CN114303760A - Preparation method of agricultural waste matrix degradable covering plate replacing mulching film - Google Patents
Preparation method of agricultural waste matrix degradable covering plate replacing mulching film Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an agricultural waste matrix degradable covering plate for replacing a mulching film, which relates to the technical field of agricultural mulching films and comprises the following steps: s1: pretreating a rice hull raw material; s11: cleaning agricultural wastes such as rice hulls and straws and the like to remove impurities, kneading and crushing, taking the sieved crushed materials, stacking and fermenting, and removing partial siliceous materials on the surface; s12: the agricultural waste crushed aggregates are subjected to pest and disease killing, and then are dried; s2: preparing a bio-based adhesive; according to the preparation method of the agricultural waste matrix degradable covering plate replacing the mulching film, the covering plate is free of pollution and can be completely degraded by adopting the bio-based adhesive, the preparation is simple and convenient, the problem of scattering of the traditional organic matter covering material is effectively solved, and the agricultural waste matrix degradable covering plate prepared by the method has excellent physical and mechanical properties, is not easy to break, and is good in air permeability and long in service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural mulching films, in particular to a preparation method of an agricultural waste matrix degradable covering plate for replacing a mulching film.
Background
The traditional agricultural plastic mulching film residue has serious influence on the soil structure, the crop growth and the ecological environment, the problem of white pollution caused by the mulching film residue needs to be solved, and the need of developing environment-friendly full-biodegradable substitute products is urgent. In addition, the long-term use of a large amount of chemical fertilizer can accelerate soil acidification, cause soil hardening, reduce the number and activity of soil microorganisms and cause soil malnutrition. The organic covering material is a novel agricultural land covering material formed by crushing or original ecological processing by using agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials, and has the functions of wide and easily available raw materials, good air permeability, biodegradability, weed growth inhibition, pest avoidance, soil structure improvement, soil fertility enhancement, crop growth promotion and the like.
The organic covering is green and low-carbon, is beneficial to improving the value of agricultural and forestry waste, promotes the construction of beautiful villages, has wide popularization and application prospect and economic and ecological value, and is concerned by numerous enterprises and researchers. Patent application No. 202110781607.8 discloses an aqueous setting curing agent for organic coatings, a preparation method and an application method thereof, wherein acrylic acid, methacrylate, styrene and the like are adopted to prepare organic coatings with high adhesive strength. Patent application No. 202110781606.3 discloses an organic covering pad and a preparation method thereof, wherein the organic covering pad is prepared by hot-pressing and molding ammonium chloride, calcium carbonate and plant powder. Patent application No. 202010340936.4 discloses a method for improving soil by organic mulch in garden, which adopts Nocardia bacterial liquid and brown sugar to accelerate the decay time of organic mulch in garden greening waste. Patent application No. 201510946855.8 researches a method for producing organic mulch by using landscaping waste, and the organic mulch mat product prepared by crushing, enzymolysis, flame retardation, dyeing, sterilization and disinsection is not easy to rot, and is sanitary in packaging and easy to store. Patent application No. 201711016952.2 discloses a preparation method of a pyrolytic oil urea formaldehyde resin organic covering mat, which is prepared by bonding crushed landscaping waste with pyrolytic oil urea formaldehyde resin. However, the existing organic coverings are used for landscaping, and are only rarely used for crops, and the organic coverings are mostly spread in a scattered way when used in a large area, so that the loss and pollution are easily caused, and the water channel is blocked. More importantly, the organic covering pad is basically prepared by adopting an organic adhesive through hot pressing at present, the process is complex, the energy consumption is high, the organic adhesive can not be degraded after being cured, and secondary pollution is easily caused.
