CN110283633A - 一种甲醇环保车用燃料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及化工燃料领域，尤其涉及一种甲醇环保车用燃料及其制备方法，由以下重量份的原料制成：甲醇38‑46份、石脑油24‑30份、皂甙2.5‑4.5份、酸催化剂0.2‑0.6份、过氧化酶0.2‑0.6份、正丁醇1‑4份、甲缩醛3‑7份、石油醚7‑11份、甲基叔丁基醚4‑5份、腐蚀抑制剂1‑3份、稳定剂1‑3份。本发明制备方法简单，得到的燃料外观上清澈透亮、不分层、无杂质，行车试验和检验中辛烷值高，燃烧充分，清洁环保，对环境友好，可有效的应用于汽车发动机。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽油机动力设备用的燃料领域，具体涉及一种甲醇环保车用燃料及其制备方法。
背景技术
甲醇燃料是利用工业甲醇或者燃料甲醇，加变性醇添加剂，按照一定的体积比(或重量比)经过严格科学的工艺调配制成的一种新型清洁能源，可代替汽油或者柴油，缓解石油或天然气等资源短缺带来的压力。甲醇具有沸点低、辛烷值高等特点，使得它作为燃料的主原料具有含氧量高、热值低的特点，较低的热值使得甲醇燃料在燃烧时存在不稳定的特点，中国专利“201710635912.X”公开了一种甲醇车用燃料，以甲醇、石脑油和芳烃为主原料制备的燃料，以添加石脑油的方式提高了燃料的热值，但是仍然存在由于甲醇燃料燃烧不完全带来的安全隐患，甲醇燃料燃烧时产生的水造成燃烧不够稳定，使得因燃烧不完全易形成非常规污染排放物，一方面甲醛的排放会比常规汽油车排放高，容易造成汽车三元催化器中毒；另一方面，不完全燃烧产物中含有会酸性物质，容易造成发动机润滑油提前酸化，限制其应用。
发明内容
为解决背景技术中提出的技术问题，本发明提供了一种甲醇环保车用燃料及其制备方法，其制备方法简单，降低了出现不完全燃烧的可能性，可有效的应用于汽车发动机。
本发明为实现上述目的而采取的技术方案为：
一种甲醇环保车用燃料，由以下重量份的原料制成：甲醇38-46份、石脑油24-30份、皂甙2.5-4.5份、酸催化剂0.2-0.6份、过氧化酶0.2-0.6份、正丁醇1-4份、甲缩醛3-7份、石油醚7-11份、甲基叔丁基醚4-5份、腐蚀抑制剂1-3份、稳定剂1-3份。
进一步，所述一种甲醇环保车用燃料，由以下重量份的原料制成：甲醇39份、石脑油25份、皂甙3份、酸催化剂0.3份、过氧化酶0.3份、正丁醇2份、甲缩醛4份、石油醚8份、甲基叔丁基醚4.2份、腐蚀抑制剂1.5份、稳定剂1.5份。
进一步，所述一种甲醇环保车用燃料，由以下重量份的原料制成：甲醇43份、石脑油27份、皂甙3.5份、酸催化剂0.4份、过氧化酶0.4份、正丁醇3份、甲缩醛5份、石油醚9份、甲基叔丁基醚4.5份、腐蚀抑制剂2份、稳定剂2份。
进一步，所述一种甲醇环保车用燃料，由以下重量份的原料制成：甲醇45份、石脑油29份、皂甙4.3份、酸催化剂0.5份、过氧化酶0.5份、正丁醇3.8份、甲缩醛6份、石油醚10份、甲基叔丁基醚4.8份、腐蚀抑制剂2.8份、稳定剂2.9份。
进一步，所述腐蚀抑制剂包括2-羟基乙胺和苯并三氮唑，其质量比为2:3。
进一步，所述腐蚀抑制剂包括2-羟基乙胺和苯并三氮唑，其质量比为1:1。
本发明提供一种甲醇环保车用燃料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：(1)常温常压下，以重量计，将甲醇、石脑油、正丁醇、甲缩醛、石油醚、甲基叔丁基醚、腐蚀抑制剂和稳定剂经由原料罐通过防爆泵打入反应釜，通过充分物理混合，静置5小时；
(2)按重量计，将皂甙、酸催化剂和过氧化酶加入反应釜中，加热至45℃，搅拌，静置至室温，即得成品甲醇环保车用燃料。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)甲醇和石脑油是燃料的主体原料，占据大部分比重，甲醇提供C、H和O的燃烧主元素，石脑油主要作为热值提高剂，可提高燃料的热值，同时可提高燃料存放周期，降低燃料的蒸发，减少损耗；
(2)皂甙在酸催化剂的作用下和水发生水解反应产生多糖和皂甙元结构，从而除去燃料中可能存在或者燃烧过程中产生的水分，可促进燃料充分燃烧，防止因不完全燃烧产生的毒害气体，过氧化酶是可促进甲醇裂解，提高甲醇燃料的燃烧效率同时辅助丁酮和丙三醇作用，使得稳定剂发挥的更充分，燃烧更稳定；
(3)甲缩醛起到助溶的目的，使溶剂得到增效；石油醚主要是作为助燃剂，其闪点低于零下20度；正丁醇起到助溶的作用，同时可洁净燃料，减少烟味；甲基叔丁基醚主要的作为抗爆剂使用，与汽油的混溶性好，吸水少，且对环境无污染，因其热值相对低需要石脑油帮助提高热值，故其比例设置为1:4；稳定剂使得燃料性质更稳定；腐蚀抑制剂由2-羟基乙胺和苯并三氮唑混合而成，其中2-羟基2胺作为添加剂在燃料中起到抗腐蚀的作用，苯并三氮唑在起到抗腐蚀的作用的同时起到防锈作用
