CN110249877A - A kind of control grass ecological plastic film that organic plantation uses and its preparation and application - Google Patents
A kind of control grass ecological plastic film that organic plantation uses and its preparation and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN110249877A CN110249877A CN201910678480.XA CN201910678480A CN110249877A CN 110249877 A CN110249877 A CN 110249877A CN 201910678480 A CN201910678480 A CN 201910678480A CN 110249877 A CN110249877 A CN 110249877A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of control grass ecological plastic film that organic plantation uses and its preparation and application, and controlling careless ecological plastic film from top to bottom includes light shield layer, microbial layer, amplification layer；Light shield layer is cow dung and/or sheep dung and plant material by biological dressing made of the fermentation of secondary dystopy；Microbial layer is prepared by the following method: being embedded using seawood meal to careless microbial bacterial agent is pressed down, then the microbial layer is made using half gelatinization cornstarch embedding；The amplification layer is for pressing down the amplification breeding of careless microbial bacteria in microbial layer；The amplification layer includes extexine and central core；The extexine is soluble paper, and the central core is nutrition base.The present invention carries out effective weeds control using the direct suppression grass effect of the indirect careless microorganism of suppression pressed down in careless effect and microbial layer and biological dressing of mulch shading, presses down careless excellent effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to prevention and control of weeds technical fields, and in particular to a kind of control grass ecological plastic film that organic plantation uses and its
Preparation and application.
Background technique
Organic agriculture is the method production by organic agriculture production system and processes pollution-free, pure natural, safe agriculture
Product, the plant development process prohibition of organic crops include pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide using all artificial synthesized chemical substances
Deng.Weeds are one of the major issues in agricultural production, are to influence remaining most one of the direct factor of crop.Weeds generally have
The advantages such as the speed of growth is fast, nutrition absorption rate is high, therefore violent liquid manure contention, illumination contention can occur with crop for weeds；It is miscellaneous
The good vector of careless or many disease pests is the good hibernacle of winter disease pest, influences farmland and breeds pest and disease damage, causes
Crop failure and quality reduce.Since organic agriculture must not use herbicide, in organic farmland, weeds type and quantity is relatively more
More, the weeds of organic agriculture can generate bigger threat in organic agriculture plant development than conventional agriculture plant development, to having
The yield of machine agricultural products is an important bottlenecks.
The control of weeds of organic plantation, since chemical herbicide cannot be used, generally with artificial weeding and weeding by machine etc.
Based on physical weed control method.Artificial weeding effect is good but artificial investment is big, low efficiency, at high cost, especially has area is biggish
Comprehensive benefit is very low in machine plant；Weeding by machine's work efficiency greatly improves, but using by one in the more complex plantation of landform
Definite limitation.There are mainly three types of modes for the biological weed control method developed at present, first is that by artificial intercropping green manure plant, green manure plant
While inhibiting or preventing and kill off other weeds, fertilizer is used as in can also turning over green manure to ground every year；Second is that being with certain plants
Raw material is by simple artificial extraction antimicrobial composition to grass and medicament is made, and the medicament is used to carry out weeds control；Third is that being eaten using animal
Sex differernce carrys out weeding, such as put chicken in a suitable place to breed in tea place, goose gives tea place weeding.In addition, some covering methods have been developed at present
To carry out weeds control, such as agricultural film covering, improving straw mulching etc..The mulch of black mulch film and other colors is covered all to weeds
Prevention and control have the effect of certain, and for plastic film not degradable the shortcomings that cannot be used for organic plantation, people also developed more
The agricultural film of kind addition degradable biological sill；But due to various agricultural film poor air permeabilities, the soil at agricultural film covering is chronically at
Temperature height, oxygen-deficient condition, it is unfavorable to the good Ecological Distribution of Soil Microorganisms environment for keeping organic farmland.It is used at present
Improving straw mulching method is directly covered including other agricultural wastes using the agricultural crop straws and husk, branch etc. such as straw, but
Since covering is without fermenting-ripening, there are nature putrefactions after covering, have Short-Term High Temperature to the surface temperature of soil and lack
The adverse effect of oxygen, corrupt flora also deteriorate the microorganism ecological environment of organic farmland soil.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes plastic film in the prior art is not degradable, degradable biological sill agricultural film poor air permeability,
Soil at agricultural film covering is chronically at temperature height, oxygen-deficient condition, the micro- life of good soil to organic farmland is kept
Object ecological environment is unfavorable.It is directly covered using agricultural wastes, but since covering is without fermenting-ripening, existed after covering at present
Natural putrefaction, there is the adverse effect of Short-Term High Temperature and anoxic to the surface temperature of soil, and corrupt flora also deteriorates organic
The technical problems such as the microorganism ecological environment of agricultural land soil provide a kind of control grass ecological plastic film that organic plantation uses and its preparation
And application method.
