CN110198059B - 用于对能量储存器进行充电的方法 - Google Patents

用于对能量储存器进行充电的方法 Download PDF

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CN110198059B
CN110198059B CN201910138232.6A CN201910138232A CN110198059B CN 110198059 B CN110198059 B CN 110198059B CN 201910138232 A CN201910138232 A CN 201910138232A CN 110198059 B CN110198059 B CN 110198059B
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T·克里斯托夫
W-G·拉姆夫
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于对能量储存器进行充电的方法,其中该方法包括以下步骤:在第一配置中启动能量储存器的充电过程(S1);中断该充电过程(S4);将能量储存器的配置从该第一配置改变为第二配置(S5);在该第二配置中恢复该充电过程(S6);其中在该第一配置中该能量储存器被设计为用于以比在该第二配置中更高的电压进行充电。

Description

用于对能量储存器进行充电的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于对能量储存器进行充电的方法。
背景技术
可充电的能量储存器例如在机动车辆中用作电驱动器的能量源。例如,这些能量储存器可以为电化学储存器,其也可以被称为可再充电的电池或蓄电池。为了能够对所述能量储存器进行完全充电,需要部分地相对较高的大于700V、例如800V的电压。
然而,一些用于对这样的能量储存器充电的装置只能够提供如下的最大电压,该最大电压小于用于完全充电所需的电压(例如,小于700V)。因此,没有进一步的措施将无法进行完全充电。
DE 10 2009 017 087 A1、US 2012 161 698 A和US 2016 214 493 A公开了一种具有控制单元的装置,该控制单元使充电电流适配于不同的条件。EP 0 174 445 A2公开了一种用于监测施加至能量储存器的极的电压的方法。所述充电过程将在超过预定的极限值时中断。
发明内容
针对于此,本发明的基本目的在于,提供一种方法,借助该方法能够由如下装置对能量储存器进行快速充电,该装置无法提供能量储存器在工作状态下完全充电所需的电压。另外,本发明应提供一种适用于执行这种方法的装置以及一种具有这种装置的机动车辆。
该目的是通过根据下述1所述的方法、根据下述9所述的装置、以及根据下述10所述的机动车辆来实现的。在下述2-8中给出了本发明的多个实施方式:
1.一种用于对能量储存器进行充电的方法,其中该方法包括以下步骤:
-在第一配置中启动能量储存器的充电过程(S1);
-中断该充电过程(S4);
-将能量储存器的配置从该第一配置改变为第二配置(S5);
-在该第二配置中恢复该充电过程(S6);
其特征在于,在该第一配置中该能量储存器被设计为用于以比在该第二配置中更高的电压进行充电。
2.根据上述1所述的方法,其特征在于,当施加在该能量储存器的两个电极之间的电压达到或超过第一电压阈值时,该充电过程发生中断。
3.根据上述1-2之一所述的方法,其特征在于,用来自能量源的电能来对该能量储存器进行充电,其中在该充电过程中断之前,接通耗电器(S3),该耗电器在该充电过程中断期间由能量源供应电能。
4.根据上述2或3之一所述的方法,其特征在于,用电流来进行该充电过程,其中当该第一电压阈值与该电压之间的差值小于该第一电压阈值与第二电压阈值之间的差值时,减小电流的电流强度(S2)。
5.根据上述4所述的方法,其特征在于,在恢复充电过程之后增大该电流强度(S8)。
6.根据上述4-5之一所述的方法,其特征在于,将该电流强度降低到适配于该耗电器的值。
7.根据前述1-6之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在该第二配置中该能量储存器具有两个相互电并联连接的能量储存器模块。
8.根据上述3至7之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在恢复充电过程之后断开该耗电器(S7)。