综上所述，本发明中各组分以一定的比例相互融合、协调形成的甲醇燃料，其在外观上清澈透亮、不分层、无杂质，燃烧试验中辛烷值高，燃烧稳定且充分、含胶质极微，与现有的甲醇燃料相比燃烧更完全彻底，避免产生带毒性的易于污染环境的气体，可以有效的替代普通汽油，即替代时不需要更换汽车的发动机上的任何零部件，也不需要更换润滑油等汽车外加消耗品，使用方便。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1-5
实施例1-5所要公开的甲醇环保车用燃料配方如表1所示，制备方法如下：
按照配方，常温常压下，以重量计，首先将甲醇、石脑油、正丁醇、甲缩醛、石油醚、甲基叔丁基醚、腐蚀抑制剂和稳定剂经由原料罐通过防爆泵打入反应釜，通过充分物理混合，静置5小时；然后，按重量计，将皂甙、酸催化剂和过氧化酶加入反应釜中，加热至45℃，搅拌，静置至室温，得成品甲醇环保车用燃料。
实验
测试上述实施例1-5的所有类型燃料的质量性能以及动力性能，结果均显示，按照本发明配方提供的燃料可以燃烧的更充分，有利于环境的保护，并且可在不更换汽车零部件的条件下替代普通汽油，并达到与普通汽油动力性能相当的效果，为简要描述，以下表2-5列举实施例1的测试效果。
表1：原料表
表2：质量性能表。
表3：实施例燃烧消耗量测试结果。
表4：驱动输出功率测试结果。
表5：稳态工况法排气污染物测试结果。
表1(原料表)
表2(质量性能表)
表3(实施例1燃耗消耗量测试结果：检测标准(GB/T12545.1-2008))
表4(驱动输出功率试验结果(GB/T18276-2000))
| 污染物 | HC(10<sup>6</sup>) | CO(％) | NO(10<sup>6</sup>) | 甲醛 |
| 测试结果 | 17 | 0.16 | 3.8 | 0 |
| 限值 | 226 | 1.2 | 1845 | / |
表5(稳态工况法排气污染物测试结果(GB18285-2005HJ/T240-2005))
比对上述检验数据可知，本发明公开的这种甲醇环保车用燃料的各项性能优于现有的石油燃料，成本低廉且来源丰富，同时相较于常规的甲醇燃料，也具备绝对的优势，避免因不完全燃烧产生毒害气体，避免对人体造成危害，纺织污染环境。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种甲醇环保车用燃料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：甲醇38-46份、石脑油24-30份、皂甙2.5-4.5份、酸催化剂0.2-0.6份、过氧化酶0.2-0.6份、正丁醇1-4份、甲缩醛3-7份、石油醚7-11份、甲基叔丁基醚4-5份、腐蚀抑制剂1-3份、稳定剂1-3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种甲醇环保车用燃料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：甲醇39份、石脑油25份、皂甙3份、酸催化剂0.3份、过氧化酶0.3份、正丁醇2份、甲缩醛4份、石油醚8份、甲基叔丁基醚4.2份、腐蚀抑制剂1.5份、稳定剂1.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种甲醇环保车用燃料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：甲醇43份、石脑油27份、皂甙3.5份、酸催化剂0.4份、过氧化酶0.4份、正丁醇3份、甲缩醛5份、石油醚9份、甲基叔丁基醚4.5份、腐蚀抑制剂2份、稳定剂2份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种甲醇环保车用燃料，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：甲醇45份、石脑油29份、皂甙4.3份、酸催化剂0.5份、过氧化酶0.5份、正丁醇3.8份、甲缩醛6份、石油醚10份、甲基叔丁基醚4.8份、腐蚀抑制剂2.8份、稳定剂2.9份。
5.根据权利要求1至4任一所述的一种甲醇环保车用燃料，其特征在于：所述稳定剂包括丁酮和丙三醇，其质量比为2：3。
6.根据权利要求1至4任一所述的一种甲醇环保车用燃料，其特征在于：所述腐蚀抑制剂包括2-羟基乙胺和苯并三氮唑，其质量比为1:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种甲醇环保车用燃料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)常温常压下，以重量计，将甲醇、石脑油、正丁醇、甲缩醛、石油醚、甲基叔丁基醚、腐蚀抑制剂和稳定剂经由原料罐通过防爆泵打入反应釜，通过充分物理混合，静置5小时；
(2)按重量计，将皂甙、酸催化剂和过氧化酶加入反应釜中，加热至45℃，搅拌，静置至室温，得成品甲醇环保车用燃料。
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