CN110183474B - 一种新型荧光探针及其制备方法和在检测尿液中“瘦肉精”克仑特罗的应用 - Google Patents
一种新型荧光探针及其制备方法和在检测尿液中“瘦肉精”克仑特罗的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于分析化学领域,具体公开了一种新型荧光探针及其制备方法和在检测尿液中“瘦肉精”克仑特罗的应用。制备方法如下:取二乙三胺五乙酸,乙酸酐,吡啶在65℃下搅拌回流24h。冷却,减压抽滤,洗涤,干燥。将得到的二乙三胺五乙酸二酐(dtpaa)与三乙胺,二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),3,5‑二氯苯胺(DCA),于100℃搅拌回流24h。冷却,旋蒸,洗涤,干燥。得到的dtpa‑bis(3,5‑dichloroaniline)与Eu(NO3)3·6H2O于60℃加热搅拌2h,得到目标产物。本发明采用上述的荧光探针,利用荧光光谱法检测“瘦肉精”克仑特罗。本发明方法简单新颖,成本低,效率高,且可应用在实际尿样当中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于分析化学领域,涉及一种新型荧光探针及其制备方法再检测尿液中“瘦肉精”克仑特罗的应用。
背景技术
克仑特罗(Clenbuterol)是一种β-肾上腺素激动剂,用于支气管等慢性病的治疗。在牧业生产中,通过阻止脂肪的合成提高饲料的转化率,改进肌肉质量,减少脂肪组织沉积,增强瘦肉的比例。因此,克仑特罗也被叫做“瘦肉精”,常被非法用作饲料添加剂。然而,因为克仑特罗的半衰期较长,一旦动物喂食了克仑特罗,就会在动物体内残留很长时间,最终通过代谢出现在尿液中。当人体摄入含有瘦肉精的动物食品后,瘦肉精会遍布全身,出现头疼、心悸、恶心、发烧等中毒症状,导致严重的健康问题,例如心血管和中枢神经疾病。健康人摄入瘦肉精超过20μg就有药效,5倍-10倍的摄入量则会导致中毒。因此,很多国家包括中国,美国和大部分欧洲国家禁止将克仑特罗用作饲料添加剂。
生物样品中克仑特罗的检测方法有很多,包括酶联免疫吸附测定法,高效液相色谱法,液质联用法,气质联用法,免疫层析法,电化学免疫传感器法,电化学生物探针法和荧光生物传感器法。尽管这些对克仑特罗的检测方法效果令人满意,但也有很多缺点,比如仪器设备昂贵,操作时间较长,样品准备较复杂,灵敏度和选择性较差等,所以急需寻找一种快速的,简单的,灵敏的检测方法用于实际样品中克仑特罗的检测。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是设计合成一种可用于有效检测尿液中“瘦肉精”克仑特罗的新型荧光探针EuIII-dtpa-bis(DCA)。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种操作简单,成本低,敏感快速,且选择性好的检测“瘦肉精”克仑特罗的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种新型荧光探针,所述的荧光探针是稀土氨基多羧酸配合物荧光探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)。
上述的新型荧光探针的制备方法,方法如下:
1)将二乙三胺五乙酸、乙酸酐和吡啶混合均匀,在65-75℃下搅拌回流24-30h,冷却至室温,减压抽滤,依次用乙酸酐和无水乙醚洗涤,在60-70℃下干燥,得二乙三胺五乙酸二酐(dtpaa);
2)将二乙三胺五乙酸二酐、三乙胺、无水DMF和3,5-二氯苯胺(DCA)混合均匀,在100-110℃下搅拌回流24-30h,冷却至室温,旋转蒸发,依次用丙酮和无水乙醚洗涤,减压抽滤,于50-60℃干燥,得到配体(dtpa-bis(DCA));
3)将dtpa-bis(DCA)和Eu(NO3)3·6H2O分别加去离子水溶解,然后混合,于60-70℃搅拌加热2-4h,冷却,得到EuШ-dtpa-bis(dtpa-bis(DCA))。
优选地,上述的新型荧光探针的制备方法,步骤1)中,按摩尔比,二乙三胺五乙酸(dtpa):乙酸酐:吡啶=1:2-6:4-10。
优选地,上述的新型荧光探针的制备方法,步骤1)中,按摩尔比,二乙三胺五乙酸(dtpa):乙酸酐:吡啶=1:4:6。
优选地,上述的新型荧光探针的制备方法,步骤2)中,按摩尔比,二乙三胺五乙酸二酐(dtpaa):三乙胺:3,5-二氯苯胺=1:2-6:1-5。
优选地,上述的新型荧光探针的制备方法,步骤2)中,按摩尔比,二乙三胺五乙酸二酐(dtpaa):三乙胺:3,5-二氯苯胺=1:3:2。
优选地,上述的新型荧光探针的制备方法,步骤3)中,按摩尔比,dtpa-bis(DCA):Eu(NO3)3·6H2O=1:1-5。
述的新型荧光探针的制备方法,步骤3)中,按摩尔比,dtpa-bis(DCA):Eu(NO3)3·6H2O=1:2。
上述的新型荧光探针在检测尿样中“瘦肉精”克仑特罗的应用。
