CN111087429A - 一种具有光活化抗菌的钌配合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种具有光活化抗菌的钌配合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗菌药物领域。更具体地,涉及一种具有光活化抗菌的钌配合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)是当今世界得性感染的最常见原因之一,在临床上可以引发一系列疾病,例如肺炎、心内膜炎、骨髓炎、关节炎和败血症。由于耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌如耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的出现和广泛传播,治疗此类感染的难度越来越大。迄今为止,MRSA已发展成对的抗生素包括万古霉素、克林霉素、莫匹罗星和利奈唑胺在内的多种抗生素产生了耐药性。
金黄色葡萄球菌具有一种特殊的机制可以躲避抗生素的攻击,大量报道表明,金黄色葡萄球菌能够侵入哺乳动物细胞,主要是吞噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞并在其中生存。宿主的庇护可保护其免受人体免疫系统和常用抗生素的侵袭,从而导致慢性和反复感染。
因此,需要提供一种在光照条件下对细菌表现出杀伤性而对细胞有较小的损伤的化合物。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种具有光活化抗菌的钌配合物,其具有穿透细胞膜和细菌的能力,却不具备穿透细胞核的能力,在光照条件下对细菌表现出强的杀伤性而对细胞有较小的损伤,能克服细菌对传统化疗抗生素的耐药性。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种具有光活化抗菌的钌配合物的制备方法。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种具有光活化抗菌的钌配合物的应用。
为达到上述第一个目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种具有光活化抗菌的钌配合物,具有如下式I所述的结构:
其中,R选自H或-OCH3;X-表示平衡电荷的一价阴离子。
进一步地,所述一价阴离子选自NO3 -、PF6 -中的一种。
为达到上述第二个目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种具有光活化抗菌的钌配合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)将4-甲氧基-邻苯二胺与1,10-邻二氮杂菲-5,6-二酮于溶剂中加热回流,重结晶,制备得到7-甲氧基-二吡啶并[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]吩嗪;
2)将7-甲氧基-二吡啶并[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]吩嗪、二氯苯基钌(II)二聚体于溶剂中,搅拌均匀后,加入其中,R选自H或-OCH3;再进行加热回流反应,待反应完全后,向溶液中加入六氟磷酸铵,经抽滤、提纯,再加入所述一价阴离子的水溶性盐,得所述钌配合物。
进一步地,所述提纯的条件为:在硅胶层析柱上用乙腈:饱和硝酸钾水溶液=10:1的洗脱剂洗脱提纯。
进一步地,所述一价阴离子的水溶性盐为NH4PF6或KNO3。
进一步地,步骤1)、步骤2)中的溶剂各自独立地选自甲醇、乙醇。
为达到上述第三个目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种具有光活化抗菌的钌配合物在制备抗菌药物中的应用。
进一步地,将所述钌配合物用于制备光活化抗菌药物中。
进一步地,所述菌选自金黄色葡萄球菌。
进一步地,所述金黄色葡萄球菌选自耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。
进一步地,所述光是指可见光。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明提供的钌配合物中,首次将钌(II)多吡啶配合物应用于细胞内细菌通过光活化化疗进行杀灭。该配合物具有穿透细胞与细菌的能力却不会进入细胞核,带有dppz配体的钌(II)多吡啶配合物与DNA具有结合能力,进而在光照条件下杀灭细菌而对细胞有较小的损伤。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