The output of the crop wastes in China is the first in the world and accounts for 17.3 percent of the total global output. The straw and the rice hull belong to typical crop wastes, the crop straw yield is about 9 hundred million tons every year in China, and the rice hull yield is about 4500 ten thousand tons. The two are used as agricultural wastes, and have rich resources, low price and easy obtainment. However, the crop wastes have rough surfaces, less nutrient components and low added value, the natural bulk density is low, the crop wastes are not beneficial to recycling and transportation, the crop wastes are regarded as yellow pollution wastes, a small amount of the crop wastes are processed to be used as feed and activated carbon, and a large amount of the crop wastes are not scientifically and reasonably utilized. The main components of the crop waste are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, silicon dioxide and a small amount of organic compounds such as lipid, crude protein and the like, the silicon dioxide on the surface of the rice hull is distributed in a net shape and mainly plays a role of a framework, and the rice hull has the effects of moisture prevention, moth prevention, flame retardance, heat preservation and heat insulation on the rice, but the structure-performance improvement of the rice hull during material utilization is limited by the interface problem caused by the rice hull silicon coated biological barrier, so that the rice hull is poor in adhesiveness, and the popularization and the utilization of the rice hull are hindered. At present, the comprehensive utilization rate of agricultural waste resources such as straws, rice husks and the like in China is low, so that not only is the resource waste caused, but also huge pressure is brought to the environment. Therefore, the method explores the resource and high-value utilization of agricultural wastes such as straws, rice husks and the like, and has remarkable social, economic and ecological environmental protection benefits.
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a degradable covering plate made of agricultural waste matrix, aiming at promoting the efficient recycling of agricultural waste and the construction of beautiful countryside and promoting the green manufacturing and low-carbon sustainable development of agriculture.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of an agricultural waste matrix degradable covering plate for replacing a mulching film, and solves the problems of plastic mulching film pollution, fertilizer consumption reduction and the like in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a preparation method of an agricultural waste matrix degradable covering plate replacing a mulching film comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating a rice hull raw material;
s11: cleaning agricultural wastes such as rice hulls and straws and the like to remove impurities, kneading and crushing, taking the sieved crushed materials, stacking and fermenting, and removing partial siliceous materials on the surface;
s12: the agricultural waste crushed aggregates are subjected to pest and disease killing, and then are dried;
s2: preparing a bio-based adhesive;
s21: mixing 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 5-8 parts of sodium alginate, 5-15 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 3-8 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 1-3 parts of ammonium chloride with a proper amount of water according to the weight ratio, adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, and starting a stirrer;
s22: adding 20-25 parts of modified edible starch, 10-15 parts of guar gum and xanthan gum (the mass ratio is 1:1) and 30-40 parts of polyhydroxy methyl urea into the mixture according to the weight ratio, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, stirring for 30min and discharging;
s3: preparing a bio-based slow-release agent;
s31: mixing Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Azospirillum brasilense according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a composite microbial bacterium;
s32: mixing 60-75 parts of wood particle activated carbon, 5-15 parts of water reducing agent sodium lignosulfonate, 10-15 parts of compound amino acid raw powder, 3-8 parts of compound microorganism bacteria and water according to the weight ratio, stirring for 30min at the speed of 400 plus one year of 500r/min by a stirrer, discharging, drying the mixture, and crushing to obtain the bio-based slow-release agent capable of realizing the slow release of the biological bacteria and the nutrients;
s4: manufacturing a waste substrate ecological covering mat;
s41: adding 60-100 parts of the pretreated agricultural waste crushed aggregates, 5-50 parts of bio-based adhesive, 5-15 parts of bio-based slow-control agent, 3-5 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 3-5 parts of zeolite powder and a proper amount of water into a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 400 plus materials and 500r/min for 30min, and discharging;
s42: pouring the materials into a plate making mold, uniformly paving, decompressing and stacking according to the set compaction density, cutting the plate according to the actual required size after the plate is dried, and punching to obtain the agricultural waste matrix ecological covering pad.
Optionally, in the step S12, the crushed agricultural wastes are dried until the moisture content is 8-12%, so as to obtain the raw material for the ecological covering mat.