优选地,上述的应用,方法如下:取尿液,加入上述的新型荧光探针,混合均匀,以EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)溶液为实验参比,于280nm下进行荧光检测。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明针对被检测物“瘦肉精”克仑特罗的结构特点,利用DNA/RNA单链碱基排序规则对dtpa进行修饰,设计合成了一种新型的荧光探针。
2.通过本发明的方法,该探针可以对克仑特罗进行灵敏地特异性检测。与其它检测克仑特罗的方法相比,具有简单,快速,成本低,选择性好,灵敏度高等优点。
附图说明
图1是荧光探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)的合成路线图。
图2a是dtpa的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)图。
图2b是3,5-二氯苯胺(DCA)的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)图。
图2c是dtpa-bis(DCA)的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)图。
图3是dtpa-bis(DCA),EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)和EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)-Clb的紫外吸收光谱图。
图4a是荧光探针对克仑特罗(Clb)检测的荧光光谱图。
图4b是荧光探针对克仑特罗(Clb)检测的荧光光谱对比柱状图。
图5a是荧光探针对克仑特罗(Clb)及共存物检测的干扰荧光光谱图。
图5b是荧光探针对克仑特罗(Clb)及共存物检测的干扰荧光光谱对比柱状图。
图6a是荧光探针对不同浓度克仑特罗(Clb)检测的荧光光谱图。
图6b是克仑特罗浓度与荧光强度的线性关系图。
图7是荧光探针对尿样(Ur)中克仑特罗(Clb)检测的荧光光谱柱状图。
具体实施方式
实施例1新型荧光探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)
(一)制备方法
1、二乙三胺五乙酸二酐(dtpaa)的合成
称取7.8670g(0.02mol)二乙三胺五乙酸(dtpa),乙酸酐16.0mL(0.08mol),吡啶10.0mL(0.12mol)置于三颈圆底烧瓶中,在65℃下缓慢搅拌加热,冷凝回流24h。停止加热和搅拌,冷却至室温后将产物减压抽滤,依次用乙酸酐和无水乙醚分别洗涤三次(3×10mL),并减压抽滤,将产物于干燥箱中60℃干燥,即得二乙三胺五乙酸二酐(dtpaa)。
2、dtpa-bis(DCA)的合成
取二乙三胺五乙酸二酐(dtpaa)1.9635g(5.5mmol),2.334mL的三乙胺(16.5mmol),无水DMF(50mL),3,5-二氯苯胺1.78g(11mmol),于三颈圆底烧瓶中。恒温100℃条件下,快速搅拌,冷凝回流24h。反应完全后静置,冷却到室温后,旋转蒸发除去溶剂,得乳白色固体物质,减压抽滤,依次用丙酮和无水乙醚分别洗涤三次(3×10mL)。于50℃条件下干燥,即得dtpa-bis(DCA)。
3、荧光探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)的合成
将0.1533g dtpa-bis(DCA)(0.25mmol)和0.1115g Eu(NO3)3·6H2O(0.25mmol)分别加入到圆底烧瓶中,加入100mL的Tris-HCl([Tris-HCl]=0.05mol/L,pH=7.40)缓冲溶液,于100℃搅拌加热回流1.0h,溶液冷却至室温,转移至500ml容量瓶中,用去离子水洗涤圆底烧瓶三次,将上述洗涤液全部转移至容量瓶中,用Tris-HCl([Tris-HCl]=0.05mol/L,pH=7.40)缓冲溶液定容,得到浓度为5.00×10-4mol/L的EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)溶液。合成过程如图1所示。
(二)检测
(1).Dtpa、3,5-二氯苯胺(DCA)、dtpa-bis(DCA)(dtpa-DCA)的FT-IR图,如图2a,2b,2c所示,与dtpa和3,5-二氯苯胺(DCA)相比,配体dtpa-bis(DCA)的特征吸收峰都发生了明显的变化。对比图2a和图2b发现,图2c中配体dtpa-bis(DCA)的vs(C-O)和vs(C=O)分别出现在1242cm-1和1705cm-1,vas(CONH)和vas(N-H)分别出现在1734cm-1和3109cm-1。在图2a中,dtpa酰胺键的vas(C=O)出现在1637cm-1。在图2b中,3,5-二氯苯胺(DCA)中vas(NH2)出现在3430cm-1,这两种特征峰的变化说明酰胺键的形成,即dtpa-bis(DCA)由dtpa和3,5-二氯苯胺(DCA)通过酰化反应被成功合成。