To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of control grass ecological plastic film of organic plantation, the careless ecological plastic film of the control from top to bottom includes light shield layer, microorganism
Layer, amplification layer；
The light shield layer is to be applied cow dung and/or sheep dung and plant material by biology made of the fermentation of secondary dystopy
Material；
The microbial layer is prepared by the following method:
A, the water that 1/4~1/3 seawood meal quality is added into seawood meal is placed in ball mill, at 60 DEG C, 30~
2~3h is ground under the revolving speed of 40r/s and obtains seawood meal slurries, and after seawood meal slurries are cooled to room temperature, addition presses down careless microorganism
Microbial inoculum carries out spray drying and pulvis is made after being stirred；
B, after the water of 1/2 cornstarch quality is added to cornstarch, 75~80 DEG C of stirrings is placed in and are gelatinized 30~40min,
It is cooled to static 20~30min at 50~60 DEG C, continues cool to 35~40 DEG C, the pulvis stirring that addition step a is obtained is equal
It is even to obtain microbiological gum solution；
C, the microbiological gum solution is laid into film layer to dry, the microbial layer is made；
The amplification layer is for pressing down the amplification breeding of careless microbial bacteria in microbial layer；The amplification layer include extexine and
Central core；The extexine is soluble paper, and the central core is nutrition base；The Nutrient medium is by dregs of beans, wheat bran, malt
Powder composition.
In the present invention, presses down careless microbial bacteria and be individually embedded in seawood meal, protecting effect is general, and the present invention will press down grass
After microbial bacteria is tentatively embedded in seawood meal, then the cornstarch being gelatinized using half is embedded, semi-emulsifying cornstarch tool
There is good film forming, further the careless microbial bacteria of suppression is protected, improves and presses down careless microbial bacteria survival rate.Meanwhile it comparing
In the cornstarch being gelatinized completely, there is higher intensity and flexibility after semi-emulsifying cornstarch is dry, what is formed is micro-
Biosphere is not easy to break and broken, improves the flexibility and intensity of microbial layer, and when laying plastic is non-breakable.Semi-emulsifying
Cornstarch viscosity is also relatively weak, and amylan mobility is strong, uniformly can embed protection again to the careless microbial bacterial agent of suppression.Make
With in the process, semi-emulsifying starch has high moisture permeability as the cornstarch emulsified completely, and moisture is readily permeable, easy disintegrating,
Yi Yushui dissolution releases the careless microbial bacteria of suppression, makes it into amplification layer, is conducive to the amplification breeding for pressing down careless microbial bacteria.
The soluble paper that the present invention uses can be rice paper or corrugated paper.Certainly other solubilities also may be selected in the present invention
Paper.
When using mulch of the present invention, microbial layer and amplification layer are first spread, light shield layer is spread afterwards, three layers of mulch knot can be formed
Structure.
Preferably, the Nutrient medium is made of the following raw material of mass parts: 1~5 part of dregs of beans, 3~8 parts of wheat bran, malt flour 3
~5 parts.
Wherein, the biological dressing is by the following at being grouped as of parts by weight meter: bark and/or 40-80 parts of wood chip, plant branch
Item section and/or 10-30 parts of 10-40 parts of stalk section, cow dung and/or sheep dung, 0.01-0.1 parts of one time fermentation agent, secondary fermentation agent
0.01-0.1 parts.
Wherein, the one time fermentation agent is made of the microbial bacteria of following parts by weight meter: 1-10 parts of viable counts are 1 ×
108The bacillus subtilis of cfu/g or more, 2-8 parts of viable counts are 1 × 108The thermophilic actinomycete of cfu/g or more, 5-15 parts of viable bacterias
Number is 1 × 108The Trichoderma of cfu/g or more.
Wherein, the secondary fermentation agent is made of the microbial bacteria of following parts by weight meter: 5-10 parts of viable counts are 1 ×
107The streptomyces venezuelae of cfu/g or more, 1-5 parts of viable counts are 1 × 107The streptomyces scabies of cfu/g or more, 1-10 parts of viable bacterias
Number is 1 × 108The Pseudomonas alcaligenes of cfu/g or more.
Wherein, the biological dressing is prepared by the following method:
One time fermentation: including bark and wood chip, plants shoots section and stalk section, cow dung and sheep dung by the component of biological dressing
And one time fermentation agent adds water mixing to mix thoroughly and percent water is made to reach 40%-70%, and material is piled strip and block, stick
It is 1-5 meters wide, 1.5-3 meters of height, a bamboo pole is inserted at interval of 0.5 meter among stick and forms venthole；It is in heaps to carry out after a week
First time turning, primary every turning in 3-5 days later, help forms better aerobic fermentation condition；Until biological dressing ferments
It graduallys mature, windrow internal temperature is reduced to 40 DEG C or less from 70 DEG C or so and completes one time fermentation at this time；
Secondary fermentation: the material after one time fermentation cools to 40 DEG C or less, after secondary fermentation agent to be added to one time fermentation
In, mixing is mixed thoroughly, and adjusting percent water is 30%-40%, and material is piled strip and block or cone-shaped, 2-5 meters of height, quiet
Fermentation 7-10 days is set, makes to press down careless microorganism and obtains massive amplification and be adsorbed on the biological dressing carrier of fermenting-ripening.