9.一种用于对能量储存器进行充电的装置(100),该装置包括控制单元(101),其中该装置(100)被设计为用于实施根据上述1至8之一所述的方法,并且其中该控制单元(101)被设计为用于检测在由该装置(100)进行的充电过程中最大能够达到的电压,并且用于在最大能够达到的电压小于该能量储存器的最大电压时,执行该方法。
10.一种机动车辆,包括根据上述9所述的装置(100)。
根据该方法,首先启动能量储存器的充电过程,其中能量储存器处于第一配置中。随后中断该充电过程。在中断期间,将能量储存器的配置从第一配置改变为第二配置。之后恢复该充电过程,其中能量储存器处于第二配置中。
在第一配置中能量储存器被设计为用于以比在第二配置中更高的电压进行充电。这尤其可以意味着,在第一配置中对能量储存器完全充电所需的电压高于在第二配置中对能量储存器完全充电所需的电压。所述第一配置为优选将能量储存器用作能量源的配置,并且也可以被称为能量储存器的工作状态。
该方法是有利的,因为在第二配置中能量储存器可以由如下装置完全充电,利用该装置在第一配置中能量储存器不能被完全充电。
另一个优点是可以相对快速地完成充电过程。在大多数情况下,用于充电过程的装置只能够提供有限的最大电流。该最大电流不依赖于充电过程中所使用的电压。在第一配置中,充电过程直到中断可以以尽可能高的电压来进行,从而使得达到相对较高的功率。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,当施加在该能量储存器的两个电极之间的电压达到或超过第一电压阈值时,该充电过程可以发生中断。例如,可以根据为了充电由该装置最大可达到的电压来选择第一电压阈值。以这种方式,可以在能量储存器的第一配置中尽可能长地执行充电过程,这产生了高功率,由此充电过程需要很少的时间。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,对能量储存器的充电可以用来自能量源的电能来进行。该能量源可以例如为发电装置(例如发电站或发电机)。在中断充电过程之前,接通耗电器。当涉及机动车辆中的能量储存器时,耗电器例如可以为机动车辆的加热装置。在充电过程中断期间,由能量源给耗电器供应电能。
所述实施方式对于在已知装置中使用该方法是特别有利的。这些装置通常不允许中断充电过程。然而,在充电过程中断期间由能量源给耗电器供应电能时,对于该装置而言形成就好像没有发生充电中断的状态。该装置继续输出电功率,就好像充电过程继续一样。另一个优点是,不需要用户的交互动作来中断充电过程。
在不中断充电过程的情况下将能量储存器的配置从第一配置改变为第二配置,这通常被用于充电的装置检测为减少负荷。这在大多数情况下导致充电过程中断。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,可以用电流来进行该充电过程。当第一电压阈值与用于充电过程的电压之间的差值小于第一电压阈值与第二电压阈值之间的差值时,所述电流的电流强度减小。在此,所述减小可以连续地或逐级地进行。
例如,可以将电流强度降低到在中断期间所接通的耗电器所减小的值。在这种情况下,对于用于充电的装置而言在充电过程中断期间不发生任何改变。所提供的功率是被耗电器、而不是被能量储存器减少。优选地减小到1与10安培之间的值。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,恢复充电过程之后可以提高电流强度。该提高可以逐级式地或连续地进行。更高的电流强度有助于更快的充电。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,可以将电流强度降低到适配于耗电器的值。例如当耗电器被设计为用于接收特定的电功率时,可以将电流强度降低到如下值,该值乘以施加在耗电器上的电压获得该功率。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,在该第二配置中该能量储存器可以具有两个相互电并联连接的能量储存器模块。这尤其被理解为:两个能量储存器模块相互并联并且同时进行充电。由于并联连接,与第一配置相比为此所需的最大电压减半。因此,例如如果在第一配置中可能需要的最大电压为800V,则在第二配置中最大电压仅为400V。
在第一配置中能量储存器模块例如可以串联连接。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,恢复充电过程之后断开耗电器。这节省了能量,因为耗电器在中断期间不再需要消耗电流。
