CN110229311B - 一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNUs及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNUs及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN110229311B
CN110229311B CN201910521262.5A CN201910521262A CN110229311B CN 110229311 B CN110229311 B CN 110229311B CN 201910521262 A CN201910521262 A CN 201910521262A CN 110229311 B CN110229311 B CN 110229311B
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闫卓君
冯彬
夏立新
布乃顺
张谦
刘枫
李予博
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Abstract

本发明属于新材料技术领域,尤其涉及一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物及其制备方法和应用。将1,3,6,8‑四溴芘分别与含硼酸的化合物加入到圆底烧瓶中,再加入溶剂DMF,用液氮将其冰冻,用油泵抽真空、通氮气至常压,反复循环三次,将四(三苯基磷)钯和碳酸钾溶液迅速加入到圆底烧瓶中,抽真空、通氮气至常压反复循环三次,待解冻后在高温下反应48‑60h,冷却至室温;将上述产物依次用水,N,N'‑二甲基甲酰胺,四氢呋喃和丙酮洗涤数次,得粗产物,依次用四氢呋喃、氯仿和二氯甲烷对粗产物进行索氏提取,在90‑150℃真空干燥24小时,得目标产物。本发明制备的LNUs可用于检测环境中的Fe3+离子,选择性好,灵敏度高,检测方法简单实用。

