CN110205184A - 一种矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂 - Google Patents

一种矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂 Download PDF

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CN110205184A
CN110205184A CN201910486609.7A CN201910486609A CN110205184A CN 110205184 A CN110205184 A CN 110205184A CN 201910486609 A CN201910486609 A CN 201910486609A CN 110205184 A CN110205184 A CN 110205184A
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oil
wax
wire rope
lubricating grease
mine
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耿飞
潘明均
蔡梦莹
王姚
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左晓兵
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Changshu Institute of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂，按重量百分数计，包括如下组分：蜡膏10‑30%、增粘剂20‑30%、合成蜡10‑20%、第一基础油24.5‑33.5%、第二基础油0.98‑4.9%、复合铝基脂5‑15%、桐油0.5‑1.5%、石墨烯0.02‑0.10%。本发明在烃基润滑脂中加入少量的复合铝基脂以及改性石墨烯抗磨剂制成特定稠度的半流体钢丝绳润滑脂，提高了产品的滴点、高温氧化安定性、防水性和挤压抗磨等防护性能，解决了现用产品的高温流淌、低温开裂、腐蚀生锈等问题。

Description

一种矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂，属于润滑技术领域。
背景技术
钢丝绳按不同用途可分为矿井提升机用绳、港口机械用绳、渔业用绳、起重机用绳、电梯用绳，缆车用绳、工程机械用绳、石油钢丝绳等。《煤矿安全规程》对矿用提升机提出了强制要求：1)抗拉强度高，能承受较大的、振动的载荷； 2)能在高速运动条件下工作，运转稳定；3)自重较轻，便于使用及运输； 4)较柔软，可挠性好，能适应捆扎、卷扬、缠绕、拉曳等多方面工作； 5)耐磨性、耐蚀性能及安全性能较好。
影响矿用钢丝绳寿命的主要因素有人为的使用不当、卡罐；恶劣的工况环境如风吹、日晒、雨淋、含SO2、CO气体之类，以及对钢丝绳润滑脂的认识不足和使用失误等造成断丝、锈蚀、磨损，影响设备运行、威胁人身安全。因而需要选择合适的润滑脂，如高温不流淌、低温不脆裂、防锈、抗水、挤压耐磨、渗透性好、粘度适中等。
目前国内常用的钢丝绳润滑脂由于滴点低，耐热耐寒性、黏附性差，抗水、氧化安定性、防锈、挤压抗磨性能等达不到工况要求，使用性能和效果往往满足不了实际需求。许多人对此进行了改进， CN107987927A《一种钢丝绳油组合物》提供了一种润滑油，加入多种不含固体的添加剂，提供各种性能。CN104371796A《一种低温润滑脂组合物及其制备方法》采用低温性能优异的基础油，稠化硬脂酸锂皂有机膨润土形成一种具有特殊性能的润滑脂，低温性能优异，适用于东北矿山。CN104371796A《一种低温润滑脂组合物及其制备方法》用硬脂酸锂皂稠化聚α烯烃合成油得到低温性能优异的润滑脂，用于东北矿山。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂。
实现本发明目的的技术解决方案是：一种矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂，按重量百分数计，包括如下组分：
蜡膏 10-30%
增粘剂 20-30%
合成蜡 10-20%
第一基础油 24.5-33.5%
第二基础油 0.98-4.9%
复合铝基脂 5-15%
桐油 0.5-1.5%
石墨烯 0.02-0.10%。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中，第一基础油为抽出油和橡胶油中任意一种，抽出油的主要成分是多环芳烃，其100℃的运动粘度在15-40mm2/s,其中优选100℃的运动粘度在25-35 mm2/s的抽出油；橡胶油的主要成分有石蜡基、环烷基、芳烃基三种，其100℃的运动粘度在15-40mm2/s,其中优选100℃的运动粘度在25-35 mm2/s的橡胶油。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中，第二基础油为PAO40、G250N和150BS中任意一种。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中，合成蜡包括费托蜡、沙索蜡、聚乙烯蜡，优选熔点为110℃以上的聚乙烯蜡。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中，蜡膏为膏状物，是地蜡、石蜡和油的混合物，熔点优选60-80℃的蜡膏。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中，增粘剂选自乙丙共聚物、聚异丁烯和聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨脂、聚醋酸乙烯一种或组合。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点是：（1）本发明在烃基润滑脂中加入少量的复合铝基脂以及改性石墨烯抗磨剂制成特定稠度的半流体钢丝绳润滑脂，提高了产品的滴点、高温氧化安定性、防水性和挤压抗磨等防护性能，解决了现用产品的高温流淌、低温开裂、腐蚀生锈等问题。（2）本发明所述产品使用温度范围在-40~80℃，不含挥发性溶剂，涂敷方便，生产成本低，提高润滑效果，能有效满足运行中钢丝绳内、外部的润滑和防护要求。
具体实施方式
本发明所述的矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂的制备工艺，包括如下步骤：
