CN110256062B - 一种中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷和制备方法 - Google Patents

一种中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷和制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110256062B
CN110256062B CN201910633216.4A CN201910633216A CN110256062B CN 110256062 B CN110256062 B CN 110256062B CN 201910633216 A CN201910633216 A CN 201910633216A CN 110256062 B CN110256062 B CN 110256062B
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麦潮棠
钟放平
汪大谷
柯志勇
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Hunan Hualian Ceramics Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷和制备方法，包括坯料和釉料，所述坯料中各化学成分的质量百分含量如下：SiO2 57‑59％，Al2O3 30‑35％，CaO 0.1‑0.5％，MgO 2‑2.5％，K2O 3‑3.5％，Na2O 0.1‑0.5％，抗折强度为100‑120Mpa；所述中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷的制备方法为：将坯料制成生坯，上釉，干燥后进行烧成处理，烧成温度为1260‑1280℃，保温20～25分钟，自然冷却，温度降到1100℃时，再保温30分钟，然后继续冷却，得到中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷，本发明增强坯体的抗折强度，提高产品的断裂韧性，解决制品的易破损的缺陷。

Description

一种中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷和制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于一种日用陶瓷技术领域，具体是涉及到一种中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷和制备方法。
背景技术
我国所生产目前用于日用餐具陶瓷的裂纹釉产品主要是：1、以高硅低铝(SiO263-71％，Al2O3 18-24％)瓷质为主，而高硅低铝瓷的成瓷中的晶相是以玻璃相为主，针状莫来石的晶相较少，故其成瓷抗折强度低(60MPa或以下)，而令产品的出窑时或出窑后存放一段时间后的炸瓷破损率较高；2、因其产品破损率高，故在装饰上一般都是在使用接触面(内表面)采用裂纹釉，而外表面配以各种不裂纹的哑光釉的装饰方法进行生产，以降低成瓷的破损率；3、其坯体膨胀系数一般都在6.5～7.3×10-6/℃的范围，为使产品釉面能产生裂纹效果，其所匹配的釉料的一般都是使用膨胀系数为10～11×10-6/℃或以上的高膨胀釉，而这些高膨胀釉中钾钠等挥发性熔剂含量较高，令釉在高温烧成时易挥发，缩短窑炉的使用寿命。
中国专利申请号为CN201610194222.0的专利公开了一种彩色裂纹陶瓷的制备方法，包括如下步骤：按比例称取叶腊石、氧化铝、长石、超细石英粉、硅酸锆、木鱼石粉、氮化硼、氧化镁、红外反射二氧化钛、光稳定剂制备陶瓷泥坯体；按比例称取长石粉、钙镁粉、硅灰石、方解石、AS树脂、紫金土、五氧化二钒、煅烧氧化锌、纳米氧化铁、碳酸钙、热稳定剂、耐化学品改性剂、羧甲基纤维素和水制备透明釉浆；将陶瓷泥坯体浸入所得透明釉浆使陶瓷表面层积釉层，干燥后，装窑烧制；打开窑门，使陶瓷半成品表面的釉层产生裂纹，浸入带颜色的釉浆中，取出干燥，烧制。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷和制备方法，增强坯体的抗折强度，提高产品的断裂韧性，解决制品的易破损的缺陷。
本发明的内容为一种中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷，包括坯料和釉料，所述坯料中各化学成分的质量百分含量如下：SiO2 57-59％，Al2O3 30-35％，CaO 0.1-0.5％，MgO 2-2.5％，K2O 3-3.5％，Na2O 0.1-0.5％，抗折强度为100-120Mpa；所述中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷的制备方法为：将坯料制成生坯，上釉，干燥后进行烧成处理，烧成温度为1260-1280℃，保温20～25分钟，自然冷却，温度降到1100℃时，再保温30分钟，然后继续冷却，得到中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷。
本发明的吸水率为0.5％或以下，密度为2.3-2.5g/cm3；抗折强度为100-120Mpa，本发明的坯料中通常还含有0.5-0.6％重量百分数的氧化铁，0.01-0.05％重量百分数的氧化钛。
优选的，坯料的原料包括以下组分及各自重量份：
Figure BDA0002128822700000021
优选的，坯料的原料包括以下组分及各自重量份：莫来石35份，钾长石25份，高岭土20份，黑泥11份，贵州土6份，混合矿化剂3份。
所述混合矿化剂为滑石与钒酸盐的混合物；所述滑石与钒酸盐的重量配比为50:(1～1.5)。
本发明提供一种中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1、按照坯料的各原料及重量配比，将原料混合，湿法球磨，坯浆达到所需的细度后过筛、除铁、榨泥、练泥、沉腐，然后进行滚压成型得到湿坯，干燥，修坯得到生坯；
2、生坯上普通色釉，干燥后在辊道窑内进行一次烧成，烧成温度为1260-1280℃，恒温20～25分钟，至温度降到1100℃时，再保温30分钟，后继续冷却得到中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷。
优选的，步骤1所述坯浆的细度为过250目筛余0.05-0.1％。
优选的，所述球磨步骤中，原料、球石、水的重量比为1:1.4～1.7:1～1.3。
优选的，步骤1所述球磨时间为17h，步骤2所述一次烧成的周期为6～8h。
