CN110157523A - 高性能钢丝绳润滑脂 - Google Patents

高性能钢丝绳润滑脂 Download PDF

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CN110157523A
CN110157523A CN201910457789.6A CN201910457789A CN110157523A CN 110157523 A CN110157523 A CN 110157523A CN 201910457789 A CN201910457789 A CN 201910457789A CN 110157523 A CN110157523 A CN 110157523A
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oil
wax
steel cord
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耿飞
王涛
蔡梦莹
刘慧敏
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左晓兵
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Changshu Institute of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高性能钢丝绳润滑脂，按重量百分数计，包括如下组分：基础油34.29‑41.14、蜡膏15‑30、合成蜡10‑20、增粘剂20‑30、MDI 0.32‑0.97、十八胺0.44‑1.33、石墨烯0.02‑0.1。本发明在烃基润滑脂中加入聚脲润滑脂制成特定稠度的半流体钢丝绳润滑脂，提高产品的滴点、抗盐雾、抗辐射、防水性和耐磨性等防护性能，解决现用产品的高温流淌、低温开裂、腐蚀生锈等问题，加入低凝点基础油解决了产品的低温开裂问题。

Description

高性能钢丝绳润滑脂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高性能钢丝绳润滑脂，属于润滑技术领域。
背景技术
钢丝绳的强度高，自重轻，不易骤然整根折断，工作可靠，在起重机、渔业、矿山、港口、油田和工程建设中被广泛应用，在国民经济中发挥着巨大的作用。钢丝绳的应用工况比较恶劣，使用场所多为露天或地下,温度变化大,因腐蚀和润滑不足等引起的断丝、报废情况屡见不鲜，给国民经济造成了一定的损失。
钢丝绳润滑脂不仅要求滴点高,而且低温性能要好,可满足温度变化大的地区及行业或季节使用。还需具有良好的抗水性，因为钢丝绳使用环境通常潮湿或有淋水,钢丝绳润滑脂应遇水不乳化,能有效防止水分的侵蚀。同时需要良好的防锈性，钢丝绳润滑脂的重要作用是在储存和使用过程中保护钢丝绳不发生锈蚀,形成有耐磨性的油膜，从而可有效延长钢丝绳的使用寿命。
现国内普通使用的钢丝绳表面润滑脂滴点大多在70℃以下，有的甚至在60℃以下，在气温高达35℃的夏天，加上太阳曝晒，钢丝绳的表面温度可达70℃以上，超过了普通使用的钢丝绳表面润滑脂的滴点，这时候钢丝绳表面润滑脂常常会有滴油现象；如果此时钢丝绳处于使用状态，有时还会出现甩油现象。在冬天，由于气温较低，低温性能差的钢丝绳表面润滑脂又容易出现脆裂脱落，起不到保护作用，钢丝绳的运动状态(静止拉伸还是反复弯折)，应用环境(矿山开采、渔业海洋用绳或建筑结构钢丝绳)以及是否初装试运行都会对钢丝绳表面润滑脂有不同的要求，这就需要一种高性能的钢丝绳表面润滑脂来满足实际需要。国内高性能钢丝绳表面润滑脂的发展还不太成熟，还处于研发阶段，少有高标准的钢丝绳表面润滑脂产品，难以满足苛刻工况下的使用要求。
发明内容
为解决以上问题，本发明的目的是提供一种高性能钢丝绳润滑脂。