Optionally, in the step S21, the stirrer is stirred at a speed of 500-1000r/min, heated to 70-85 ℃, and cooled to 40-50 ℃ after heat preservation for 30 min.
Optionally, the wood particle activated carbon used in the step S32 has a particle size of 40-80 meshes, an iodine value of not less than 1000mg/g, and water is added to the total water content of all raw materials of 20-30%.
Optionally, the step S42 adopts a set compaction density, a pressure of 0.5-1.0MPa, and cold pressing at normal temperature for 1-5 hours.
Optionally, the mixture in the step S32 is dried at 45-60 ℃ until the water content is 8-12%.
The invention provides a preparation method of an agricultural waste matrix degradable covering plate for replacing a mulching film, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the preparation method of the agricultural waste matrix degradable covering plate replacing the mulching film, the covering plate is free of pollution and can be completely degraded by adopting the bio-based adhesive, the preparation is simple and convenient, the problem of scattering of the traditional organic matter covering material is effectively solved, and the agricultural waste matrix degradable covering plate prepared by the method has excellent physical and mechanical properties, is not easy to break, and is good in air permeability and long in service life.
2. The preparation method of the agricultural waste matrix degradable covering plate replacing the mulching film can regulate and control and accelerate matrix degradation by adding the bio-based slow-release control agent, can realize heat preservation, ventilation and water saving of the ecological mat, remarkable weed and disease and insect pest reducing capacity, can realize slow release of the microbial bacteria and the bio-fertilizer, can be completely degraded into organic fertilizer by the bio-based slow-release control agent, soil microorganisms and enzymes in 1-2 plant growth periods, provides nutrients for plant growth, improves and activates the soil structure, reduces the fertilizer consumption and plastic mulching film pollution, and further meets the requirements of green manufacturing and ecological agriculture.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a preparation method of an agricultural waste substrate ecological covering mat specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating a rice hull raw material;
s11: cleaning agricultural waste rice hulls to remove impurities, kneading and crushing the rice hulls, then screening the crushed materials by a sieve of 10-40 meshes, stacking and fermenting the crushed materials, removing silicon on the surface part of the rice hulls, and exposing fibers in the rice hulls to increase the adhesion of the rice hulls, so that the prepared ecological covering mat has excellent air permeability;
s12: killing the rice hull crushed aggregates obtained in the step S11 for plant diseases and insect pests, and drying the rice hull crushed aggregates until the moisture content is 8-12% to obtain a raw material for the ecological covering mat;
s2: preparing a bio-based adhesive;
s21: according to the weight ratio, 20 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of sodium alginate, 10 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1 part of ammonium chloride and a proper amount of water are mixed and then added into a reaction kettle, a stirring machine is started, stirring is carried out at the speed of 500 plus one year at a speed of 1000r/min, heating is carried out to 80 ℃, reaction is carried out for 50min, and cooling is carried out to 40 ℃;
s22: adding 20 parts of modified edible starch, 10 parts of guar gum and xanthan gum (the mass ratio is 1:1) and 40 parts of polyhydroxy methyl urea into the mixture obtained in the step S21 according to the weight ratio, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, stirring for 30min, and discharging to obtain the starch-soybean protein enhanced bio-based adhesive.