The one time fermentation and the secondary fermentation are both needed to carry out in the environment of avoiding drenching with rain.
Wherein, the bark, wood chip length be the short-movie shape of 1~10 centimetre, 1-5 centimetres of width, plant branch
Item section, the length of stalk section are 3-10 centimetres of short stalk shape, less than the above specification canebreak ratio less than 10%.
Wherein, the careless microbial bacterial agent of the suppression is made of the microbial bacteria of following parts by weight meter: 5-10 part viable counts for 1 ×
107The streptomyces venezuelae of cfu/g or more, 1-5 parts of viable counts are 1 × 107The streptomyces scabies of cfu/g or more, 1-10 parts of viable bacterias
Number is 1 × 108The Pseudomonas alcaligenes of cfu/g or more.
Another object of the present invention also resides in the application method for protecting a kind of careless ecological plastic film of the control of organic plantation comprising
Following steps: it is ploughed using artificial except method removes around the plant of organic plantation or plant weeds in the ranks, is ploughed except the same day will
Control careless ecological plastic film be laid on around plant or plant in the ranks, laying with a thickness of 3-8 centimetres, be laid with uniformly, be not required to press
It is real；It is additional to be laid with new biological dressing to original paving the case where absorption depending on biological dressing degradation after being laid with about 6 months away from first time
If thickness.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art
(1) present invention uses around organic farmland plant or plant is in the ranks laid with the careless ecological plastic film of control of the invention
Method controls careless purpose to reach, and the careless effect of indirect suppression and microbial layer of the biological dressing shading of dystopy fermentation is mainly utilized
And the direct suppression grass effect of the careless microorganism of suppression in biological dressing is to carry out effective weeds control.Biological dressing and microorganism
Seawood meal and cornstarch in layer also provide the effect of excellent carrier for the careless microorganism of the suppression of massive amplification.In the present invention
Press down careless microbial bacteria a part to be supported in biological dressing, the cornstarch through being partly gelatinized is again again after seawood meal embeds for a part
Secondary embedding is layed in light shield layer bottom, in use, half pastes in microbial layer in the case where raining or the moisture such as irrigation are suitable for
The disintegration that can absorb water of the cornstarch of change is melted, and water can also melt seawood meal and release the careless microbial bacteria of suppression, press down careless microbial bacteria into
To expand the dregs of beans in layer, wheat bran, malt flour as nutrient, further fermentating breeding reaches amplification and presses down careless microbial bacteria quantity one step
Purpose, press down careless microbial bacteria and further penetrate into soil, further strengthen the careless effect of suppression.Suppression grass in biological dressing simultaneously
Microorganism slowly in lasting infiltration soil, can extend the suppression careless time of microbial bacterial agent, enhancing presses down continuing for careless microbial bacteria
Property press down careless effect.In addition, the covering of the mulch acts on, the organic farmland soil moisture can be made to keep relative stability, it not only will not be because
High temperature is generated for straw in situ fermentation, can also reduce soil moisture fluctuation；The covering effect of the mulch can effectively keep organic
Agricultural land soil humidity can substantially reduce rainwater to the souring of organic farmland upper soll layer, keep topsoil be not lost and
Fertility is not lost；The covering effect of the mulch can keep the good microbial ecological group of organic agricultural land soil, reduce spoilage organisms
Group and pathogenic bacteria are conducive to improvement of soil fertility and keep soil health, have good improvement soil effect；It is significant due to weeds
It reduces, reduces pest and inhabit procreation, while the agricultural pests predator such as the covering is tarantula, ant provides and protects place,
There is certain effect to the insect pest of control organic farmland.Therefore controlling careless ecological plastic film has the friendly effect of extraordinary ecology, is one
Kind ecological plastic film.
(2) present invention is layed in soil surface control grass using the biological mulch film after fermentation, avoids due to unleavened straw
The organic matters such as stalk directly cover, the heat production in natural fermentation process, and the surface temperature of organic farmland soil is made to be in short-term high
The state of mild anoxic, the uncontrollable corrupt flora of natural fermentation process also deteriorate the microbial ecological ring of organic farmland soil
Border influences the growth of industrial crops, and present invention employs will first be laid with ecological auxiliary material to carry out the dystopy fermentation technique that fermentation utilizes
Method, biological dressing reuse after the strange land fermenting-ripening except organic farmland, and raw stalk is avoided to send out in situ in organic farmland
The drawbacks of ferment generates.
