CN1102850C - 经皮吸收制剂 - Google Patents

经皮吸收制剂 Download PDF

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CN1102850C
CN1102850C CN95191250A CN95191250A CN1102850C CN 1102850 C CN1102850 C CN 1102850C CN 95191250 A CN95191250 A CN 95191250A CN 95191250 A CN95191250 A CN 95191250A CN 1102850 C CN1102850 C CN 1102850C
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上釜兼人
入江徹美
原三千雄
堀内保秀
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种含有作为有效成份的前列腺素I2衍生物和脂肪酸或其酯、或它们的两种或多种混合物的经皮吸收制剂,其具有PGI2衍生物的高经皮透过。特别是,本发明提供了一种含5,6,7-三去甲-内-间亚苯基PGI2衍生物(5,6,7-trinor-4,8-inter-m-phenylene PGI2 derivative)和C6-C24脂肪酸,其盐或其酯、或它们的两种或多种混合物的经皮吸收制剂,其具有PGI2衍生物的高经皮透过性。该透皮吸收制剂使延长药理作用并降低副作用成为可能。因此,这种制剂可用于以局部和系统作用为目的的各种疾病的治疗。

Description

经皮吸收制剂
                          技术领域
本发明涉及经皮吸收制剂,其含有作为有效成分的前列腺素(此后称之为“PG”)I2衍生物。更具体地说,本发明涉及经皮被吸收的制剂,其含有作为促进经皮吸收试剂的脂肪酸或其衍生物,从而促进PGI2衍生物的经皮透过性。
                            背景技术
PGs是在各种领域引入注意的药物,因为它们广泛出现于各种器官和体液中,并且因为它们以小量而表现出强生理活性。在PGs中,PGI2具有抑制血小板凝集的强活性和强血管舒张活性,因此希望用PGI2作为各种疾病的治疗剂。
但是,由于包括PGI2的PGs化学性质非常不稳定,给药途径局限在静脉内给药等。因此,目前正在研究开发其稳定的衍生物,并寻找新的给药途径和给药形式。
目前还正在进行经皮吸收制前剂的充分研究。目前正在研究促进水性药物经皮透过性的试剂,特别地,主要研究脂肪酸和萜烯作为候选试剂(J.Pharm.Pharmacol.,39,535(1987);J.Pharm,Sci.,80,39(1991);DrugDes.Delivery,1,245(1987);Drug Des.Delivery,6,229(1990);Drug DeliverySystem,6,5(1991);日本公开特许公报(公开)Nos.3-261 721、2-3613和60-364 23;日本PCT公表公报(公表)Nos.2-503672和63-502108)。
另一方面,目前还正在充分研究含PGs如PGI2的经皮吸收制剂(日本公开特许公报(公开)Nos.58-124778,4-22808、4-138187、4-243827、4-164034、63-211241和4-312520;以及日本PCT公表公报(公表)No.6-509346)。
但是,这些含PGI2衍生物的经皮吸收制剂未必具有令人满意的经皮透过性。
                           本发明的公开
本发明提供了含有PGI2衍生物作为有效成份和脂肪酸、其衍生物、或它们的两种或多种混合物的经皮吸收制剂,其具有PGI2衍生物的高经皮透过性,特别是一种含5,6,7-三去甲-4,8-内-间亚苯基衍生物(5,6,7-trinor-4,8-inter-m-phenylenederivative)和C6-C24脂肪酸或其盐或酯、或它们的两种或多种的混合物的经皮吸收制剂,其具有PGI2衍生物的高经皮透过性。
                     实施例本发明的最佳方式
为了解决上述问题,本发明人进行了充分研究以发现一种给予PGI2衍生物高经皮透过性的经皮吸收制剂,通过选择基本成分和促进经皮透过性的试剂获得了这种制剂,以从而完成了本发明。
也就是说,本发明提供了含有作为有效成份的PGI2衍生物和脂肪酸或其衍生物的经皮吸收制剂。
作为可用于本发明的PGI2衍生物,选择了具有优良的稳定性并具有血小板凝集抑制活性和血管舒张活性的PGI2衍生物。例如,式(I)的化合物:
Figure C9519125000051