Description

一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNUs及其制备方法和 应用
技术领域
本发明属于新材料技术领域,尤其涉及一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
无论是正常的机体活动还是人类的生活环境,金属离子都扮演着重要角色,Fe3+离子是其中之一,它帮助不同的蛋白质向身体输送氧气,扮演着重要角色。但是摄入过多或过少铁离子都会产生不良影响。机体中过多的铁离子会引起急性铁中毒和慢性铁中毒;缺铁会导致头晕耳鸣,记忆力不集中或减退,甚至会导致肝炎、血色病及功能性障碍等疾病。铁在地壳中是含量丰富的元素,目前由于人类的生产活动导致铁的使用对大气、土壤和水体造成了严重的污染。世界卫生组织认为铁离子对环境的影响不容忽视,规定环境中铁离子的浓度应控制在3×10-4mg/mL。因此,如何高效、专一的检测铁离子成为目前急需解决的问题。传统检测铁离子的方法,如分光光度法、电感耦合等离子体、阴阳极溶出伏安法、液相色谱等,这些方法虽然有较高的检测能力,但是花费高,可操作性差。相比这些方法,荧光传感由于操作方便,响应信号及时,具有高度的灵敏度和选择性,非常适合用于检测金属离子。
由于荧光传感材料受到了广泛关注,大量的无机和有机材料不断涌现。例如石墨烯量子点、碳点、碳纳米材料、金属有机骨架(MOFs)、多孔有机聚合物(POPs)等都可用于荧光检测。其中多孔有机聚合物由于具有优异的热化学稳定性、高比表面积以及合成方法多样性等优势,引起科学家们广泛的研究兴趣。结合多孔有机聚合物其自身结构可修饰的特性,可以在聚合物骨架中引入共轭结构和多个结合位点促进发光,进而更好的增强荧光传感。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物,应用于环境中Fe3+离子检测。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物,其化学结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002096764610000011
上述的一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物的制备方法,步骤如下:
1)将1,3,6,8-四溴芘与含硼酸的化合物加入到圆底烧瓶中,再加入溶剂DMF,用液氮将其冰冻,用油泵抽真空、通氮气至常压,反复循环三次,将四(三苯基磷)钯和碳酸钾溶液迅速加入到圆底烧瓶中,抽真空、通氮气至常压反复循环三次,待解冻后在高温下反应48-60h,冷却至室温;
2)将步骤1)所得产物依次用水,N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺,四氢呋喃和丙酮洗涤数次,得粗产物,依次用四氢呋喃、氯仿和二氯甲烷对粗产物进行索氏提取,在90-150℃真空干燥24小时,得目标产物;
上述的一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物的制备方法,步骤1)中,所述的含硼酸的化合物是2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3-二氧-2-硼烷基)-9,9二辛基芴,1,2-双苯二硼酸频那醇酯或1,3-双苯二硼酸频那醇酯。
上述的一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物的制备方法,步骤1)中,按摩尔比,1,3,6,8-四溴芘:2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3-二氧-2-硼烷基)-9,9二辛基芴为1:1-5,或1,3,6,8-四溴芘:1,2-双苯二硼酸频那醇酯为1:1-5,或1,3,6,8-四溴芘:1,3-双苯二硼酸频那醇酯为1:1-5。
上述的一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物的制备方法,按质量比,1,3,6,8-四溴芘:DMF=1:180-190。
上述的一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物的制备方法,按摩尔比,1,3,6,8-四溴芘:四(三苯基磷)钯:碳酸钾=1:0.05-0.1:17-18。
上述的一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物的制备方法,步骤1)中所述的高温为120-200℃。
上述的一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物在检测环境中Fe3+离子的应用。
上述的应用,将上述的一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物分散在有机溶剂中,加入Fe3+离子,进行荧光检测,观察荧光强度。
本发明的有益效果是:
1)本发明所采用反应单体廉价易得。
2)本发明所述的合成方法操作简单,具有广泛的适用性。
3)本发明制备的LNUs可用于检测环境中的Fe3+离子,选择性好,灵敏度高,检测方法简单实用。
附图说明
图1-1:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22的红外谱图;
图1-2:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-23的红外谱图;
图1-3:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-24的红外谱图;
图2:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22、LNU-23、LNU-24的热重曲线;
图3:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22、LNU-23、LNU-24的X-射线衍射谱图;
图4:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22、LNU-23、LNU-24的扫描电镜图;
图5:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22、LNU-23、LNU-24的透射电镜图;
图6-1:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22在不同有机溶剂中的荧光曲线;
图6-2:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-23在不同有机溶剂中的荧光曲线;
图6-3:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-24在不同有机溶剂中的荧光曲线;
图7-1:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22对不同金属离子的选择性;图7-2:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-23对不同金属离子的选择性;图7-3:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-24对不同金属离子的选择性;图8-1:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22在THF中对不同浓度Fe3+离子荧光强度变化谱图:
图8-2:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-23在THF中对不同浓度Fe3+离子荧光强度变化谱图:
图8-3:本发明合成的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-24在THF中对不同浓度Fe3+离子荧光强度变化谱图。
具体实施方式
发明选用具有荧光性能的有机单体1,3,6,8-四溴芘和不同结构的含硼酸化合物作为构筑基元,通过Suzuki偶联反应成功合成了一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNUs。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱,热重分析,粉末X-射线衍射,扫描电镜,透射电镜和荧光光谱等对材料的结构和性能进行了系统表征。实验结果证明,制备得到的LNUs均可用于检测环境中的Fe3+离子,展现出很高的灵敏度和选择性,具有很好的应用前景。
实施例1含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22的制备
(一)LNU-22的合成
将300.8mg的1,3,6,8-四溴芘(0.579mmoL)和744.1mg的2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3-二氧-2-硼烷基)-9,9二辛基芴(1.158mmoL)放入100mL圆底烧瓶中,加入60mL DMF,用液氮将其冰冻,用油泵抽真空、通氮气至常压,反复循环三次,然后40mg四(三苯基磷)钯和5mL碳酸钾溶液(2moL/L)被迅速加入到圆底烧瓶中,将上述反应体系抽真空、通氮气至常压反复循环三次,待解冻后放入130℃的温度下反应48h,冷却至室温。
(二)LNU-22的后处理
将上述产物依次用水,N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺,四氢呋喃和丙酮洗涤数次,除去未反应的单体或催化剂残留,得粗产物。依次用四氢呋喃、氯仿和二氯甲烷对粗产物进行索氏提取,在90℃真空干燥24小时,得到的绿色粉末即为本发明所述的LNU-22。LNU-22的合成路线如下所示。
Figure BDA0002096764610000041
实施例2含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-23的制备
将单体2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3-二氧-2-硼烷基)-9,9二辛基芴换成1,2-双苯二硼酸频那醇酯(382.3mg,1.158mmoL),重复例1,得到的绿色粉末即为本发明所述的LNU-23。LNU-23的合成路线如下所示。
Figure BDA0002096764610000042
实施例3含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-24的制备
将单体2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3-二氧-2-硼烷基)-9,9二辛基芴换成1,3-双苯二硼酸频那醇酯(382.3mg,1.158mmoL),重复例1,得到的绿色粉末即为本发明所述的LNU-24。LNU-24的合成路线如下所示。
Figure BDA0002096764610000051
实施例4检测
(一)红外光谱检测
对实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所制备的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物进行红外光谱检测。如图1-1~图1-3所示,实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所制备的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22(A),LNU-23(B)和LNU-24(C)及其相应单体的红外谱图,图中a对应的曲线为多孔有机聚合物LNUs,b和c分别对应着反应单体。从图中可以看到1,3,6,8-四溴芘单体在495cm-1处的伸缩振动为C-Br键在聚合物中消失;硼酸化合物单体中1417cm-1处的伸缩振动为C-B键和1351cm-1处伸缩振动为B-O键,在聚合物均消失,以上结果证明了聚合反应的成功。
(二)热重分析
对实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所制备的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22,LNU-23,LNU-24在氮气氛围10℃min-1测试条件下进行热重分析,热重曲线如图2所示。从图中我们可看到聚合物骨架在400℃才开始分解,说明聚合物LNUs具有非常好的热稳定性。同时,我们在测试聚合物材料的溶解性时,发现样品在普通的有机溶剂里(甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、丙酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿和四氢呋喃等)都不会溶解或者是分解,证明了聚合物具有非常好的溶剂稳定性。
(三)X-射线衍射分析
对实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所制备的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22,LNU-23,LNU-24进行X-射线衍射分析,结果如图3所示。从图中可以看出,LNU-22(a),LNU-23(b)和LNU-24(c)没有明显的XRD衍射峰,说明LNUs为无定型结构。
(四)扫描电镜分析
采用扫描电镜对实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所制备的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22,LNU-23,LNU-24进行观察,结果如图4所示,可以看到LNUs均由不规则的颗粒状固体堆积而成。
(五)透射电镜分析
采用透射电镜对实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所制备的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22,LNU-23,LNU-24进行观察,结果如图5所示,可以看到LNUs具有蠕虫状的孔道结构。
实施例6含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNUs最佳溶剂的选择
将实施例1、实施例2、实施例3所制备的含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22,LNU-23,LNU-24分别分散在乙腈、N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺、丙酮、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、无水乙醇和甲醇等不同的有机溶剂中,上述有机溶剂的浓度均为0.4mg/mL,超声使其均匀分散,再对其测定荧光曲线,结果如图6-1~图6-3所示。从图中可以看出,相同条件下,LNUs在THF溶剂中测的荧光强度最大,说明THF为样品最佳的分散溶剂。
实施例7含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNUs对不同金属离子的选择性
取含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNU-22,LNU-23,LNU-24分别分散在THF中,再分别加入不同的金属离子(Ag+、Ni2+、Hg2+、Pb2+、Cu2+、Co2+、Al3+和Fe3+)进行荧光检测,检测结果如图7-1~图7-3所示。可以看到LNUs对Fe3+离子有明显的荧光猝灭效果,该实验结果说明LNUs对Fe3+离子有更高的选择性。
实施例8含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNUs对不同浓度的Fe3+离子的检测
取含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物LNUs分散在THF中,分别加入不同浓度的Fe3+离子,进行荧光检测,检测结果如图8-1~图8-3所示。从图中我们可以看到随着Fe3+离子浓度不断增加,聚合物的荧光强度逐渐趋近于0,说明荧光近于完全猝灭。以上结果证明了LNUs可以专一、灵敏的检测环境中的Fe3+离子,具有很好的应用前景。