(3) in the present invention in ecological auxiliary material, bark and wood chip are that 1-10 centimetres of length, 1-5 lis of width are whittled into through wood chipping equipment
The short-movie shape of rice, plants shoots section and stalk section are whittled into the short stalk shape that length is 3-10 centimetres, and the plant less than the above specification is broken
The ratio of bits makes the biological dressing have loose property less than 10%, has certain gas permeability, and microorganism in the present invention
Layer is the microbial bacteria layer that easy disintegration in water is melted, and amplification layer is soluble fibrous layer, and expanding layer in use can be
It is destroyed in short time, microorganism also meets water dissolution, does not influence the gas permeability of mulch.Biological dressing raw material is in fermentation in the present invention
Gas permeability can keep oxygen more sufficient, give full play to aerobic fermentation effect；When being layed in organic farmland, gas permeability can make
The suppression grass microorganism that amplification is adsorbed in the careless microorganism of the suppression on biological dressing and microbial layer when secondary fermentation gives full play to work
With soil harmful microorganism corruption and acidification caused by also avoidable anaerobic condition improve the microenvironment of soil.
(4) biological dressing of the invention needs to ferment in the facility for taking shelter from rain ceiling, and fermentation process is in case of greatly
Rainwater shower is measured, the unfavorable conditions such as excessive water content, temperature reduction, varied bacteria growing are caused, fermentation can be caused to fail.Fermenting organism applies
The component of material: bark and 10-30 parts of 10-40 parts of 40-80 parts of wood chip, plants shoots section and stalk section, cow dung and sheep dung, primary hair
0.01-0.1 parts of ferment agent, 0.01-0.1 parts of secondary fermentation agent.Wherein, cow dung/sheep dung mainly provides for fermentation process certain
Quick nitrogen source nutrition and quick carbon source nutrition, originate fermentation energy quickly.The component of the one time fermentation agent are as follows: 1-10 parts of viable bacterias
Number is the bacillus subtilis of 1 × 108cfu/g or more, the thermophilic actinomycete that 2-8 parts of viable counts are 1 × 108cfu/g or more, 5-
The Trichoderma that 15 parts of viable counts are 1 × 108cfu/g or more, the microbial inoculum ingredient of the combination can realize Rapid Fermentation, form 70 DEG C of left sides
Right hot fermentation kills the worm's ovum, putrefactive microorganisms, the weed seed that have in biological dressing by the high temperature of fermentation process
Deng；Furthermore after the pyroprocess of one time fermentation, high-temperature inactivation inhibiting effect no longer just is generated to secondary fermentation agent；Secondary hair
The component of ferment agent are as follows: 5-10 parts of viable counts are the streptomyces venezuelae of 1 × 107cfu/g or more, 1-5 part viable counts for 1 ×
The streptomyces scabies of 107cfu/g or more, the Pseudomonas alcaligenes that 1-10 parts of viable counts are 1 × 108cfu/g or more.These have straight
The microorganism for connecing suppression grass effect need to use after one time fermentation, and the high temperature of one time fermentation is avoided to influence its activity；Secondary
These in fermentation press down grass microorganism and are largely proliferated, and the micro- life of fixed suppression grass also functions to amplification work in microbial layer when in use
With mulch plays the role of directly pressing down grass after being routed in organic farmland.
(5) in control grass ecological plastic film application method of the invention, the design of mulch laying depth both can effectively prevent weeds
It obtains illumination and carries out photosynthesis inhibition weed growth, be also able to maintain certain gas permeability, the suppression grass microorganism that it can be made to adsorb
It plays one's part to the full, can also make soil that there is good microorganism ecological environment, avoid corrupt acidification.Since biological dressing has
Degradable and plant available characteristic, the biological dressing after a period of time in organic farmland can be reduced, can be away from upper primary paving
If additional to be laid with new mulch to former laying depth after about 6 months, function and effect can be kept.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and test, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of control grass ecological plastic film of organic plantation, the careless ecological plastic film of the control from top to bottom includes light shield layer, microorganism
Layer, amplification layer；
The light shield layer is cow dung, sheep dung and plant material by biological dressing made of the fermentation of secondary dystopy；
The biological dressing is by the following at being grouped as of parts by weight meter: bark and 80 parts of wood chip, plants shoots section and 10 parts of stalk section, ox
Excrement and 30 parts of sheep dung, 0.01 part of one time fermentation agent, 0.1 part of secondary fermentation agent.The one time fermentation agent is by following parts by weight meter
Microbial bacteria composition: 10 parts of viable counts are 1 × 108The bacillus subtilis of cfu/g, 2 parts of viable counts are 1 × 108The height of cfu/g
Warm actinomyces, 15 parts of viable counts are 1 × 108The Trichoderma of cfu/g.The secondary fermentation agent by following parts by weight meter microorganism
Bacterium composition: 5 parts of viable counts are 1 × 107The streptomyces venezuelae of cfu/g, 5 parts of viable counts are 1 × 107The scabies strepto- of cfu/g
Bacterium, 1 part of viable count are 1 × 108The Pseudomonas alcaligenes of cfu/g.Wherein, the bark, wood chip length be 10 centimetres, it is wide
The short-movie shape of 1 centimetre of degree, the plants shoots section, the length of stalk section are 10 centimetres of short stalk shape, less than the above specification
The ratio of canebreak is less than 10%.