S3: preparing a bio-based slow-release agent;
s31: mixing Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Azospirillum brasilense according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a composite microbial bacterium;
s32: according to the weight ratio, 65 parts of wood particle activated carbon (40-80 meshes, the iodine value is more than or equal to 1000mg/g), 5 parts of sodium lignosulfonate as a water reducing agent, 10 parts of compound amino acid raw powder, 5 parts of compound microorganism bacteria and water are mixed (the water is added until the total water content of all the raw materials is 20-30%), the mixture is stirred for 30min at the speed of 500r/min through a stirrer at 400-fold, the compound amino acid and the microorganism bacteria are fully adsorbed by the activated carbon and the sodium lignosulfonate, and the mixture is dried at 40 ℃ until the water content is 10% after discharging, so that the bio-based slow-release control agent capable of realizing the slow release of biological bacteria and nutrients is obtained;
s4: preparing an agricultural waste matrix ecological covering mat;
s41: adding 100 parts of pretreated rice hull crushed aggregates, 15 parts of bio-based adhesive, 10 parts of bio-based slow-control agent, 3 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 3 parts of zeolite powder and a proper amount of water into a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 400-;
s42: pouring the mixture into a plate making mold, uniformly paving, cold pressing for 3 hours at normal temperature under the pressure of 0.7MPa according to the set compaction density, relieving pressure, stacking, cutting the plate according to the actual required size after the plate is dried, and punching to obtain the agricultural waste matrix ecological covering pad.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a preparation method of an agricultural waste substrate ecological covering mat specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating a rice hull raw material;
s11: cleaning agricultural waste rice hulls to remove impurities, kneading and crushing the rice hulls, then screening the crushed materials by a sieve of 10-40 meshes, stacking and fermenting the crushed materials, removing silicon on the surface part of the rice hulls, and exposing fibers in the rice hulls to increase the adhesion of the rice hulls, so that the prepared ecological covering mat has excellent air permeability;
s12: the rice hull crushed aggregates of the S11 are subjected to pest and disease killing, and are dried until the moisture content is 8-12%, so that the raw material for the ecological covering mat is obtained;
s2: preparing a bio-based adhesive;
s21: mixing 30 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of sodium alginate, 5 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1 part of ammonium chloride and a proper amount of water according to the weight ratio, adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, starting a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 500 plus one hour and 1000r/min, heating to 85 ℃, reacting for 60min, and cooling to 40 ℃;
s22: adding 25 parts of modified edible starch, 10 parts of guar gum and xanthan gum (the mass ratio is 1:1) and 35 parts of polyhydroxy methyl urea into the mixture obtained in the step S21 according to the weight ratio, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, stirring for 30min, and discharging to obtain the starch-soybean protein enhanced bio-based adhesive.
S3: preparing an agricultural waste matrix ecological covering mat;
s31: adding 80 parts of pretreated rice hull crushed aggregates, 20 parts of bio-based adhesive, 5 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 3 parts of zeolite powder and a proper amount of water into a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 400-500r/min for 30min, and discharging;
s32: pouring the mixture into a plate making mold, uniformly paving, cold pressing for 3 hours at normal temperature under the pressure of 0.6MPa according to the set compaction density, relieving pressure, stacking, cutting the plate according to the actual required size after the plate is dried, and punching to obtain the agricultural waste matrix ecological covering pad.
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the prepared agricultural waste substrate ecological covering mat does not contain a bio-based slow-control agent, so that the production cost of the covering mat can be further reduced, and the covering mat still has excellent mechanical properties and long service life and can also realize full degradation.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a preparation method of an agricultural waste substrate ecological covering mat specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating a rice hull raw material;
s11: cleaning agricultural waste rice hulls to remove impurities, kneading and crushing the rice hulls, then screening the crushed materials by a sieve of 10-40 meshes, stacking and fermenting the crushed materials, removing silicon on the surface part of the rice hulls, and exposing fibers in the rice hulls to increase the adhesion of the rice hulls, so that the prepared ecological covering mat has excellent air permeability;
s12: the rice hull crushed aggregates of the S11 are subjected to pest and disease killing, and are dried until the moisture content is 8-12%, so that the raw material for the ecological covering mat is obtained;