(2).Dtpa-bis(DCA)(dtpa-DCA),EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)(EuШ-dtpa-DCA)和EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)-瘦肉精(EuШ-dtpa-BA-Clb)的紫外吸收光谱图如图3所示。从图3可以看出,配体dtpa-bis(DCA)和配合物EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)没有明显的吸收峰。然而,当克仑特罗(Clb)加入到配合物EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)溶液中时,检测体系EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)-Clb在242nm及295nm处出现明显的紫外吸收峰,可以预测当克仑特罗(Clb)加入到配合物EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)溶液中后,荧光强度会明显减弱,这也为荧光方法检测克仑特罗(Clb)做了铺垫。
实施例2荧光探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)在检测克仑特罗中的应用(一)荧光探针对克仑特罗检测的荧光光谱
实验条件:取一定量的克仑特罗用Tris-HCl([Tris-HCl]=0.05mol/L,pH=7.40)缓冲溶液配置成浓度为5.0×10-4mol/L的溶液,作为克仑特罗储备液。
取3支样品管,将1mL浓度为5.0×10-4mol/L的克仑特罗和1mL浓度为5.0×10- 4mol/L的探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)溶液加入到第一支样品管中,再取1mL浓度为5.0×10- 4mol/L的克仑特罗溶液加入另一支样品管中,用Tris-HCl缓冲溶液定容至5mL。最终检测浓度为1.0×10-4mol/L,以EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)溶液为参比,在280nm波长光的激发下,观察探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)的荧光光谱的变化。
结果如图4a,4b所示。在280nm波长光的激发下,荧光探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)在561nm处发射出强荧光,而克仑特罗在561nm处几乎不发出荧光。当把克仑特罗加入到探针溶液中后,探针的荧光被明显猝灭。
(二)共存物质存在对荧光探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)检测克仑特罗的影响
实验条件:取5支样品管,分别加入1mL浓度为5.0×10-4mol/L的脲(U),葡萄糖(G),马尿酸(Ha),苯丙氨酸(Pha)和尿酸(Ua)溶液,再分别加1mL浓度为5.0×10-4mol/L的荧光探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)和克仑特罗溶液,定容至5mL。最终检测浓度为1.0×10-4mol/L,以EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)溶液为参比,在280nm波长光的激发下,观察探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)检测克仑特罗的荧光光谱变化。
结果如图5a、图5b所示。从图5a中可以看出,探针溶液在561nm处发出强荧光,当克仑特罗加入到探针溶液中后,探针的荧光被猝灭。当脲(U),葡萄糖(G),马尿酸(Ha),苯丙氨酸(Pha)和尿酸(Ua)等共存物质分别加入到探针和克仑特罗的混合溶液中后,混合溶液的荧光几乎不发生改变。这说明,尿液中其他与克仑特罗共存的物质不会干扰探针对克仑特罗的检测。图5b为共存物对EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)-Clb溶液荧光强度影响的柱状图。
(三)不同浓度克仑特罗对EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)荧光强度的影响
实验条件:取10支样品管,分别加入1mL浓度为5.0×10-4mol/L的荧光探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA),再加入不同量的克仑特罗溶液,定容至5mL。以EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)溶液为参比,在280nm波长光的激发下,测得探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)检测不同浓度克仑特罗的荧光光谱变化。