图1示出实施例5中I-2在L-02与HeLa细胞中的摄取与定位情况。
图2示出实施例6中的细菌在细胞内的存活率情况。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明,下面结合优选实施例和附图对本发明做进一步的说明。附图中相似的部件以相同的附图标记进行表示。本领域技术人员应当理解,下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的,不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
钌配合物I-1的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将210mg(1mmol)1,10-邻二氮杂菲-5,6-二酮与140mg(1mmol)4-甲氧基-1,2-苯二胺在甲醇中回流三小时并在乙醇中重结晶制得7-甲氧基-二吡啶并[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]吩嗪。再将100mg(0.2mmol)二氯苯基钌(II)二聚体与125mg(0.4mmol)7-甲氧基-二吡啶并[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]吩嗪在50mL乙醇中搅拌过夜至形成澄清黄色液体,再将溶剂去除,并重新溶解于50mL水中。加入1mL吡啶,氮气除气30分钟,加热回流2小时后冷却。产物在硅胶层析柱上用乙腈:饱和硝酸钾水溶液=9:1的洗脱剂洗脱提纯,再将产物溶于水,滴加饱和六氟磷酸铵溶液,抽滤得到沉淀用乙醚及正己烷清洗,得到纯的钌配合物I-1,其结构式如下式所示,
制备得到的该钌配合物核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,CD3CN)δ9.60(dd,J=13.7,8.1Hz,2H),8.84(dd,J=11.9,5.3Hz,2H),8.34(d,J=5.8Hz,4H),8.24(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.06–7.96(m,4H),7.74–7.60(m,8H),7.49(t,J=6.8Hz,4H),7.00(t,J=7.0Hz,4H),4.04(s,3H).高分辨质谱得到阳离子的离子峰:HR ESI–MS:[C39H32N8ORu]2+,理论值:365.0872,实测值:365.0874.
实施例2
重复实施例1,区别在于,将吡啶替换为:4-甲氧基-吡啶(I-2),所得钌配合物的结构式为下述式I-2所示:
所得钌配合物核磁数据为:1H NMR(400MHz,CD3COCD3)δ9.64(dd,J=18.9,8.2Hz,2H),9.22(dd,J=12.7,5.5Hz,2H),8.40(d,J=6.3Hz,4H),8.32(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),8.19(dd,J=13.9,5.9Hz,2H),7.77-7.69(m,6H),7.21(t,J=6.9Hz,4H),6.69(d,J=6.5Hz,4H),4.09(s,3H),3.97(s,6H),3.68(s,6H).HR ESI–MS:[C39H32N8ORu]2+,理论值:425.1124,实测值:425.1082.
实施例3
在平板上挑取单个菌落置于LB肉汤培养基在37℃的摇床中中培养16小时后,调整菌液浓度直至OD600约为0.5后再用LB肉汤培养基稀释1000倍。在96孔板上第1个孔加入180μL稀释后的肉汤菌液,2-10孔分别加入100μL菌液。再第一孔加入一定浓度的药物,混匀后吸取100μL混合液加入第二孔,混匀后重复上述操作直至第九孔混匀后吸出100μL弃去,第十孔不加药作对照。其中加入钌配合物的实验组需在加药半小时后置于470nm22.5mV的LED灯下光照20分钟。继续培养16小时,以肉眼观察开始不生长细菌的浓度即是最小抑菌浓度。继续向带有细菌的小孔中加入10μL 0.025%的刃天青,一小时后观察颜色变化,颜色未发生变化的最小浓度即为最小杀菌浓度。结果如表1所示。
表1配合物I-1、I-2在光照下,甲氧西林、万古霉素、利福平的最小抑菌浓度与最小杀菌浓度
由表1可知,本发明提供的钌多吡啶配合物具有良好的杀菌效果,优于传统的抗生素,尤其是在对MRSA具有更好的结果。
实施例4