实现本发明目的的技术解决方案是：一种高性能钢丝绳润滑脂，按重量百分数计，包括如下组分：基础油34.29-41.14、蜡膏15-30、合成蜡10-20、增粘剂20-30、MDI(二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯)0.32-0.97、十八胺0.44-1.33、石墨烯0.02-0.1。
进一步的，基础油为抽出油和橡胶油中任意一种或两种，抽出油的主要成分是多环芳烃，其100℃的运动粘度在15-40mm2/s，其中优选100℃的运动粘度在25-35mm2/s的抽出油；橡胶油的主要成分有石蜡基、环烷基、芳烃基三种，其100℃的运动粘度在15-40mm2/s,其中优选100℃的运动粘度在25-35mm2/s的橡胶油。
进一步的，蜡膏为膏状物，是地蜡、石蜡和油的混合物，优选熔点为60-80℃的蜡膏。
进一步的，合成蜡包括费托蜡、沙索蜡、聚乙烯蜡，优选熔点为90℃以上的费托蜡和熔点为110℃以上的聚乙烯蜡中的一种或其混合物。
进一步的，增粘剂包括乙丙共聚物、聚异丁烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨脂、聚醋酸乙烯。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：
(1)本发明在烃基润滑脂中加入聚脲润滑脂制成特定稠度的半流体钢丝绳润滑脂，提高产品的滴点、抗盐雾、抗辐射、防水性和耐磨性等防护性能，解决现用产品的高温流淌、低温开裂、腐蚀生锈等问题，加入低凝点基础油解决了产品的低温开裂问题。
(2)本发明的钢丝绳润滑脂可用于起重机、矿山、电梯等，不含挥发性溶剂，涂敷方便，生产成本低，提高润滑效果，能有效满足运行中钢丝绳内、外部的润滑和防护要求。
具体实施方式
本发明所述的高性能钢丝绳润滑脂的制备工艺，包括如下步骤：
1)预制增摩剂：将0.02-0.1％石墨烯与分散剂(NMP、十二烷基磺酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等)混合，超声分散2-3h；后加入0.98-4.9％基础油在球磨机里以600rmp/min研磨2-3h，然后加热到200℃挥发掉分散剂得到浓度为2wt％的石墨烯油溶液(即石墨烯的基础油溶液)，备用；
2)预制合成蜡膏：将10-20％合成蜡与15-20％基础油按照质量比例为1：1-1.5，在120-140℃下混合搅拌1-2h，冷却，备用；
3)预制油相：将6.99-11.01％基础油和20-30％增粘剂置于容器中一起升温至80-90℃，搅拌30min，备用；
4)将0.35-1.06％十八胺和1.58-4.73％的基础油加入反应釜在80-100℃下搅拌溶解；将MDI和2.25-6.75％的基础油在烧杯中40-60℃下溶解，然后缓慢加入反应釜中；
5)加入1-2ml水，恒温10min,升温至130-150℃加入0.56-1.69％基础油搅拌60-90min,；
6)降温至120-130℃，加入15-30％蜡膏、合成蜡膏以及油相，搅拌30min；
7)降温至70-80℃加入增摩剂，搅拌30min,冷却，装样。
实例一：
原料按质量百分比，组成如下：
MDI 0.26；十八胺0.35；石墨烯0.1；抽出油34.29；蜡膏30；聚乙烯蜡10；聚丙烯酸酯25。
将0.1％石墨烯与分散剂NMP超声3h混合均匀，后加入4.9％抽出油在球磨机里以600rmp/min研磨3h,得到分散效果良好的溶液，然后加热到200℃挥发掉分散剂得到浓度质量分数为2％的石墨烯油溶液即得增摩剂，备用；将合成蜡与基础油按质量比例1：1.5，即称取10％聚乙烯蜡与15％的抽出油，在120℃下搅拌2h，冷却即得合成蜡膏，备用；将10％抽出油和25％的聚丙烯酸酯置于烧杯中一起升温至80℃，搅拌30min即得油相，备用；将0.35％十八胺和1.58％的抽出油加入反应釜在80℃下搅拌溶解；0.26％MDI和2.25％的抽出油在烧杯中40℃下溶解，然后缓慢加入反应釜中；加入1ml水，恒温10min,升温至130℃加入0.56％抽出油搅拌60min；降温至120℃，加入30％蜡膏、合成蜡膏以及油相，搅拌30min；降温至80℃加入增摩剂，搅拌30min,冷却，装样。