结果如图6a所示,在280nm波长光的激发下,荧光探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)在561nm处发射出强荧光,当有克仑特罗加入时,随着克仑特罗浓度不断增加,探针的荧光强度逐渐减弱。如图6b所示,在浓度范围0-300μmol/L,荧光强度比F0/F(F0为配合物EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)的荧光强度,F为克仑特罗(Clb)存在下配合物的荧光强度)与克仑特罗(Clb)浓度(C[CLB])呈现良好的线性关系,线性方程为y=0.0558x+1.0157(R2=0.9984),可以用来测定克仑特罗的浓度。
(四)荧光探针EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)检测实际尿样中的克仑特罗
本实验采用标准加入法制备含有瘦肉精的实际尿样。
实验条件:取3支样品管,加入1mL婴儿尿液和1mL荧光探针溶液,再分别加入体积为0.1、0.5、1.0mL浓度为5.00×10-4mol/L的克仑特罗标准溶液,用Tris-HCl([Tris-HCl]=50mmol/L,pH=7.40)缓冲溶液定容于5mL样品管中,制成含有不同量克仑特罗的实际样品;以含有1mL尿液的探针溶液作为实验参比。在280nm波长光的激发下,观察荧光光谱的变化。
结果如图7所示。在280nm波长光的激发下,以EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)溶液做参比,加入克仑特罗后的尿液,荧光强度明显降低。克仑特罗本身没有荧光,加入克仑特罗的尿液在561nm处也没有明显的荧光。然而,当探针溶液被添加到尿液中时,在561nm附近发出明显荧光。继续向溶液中加入克仑特罗,探针的荧光强度明显被猝灭。此外,随着克仑特罗浓度的增加,探针在561nm处的荧光强度逐渐降低。因此,可以推测,此荧光探针可以检测实际尿样中的克仑特罗。通过标准加入法,制备含有不同量克仑特罗的实际尿样,利用配合物EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)作为荧光探针,检测其中的克仑特罗,实际尿样中克仑特罗的检测结果见表1,回收率在90.8%-96.2%之间,相对标准偏差在0.49%-1.51%之间,检测结果令人满意。
表1实际尿样中克仑特罗检测结果
a Average of three determinations(mean±SD;n=3).
b N.D:not detected.
Claims (10)
2.权利要求1所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,方法如下:
1)将二乙三胺五乙酸、乙酸酐和吡啶混合均匀,在65-75℃下搅拌回流24-30h,冷却至室温,减压抽滤,依次用乙酸酐和无水乙醚洗涤,在60-70℃下干燥,得二乙三胺五乙酸二酐(dtpaa),结构式如式(Ⅱ)所示:
2)将二乙三胺五乙酸二酐、三乙胺、无水DMF和3,5-二氯苯胺(DCA)混合均匀,在100-110℃下搅拌回流24-30h,冷却至室温,旋转蒸发,依次用丙酮和无水乙醚洗涤,减压抽滤,于50-60℃干燥,得到配体(dtpa-bis(DCA)),结构式如式(Ⅲ)所示:
3)将dtpa-bis(DCA)和Eu(NO3)3·6H2O分别加去离子水溶解,然后混合,于60-70℃搅拌加热2-4h,冷却,得到EuШ-dtpa-bis(dtpa-bis(DCA))。
3.如权利要求2所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,按摩尔比,二乙三胺五乙酸(dtpa):乙酸酐:吡啶=1:2-6:4-10。
4.如权利要求3所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,按摩尔比,二乙三胺五乙酸(dtpa):乙酸酐:吡啶=1:4:6。
5.如权利要求2所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,按摩尔比,二乙三胺五乙酸二酐(dtpaa):三乙胺:3,5-二氯苯胺=1:2-6:1-5。
6.如权利要求5所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,按摩尔比,二乙三胺五乙酸二酐(dtpaa):三乙胺:3,5-二氯苯胺=1:3:2。
7.如权利要求2所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,按摩尔比,dtpa-bis(DCA):Eu(NO3)3·6H2O=1:1-5。
8.如权利要求7所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,按摩尔比,dtpa-bis(DCA):Eu(NO3)3·6H2O=1:2。
9.权利要求1所述的荧光探针在制备检测尿样中“瘦肉精”克仑特罗试剂中的应用。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,方法如下:取尿液,加入权利要求1所述的荧光探针,混合均匀,以EuШ-dtpa-bis(DCA)溶液为实验参比,于280nm下进行荧光检测。
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