CN110272457B - 一种具有光活化性能的钌配合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗肿瘤药物领域。更具体地,涉及一种具有光活化性能的钌配合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
光动力疗法和光活化化学疗法作为新型癌症治疗方法,具有时间与空间的双重选择性,因此能够降低对正常组织的毒副作用。光动力治疗依靠光照光敏剂后产生的活性氧物种杀伤癌细胞。由于活性氧物种产生效率依赖于肿瘤组织氧浓度,因此限制了其在乏氧肿瘤中的应用。
光活化化疗(photoactivated chemotherapy,PACT),通过设计合成黑暗条件下低毒性的前药分子,在光照条件下能转变成活性药物分子,从而实现对肿瘤的杀灭。光活化化疗从作用机制上摆脱了对氧气的依赖,具有更广泛的适应症,是一种颇有前景的癌症治疗手段。
钌(II)多吡啶配合物具有优良的且易于调节的光物理及光化学性质,一些钌配合物在光照条件下能发生配体解离,生成的配位不饱和物种能够以类似于顺铂的方式和DNA共价结合,展现出潜在的光活化抗肿瘤活性。但目前报道的相关钌配合物细胞光毒性较低或者暗毒性较高等缺点,限制了其临床应用。
发明内容
针对以上存在的问题,本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种具有光活化性能的钌配合物,该钌配合物具有高光毒性和低暗毒性,能克服传统化疗药物毒副作用大的缺陷。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种具有光活化性能的钌配合物的制备方法。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种具有光活化性能的钌配合物在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
为达到上述第一个目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种具有光活化性能的钌配合物,其具有如下式I所述的结构:
其中,R选自H或C1-C6的烷基;X-表示平衡电荷的一价阴离子。
可选地,所述一价阴离子选自NO3 -、(PF6)-、(ClO4)-中的一种。
可选地,所述C1-C6的烷基选自-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH2CH2CH3中的一种。
为达到上述第二个目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种具有光活化性能的钌配合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将1,10-邻二氮杂菲-5,6-二酮与4-甲氧基-邻苯二胺于溶剂中加热回流,重结晶,制备得到7-甲氧基-二吡啶并[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]吩嗪;
2)将二氯苯基钌(II)二聚体、7-甲氧基-二吡啶并[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]吩嗪于溶剂中,搅拌均匀后,加入其中,R选自H或C1-C6的烷基;再进行加热回流反应,待反应完全后,向溶液中加入六氟磷酸铵,经抽滤、提纯,得所述钌配合物。
可选地,步骤2)中,所述提纯的条件为:在硅胶层析柱上用乙腈:饱和硝酸钾水溶液=10:1的洗脱剂洗脱提纯。
可选地,在步骤2)提纯后,向得到的物质中加入一价阴离子的水溶性盐,得难溶于水的沉淀的步骤;优选地,所述一价阴离子的水溶性盐选自NH4PF6或NaClO4。
可选地,步骤1)、步骤2)中的溶剂各自独立地选自甲醇、乙醇。
为达到上述第三个目的,本发明还提供上述第一个目的提供的钌配合物在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
可选地,将所述钌配合物用于制备光活化治疗顺铂耐药肿瘤药物或将所述钌配合物用于制备光活化杀灭乏氧肿瘤药物中。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明提供的钌配合物中,首次将甲氧基引入到该结构的dppz大环平面配体,该配合物具有较低的暗毒性,在光照下能有效杀伤癌细胞,且在乏氧环境中也有较好的光毒性,对顺铂耐受细胞系也有较好的杀伤性。将本发明中提供的钌配合物在制备抗肿瘤药物中应用,因为具有该多吡啶钌配合物,故该应用具有如前所述的配合物能带来的效果。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
图1示出实施例7中Annexin V-FITC/PI染色的凋亡/坏死结果。
图2示出实施例8中的细胞摄取及定位情况。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明,下面结合优选实施例和附图对本发明做进一步的说明。附图中相似的部件以相同的附图标记进行表示。本领域技术人员应当理解,下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的,不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