(其中R1代表药学上可接受的阳离子、氢或C1-C12直链烷基基团;R2代表氢、C2-C10酰基基团或C7-C18芳酰基基团;R3代表氢、C2-C10酰基基团或C7-C18芳酰基基团;R4代表氢、甲基或乙基;n代表O或1至4的整数;R5代表C1-C5直链烷基基团;A代表i)-CH2-CH2-或ii)反式-CH=CH-;并且X代表i)-CH2-CH2-或ii)反式-CH=CH-;并且本发明中可使用其盐或酯。
PGI2衍生物的优选实例包括(±)-(1R*,2R*,3aS*,8bS*)-2,3,3a,8b-四氢-2-羟基-1-〔(E)-(3S)-3-羟基-4-甲基-1-辛烯-6-炔基)-1H-环戊〔b〕苯并呋喃-5-丁酸(此后称之为“贝雷普罗(beraprost)”),及其盐和酯。
只要其给出治疗效果,对制剂中有效成份的浓度没有限制,可以是,例如,0.00005至0.1%,优选0.0001至0.05%。
可以用作促进经皮透过性试剂的脂肪酸、其盐和其酯的例子包括C6-C24脂肪酸、其盐和其酯,如己酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、异棕榈酸、硬脂酸、异硬脂酸、花生酸、山萮酸、二十四烷酸、肉豆蔻脑酸、棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、芥酸、二十二碳六烯酸和二十四碳烯酸,以及它们的盐和酯,和它们的两种或多种的混合物。在它们之中,优选的例子包括C8-C18饱和脂肪酸如辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸;C16-C22不饱和脂肪酸如棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、芥酸和二十二碳六烯酸,它们的盐和酯,以及它们的两种或多种的混合物。特别优选的实例包括C10-C14饱和脂肪酸如癸酸、月桂酸和肉豆蔻酸,C18不饱和脂肪酸如油酸和亚油酸,它们的盐和酯,以及它们的两种或多种的混合物。经皮透过促进剂的含量是,例如,基于制剂总量的0.01-10%。含量可优选为1-5%,更优选1-3%。
作为基质,可使用经皮吸收制剂中所用的任何基质。可用于本发明的基质的例子包括硅油、白凡士林、plastibase、液体石蜡、基于醇的基质、基于甘油的基质、硅酮压敏粘合剂、硅酮橡胶、苯乙烯-异丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物橡胶、聚异戊二烯橡胶、聚异丁烯橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶、丁基橡胶、天然橡胶、聚乙烯基烷基醚、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚氨基甲酯乙酯、聚酰胺、乙烯-乙烯基乙酸酯共聚物、烷基丙烯酸酯-丙烯酸共聚物和羟丙基纤维素以及它们的两种或多种的混合物。其中,优选硅油、硅酮压敏粘合剂、硅酮橡胶、天然橡胶、基于聚(甲基)丙烯酸的粘合剂和它们的两种或多种的混合物。
根据本发明的制剂可包括有用的添加剂如防腐剂、赋予粘着性的试剂、增溶剂、吸收促进剂、稳定剂以及所需要的其它添加剂。
可用常规方法将根据本发明的制剂配制成能经皮经药的剂型,如用于外用的软膏、液体或者是胶布带。
根据本发明的制剂是稳定和长效制剂。通过将制剂施用或接触于胳臂或胸部并且每天换药一次或数次或者每周换药一次或数次,便可以高度的安全性得到稳定的药理作用,因此,给药方式很简单。
根据本发明的制剂目标在于局部或系统作用,并可用作对胃溃疡或十二指肠溃疡、糖尿病溃疡、伴随外周循环障碍或痔的溃疡的外伤治疗剂;对脑梗塞、外周循环障碍、心肌梗塞或心绞痛的抗凝血药;抗高血压药;糖尿病性神经病治疗剂;治疗脉硬化药;治高脂血症药;肝炎病治疗剂;或作为抑制恶性肿瘤转称的药剂。
实施例
下面将根据配方实施例更具体地描述本发明。但这些实施例并不限制本发明。
配方实施例1  液体
beraprost钠盐                    0.5g
己酸                             2.5g
硅油                             500g
配方实施例2  液体
beraprost钠盐                    0.5g
辛酸                             2.5g
硅油                             500g
配方实施例3  液体
beraprost钠盐                    0.5g
癸酸                             2.5g
硅油                             500g