s2: preparing a bio-based adhesive;
s21: according to the weight ratio, 20 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of sodium alginate, 10 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1 part of ammonium chloride and a proper amount of water are mixed and then added into a reaction kettle, a stirring machine is started, stirring is carried out at the speed of 500 plus one year at a speed of 1000r/min, heating is carried out to 80 ℃, reaction is carried out for 50min, and cooling is carried out to 40 ℃;
s22: adding 20 parts of modified edible starch, 10 parts of guar gum and xanthan gum (the mass ratio is 1:1) and 40 parts of polyhydroxy methyl urea into the mixture obtained in the step S21 according to the weight ratio, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, stirring for 30min, and discharging to obtain the starch-soybean protein enhanced bio-based adhesive;
s3: preparing a bio-based slow-release agent;
s31: mixing Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Azospirillum brasilense according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a composite microbial bacterium;
s32: according to the weight ratio, 65 parts of wood particle activated carbon (40-80 meshes, the iodine value is more than or equal to 1000mg/g), 5 parts of sodium lignosulfonate as a water reducing agent, 10 parts of compound amino acid raw powder, 5 parts of compound microorganism bacteria and water are mixed (the water is added until the total water content of all the raw materials is 20-30%), the mixture is stirred for 30min at the speed of 500r/min through a stirrer at 400-fold, the compound amino acid and the microorganism bacteria are fully adsorbed by the activated carbon and the sodium lignosulfonate, and the mixture is dried at 40 ℃ until the water content is 10% after discharging, so that the bio-based slow-release control agent capable of realizing the slow release of the biological bacteria and the nutrients is obtained.
S4: ecological covering mat for preparing agricultural waste matrix
S41: adding 60 parts of non-pretreated rice hull, 40 parts of pretreated crushed rice hull, 15 parts of bio-based adhesive, 10 parts of bio-based slow-control agent, 3 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 3 parts of zeolite powder and a proper amount of water into a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 400-plus-material 500r/min for 30min, and discharging;
s42: pouring the mixture into a plate making mold, uniformly paving, cold pressing for 3 hours at normal temperature under the pressure of 0.8MPa according to the set compaction density, relieving pressure, stacking, cutting the plate according to the actual required size after the plate is dried, and punching to obtain the agricultural waste matrix ecological covering pad.
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the prepared ecological covering mat of agricultural waste matrix uses original ecological rice husks and rice husk crushed aggregates as raw materials in the step S41, so that the crushing and screening operation can be effectively reduced, the production cost of the covering mat is further reduced, and the prepared ecological covering mat has excellent air permeability and long service life.
Example four
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a preparation method of an agricultural waste substrate ecological covering mat specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating straw raw materials;
s11: removing impurities from straws of agricultural wastes such as rice, wheat and corn, kneading and crushing the straws into 1-4cm crushed materials, stacking and fermenting the crushed materials, removing silicon on the surface of the straws, exposing fibers in the straws to increase the adhesion of the straws, and simultaneously enabling the prepared ecological covering pad to have excellent air permeability;
s12: killing pests and diseases of the crushed straw materials obtained in the step S11, and drying until the moisture content is 8-12% to obtain a raw material for the ecological covering mat;
s2: preparing a bio-based adhesive;
s21: according to the weight ratio, 20 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of sodium alginate, 10 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1 part of ammonium chloride and a proper amount of water are mixed and then added into a reaction kettle, a stirring machine is started, stirring is carried out at the speed of 500 plus one year at a speed of 1000r/min, heating is carried out to 80 ℃, reaction is carried out for 50min, and cooling is carried out to 40 ℃;
s22: adding 20 parts of modified edible starch, 10 parts of guar gum and xanthan gum (the mass ratio is 1:1) and 40 parts of polyhydroxy methyl urea into the mixture obtained in the step S21 according to the weight ratio, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, stirring for 30min, and discharging to obtain the starch-soybean protein enhanced bio-based adhesive;
s3: preparing a bio-based slow-release agent;
s31: mixing Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Azospirillum brasilense according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a composite microbial bacterium;