本发明中，莫来石优选为山西大同经1200℃煅烧莫来石粉，其针状莫来石晶相含量约占70％或以上；钾长石优选为湖北通城钾长石，高岭土优选为广东韶关高岭土与贵州特级高岭土，黑泥优选为广东新会水洗黑泥。
本发明中的各种原料，其主要成分如表1所述：
表1原料各组分的成分表
SiO<sub>2</sub> Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> CaO MgO K<sub>2</sub>O Na<sub>2</sub>O 烧失量
山西莫来石 54.27 44.3 0.35 0.15 0.18 0.2 0 0.4
湖北钾长石 72.27 15.39 0.21 0.24 0.01 8.77 2.56 0.42
特级贵州土 46.24 37.55 0.96 0 0.01 0.05 0 14.99
韶关高岭土 48.71 35.51 0.69 0.03 0.23 2.26 0.68 11.72
新会水洗黑泥 51.17 31.83 1.24 0.14 0.27 1.07 0.05 13.65
混合矿化剂 61.45 / 0.2 4.74 30.07 0 0 1.05
本发明的有益效果是，本发明以莫来石为主体材料，配以大量高岭土、适量起助熔作用的长石，及小量含镁金属氧化物滑石矿物与钒酸盐混合加工而成的的矿化剂，在原生莫来石(配方原料中的莫来石)的基础上，配以大量高岭土，形成陶瓷成品泥硅低(57-59％)铝高(30-35％)的成份状态，且成品泥中游离石英很少，在适当烧成制度下所产生的玻璃晶相对很少，在富铝的状态下再通过矿化剂(滑石与钒酸盐混合物)的高温催化作用下，大部分在原有莫来石的周围催生出更多不规则的针状莫来石晶体；同时通过对烧成曲线的调整，在高温保火后，在温度降至1100℃是再保温30分钟，让高温时所熔解的部分莫来石晶体重结晶出针状莫来石晶体；在以上双重作用下，保证针状莫来石相互穿插构成的空间骨架状态，增强成瓷坯体的机械强度，提高产品的断裂韧性，，造成产品炸裂；另本发明坯体所搭配的釉料为挥发性助熔剂(如钾钠氧化物)较少的普通釉色，故对窑炉及窑具的损害较少，对窑炉的使用寿命及环境保护有一定的保障。
本发明所述矿化剂泛指内生成矿化作用中，对坯中的晶体起催生与增生作用的物质。加入少量的矿化剂能降低烧成时晶体的转化温度及增加晶体的转化率，从而改善制品某些性能。本发明所用的矿化剂属复合矿化剂。
本发明通过配方与烧成工艺的改良，增加成瓷坯体中的不规则排列的针状莫来石的量，增强坯体的抗折强度，提高产品的断裂韧性，解决制品的易破损的缺陷；并通过控制配方中硅铝的含量，令坯体在搭配各类熔剂量不高的普通釉色(包括亮光釉、哑光釉或反应釉)，烧成后均产生细小的裂纹效果。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本发明的配方中的组分和含量为：
Figure BDA0002128822700000031
所述混合矿化剂为滑石与钒酸盐的复合物，混合矿化剂中滑石与钒酸盐的比例为50：1～1.5。
准确配出上述配方中各原料重量，按上制泥方法制作泥条、成型生坯、施釉、置于窑中1280℃温度6.5小时烧成(烧成方式为加热至1280℃，恒温20～25分钟，至温度降到1100℃时，再保温30分钟，然后自然冷却到室温)，所得的高铝日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷产品吸水率测试及热稳定性测试如下：
吸水率测试：
Figure BDA0002128822700000032
热稳定性测试：
样品编号 热稳定性(160℃--20℃)
A 通过
B 通过
C 通过
D 通过
E 通过
抗折强度测试：
样品编号 抗折强度(MPa)
A 103
B 107
C 111
实施例2
本发明的配方中的组分和含量为：
Figure BDA0002128822700000041
所述混合矿化剂为滑石与钒酸盐的复合物。混合矿化剂中滑石与钒酸盐的比例为50：1～1.5。
准确配出上述配方中各原料重量，按上制泥方法制作泥条、成型生坯、施釉、置于窑中1270℃温度6.5小时烧成(烧成方式为加热至1270℃，恒温20～25分钟，至温度降到1100℃时，再保温30分钟，然后自然冷却到室温)，所得高铝日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷产品吸水率测试及热稳定性测试如下：
吸水率测试：
Figure BDA0002128822700000042
热稳定性测试：
样品编号 热稳定性(160℃--20℃)
A 通过
B 通过
C 通过
D 通过
E 通过
抗折强度测试：
样品编号 抗折强度(MPa)
A 115
B 108
C 112
实施例3
本发明的配方中的组分和含量为：
Figure BDA0002128822700000051
所述混合矿化剂为滑石与钒酸盐的复合物。混合矿化剂中滑石与钒酸盐的比例为50：1～1.5。
准确配出上述配方中各原料重量，按上制泥方法制作泥条、成型生坯、施釉、置于窑中1260℃温度7小时烧成(烧成方式为加热至1260℃，恒温20～25分钟，至温度降到1100℃时，再保温30分钟，然后自然冷却到室温)，所得高铝日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷产品吸水率测试及热稳定性测试如下：
吸水率测试：
Figure BDA0002128822700000052
热稳定性测试：
样品编号 热稳定性(160℃--20℃)
A 通过
B 通过
C 通过
D 通过
E 通过
抗折强度测试：
样品编号 抗折强度(MPa)
A 113
B 117
C 119
成瓷坯体的机械强度的增加，主要体现在抗折强度上，而本发明中生成针状莫来石相互穿插构成的空间骨架是增加成瓷坯体机械强度主要因素，而生成针状莫来石相互穿插构成的空间骨架，对于阻止裂纹釉开裂时，因釉对坯体所产生的扩张应力，而导致坯体开裂起关键作用。故在本发明中抗折强度越高，坯体的裂韧性越好。
本发明是根据我国日用陶瓷抗热震性测试国家标准(GB/T3532—2009)中，在要求测试温度下，一次性测试5件产品，任一件产品都必须通过该要求温度的抗热震性测试，方为通过测试，任一件不通过，则判断为不通过。
对比例1
本对比例1和实施例3相比，区别在于烧成方式不同，对比例1的烧成方式为在加热至1260℃，恒温20～40分钟，然后自然冷却到室温。进行测试结果如下。
吸水率测试：
Figure BDA0002128822700000061
热稳定性测试：
样品编号 热稳定性(160℃--20℃)
A 通过
B 通过
C 通过
D 通过
E 通过
抗折强度测试：
样品编号 抗折强度(MPa)
A 98
B 96
C 95
从上述结果可以看出，采用本发明的烧成方式，可以极大提高产品的抗折强度。