钌配合物I-1的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将140mg(1mmol)4-甲氧基-1,2-苯二胺与210mg(1mmol)1,10-邻二氮杂菲-5,6-二酮在乙醇中回流三小时并在乙醇中重结晶制得7-甲氧基-二吡啶并[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]吩嗪。再将94mg(0.3mmol)7-甲氧基-二吡啶并[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]吩嗪与75mg(0.15mmol)二氯苯基钌(II)二聚体在40mL甲醇中搅拌过夜至形成澄清红色液体,再将溶剂去除,并重新溶解于40mL水中。加入1mL过量吡啶,氮气除气30分钟,加热回流2小时后冷却。产物在硅胶层析柱上用乙腈:饱和硝酸钾水溶液=10:1的洗脱剂洗脱提纯,再利用硝酸钾在乙醇中的低溶解度去除过柱产物中多余的硝酸钾。再将得到产物用丙酮,乙醚及正己烷清洗,得到纯的钌配合物I-1,其结构式如下式所示,
制备得到的该钌配合物核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,CD3CN)δ9.60(dd,J=13.7,8.1Hz,2H),8.84(dd,J=11.9,5.3Hz,2H),8.34(d,J=5.8Hz,4H),8.24(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.06–7.96(m,4H),7.74–7.60(m,8H),7.49(t,J=6.8Hz,4H),7.00(t,J=7.0Hz,4H),4.04(s,3H).高分辨质谱得到阳离子的离子峰:HR ESI–MS:[C39H32N8ORu]2+,理论值:365.0872,实测值:365.0874
实施例2
所得钌配合物核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,CD3CN)δ9.57(dd,J=14.0,8.2Hz,2H),8.88(dd,J=11.6,5.4Hz,2H),8.23(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.17–8.10(m,4H),7.99(m,J=13.2,5.9Hz,2H),7.82(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.67(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),7.63(s,1H),7.49(s,2H),7.45(d,J=6.5Hz,4H),7.40–7.34(t,2H),6.84(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),4.04(s,3H),2.26(s,6H),2.06(s,6H).高分辨质谱得到阳离子的离子峰:HR ESI–MS:[C43H40N8ORu]2+,理论值:393.1185,实测值:393.1184。
实施例3
重复实施例1,区别在于,将吡啶替换为:4-乙基-吡啶(I-3),所得钌配合物的结构式为
所得钌配合物核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,CD3CN)δ9.57(dd,J=13.6,8.3Hz,2H),8.84(dd,J=12.0,5.4Hz,2H),8.24(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.17(d,J=6.0Hz,4H),7.98(m,J=13.6,5.8Hz,2H),7.67(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),7.63(s,1H),7.51(d,J=5.7Hz,4H),7.34(d,J=5.8Hz,4H),6.84(d,J=5.8Hz,4H),4.04(s,3H),2.76(q,J=7.5Hz,4H),2.45(q,J=7.5Hz,4H),1.23(t,J=7.6Hz,6H),0.97(t,J=7.5Hz,6H).高分辨质谱得到阳离子的离子峰:HRESI–MS:[C47H48N8ORu]2+,理论值:421.1497,实测值:421.1495。
实施例4
重复实施例1,区别在于,将吡啶替换为:4-丙基-吡啶(I-4),所得钌配合物的结构式为