实例二：
原料按质量百分比，组成如下：
MDI 0.41；十八胺0.56；石墨烯0.08；橡胶油39.95；蜡膏27；沙索蜡12；聚氨酯20。
将0.08％石墨烯与分散剂十二烷基磺酸钠超声3h混合均匀，后加入3.92％橡胶油在球磨机里以600rmp/min研磨2.5h,得到分散效果良好的溶液，然后加热到200℃挥发掉分散剂得到浓度质量分数为2％的石墨烯油溶液即得增摩剂；将合成蜡与基础油按照质量比例为1：1.5，即称取12％沙索蜡与18％的橡胶油，在125℃下搅拌1.5h，冷却即得合成蜡膏；将11.01％橡胶油和聚氨酯20％置于烧杯中一起升温至90℃，搅拌30min即得油相；将0.56％十八胺和2.52％的橡胶油加入反应釜在85℃下搅拌溶解；将0.41％MDI和3.60％的橡胶油在烧杯中40℃下溶解，然后缓慢加入反应釜中；加入1.5ml水，恒温10min,升温至135℃加入0.90％橡胶油搅拌60min；降温至120℃，加入27％蜡膏、合成蜡膏以及油相，搅拌30min；降温至75℃加入增摩剂，搅拌30min,冷却，装样。
实例三：
原料按质量百分比，组成如下：
MDI 0.52；十八胺0.71；石墨烯0.06；抽出油9.99；橡胶油26.72；蜡膏25；聚乙烯蜡15；聚醋酸乙烯22。
将0.06％石墨烯分散剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮超声2.5h混合均匀，后加入2.94％橡胶油在球磨机里以600rmp/min研磨2h,得到分散效果良好的溶液，然后加热到200℃挥发掉分散剂得到浓度质量分数为2％的石墨烯油溶液即得增摩剂；将合成蜡与基础油按照质量比例1：1，即称取15％聚乙烯蜡蜡与15％的橡胶油，在130℃下搅拌1.5h，冷却即得合成蜡膏；将9.99％抽出油和聚醋酸乙烯22％置于烧杯中一起升温至85℃，搅拌30min即得油相；将0.71％十八胺和3.15％的橡胶油加入反应釜在85℃下搅拌溶解；0.52％MDI和4.50％的橡胶油在烧杯中40℃下溶解，然后缓慢加入反应釜中；加入1.5ml水，恒温10min,升温至130℃加入1.13％橡胶油搅拌60min；降温至120℃，加入25％蜡膏、合成蜡膏以及油相，搅拌30min；降温至70℃加入增摩剂，搅拌30min,冷却，装样。
实例四：
原料按质量百分比，组成如下：
MDI 0.62；十八胺0.85；石墨烯0.04；橡胶油6；抽出油30.49；蜡膏16；沙索蜡16；乙烯丙烯共聚物30。
将0.04％石墨烯分散剂NMP超声2h混合均匀，后加入1.96％抽出油在球磨机里以600rmp/min研磨2h,得到分散效果良好的溶液，然后加热到200℃挥发掉分散剂得到浓度质量分数为2％的石墨烯油溶液即得增摩剂；将合成蜡与基础油按照质量比例1：1，即称取16％沙索蜡与16％的抽出油，在135℃下搅拌1h，冷却即得合成蜡膏；将6％橡胶油和乙烯丙烯共聚物30％置于烧杯中一起升温至90℃，搅拌30min即得油相；将0.85％十八胺和3.78％的抽出油加入反应釜在85℃下搅拌溶解；将0.62％MDI和5.40％的抽出油在烧杯中40℃下溶解，然后缓慢加入反应釜中；加入2ml水，恒温10min,升温至140℃加入1.35％抽出油搅拌60min；降温至120℃，加入16％蜡膏、合成蜡膏以及橡胶油和乙烯丙烯共聚物的油溶液，搅拌30min；降温至80℃加入增摩剂，搅拌30min,冷却，装样。
实例五：
原料按质量百分比，组成如下：
MDI 0.78；十八胺1.06；石墨烯0.02；抽出油41.14；蜡膏15；聚乙烯蜡10；沙索蜡10；聚异丁烯22。