配方实施例4  液体
beraprost钠盐                    0.5g
月桂酸                           2.5g硅油                            500g配方实施例5  液体beraprost钠盐                   0.5g肉豆蔻酸                        2.5g硅油                            500g配方实施例6  液体beraprost钠盐                   0.5g棕榈酸                          2.5g硅油                            500g配方实施例7  液体beraprost钠盐                   0.5g硬脂酸                          2.5g硅油                            500g配方实施例8  液体beraprost钠盐                   0.5g花生四烯酸                      2.5g硅油                            500g配方实施例9  液体beraprost钠盐                   0.5g油酸                            2.5g硅油                            500g配方实施例10  液体beraprost钠盐                   0.5g亚油酸                          2.5g硅油                            500g配方实施例11  液体beraprost钠盐                   0.5g亚麻酸                          2.5g硅油                            500g配方实施例12  液体
beraprost钠盐                    0.5g
油酸                             1.5g
硅油                             500g
配方实施例13  液体
beraprost钠盐                    0.5g
癸酸                             2.5g
硅油                             500g
将0.5g beraprost钠盐溶于1.5g或2.5g各种脂肪酸中并将所得溶液与500g硅油均匀混合制施得上述液体。
配方实施例14  软膏
beraprost钠盐                    0.5g
癸酸                             2.5g
白凡士林                         450g
液体石蜡                         50g
配方实施例15  软膏
beraprost钠盐                    0.5g
油酸                             2.5g
白凡士林                         450g
液体石蜡                         50g
配方实施例16  软膏
beraprost钠盐                    0.5g
亚麻酸                           2.5g
白凡士林                         450g
液体石蜡                         50g
将2.5g癸酸中含0.50g beraprost钠盐的溶液与50g液体石蜡混合,并将所得混合物与450g加热的白凡士林混合,然后将所得混合物冷却,制得上述软膏。
配方实施例17  胶布带
beraprost钠盐                    0.5g
癸酸                        2.5g
硅酮压敏粘合剂              250g
庚烷                        250g
配方实施例18  胶布带
beraprost钠盐               0.5g
油酸                        2.5g
硅酮压敏粘合剂              250g
庚烷                        250g
配方实施例19  胶布带
beraprost钠盐               0.5g
油酸                        2.5g