（1）预制增摩剂：将0.02-0.1%石墨烯与分散剂（NMP、十二烷基磺酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等）超声2-3h混合均匀，后加入0.98-4.9%第二基础油，在球磨机里以600rmp/min研磨2-3h，得到分散效果良好的溶液，然后加热到200℃挥发掉分散剂得到浓度质量分数为2%的石墨烯油溶液（即石墨烯的基础油溶液），备用；
（2）预制合成蜡膏：将10-20%合成蜡与12-20%第一基础油按质量比例1：1-1.5，在120-140℃下搅拌1-2h，备用；
（3）将20-30%增粘剂和4.5-6%第一基础油加到反应器中，加热到80℃-90℃搅拌0.5-1h；
（4）加入预制合成蜡膏和10-30%蜡膏，升高温度到100-120℃搅拌1h，后加入5-15%复合铝基脂（江苏惠丰润滑材料）和5-8%第一基础油，加热搅拌30min；
（5）将步骤（4）中物料降温至80-90℃，加入预制增摩剂和0.5-1.5%桐油，搅拌10-20min，冷却装样。
实例一：
原料按质量百分比，组成如下：
蜡膏 30 %，聚乙烯蜡10%，聚丙烯酸酯 25%，抽出油 24.5%，复合铝基脂 5%，桐油0.5%，石墨烯0.1%，PAO40 4.9%。
将0.1%石墨烯与分散剂NMP超声3h混合均匀，后加入4.9%PAO40在球磨机里以600rmp/min研磨3h，得到分散效果良好的溶液，然后加热到200℃挥发掉分散剂得到浓度质量分数为2%的石墨烯油溶液，即得预制增摩剂，备用；将10%聚乙烯蜡与15%抽出油即按照质量比例1：1.5称取，在140℃下搅拌1.5h，即得预制合成蜡膏，备用；将聚丙烯酸酯25%和4.5%抽出油加到反应器中，加热到90℃搅拌1h；加入预制合成蜡膏和蜡膏30%，升高温度到100℃搅拌1h，后加入5%复合铝基脂和5%抽出油，加热搅拌30min；降温至90℃，加入增摩剂和0.5%桐油，搅拌20min,冷却装样。
实例二：
原料按质量百分比，组成如下：
蜡膏 20%，聚乙烯蜡 12%，乙丙共聚物 30%，抽出油 25%，复合铝基脂基脂 8% ，桐油1%，石墨烯0.08%，G250N 3.92%。
将0.08%石墨烯与分散剂十二烷基磺酸钠超声2h混合均匀，后加入3.92% G250N在球磨机里以600rmp/min研磨3h，得到分散效果良好的溶液，然后加热到200℃挥发掉分散剂得到浓度质量分数为2%的石墨烯油溶液，即得预制增摩剂，备用；将12%聚乙烯蜡与12%抽出油即按照质量比例1：1，在140℃下搅拌2h，即得预制合成蜡膏，备用；将乙丙共聚物30%和5%基础油加到反应器中，加热到90℃搅拌1h；加入预制合成蜡膏和20%蜡膏，升高温度到100℃搅拌1h，后加入8%复合铝基脂和5%抽出油，搅拌30min；降温至90℃，加入增摩剂和1%桐油，搅拌20min,冷却装样。
实例三：
原料按质量百分比，组成如下：
蜡膏 20%，聚乙烯蜡 15%；聚异丁烯 20%，橡胶油 30.5%，复合铝基脂 10%，桐油 1.5%，石墨烯0.06%，150BS 2.94%。
将0.06%石墨烯分散剂与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮超声3h混合均匀，后加入2.94%150BS在球磨机里以600rmp/min研磨2.5h，得到分散效果良好的溶液，然后加热到200℃挥发掉分散剂得到浓度质量分数为2%的石墨烯油溶液，即得预制增摩剂，备用；将15%聚乙烯蜡与18%橡胶油即按照质量比例1：1.2，在130℃下搅拌1.5h，即得预制合成蜡膏，备用；将聚异丁烯20%和6%基础油加到反应器中，加热到80℃-90℃搅拌0.5-1h，加入预制合成蜡膏和20%蜡膏，升高温度到110℃搅拌1h，后加入10%复合铝基脂和6.5%橡胶油，搅拌30min；降温至80℃，加入增摩剂和1.5%桐油，搅拌15min,冷却装样。
实例四：
原料按质量百分比，组成如下：
蜡膏 15%，聚乙烯蜡 18%，乙丙共聚物10%，聚异丁烯 10%，橡胶油 32%，复合铝基脂12%，桐油 1%，石墨烯0.04%，PAO40 1.96%。
将0.04%石墨烯与分散剂NMP超声2h混合均匀，后加入1.96%150BS在球磨机里以600rmp/min研磨2.5h，得到分散效果良好的溶液，然后加热到200℃挥发掉分散剂得到浓度质量分数为2%的石墨烯油溶液，即得预制增摩剂，备用；将18%聚乙烯蜡与18%橡胶油即按照质量比例1：1，在130℃下搅拌1.5h，即得预制合成蜡膏，备用；将聚异丁烯10%、乙丙共聚物10%和橡胶油6%加到反应器中，加热到80℃搅拌1h，加入预制合成蜡膏和15%蜡膏，升高温度到120℃搅拌1h，后加入12%复合铝基脂和8%橡胶油，搅拌30min；降温至80℃，加入增摩剂和1%桐油，搅拌10min,冷却装样。
实例五：
原料按质量百分比，组成如下：
蜡膏 10%，聚乙烯蜡 20%，乙丙共聚物10%，聚丙烯酸酯10%，橡胶油 33.50%，复合铝基脂 15%，桐油 0.5%，石墨烯0.02%，150BS 0.98%。
将0.02%石墨烯与分散剂NMP超声2h混合均匀，后加入0.98%150BS在球磨机里以600rmp/min研磨2h，得到分散效果良好的溶液，然后加热到200℃挥发掉分散剂得到浓度质量分数为2%的石墨烯油溶液，即得预制增摩剂，备用；将20%聚乙烯蜡与20%橡胶油即按照质量比例1：1，在140℃下搅拌1.5h，即得预制合成蜡膏，备用；将聚异丁烯10%、乙丙共聚物10%和6%橡胶油加到反应器中，加热到90℃搅拌0.5h，加入预制合成蜡膏和10%蜡膏，升高温度到120℃搅拌1h，后加入15%复合铝基脂和7.5%橡胶油，搅拌30min；降温至80℃，加入增摩剂和0.5%桐油，搅拌10min,冷却装样。
对比例：抽出油17%，橡胶油13%，蜡膏25%，聚乙烯蜡15%，聚丙烯酸酯30%。
技术指标 实例一 实例二 实例三 实例四 实例五 对比例 试验方法
外观 棕色均匀油膏 棕色均匀油膏 棕色均匀油膏 棕色均匀油膏 棕色均匀油膏 棕色均匀油膏 目测
滴点/℃ 101 98 100 103 107 74 GB/T4929
未工作锥入度/（1/10mm） 92 90 104 107 110 99 GB/T269
腐蚀（45#钢片，T3铜片，100℃，3h） 合格 合格 合格 合格 合格 合格 SH/T033
水分（质量分数/%） 痕迹 痕迹 痕迹 痕迹 痕迹 痕迹 GB/T260
滑落试验（60℃，1h） 合格 合格 合格 合格 合格 合格 SH/T0387-2014
滑落试验（80℃，3h） 合格 合格 合格 合格 合格 不合格
低温性能(-30℃，30min) 合格 合格 合格 合格 合格 合格 SH/T0387-2014
低温性能(-40℃，30min) 合格 合格 合格 合格 合格 不合格