Wherein, the biological dressing is prepared by the following method:
One time fermentation: including bark and wood chip, plants shoots section and stalk section, cow dung and sheep dung by the component of biological dressing
And one time fermentation agent adds water mixing to mix thoroughly and percent water is made to reach 40%, material is piled strip and block, stick is wide by 5
Rice, 1.5 meters of height are inserted into a bamboo pole at interval of 0.5 meter among stick and form venthole；It is in heaps to carry out turning over for the first time after a week
Heap, it is primary every turning in 5 days later, until windrow internal temperature, which is reduced to 40 DEG C or less from 70 DEG C or so, completes primary hair
Ferment；
Secondary fermentation: the material after one time fermentation cools to 40 DEG C or less, after secondary fermentation agent to be added to one time fermentation
In, mixing is mixed thoroughly, and adjusting percent water is 30%, and material is piled strip and block or cone-shaped, 5 meters of height, standing for fermentation 7
It；
The one time fermentation and the secondary fermentation are both needed to carry out in the environment of avoiding drenching with rain.
The microbial layer is prepared by the following method:
A, the water that 1/3 seawood meal quality is added into seawood meal is placed in ball mill, at 60 DEG C, in turning for 30r/s
The lower grinding 3h of speed obtains seawood meal slurries, and after seawood meal slurries are cooled to room temperature, addition presses down careless microbial bacterial agent, is stirred
After carry out spray drying pulvis is made；The careless microbial bacterial agent of the suppression is made of the microbial bacteria of following parts by weight meter: 8 parts of viable bacterias
Number is 1 × 107The streptomyces venezuelae of cfu/g, 3 parts of viable counts are 1 × 107The streptomyces scabies of cfu/g, 8 parts of viable counts are 1
×108The Pseudomonas alcaligenes of cfu/g；
B, after the water of 1/2 cornstarch quality is added to cornstarch, 75 DEG C of stirring gelatinization 40min is placed in, are cooled to
Static 30min at 50 DEG C continues cool to 35 DEG C, and the pulvis that addition step a is obtained, which stirs evenly, obtains microbiological gum solution；
C, the microbiological gum solution is laid into film layer to dry, the microbial layer is made.
The amplification layer is for pressing down the amplification breeding of careless microbial bacteria in microbial layer；The amplification layer include extexine and
Central core；The extexine is soluble paper, and the central core is nutrition base；The Nutrient medium by equal mass ratioes beans
The dregs of rice, wheat bran, malt flour composition.
Its application method includes the following steps: to plough using artificial except method removes around the plant of organic plantation or plant
Weeds in the ranks, plough except the same day will control careless ecological plastic film be laid on around plant or plant in the ranks, laying with a thickness of 3 centimetres,
It is laid with uniformly, is not required to be compacted；It is additional to be laid with the case where absorption depending on biological dressing degradation after being laid with about 6 months away from first time
New biological dressing is to former laying depth.
Embodiment 2
A kind of control grass ecological plastic film of organic plantation, the careless ecological plastic film of the control from top to bottom includes light shield layer, microorganism
Layer, amplification layer；
The light shield layer is cow dung and plant material by biological dressing made of the fermentation of secondary dystopy；The life
Object dressing is by the following at being grouped as of parts by weight meter: 40 parts of bark, 40 parts of plants shoots section, 10 parts of cow dung, one time fermentation agent 0.1
Part, 0.01 part of secondary fermentation agent.The one time fermentation agent is made of the microbial bacteria of following parts by weight meter: 10 parts of viable counts are 2
×108The bacillus subtilis of cfu/g or more, 2 parts of viable counts are 2 × 108The thermophilic actinomycete of cfu/g, 15 parts of viable counts are 2
×108The Trichoderma of cfu/g.The secondary fermentation agent is made of the microbial bacteria of following parts by weight meter: 50 parts of viable counts are 2 ×
107The streptomyces venezuelae of cfu/g, 5 parts of viable counts are 2 × 107The streptomyces scabies of cfu/g, 1 part of viable count be 2 ×
108The Pseudomonas alcaligenes of cfu/g.Wherein, the length of the bark is the short-movie shape of 10 centimetres, 1 centimetre of width, the plant
The length of branch section is 10 centimetres of short stalk shape, less than the above specification canebreak ratio less than 10%.