将0.02％石墨烯与分散剂十二烷基磺酸钠超声2h混合均匀，后加入0.98％抽出油在球磨机里以600rmp/min研磨2h,得到分散效果良好的溶液，然后加热到200℃挥发掉分散剂得到浓度质量分数为2％的石墨烯油溶液即得增摩剂；将合成蜡与基础油按照质量比例1：1，即称取10％沙索蜡、10％聚乙烯蜡与20％的抽出油，在140℃下搅拌1h，冷却即得合成蜡膏；将6.99％抽出油和聚异丁烯22％置于烧杯中一起升温至90℃，搅拌30min即得油相；将1.06％十八胺和4.73％的抽出油加入反应釜在85℃下搅拌溶解；将0.78％MDI和6.75％的抽出油在烧杯中40℃下溶解，然后缓慢加入反应釜中；加入2ml水，恒温10min,升温至150℃加入1.68％抽出油搅拌60min；降温至120℃，加入15％蜡膏、合成蜡膏以及油相，搅拌30min；降温至80℃加入增摩剂，搅拌30min,冷却，装样。
对比例：抽出油17；橡胶油17；蜡膏21；聚乙烯蜡15；聚丙烯酸酯30。

Claims (8)

1.一种高性能钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，按重量百分数计，包括如下组分：基础油34.29-41.14、蜡膏15-30、合成蜡10-20、增粘剂20-30、MDI 0.32-0.97、十八胺0.44-1.33、石墨烯 0.02-0.1。
2.如权利要求1所述的高性能钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，基础油为抽出油和橡胶油中任意一种或两种。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的高性能钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，基础油为100℃的运动粘度在25-35 mm2/s的抽出油。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的高性能钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，基础油为100℃的运动粘度在25-35 mm2/s的橡胶油。
5.如权利要求1所述的高性能钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，蜡膏为膏状物，是地蜡、石蜡和油的混合物，优选熔点为60-80℃的蜡膏。
6.如权利要求1所述的高性能钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，合成蜡包括费托蜡、沙索蜡、聚乙烯蜡，优选熔点为90℃以上的费托蜡和熔点为110℃以上的聚乙烯蜡中的一种或其混合物。
7.如权利要求1所述的高性能钢丝绳润滑脂，其特征在于，增粘剂包括乙丙共聚物、聚异丁烯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氨脂、聚醋酸乙烯。
8.高性能钢丝绳润滑脂的制备工艺，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1）预制增摩剂：将0.02-0.1%石墨烯与分散剂混合，超声分散2-3h；后加入0.98-4.9%基础油在球磨机里以600rmp/min研磨2-3h，然后加热到200℃挥发掉分散剂得到浓度为2wt%的石墨烯油溶液，备用；
2） 预制合成蜡膏：将10-20%合成蜡与15-20%基础油按照质量比例为1：1-1.5，在120-140℃下混合搅拌1-2h，冷却，备用；
3）预制油相：将6.99-11.01%基础油和20-30%增粘剂置于容器中一起升温至80-90℃，搅拌30min，备用；
4）将0.35-1.06%十八胺和1.58-4.73%的基础油加入反应釜在80-100℃下搅拌溶解；将MDI和2.25-6.75%的基础油在容器中40-60℃下溶解，然后缓慢加入反应釜中；
5） 加入1-2ml水，恒温10min,升温至130-150℃加入0.56-1.69%基础油搅拌60-90min,；
6） 降温至120-130℃，加入15-30%蜡膏、合成蜡膏以及油相，搅拌30min；
7）降温至70-80℃加入增摩剂，搅拌30min,冷却，装样。
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