Claims (9)

1.一种矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，按重量百分数计，包括如下组分：
蜡膏 10-30%
增粘剂 20-30%
合成蜡 10-20%
第一基础油 24.5-33.5%
第二基础油 0.98-4.9%
复合铝基脂 5-15%
桐油 0.5-1.5%
石墨烯 0.02-0.10%。
2.如权利要求1所述的矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，第一基础油为抽出油和橡胶油中任意一种。
3. 如权利要求1或2所述的矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，第一基础油为100℃的运动粘度在25-35 mm2/s的抽出油。
4. 如权利要求1或2所述的矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，第一基础油为100℃的运动粘度在25-35 mm2/s的橡胶油。
5.如权利要求1所述的矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，第二基础油为PAO40、G250N和150BS中任意一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，合成蜡包括费托蜡、沙索蜡、聚乙烯蜡，优选熔点为110℃以上的聚乙烯蜡。
7.如权利要求1所述的矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，蜡膏为膏状物，是地蜡、石蜡和油的混合物，熔点优选60-80℃的蜡膏。
8.如权利要求1所述的矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，增粘剂选自乙丙共聚物、聚异丁烯和聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨脂、聚醋酸乙烯一种或组合。
9.矿山用钢丝绳润滑脂的制备工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）预制增摩剂：将0.02-0.1%石墨烯与分散剂超声2-3h混合均匀，后加入0.98-4.9%第二基础油，在球磨机里以600rmp/min研磨2-3h，得到分散效果良好的溶液，然后加热到200℃挥发掉分散剂得到浓度质量分数为2%的石墨烯油溶液，备用；
（2）预制合成蜡膏：将10-20%合成蜡与12-20%第一基础油按质量比例1：1-1.5，在120-140℃下搅拌1-2h，备用；
（3）将20-30%增粘剂和4.5-6%第一基础油加到反应器中，加热到80℃-90℃搅拌0.5-1h；
（4）加入预制合成蜡膏和10-30%蜡膏，升高温度到100-120℃搅拌1h，后加入5-15%复合铝基脂和5-8%第一基础油，加热搅拌30min；
（5）将步骤（4）中物料降温至80-90℃，加入预制增摩剂和0.5-1.5%桐油，搅拌10-20min，冷却、装样。
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