所得钌配合物核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,CD3CN)δ9.70(dd,J=13.5,8.5Hz,2H),8.95(dd,J=12.1,5.4Hz,2H),8.37(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),8.28(d,J=6.1Hz,4H),8.10(m,2H),7.80(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),7.76(s,1H),7.62(d,J=5.5Hz,4H),7.43(d,J=5.3Hz,4H),6.93(d,J=5.4Hz,4H),4.16(s,3H),2.81(t,J=7.6Hz,4H),2.55–2.45(t,4H),1.78(q,J=14.9,7.1Hz,4H),1.50(q,J=15.1,7.4Hz,4H),1.06(t,J=7.2Hz,6H),0.83(t,J=7.2Hz,6H).高分辨质谱得到阳离子的离子峰:HR ESI–MS:[C51H56N8ORu]2+,理论值:449.1810,实测值:449.1808。
实施例5
采用MTT方法,进行体外细胞毒性测定:在组分为10%的胎牛血清,1%双抗(青霉素-链霉素抗体)的RPMI-1640培养液中,分别培养HeLa(人宫颈癌细胞)、A549(人肺癌细胞)和SKOV-3(人卵巢癌细胞),培养条件为37℃、5%CO2及饱和湿度,平均1-2天换一次培养液,待细胞长满培养盒后用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化并对每种培养液中的细胞进行传代。取每种培养液中处于对数期的传代细胞,并用组分为10%胚胎牛血清和1%双抗的培养液配制成浓度为2×104/mL单细胞悬液。将每种单细胞悬液用两块已灭菌的96孔细胞培养板接种,每孔200μL,在37℃、5%CO2及饱和湿度的条件下培养24h,将每种单细胞悬液分为10个组并分别加入0,2,4,10,20,40,80,120,160,200μM等10个浓度梯度的上述实施例1-4制备得到的钌配合物,每个浓度梯度均设无光照组和光照组。将培养板置于37℃、5%CO2及饱和湿度的条件下培养4h后,将培养液移除,加入新的培养液并将其中一板置于470nm的波长下照射30min,而另一板不光照,将这两板置于培养箱中培养24h后,在每孔中加入含5毫克/毫升MTT的无血清培养基继续培养4h。吸出溶液,用甲醇:二甲基亚砜=1:1溶解,再将96孔板置于酶标仪(光源的波长为450nm)检测各孔OD值。统计梯度实验结果,计算IC50值,结果如表1所示。
表1 实施例1-4制备得到的配合物的抗肿瘤活性IC50值与顺铂比较
由表1数据可以看出,本发明提供的钌配合物在光照条件下表现出良好的抗肿瘤活性,尤其是对耐受顺铂的细胞系依然展现了高的光毒性,同时保持了较高的光暗毒性差异。
实施例6
光活化化疗与光动力治疗相比优点在于治疗过程不依赖氧气,进而在实际应用中更能适应肿瘤组织的乏氧环境。将A549与SKOV-3细胞在3%氧气环境下进行MTT实验,除含氧量外其他条件与实施例1近似,选用实施例4制备得到的配合物I-4,所得IC50值如表2。
表2 配合物I-4乏氧环境的抗肿瘤活性IC50值
如表2所示,配合物I-4对两种细胞的光暗毒性均未因乏氧环境产生明显变化,与其不依赖氧气的抗肿瘤机制相一致。将配合物I-1~I-3按该方法进行试验,结果与配合物I-4相近。
实施例7
细胞死亡机制通常用Annexin V-FITC/PI染色,使用流式细胞仪进行鉴别。
具体结果如图1所示:其中,活细胞无法被染色出现在第三象限,早期凋亡细胞被Annexin V-FITC染色出现在第四象限,而晚期凋亡和坏死细胞被PI标记出现在第二象限。A549细胞与实施例4制备得到的配合物I-4共培养4小时后光照(470nm,22.5mW)20分钟(a),或不光照(b),再继续培养10小时,用商业Annexin V-FITC/PI试剂盒染色,可以观察到暗对照组无明显毒性,光照条件下引发细胞凋亡。
将配合物I-1~I-3按该方法进行试验,结果与配合物I-4相近。
实施例8
电感耦合等离子质谱摄取实验
向HeLa,A549,SKOV-3细胞加入4μM的实施例4制备得到的配合物I-4培养4小时,使用商用试剂盒分离细胞质与细胞核后,将样品分别用王水消解,蒸干,并重新定容与2%硝酸溶液当中,利用电感耦合等离子质谱检测金属钌的含量。可由图2得知,配合物有较好的细胞摄取,并选择性在细胞核富集,这归结于dppz类配合物能和DNA嵌插结合,为进一步光照引发DNA共价交联杀灭肿瘤细胞提供了基础。
将配合物I-1~I-3按该方法进行试验,结果与配合物I-4相近。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举,凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (4)
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述一价阴离子选自NO3 -、(PF6)-、(ClO4)-中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述C1-C6的烷基选自-CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH2CH2CH3中的一种。
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