方法,具体操作过程按以下步骤进行:
1)确定猪内源性逆转录病毒的拷贝数及占据的染色体位置
通过ddPCR和全基因组测序比对,确定PERV在猪胎儿成纤维细胞基因组中的拷贝数和其占据染色体的位置;
2)针对猪内源性逆转录病毒Pol基因序列构建基因打靶系统
利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术针对猪内源性逆转录病毒Pol基因序列构建打靶sgRNA,敲除猪内源性逆转录病毒的pol基因从而失活猪内源性逆转录病毒;
3)筛选获得猪内源性逆转录病毒失活的细胞系
将构建好的猪内源性逆转录病毒失活载体转染至猪胎儿成纤维细胞系,筛选获得纯合的猪内源性逆转录病毒失活的细胞系;
4)体细胞核移植和胚胎移植
利用体细胞核移植技术,将筛选获得的猪内源性逆转录病毒失活的细胞进行体细胞核移植,待妊娠取出胎儿并鉴定猪内源性逆转录病毒失活与否,分离培养获得猪胎儿成纤维细胞系;
5)将获得的猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的细胞系进行体细胞核移植和胚胎移植,待仔猪出生后获得猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的克隆猪个体。
实施例2
一种猪内源性逆转录病毒失活克隆猪的构建方法,具体操作过程按以下步骤进行:
1)确定猪内源性逆转录病毒的拷贝数及占据的染色体位置
通过ddPCR和全基因组测序比对,确定PERV在猪胎儿成纤维细胞基因组中的拷贝数和其占据染色体的位置;
2)针对猪内源性逆转录病毒Pol基因序列构建基因打靶系统
利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术针对猪内源性逆转录病毒Pol基因序列构建打靶sgRNA,敲除猪内源性逆转录病毒的pol基因从而失活猪内源性逆转录病毒;
3)筛选获得猪内源性逆转录病毒失活的细胞系
将构建好的猪内源性逆转录病毒失活载体转染至猪胎儿成纤维细胞系,筛选获得纯合的猪内源性逆转录病毒失活的细胞系;
4)体细胞核移植和胚胎移植
利用体细胞核移植技术,将筛选获得的猪内源性逆转录病毒失活的细胞进行体细胞核移植,待妊娠取出胎儿并鉴定猪内源性逆转录病毒失活与否,分离培养获得猪胎儿成纤维细胞系;
5)根据猪内源性逆转录病毒的失活情况对猪胎儿成纤维细胞系pol基因进行重复打靶
利用ddPCR技术和全基因组测序技术比对后,根据猪胎儿逆转录病毒的失活与否,若鉴定为未完全失活,需利用上述的猪内源性逆转录病毒失活载体对猪胎儿成纤维细胞系进行二次基因打靶筛选,依次循环进行,直至获得猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的猪成纤维细胞系;
6)将上述反复鉴定筛选获得的猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的细胞系进行体细胞核移植和胚胎移植,待仔猪出生后获得猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的克隆猪个体。
利用实施例中使猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的方法,高效地获得了猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的猪胎儿成纤维细胞系或个体,在一定程度上克服了现有的猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活困难,失活后细胞生长缓慢,失活成功率较低的难题,该方法对减轻异种移植过程中面临的跨物种间疾病传播风险,加快异种移植器官研发的进程具有重要的研究意义。
最后说明的是,以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述,但本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变,而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种猪内源性逆转录病毒失活克隆猪的构建方法,其特征在于:具体步骤为:
1)确定猪内源性逆转录病毒的拷贝数及占据的染色体位置
通过ddPCR和全基因组测序比对,确定PERV在猪胎儿成纤维细胞基因组中的拷贝数和其占据染色体的位置;
2)针对猪内源性逆转录病毒Pol基因序列构建基因打靶系统
利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术针对猪内源性逆转录病毒Pol基因序列构建打靶sgRNA,敲除猪内源性逆转录病毒的pol基因从而失活猪内源性逆转录病毒;
3)筛选获得猪内源性逆转录病毒失活的细胞系
将构建好的使猪内源性逆转录病毒失活载体转染至猪胎儿成纤维细胞系,筛选获得纯合的猪内源性逆转录病毒失活的细胞系;
4)体细胞核移植和胚胎移植
利用体细胞核移植技术,将筛选获得的猪内源性逆转录病毒失活的细胞进行体细胞核移植,待妊娠时取出胎儿并鉴定猪内源性逆转录病毒失活与否,分离培养获得猪胎儿成纤维细胞系;
5)对猪胎儿成纤维细胞系进行重复基因打靶
利用ddPCR技术和猪全基因组测序比对后,根据猪胎儿逆转录病毒的失活与否,若鉴定为未完全失活,需利用上述的猪内源性逆转录病毒失活载体对猪胎儿成纤维细胞系进行二次基因打靶筛选,依次循环进行,直至获得猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的猪成纤维细胞系;
6)将获得的猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的细胞系进行体细胞核移植和胚胎移植,待仔猪出生后获得猪内源性逆转录病毒完全失活的克隆猪个体。
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