基于聚(甲基)丙烯酸的粘合剂  250g
配方实施例20  胶布带
beraprost钠盐               0.5g
油酸                        2.5g
苯乙烯-异丁烯基质           250g
按下面的方法制备上述胶布带。首先,将0.5g beraprost钠盐溶于2.5g油酸中并将所得溶液与适量溶剂混合。将所得混合物与250合基质混合并通过加入溶剂调节混合物的粘度。将所得混合物铺在PET膜上,将得到的膜于空气中干燥。
配方实施例21  液体
beraprost钠盐               0.5g
硅油                        500g
乙醇                        适量
将0.5g beraprost钠盐溶于少量乙醇中,将所得溶液与500g硅油均匀混合,然后在减压下蒸发乙醇,制得这种液体。
配方实施例22  软膏
beraprost钠盐               0.5g
白凡士林                    450g
液体石蜡                    50g
乙醇                        适量
将0.5g beraprost钠盐溶于少量乙醇中,将所得溶液与50g液体石蜡混合,然后将所得溶液与450g加热的白凡士林均匀混合并将所得组合物冷却,制得这种软膏。
配方实施例23  胶布带
beraprost钠盐               0.5g
硅酮压敏粘合剂              250g
庚烷                        250g
乙醇                        适量
按下述方法制备这种胶布带。首先,将0.5g beraprost钠盐溶于少量乙醇中,将所得溶液与250g庚烷混合,然后将所得溶液与250g硅酸压敏粘合剂混合。将所得混合物铺在PET膜上并将得到的膜在空气中干燥。
实施例1用无毛小鼠背部皮肤进行beraprost钠盐的体外经皮透过实验。
为了确实促进beraprost钠盐经皮吸收制剂的效果,进行了经皮透过实验。
将从先毛小鼠背部剥下的皮肤安装在Loveday型扩散池中,将根据配方实施例1至11和根据对比实施例1的各种制施剂施用在皮肤的上部。用生理盐水作为接受器相,在25℃进行经皮透过实验。结果示于表1。
从实验结果可见,根据配方实施例1至11的制剂与其中不含促进经皮吸收试剂的对比实施例1相比表现出较高的经皮透过性。另外发现根据脂肪酸的类型不同促进经皮透过性的效果有所不同。
表1 beraprost通过无毛小鼠背部皮肤的体外经皮透过率。
    配方实施例     经皮透过率(微克/小时/CM2)
对比实施例    1配方实施例    1配方实施例    2配方实施例    3配方实施例    4配方实施例    5配方实施例    6配方实施例    7配方实施例    8配方实施例    9配方实施例    10配方实施例    11 0.000.891.062.092.512.030.250.530.142.393.011.41
实施例2用大鼠进行beraprost体内透皮吸收实验
为了评价beraprost钠盐在体内从皮肤到血液循环系统的转移,用大鼠进行了透皮吸收实验,以确定透皮吸收促进剂的有效作用。
从每个大鼠背部的皮肤上除去毛发,将按照配方实施例17至19或按照对比实施例3配制的大小为1cm×1cm的胶布带贴在上面。贴上胶布带后,在各时间点从尾青年脉搜集血液并测定血药水平。
从示于表2中的实验结果可见,在对比实施例3中基本沿检测到药物,而在贴根据配方实施例17至19的胶布带的情况下,血药水平明显地高,并确认了药物的持续吸收。
表2在贴上含beraprost钠盐的硅酮胶布带后大鼠的血药水平。
                        血药水平(pg/ml)*1
搜集血液的时间点     对比实施例3     实施例15     实施例16     实施例17
    0小时6小时12小时24小时48小时     0±00±014±140±019±42     0±0301±246692±591278±223387±297     0±0387±224802±500809±232710±221    0±091±90105±125200±132161±110
*1:平均值士标准误差
实施例3  在月桂酸钠诱导的兔模型中beraprost钢盐对外周动脉闭塞的治疗作用。
为了确实根据本发明的制剂在体内的药理有效作用,使用由月桂酸诱导的兔外周动脉闭塞模型评价了吸收促进剂的有效作用。
用动物剪去除每个雄性日本白兔(2.5-3.0kg)两耳上的毛。在每个兔右耳后的耳动脉中注射5mg月桂酸钠(于10mM等渗磷酸缓冲液中,pH7.4)从诱导外周动脉闭塞。