Wherein, the biological dressing is prepared by the following method:
One time fermentation: including that bark, plants shoots section, cow dung and one time fermentation agent add water to mix by the component of biological dressing
Conjunction mixes thoroughly and percent water is made to reach 70%, and material is piled strip and block, and stick is 1 meter wide, 3 meters of height, every among stick
It is spaced piece bamboo pole of 0.5 meter of insertion and forms venthole；Progress first time turning after a week in heaps, it is primary every turning in 3 days later,
Until windrow internal temperature, which is reduced to 40 DEG C or less from 70 DEG C or so, completes one time fermentation；
Secondary fermentation: the material after one time fermentation cools to 40 DEG C or less, after secondary fermentation agent to be added to one time fermentation
In, mixing is mixed thoroughly, and adjusting percent water is 40%, and material is piled strip and block or cone-shaped, 2 meters of height, standing for fermentation
10 days；
The one time fermentation and the secondary fermentation are both needed to carry out in the environment of avoiding drenching with rain.
The microbial layer is prepared by the following method:
A, the water that 1/4 seawood meal quality is added into seawood meal is placed in ball mill, at 60 DEG C, in turning for 40r/s
The lower grinding 2h of speed obtains seawood meal slurries, and after seawood meal slurries are cooled to room temperature, addition presses down careless microbial bacterial agent, is stirred
After carry out spray drying pulvis is made；The careless microbial bacterial agent of the suppression is made of the microbial bacteria of following parts by weight meter: 5 parts of viable bacterias
Number is 2 × 107The streptomyces venezuelae of cfu/g, 5 parts of viable counts are 2 × 107The streptomyces scabies of cfu/g, 1 viable count be 2 ×
108The Pseudomonas alcaligenes of cfu/g；
B, after the water of 1/2 cornstarch quality is added to cornstarch, 80 DEG C of stirring gelatinization 30min is placed in, are cooled to
Static 20min at 60 DEG C continues cool to 40 DEG C, and the pulvis that addition step a is obtained, which stirs evenly, obtains microbiological gum solution；
C, the microbiological gum solution is laid into film layer to dry, the microbial layer is made.
The amplification layer is for pressing down the amplification breeding of careless microbial bacteria in microbial layer；The amplification layer include extexine and
Central core；The extexine is soluble paper, and the central core is nutrition base；The Nutrient medium by mass parts meter dregs of beans
1 part, 8 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of malt flour compositions.
Its application method includes the following steps: to plough using artificial except method removes around the plant of organic plantation or plant
Weeds in the ranks, plough except the same day will control careless ecological plastic film be laid on around plant or plant in the ranks, laying with a thickness of 8 centimetres,
It is laid with uniformly, is not required to be compacted；It is additional to be laid with the case where absorption depending on biological dressing degradation after being laid with about 6 months away from first time
New biological dressing is to former laying depth.
Embodiment 3
A kind of control grass ecological plastic film of organic plantation, the careless ecological plastic film of the control from top to bottom includes light shield layer, microorganism
Layer, amplification layer；
The light shield layer is sheep dung and plant material by biological dressing made of the fermentation of secondary dystopy；The life
Object dressing is by the following at being grouped as of parts by weight meter: 60 parts of wood chip, 30 parts of stalk section, 10-30 parts of sheep dung, one time fermentation agent 0.05
Part, 0.05 part of secondary fermentation agent.The one time fermentation agent is made of the microbial bacteria of following parts by weight meter: 5 parts of viable counts are 1.1
×108The bacillus subtilis of cfu/g, 6 parts of viable counts are 1.3 × 108The thermophilic actinomycete of cfu/g, 10 parts of viable counts are 1.5
×108The Trichoderma of cfu/g.The secondary fermentation agent is made of the microbial bacteria of following parts by weight meter: 8 parts of viable counts are 1.9
×107The streptomyces venezuelae of cfu/g, 3 parts of viable counts are 1.9 × 107The streptomyces scabies of cfu/g, 5 parts of viable counts are 2 ×
108The Pseudomonas alcaligenes of cfu/g.Wherein, the length of the wood chip is the short-movie shape of 8 centimetres, 3 centimetres of width, the stalk
The length of section is 8 centimetres of short stalk shape, less than the above specification canebreak ratio less than 10%.
Wherein, the biological dressing is prepared by the following method:
One time fermentation: including that wood chip, stalk section, sheep dung and one time fermentation agent add water mixing to mix by the component of biological dressing
It is even and percent water is made to reach 60%, material is piled into strip and block, stick is 3 meters wide, 2 meters of height, among stick at interval of
Piece bamboo pole of 0.5 meter of insertion forms venthole；Progress first time turning after a week in heaps, it is primary every turning in 4 days later, until
Windrow internal temperature is reduced to 40 DEG C or less from 70 DEG C or so and completes one time fermentation；
Secondary fermentation: the material after one time fermentation cools to 40 DEG C or less, after secondary fermentation agent to be added to one time fermentation
In, mixing is mixed thoroughly, and adjusting percent water is 35%, and material is piled strip and block or cone-shaped, 3 meters of height, standing for fermentation 8
It；
The one time fermentation and the secondary fermentation are both needed to carry out in the environment of avoiding drenching with rain.