s32: according to the weight ratio, 65 parts of wood particle activated carbon (40-80 meshes, the iodine value is more than or equal to 1000mg/g), 5 parts of sodium lignosulfonate as a water reducing agent, 10 parts of compound amino acid raw powder, 5 parts of compound microorganism bacteria and water are mixed (the water is added until the total water content of all the raw materials is 20-30%), the mixture is stirred for 30min at the speed of 500r/min through a stirrer at 400-fold, the compound amino acid and the microorganism bacteria are fully adsorbed by the activated carbon and the sodium lignosulfonate, and the mixture is dried at 40 ℃ until the water content is 10% after discharging, so that the bio-based slow-release control agent capable of realizing the slow release of biological bacteria and nutrients is obtained;
s4: preparing an agricultural waste matrix ecological covering mat;
s41: adding 100 parts of pretreated crushed straw, 15 parts of bio-based adhesive, 8 parts of bio-based slow-control agent, 3 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 3 parts of zeolite powder and a proper amount of water into a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 400 plus materials and 500r/min for 30min, and discharging;
s42: pouring the mixture into a plate making mold, uniformly paving, cold pressing for 2 hours at normal temperature under the pressure of 0.7MPa according to the set compaction density, relieving pressure, stacking, cutting the plate according to the actual required size after the plate is dried, and punching to obtain the agricultural waste matrix ecological covering pad.
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the prepared agricultural waste substrate ecological covering mat is arranged in S41: the crushed straw is used as the raw material in the steps, so that the source of the raw material is enlarged, the crushing and screening operation can be reduced, the production cost of the covering mat is further reduced, and meanwhile, the prepared ecological covering mat has excellent air permeability and long service life.
EXAMPLE five
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a preparation method of an agricultural waste substrate ecological covering mat specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating corn pulp raw materials;
s11: removing impurities from agricultural waste corn pulp, kneading and crushing the corn pulp into 0.15-1cm particles to increase the straw adhesion, and simultaneously enabling the prepared ecological covering mat to have excellent air permeability;
s12: killing the corn pulp crushed materials obtained in the step S11 for plant diseases and insect pests, and drying until the moisture content is 8-12% to obtain a raw material for the ecological covering mat;
s2: preparing a bio-based adhesive;
s21: according to the weight ratio, 20 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of sodium alginate, 10 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 5 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1 part of ammonium chloride and a proper amount of water are mixed and then added into a reaction kettle, a stirring machine is started, stirring is carried out at the speed of 500 plus one year at a speed of 1000r/min, heating is carried out to 80 ℃, reaction is carried out for 50min, and cooling is carried out to 40 ℃;
s22: adding 20 parts of modified edible starch, 10 parts of guar gum and xanthan gum (the mass ratio is 1:1) and 40 parts of polyhydroxy methyl urea into the mixture obtained in the step S21 according to the weight ratio, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, stirring for 30min, and discharging to obtain the starch-soybean protein enhanced bio-based adhesive;
s3: preparing a bio-based slow-release agent;
s31: mixing Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Azospirillum brasilense according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a composite microbial bacterium;
s32: according to the weight ratio, 65 parts of wood particle activated carbon (40-80 meshes, the iodine value is more than or equal to 1000mg/g), 5 parts of sodium lignosulfonate as a water reducing agent, 10 parts of compound amino acid raw powder, 5 parts of compound microorganism bacteria and water are mixed (the water is added until the total water content of all the raw materials is 20-30%), the mixture is stirred for 30min at the speed of 500r/min through a stirrer at 400-fold, the compound amino acid and the microorganism bacteria are fully adsorbed by the activated carbon and the sodium lignosulfonate, and the mixture is dried at 40 ℃ until the water content is 10% after discharging, so that the bio-based slow-release control agent capable of realizing the slow release of biological bacteria and nutrients is obtained;
s4: preparing an agricultural waste matrix ecological covering mat;
s41: adding 100 parts of the pretreated corn pulp crushed material, 10 parts of bio-based adhesive, 10 parts of bio-based slow-control agent, 3 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 3 parts of zeolite powder and a proper amount of water into a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 400-;
s42: pouring the mixture into a plate making mold, uniformly paving, cold pressing for 2.5h at normal temperature under the pressure of 0.8MPa according to the set compaction density, relieving pressure, stacking, drying the plates, cutting the plates according to the actual required size, and punching to obtain the agricultural waste matrix ecological covering pad.