Claims (7)

1.一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物在检测环境中Fe3+离子的应用,其特征在于,将一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物分散在有机溶剂中,加入Fe3+离子,进行荧光检测,观察荧光强度;
所述的一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物,其化学结构如下:
Figure FDA0003346928020000011
2.权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的一类含芘结构单元的多孔有机聚合物的制备方法步骤如下:
1)将1,3,6,8-四溴芘与含硼酸的化合物加入到圆底烧瓶中,再加入溶剂DMF;用液氮将其冰冻,用油泵抽真空、通氮气至常压,反复循环三次,将四(三苯基磷)钯和碳酸钾溶液迅速加入到圆底烧瓶中,抽真空、通氮气至常压反复循环三次,待解冻后在高温下反应48-60h,冷却至室温;
2)将步骤1)所得产物依次用水,N,N'-二甲基甲酰胺,四氢呋喃和丙酮洗涤数次,得粗产物,依次用四氢呋喃、氯仿和二氯甲烷对粗产物进行索氏提取,在90-150℃真空干燥24小时,得目标产物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:所述的含硼酸的化合物是2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3-二氧-2-硼烷基)-9,9二辛基芴,1,2-双苯二硼酸频那醇酯或1,3-双苯二硼酸频那醇酯。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤1)中,按摩尔比,1,3,6,8-四溴芘:2,7-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3-二氧-2-硼烷基)-9,9二辛基芴为1:1-5,或1,3,6,8-四溴芘:1,2-双苯二硼酸频那醇酯为1:1-5,或1,3,6,8-四溴芘:1,3-双苯二硼酸频那醇酯为1:1-5。
5.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:按质量比,1,3,6,8-四溴芘:DMF=1:180-190。
6.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:按摩尔比,1,3,6,8-四溴芘:四(三苯基磷)钯:碳酸钾=1:0.05-0.1:17-18。
7.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于:步骤1)中所述的高温为120-200℃。
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