测定了根据配方实施例12和13以及根据对比实施例1的制施剂。在每个用于皮肤贴附实验的胶布带(2.25cm2)中含有0.1ml测试试液,每天将胶布带贴在左耳上一次。随时间观察右耳的损害过程并下面的标准打争:
右耳损害程度的分数
0:正常,1:耳尖的颜色改变,2:整个耳朵的颜色改变,3:耳尖出现坏死,4;整个耳朵出现坏死,5:坏死部分开始蜕膜脱落。
从示于表3中的实验结果可见,在给予硅油基质的组中,通过给予月桂酸钠出现了几处血管闭塞,给药后的第7天,观察到右耳尖大面积的颜色改变或组织坏死。在给予根据对比实施例1的制施剂的组中,不含有吸收,民仅给予基质的组相比通过每天给药略微阻碍了坏死过程。
另一方面,在给予含油酸或癸酸作吸收促进剂的根据配方实施例12或13的制施剂的组中,观察到了对坏死过程的显著抑制作用,这是由于实施例1和2中所确认的经皮吸收促进作用引起的。特别是,在给予根据配方实施例12的制剂的组中,在贴附后的第3天开始观察到治愈,在贴附后的第7天治愈成基本正常状态。
表3在月桂酸诱导的兔模型中beraprost钠盐对外周动脉闭塞的治疗作用。
                      对右耳损害的治愈分数
  时间(天数) 给予基质的组 对比实施例1 配方实施例12 配方实施例13
    0     0.0±0.0     0.0±0.0     0.0±0.0     0.0±0.0
    1     1.2±0.2     1.0±0.0     0.8±0.0     0.8±0.3
    2     1.6±0.2     1.3±0.2     0.7±0.0*     0.8±0.2*
    3     2.3±0.0     1.8±0.2     0.7±0.2*     1.0±0.3*
    4     3.0±0.3     2.5±1.0     0.5±0.0*     1.2±0.4*
    5     3.5±0.3     2.5±1.5     0.4±0.1*     1.0±0.5*
    6     4.2±0.1     2.5±1.5     0.2±0.2*     0.8±0.5*
    7     4.5±0.3     2.5±1.5     0.2±0.2*     0.6±0.4*
治愈效果分数的平均值±标准偏差(N=3)对于给予根据对比实施例1的制剂来说有显著差异:*p<0.05。
                     工业实用性
通过本发明,确认了通过加入经皮透过促进剂可使PGI2衍生物快速从皮肤吸收到体内,并使高血药水平得以长时间维持。因此,通过本发明提供了一种具有PGI2衍生物高经皮透过性的透皮吸收制剂。
这使延长药理作用并降低副作用成为可能。因此,这种制剂可被用于以局部和系统作用为目的的各种疾病的治疗。

Claims (5)

1.一种含有作为有效成分的前列腺素I2衍生物和脂肪酸或其衍生物、或它们的两种或多种混合物的经皮吸收制剂,其中所述脂肪酸或其衍生物选自:辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、C16-C22不饱和脂肪酸,或其盐。
2.根据权利要求1的制剂,其中所说有效成分为式(I)的化合物:
Figure C9519125000021
其中R1代表药学上可接受的阳离子、氢或C1-C12直链烷基基团;R2代表氢、C2-C10酰基基团或C7-C18芳酰基基团;R3代表氢、C2-C10酰基基团或C7-C18芳酰基基团;R4代表氢、甲基或乙基;n代表O或1至4的整数;R5代表C1-C5直链烷基基团;A代表i)-CH2-CH2-或ii)反式-CH=CH-;并且X代表i)-CH2-CH2-或ii)反式-CH=CH-;或其盐或酯。
3.根据权利要求1的制剂,其中所说前列腺素I2衍生物为(±)-(1R*,2R*,3aS*,8bS*)-2,3,3a,8b-四氢-2-羟基-1-〔(E)-(3S)-3-羟基-4-甲基-1-辛烯-6-炔基〕-1H-环戊〔b〕苯并呋喃-5-丁酸,即贝雷普罗,及其盐和酯。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任何一项的制剂,其中所说不饱和脂肪酸是棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、芥酸或二十二碳六烯酸。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任何一项的制剂,其中所说和脂肪酸为癸酸、月桂酸或肉豆蔻酸,而所说不饱和脂肪酸是油酸或亚油酸。
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