采用MTT方法,对哺乳细胞的体外毒性进行测定:在组分为10%的胎牛血清,1%的双抗(青霉素-链霉素抗体)的RPMI-1640培养液中,分别培养HeLa(人宫颈癌细胞)、L-02(人胎肝细胞)和J774A.1(小鼠单核巨噬细胞),培养条件为37℃、5%CO2及饱和湿度,平均1~2天换一次培养液,待细胞长满培养盒后用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化并对每种培养液中的细胞进行传代。取每种培养液中处于对数期的传代细胞,并用组分为10%胚胎牛血清和1%双抗的培养液配制成浓度为2×104/mL单细胞悬液。将每种单细胞悬液用两块已灭菌的96孔细胞培养板接种,每孔200μL,在37℃、5%CO2及饱和湿度的条件下培养24h。将每种单细胞悬液分为10个组并分别加入0,2,4,10,20,40,80,120,160,200μM等10个浓度梯度的上述实施例1-4制备得到的钌配合物,每个浓度梯度均设无光照组和光照组。将培养板置于37℃、5%CO2及饱和湿度的条件下培养4h后,将培养液移除,加入新的培养液并将其中一板置于470nm的波长下照射30min,而另一板不光照,将这两板置于培养箱中培养24h后,在每孔中加入含5毫克/毫升MTT的无血清培养基继续培养4h。吸出溶液,用甲醇:二甲基亚砜=1:1溶解,再将96孔板置于酶标仪(光源的波长为450nm)检测各孔OD值。统计梯度实验结果,计算IC50值,结果如表2所示。
表2实施例1、2制备得到的配合物对细胞的毒性
由表2数据可以看出,本发明提供的钌配合物在光照条件下的最小抑菌浓度均小于对细胞的半数致死浓度,即可以在对人体细胞相对安全的前提下抑制细菌的生长。
实施例5
电感耦合等离子质谱摄取实验
向HeLa,L-02细胞加入1μM的实施例2制备得到的配合物I-2培养4小时,使用商用试剂盒分离细胞质与细胞核后,将样品分别用王水消解,蒸干,并重新定容与2%硝酸溶液当中,利用电感耦合等离子质谱检测金属钌的含量。可由图1得知,配合物有较好的细胞摄取,证实了该配合物具有穿透细胞杀灭胞内菌的潜力。而大部分配合物未能富集与细胞核,表明该配合物几乎不会与细胞核内的DNA作用,从而避免了较大的细胞毒性。
实施例6
细胞内细菌的杀灭实验
将J774A.1细胞以4×105细胞的密度种于六孔板,并以每细胞10-20个细菌的比例感染金黄色葡萄球菌或MRSA。然后将细胞培养基换成含有50μg/mL庆大霉素的DMEM以抑制细胞外细菌的生长。感染1天后,将实施例2中所得的配合物I-2或待测抗生素添加到培养基中,并孵育4小时。将加入了I-2的配合物3的六孔板光照30分钟(470nm 22.5mV),再放入培养箱继续培养四小时。以此同时,加入抗生素的六孔板一直处于培养箱的环境,并用接下来的方法测定胞内菌的存活率。
将1mL含有0.1%牛血清白蛋白和0.1%Triton-X的Hanks缓冲盐溶液加入到六孔板中使细胞J774A.1裂解。将裂解后所得的溶液在含0.05%Tween-20的PBS中稀释至合适的浓度并滴加在3M Petrifilm计数片上,培养24小时后通过CFU计数对存活的细胞内细菌进行定量。
由图2可以看出,万古霉素对胞内细菌的抑制作用非常有限,在20μM时仅约10%。利福平是针对细胞内细菌的最佳抗生素之一,在5μM时抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和MRSA的生长约80%。在光照条件下,I-2可以对细胞内的金葡和MRSA均表现出更强的抑制作用,5μM的抑制率可达90%。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举,凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的钌配合物,其特征在于,所述一价阴离子选自NO3 -、PF6 -中的一种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述提纯的条件为:在硅胶层析柱上用乙腈:饱和硝酸钾水溶液=10:1的洗脱剂洗脱提纯。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述一价阴离子的水溶性盐为NH4PF6或KNO3。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)、步骤2)中的溶剂各自独立地选自甲醇、乙醇。
8.如权利要求1-2任一项所述的钌配合物在制备抗菌药物中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,将所述钌配合物用于制备光活化抗菌药物中。
10.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述菌选自金黄色葡萄球菌;优选地,所述金黄色葡萄球菌选自耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌。
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