The microbial layer is prepared by the following method:
A, the water that 1/3 seawood meal quality is added into seawood meal is placed in ball mill, at 60 DEG C, in turning for 35r/s
The lower grinding 3h of speed obtains seawood meal slurries, and after seawood meal slurries are cooled to room temperature, addition presses down careless microbial bacterial agent, is stirred
After carry out spray drying pulvis is made；The careless microbial bacterial agent of the suppression is made of the microbial bacteria of following parts by weight meter: 10 parts of work
Bacterium number is 1.5 × 107The streptomyces venezuelae of cfu/g, 1 part of viable count are 1.4 × 107The streptomyces scabies of cfu/g, 10 parts of work
Bacterium number is 1.5 × 108The Pseudomonas alcaligenes of cfu/g；
B, after the water of 1/2 cornstarch quality is added to cornstarch, 78 DEG C of stirring gelatinization 35min is placed in, are cooled to
Static 25min at 55 DEG C continues cool to 38 DEG C, and the pulvis that addition step a is obtained, which stirs evenly, obtains microbiological gum solution；
C, the microbiological gum solution is laid into film layer to dry, the microbial layer is made.
The amplification layer is for pressing down the amplification breeding of careless microbial bacteria in microbial layer；The amplification layer include extexine and
Central core；The extexine is soluble paper, and the central core is nutrition base；The Nutrient medium by mass parts meter dregs of beans
5 parts, 3 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of malt flour compositions.
Its application method includes the following steps: to plough using artificial except method removes around the plant of organic plantation or plant
Weeds in the ranks, plough except the same day will control careless ecological plastic film be laid on around plant or plant in the ranks, laying with a thickness of 5 centimetres,
It is laid with uniformly, is not required to be compacted；It is additional to be laid with the case where absorption depending on biological dressing degradation after being laid with about 6 months away from first time
New biological dressing is to former laying depth.
Control group 1
The mulch of control group 1 is only the biological dressing of embodiment 1, and the application method of biological dressing is the same as embodiment 1.
Control group 2
Control group 2 and the control grass ecological plastic film of embodiment 1 are essentially identical, and difference is, the control grass ecological plastic film of control group 2
It is not provided with microbial layer, the mulch application method of control group 2 is the same as embodiment 1.
Control group 3
Control group 3 and the control grass ecological plastic film of embodiment 1 are essentially identical, and difference is, the control grass ecological plastic film of control group 3
It is not provided with amplification layer, the mulch application method of control group 3 is the same as embodiment 1.
Test method and result
The embodiment of the present invention 1,1~control group of control group 3 are implemented in winter, are ploughed using artificial except method removing is organic
The weeds of tea place tea tree in the ranks plough and are uniformly laid on tea tree in the ranks except the same day will control careless ecological plastic film.Use the careless biological mulch film 6 of control
After a month, herba digitariae, barnyard grass, pig take the weed growths density such as grass in sampling statistics tea place, are as a result recorded in the following table 1.
The embodiment of the present invention 2 arrives early spring in winter and implements, and is ploughed using artificial except method removes organic jasmine flower plantation
The weeds of plant in the ranks, and trench digging discharges organic fertilizer, blinding on the day of weeding, then will control careless ecological plastic film and is uniformly laid on jasmine
Jasmine plant is in the ranks.After controlling careless biological mulch film 6 months, barnyard grass in sampling statistics Jasmine plantation, is led a cow at beggar-ticks
Weed growth density, is as a result recorded in the following table 1.
The embodiment of the present invention 3 is implemented in early spring, is ploughed using artificial except method removes organic Kiwi plantation plant week
About 50 centimetres of radius of weeds are enclosed, and careless ecological plastic film will be controlled on the day of weeding and be uniformly laid on radius 50 around kiwi fruit plant
Centimetre range.After controlling careless biological mulch film 6 months, black nightshade, beggar-ticks, herba digitariae etc. are miscellaneous in sampling statistics Kiwi berry plantation
Careless stand density, is as a result recorded in the following table 1.
Table 1
As shown in Table 1, the control grass ecological plastic film of 1~embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention 3 is reduced using rear weed growth density
Degree is higher than 1~control group of control group 3, illustrates that there is control grass ecological plastic film of the invention good control grass to go effect.
Above description is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
Bright patent claim, it is all the present invention suggested by technical spirit under completed same changes or modifications change, should all belong to
In the covered the scope of the patents of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of control grass ecological plastic film of organic plantation, which is characterized in that the careless ecological plastic film of the control from top to bottom includes shading
Layer, microbial layer, amplification layer；
The light shield layer is cow dung and/or sheep dung and plant material by biological dressing made of the fermentation of secondary dystopy；
The microbial layer is prepared by the following method:
A, the water that 1/4~1/3 seawood meal quality is added into seawood meal is placed in ball mill, at 60 DEG C, in 30~40r/s
Revolving speed under 2~3h of grinding obtain seawood meal slurries, after seawood meal slurries are cooled to room temperature, addition presses down careless microbial bacterial agent,
Spray drying is carried out after being stirred, and pulvis is made；
B, after the water of 1/2 cornstarch quality is added to cornstarch, 75~80 DEG C of stirrings is placed in and are gelatinized 30~40min, then is cold
But to static 20~30min at 50~60 DEG C, 35~40 DEG C are continued cool to, the pulvis that addition step a is obtained stirs evenly i.e.