Claims (7)

1.一种中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷，包括坯料和釉料，其特征是，所述坯料中各化学成分的质量百分含量如下：SiO2 57-59％，Al2O3 30-35％，CaO 0.1-0.5％，MgO 2-2.5％，K2O 3-3.5％，Na2O 0.1-0.5％，抗折强度为100-120MPa；所述中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷的制备方法为：将坯料制成生坯，上釉，干燥后进行烧成处理，烧成温度为1260-1280℃，保温20～25分钟，自然冷却，温度降到1100℃时，再保温30分钟，然后继续冷却，得到中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷；
坯料的原料包括以下组分及各自重量份：
Figure FDA0003037211730000011
所述混合矿化剂为滑石与钒酸盐的混合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷，其特征是，所述滑石与钒酸盐的重量配比为50:(1～1.5)。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述的中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷的制备方法，其特征是，包括如下步骤：
1、按照坯料的各原料及重量配比，将原料混合，湿法球磨，坯浆达到所需的细度后过筛、除铁、榨泥、练泥、陈腐，然后进行滚压成型得到湿坯，干燥，修坯得到生坯；
2、生坯上普通色釉，干燥后在辊道窑内进行一次烧成，烧成温度为1260-1280℃，恒温20～25分钟，至温度降到1100℃时，再保温30分钟，后继续冷却得到中温日用双面裂纹釉陶瓷。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1所述坯浆的细度为过250目筛余0.05-0.1％。
5.如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征是，所述球磨步骤中，原料、球石、水的重量比为1:1.4～1.7:1～1.3。
6.如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1所述球磨时间为17h。
7.如权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2所述一次烧成的周期为6～8h。
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