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the prepared agricultural waste substrate ecological covering mat is arranged in S41: the corn pulp crushed materials are used as raw materials in the steps, so that the source of the raw materials is enlarged, crushing and screening operations can be reduced, the using amount of the bio-based adhesive is reduced, the production cost of the covering pad is further reduced, and meanwhile, the prepared ecological covering pad has excellent air permeability and long service life.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of an agricultural waste substrate degradable covering plate replacing a mulching film is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating a rice hull raw material;
s11: cleaning agricultural wastes such as rice hulls and straws and the like to remove impurities, kneading and crushing, taking the sieved crushed materials, stacking and fermenting, and removing partial siliceous materials on the surface;
s12: the agricultural waste crushed aggregates are subjected to pest and disease killing, and then are dried;
s2: preparing a bio-based adhesive;
s21: mixing 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 5-8 parts of sodium alginate, 5-15 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 3-8 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 1-3 parts of ammonium chloride with a proper amount of water according to the weight ratio, adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, and starting a stirrer;
s22: adding 20-25 parts of modified edible starch, 10-15 parts of guar gum and xanthan gum (the mass ratio is 1:1) and 30-40 parts of polyhydroxy methyl urea into the mixture according to the weight ratio, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, stirring for 30min and discharging;
s3: preparing a bio-based slow-release agent;
s31: mixing Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Azospirillum brasilense according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare a composite microbial bacterium;
s32: mixing 60-75 parts of wood particle activated carbon, 5-15 parts of water reducing agent sodium lignosulfonate, 10-15 parts of compound amino acid raw powder, 3-8 parts of compound microorganism bacteria and water according to the weight ratio, stirring for 30min at the speed of 400 plus one year of 500r/min by a stirrer, discharging, drying the mixture, and crushing to obtain the bio-based slow-release agent capable of realizing the slow release of the biological bacteria and the nutrients;
s4: manufacturing a waste substrate ecological covering mat;
s41: adding 60-100 parts of the pretreated agricultural waste crushed aggregates, 5-50 parts of bio-based adhesive, 5-15 parts of bio-based slow-control agent, 3-5 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 3-5 parts of zeolite powder and a proper amount of water into a stirrer, stirring at the speed of 400 plus materials and 500r/min for 30min, and discharging;
s42: pouring the materials into a plate making mold, uniformly paving, decompressing and stacking according to the set compaction density, cutting the plate according to the actual required size after the plate is dried, and punching to obtain the agricultural waste matrix ecological covering pad.
2. The method for preparing an agricultural waste substrate degradable covering plate for replacing mulching film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the step S12, drying the crushed agricultural wastes until the water content is 8-12%, thereby obtaining the raw material for the ecological covering mat.
3. The method for preparing an agricultural waste substrate degradable covering plate for replacing mulching film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S21, the stirrer is stirred at the speed of 500-.
4. The method for preparing an agricultural waste substrate degradable covering plate for replacing mulching film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the wood particle activated carbon used in the step S32 is 40-80 meshes in position, the iodine value is more than or equal to 1000mg/g, and water is added until the total water content of all raw materials is 20-30%.
5. The method for preparing an agricultural waste substrate degradable covering plate for replacing mulching film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the step S42, the set compaction density and pressure are 0.5-1.0MPa, and cold pressing is carried out for 1-5h at normal temperature.
6. The method for preparing an agricultural waste substrate degradable covering plate for replacing mulching film as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the step S32, drying the mixture at 45-60 ℃ until the water content is 8-12%.
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