Obtain microbiological gum solution；
C, the microbiological gum solution is laid into film layer to dry, the microbial layer is made；
The amplification layer is for pressing down the amplification breeding of careless microbial bacteria in microbial layer；The amplification layer includes extexine and center
Layer；The extexine is soluble paper, and the central core is nutrition base；The Nutrient medium is by dregs of beans, wheat bran, malt flour group
At.
2. the control grass ecological plastic film of a kind of organic plantation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the biological dressing is by weight
Amount part meter it is following at being grouped as: bark and/or 40-80 parts of wood chip, plants shoots section and/or 10-40 parts of stalk section, cow dung
And/or 10-30 parts of sheep dung, 0.01-0.1 parts of one time fermentation agent, 0.01-0.1 parts of secondary fermentation agent.
3. the control grass ecological plastic film of a kind of organic plantation according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the one time fermentation agent by
The microbial bacteria composition of following parts by weight meter: 1-10 parts of viable counts are 1 × 108The bacillus subtilis of cfu/g or more, 2-8 parts
Viable count is 1 × 108The thermophilic actinomycete of cfu/g or more, 5-15 parts of viable counts are 1 × 108The Trichoderma of cfu/g or more.
4. the control grass ecological plastic film of a kind of organic plantation according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the secondary fermentation agent by
The microbial bacteria composition of following parts by weight meter: 5-10 parts of viable counts are 1 × 107Streptomyces venezuelae, the 1-5 of cfu/g or more
Part viable count is 1 × 107The streptomyces scabies of cfu/g or more, 1-10 parts of viable counts are 1 × 108The production alkali vacation unit cell of cfu/g or more
Bacterium.
5. the control grass ecological plastic film of a kind of organic plantation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the careless microbial bacteria of the suppression
Agent is made of the microbial bacteria of following parts by weight meter: 5-10 parts of viable counts are 1 × 107The streptomyces venezuelae of cfu/g or more,
1-5 parts of viable counts are 1 × 107The streptomyces scabies of cfu/g or more, 1-10 parts of viable counts are 1 × 108The production alkali of cfu/g or more is false single
Born of the same parents bacterium.
6. according to a kind of control grass ecological plastic film of any organic plantation of claim 2-4, which is characterized in that the biology
Dressing is prepared by the following method:
One time fermentation: by the component of biological dressing include bark and wood chip, plants shoots section and stalk section, cow dung and sheep dung and
One time fermentation agent adds water mixing to mix thoroughly and percent water is made to reach 40%-70%, and material is piled strip and block, the wide 1- of stick
5 meters, a bamboo pole is inserted at interval of 0.5 meter among stick and forms venthole by 1.5-3 meters of height；It is in heaps to carry out first after a week
Secondary turning, it is primary every turning in 3-5 days later, until windrow internal temperature, which is reduced to 40 DEG C or less from 70 DEG C or so, completes one
Secondary fermentation；
Secondary fermentation: it after one time fermentation cools to 40 DEG C or less, in the material after secondary fermentation agent to be added to one time fermentation, mixes
Conjunction is mixed thoroughly, and adjusting percent water is 30%-40%, and material is piled strip and block or cone-shaped, 2-5 meter of height, stands and sends out
Ferment 7-10 days；
The one time fermentation and the secondary fermentation are both needed to carry out in the environment of avoiding drenching with rain.
7. the control grass ecological plastic film of a kind of organic plantation according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the bark, wood chip
Length is the short-movie shape of 1~10 centimetre, 1-5 centimetres of width, and the plants shoots section, the length of stalk section are 3-10 centimetres
Short stalk shape, less than the above specification canebreak ratio less than 10%.
8. a kind of a kind of application method of the careless ecological plastic film of the control of organic plantation as described in claim 1-7, which is characterized in that
Include the following steps: to plough using artificial except method removes around the plant of organic plantation or plant weeds in the ranks, plough except working as
It will control careless ecological plastic film be laid on around plant or plant in the ranks, laying with a thickness of 3-8 centimetres, be laid with uniformly, no
It needs to be compacted；It is additional to be laid with new biological dressing extremely the case where absorption depending on biological dressing degradation after being laid with about 6 months away from first time
Former laying depth.
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| CN114303760A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-12 | 中国农业大学 | Preparation method of agricultural waste matrix degradable covering plate replacing mulching film |
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