上述装置包括控制单元。该装置被设计为用于实施根据本发明的一种实施方式的方法。优选地,所述控制单元被设计为用于实施该方法。该控制单元被设计为用于检测在由该装置进行的充电过程中最大能够达到的电压,并且用于在最大可达到的电压小于能量储存器的最大电压时,实施所述方法。在此,所述能量储存器的最大电压是用于对能量储存器进行完全充电所需的电压。所述能量储存器的最大电压可以由控制单元测量出或被储存在储存器件中,以使其可以由控制单元读出。
附图说明
参照附图借助于以下对优选实施例的描述,本发明的其他特征和优点将变得明显。
图1示出根据本发明的一种实施方式的方法的示意性流程图;以及
图2示出根据本发明的一种实施方式的装置的示意性方框图。
具体实施方式
在所述方法的第一步骤S1中,在第一配置中启动能量储存器的充电过程。在步骤S2中检测:能量储存器的电极处的电压接近用于充电过程的装置最大可达到的电压值。接着,减小由所述装置输出的电流强度。
在步骤S3中,接通耗电器,该耗电器减小由所述装置输出的电流。然后在步骤S4中,通过例如将能量储存器与装置进行电流分离来中断充电过程。这可以例如由一个或多个接触器来实现。在这种状态下,所述装置仅对耗电器供电。
因此,与对能量储存器的充电相比,对于该装置而言没有差别。因此,该方法还可以用于实际上不允许中断充电过程的装置。同样不需要用户的交互动作。
在步骤S5中,将能量储存器的配置从第一配置改变为第二配置。在第二配置中,两个能量储存器模块相互并联连接,而这两个能量储存器模块在第一配置中串联连接。这使得将用于对能量储存器完全充电所需的电压减半。因此,也可以由在第一配置中可能未达到完全充电所需的电压的装置来实现该电压。
然后在步骤S6中,恢复充电过程。随后在步骤S7中断开耗电器,因为不再需要它。然后在步骤S8中,可以再次增大电流强度,以实现快速充电。
通过在步骤S1中在第一配置中对能量储存器进行充电,实现与可能仅在第二配置中进行充电时相比更快速的充电。
图2中的装置100包括控制单元101。装置100被设计为用于实施参照图1描述的方法。控制单元101被设计为用于检测在由装置100进行的充电过程中最大能够达到的电压,并且用于在最大能够达到的电压小于在第一配置中用于对能量储存器完全充电所需的电压时,执行所述方法。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于对能量储存器进行充电的方法,其中该方法包括以下步骤:
-在第一配置中启动能量储存器的充电过程(S1),其中用来自能量源的电能来对该能量储存器进行充电,并且用电流来进行该能量储存器的充电过程;
-当第一电压阈值与该能量储存器的两个电极之间的电压之间的差值小于该第一电压阈值与第二电压阈值之间的差值时,减小电流的电流强度(S2);
-接通耗电器(S3),该耗电器减小由所述能量源输出的电流;
-中断该能量储存器的充电过程(S4),其中该耗电器在该充电过程中断期间由该能量源供应电能;
-将能量储存器的配置从该第一配置改变为第二配置(S5);
-在该第二配置中恢复该能量储存器的充电过程(S6);
其特征在于,在该第一配置中该能量储存器被设计为用于以比在该第二配置中更高的电压进行充电,其中在该充电过程中断之前,接通耗电器(S3)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,当施加在该能量储存器的两个电极之间的电压达到或超过第一电压阈值时,该能量储存器的充电过程发生中断。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在恢复该能量储存器的充电过程之后增大该电流强度(S8)。
4.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的方法,其特征在于,将该电流强度降低到适配于该耗电器的值。
5.根据权利要求1-3之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在该第二配置中该能量储存器具有两个相互电并联连接的能量储存器模块。
6.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的方法,其特征在于,在恢复该能量储存器的充电过程之后断开该耗电器(S7)。
7.一种用于对能量储存器进行充电的装置(100),该装置包括控制单元(101),其中该装置(100)被设计为用于实施根据权利要求1至6之一所述的方法,并且其中该控制单元(101)被设计为用于检测在由该装置(100)进行的充电过程中最大能够达到的电压,并且用于在最大能够达到的电压小于该能量储存器的最大电压时,执行该方法。
8.一种机动车辆,包括根据权利要求7所述的装置(100)。
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