CN110168243A - 用于车辆的混合动力模块以及具有混合动力模块的驱动系 - Google Patents
用于车辆的混合动力模块以及具有混合动力模块的驱动系 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110168243A CN110168243A CN201780082760.3A CN201780082760A CN110168243A CN 110168243 A CN110168243 A CN 110168243A CN 201780082760 A CN201780082760 A CN 201780082760A CN 110168243 A CN110168243 A CN 110168243A
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- F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的驱动系的混合动力模块(1),混合动力模块具有包括定子(2)和转子(3)的电机(4);包括至少一个转动部件(6)的扭转振动减振器(7);以及集成的且构造成双离合器的离合器装置(8),其中,容纳转子(3)的转子支架(10)直接地经由永久的转动连接部(11)与至少一个转动部件(6)连接,并且其中,转子支架(10)形成离合器装置(8)的至少一个分离合器(13)的离合器构件(12)。此外,本发明涉及具有该混合动力模块(1)的用于机动车的驱动系(20)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车,如轿车、载重汽车、公共汽车或其他商用车的驱动系的混合动力模块,混合动力模块具有包括定子和转子的电机、包括至少一个转动部件/摆动部件的扭转振动减振器以及集成的且构造成双离合器的离合器装置。因此,混合动力模块具有集成的双离合器。此外,本发明涉及具有该混合动力模块以及热力发动机,例如柴油机或汽油机的驱动系单元。
背景技术
WO 2010/127663A1公开了没有分离离合器的同轴布置的混合动力模块。在该混合动力模块中,电机的转子联接在包括双质量飞轮和离心摆的扭转振动减振器的的初级质量件上。双离合器布置在电机的径向内侧并且还至少部分地布置在电机的轴向内侧。
此外,WO 2014/026685A1公开了一种用于机动车的驱动系的混合动力模块,该混合动力模块具有分离离合器。
但是发现在现有技术已知的实施方式中的缺点是,混合动力模块的安装和构造通常相对复杂。这种缺点通过使用双离合器而越发显著。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是,消除现有技术中已知的缺点并且尤其提供一种混合动力模块,该混合动力模块一方面在构造上占据尽可能小的结构空间,另一方面尽可能简单地构造。
根据本发明,这通过权利要求1的特征实现,其中包括以下特征,即,容纳转子的转子支架直接地经由永久的/持久的转动连接部与至少一个转动部件连接,其中,转子支架形成离合器装置的至少一个分离合器的离合器构件。
由此实现了具有集成的双离合器的混合动力模块,双离合器一方面特别紧凑,另一方面通过使用尽可能少的单个离合器保持简单构造。因此换句话说,根据本发明的混合动力模块具有集成的双离合器。混合动力模块(在运行时在驱动系中)布置在热力发动机和双离合变速器之间。电机的转子优选与扭转振动减振器的次级质量件联接/连接并且承受热力发动机的扭矩。
其他的有利实施方式在从属权利要求中受到保护并且在下面详细阐述。
此外有利的是,扭转振动减振器具有构造成初级质量件的第一转动部件以及构造成次级质量件的第二转动部件,其中,两个转动部件相对彼此可在特定的调节范围中扭转,并且在第二转动部件以及转子支架之间形成/设有(永久的)转动连接部。这意味着,转子支架借助(永久的)转动连接部与第二转动部件/次级质量件持久地(在混合动力模块运行中不可拆解地)连接。
对此还适宜的是,第一转动部件(直接地)用于不可相对转动地安装/连接到热力发动机的输出轴(曲轴)上,使得经由第一转动部件以及第二转动部件可通过转子支架承受来自热力发动机的扭矩。
还有利的是,扭转振动减振器由弧形弹簧减振器和转速适配的吸振器(吸振器优选是离心摆)的组合构成。由此实现了扭转振动减振器的特别灵巧的设计。
如果电机被流体冷却,即借助冷却装置、优选液体冷却装置、例如水冷装置冷却电机,尽管结构空间狭窄但是实现了电机的进一步功效提升。尤其优选的是,冷却装置构造成用冷却流体直接绕定子流动。
在转动连接部构造成花键连接部时,进一步提升了混合动力模块的易于安装性。
此外有利的是,双离合器被流体冷却、优选被液体冷却/以液压方式被冷却、更为优选被油冷却,其中,存在流体分配单元,其用于(优选相对于变速器输入轴)支承转子支架。
在上下文中还适宜的是,双离合器的每个分离合器的操纵活塞设置在流体分配单元中/上/集成在流体分配单元中。此外优选的是,在混合动力模块的相对于壳体固定的构件或壳体中集成流体回路(液压介质/油回路)。由此实现了更加紧凑的构造方式。
如果双离合器设有可单独控制的流体冷却部,则进一步提高了优选装有混合动力模块的驱动系的效率。
此外有利的是,设置(在运行时)检测转子的转动位置的转子位置传感器和/或(在运行时)检测在混合动力模块中的温度的温度传感器。
此外,本发明涉及用于机动车的驱动系,驱动系具有根据本发明的依照前述实施方式中的至少一种所述的混合动力模块以及热力发动机,其中,热力发动机的输出轴(优选永久地)不可相对转动地与扭转振动减振器连接。
对此又适宜的是,热力发动机的输出轴(优选永久地)不可相对转动地与扭转振动减振器的第一转动部件连接。转子支架可借助双离合器与双离合变速器的两个变速器输入轴中的其中一个优选连接。
换句话说,由此根据本发明实现了具有集成的双离合器的混合动力模块。混合动力模块在驱动系中优选布置在热力发动机和双离合变速器之间。实现为弧形弹簧减振器以及转速适配的吸振器的组合的扭转振动减振器与曲轴连接。电机的转子与扭转振动减振器的次级质量件连接并且由此在运行时承受来自热力发动机的扭矩。优选地,混合动力模块是P1混合动力模块(转子以及离合器装置的分离合器的旋转轴线彼此同轴线),P1混合动力模块没有(在热力发动机和电机之间的、)使热力发动机与驱动系分开的分离离合器,(即,在运行时热力发动机永久地与电机联接)。
附图说明
下面根据不同附图并结合优选实施例详细描述本发明。
附图为:
图1是根据本发明的依照优选实施例的混合动力模块的纵向剖视图,其中,混合动力模块已与双离合变速器的变速器输入轴有效连接,
图2是根据图1的纵向剖视图的在混合动力模块的构造成双离合器的离合器装置的两个分离合器以及电机的转子的转子支架的区域中的详细视图,
图3是图1的混合动力模块的纵向剖视图,其中,示出了对双离合器的第一分离合器的操纵,
图4是类似于图1的混合动力模块的纵向剖视图,其中,此时示出了对双离合器的第二分离合器的操纵,
图5是类似于图1的混合动力模块的纵向剖视图,其中,示出了用于冷却第一分离合器的冷却流体流,
图6是类似于图1的混合动力模块的纵向剖视图,其中,示出了用于冷却第二分离合器的冷却流体流,和
图7是类似于图1的混合动力模块的纵向剖视图,其中,示出了使冷却流体从混合动力模块的内部导出并使其流经电机的定子。
附图仅为示意性描绘并且仅用于理解本发明。相同的元件设有相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
在图1中整体地示出了根据本发明的混合动力模块1的优选实施方式。混合动力模块1通常是离合器组件和电机4(电动机)的组合。在图1中,混合动力模块1已经安装在机动车的部分示出的驱动系20中。混合动力模块1与此处也未示出的双离合变速器形式的变速器连接。尤其混合动力模块1已经与变速器的两个变速器输入轴17和18联接。此外,混合动力模块1在运行时与热力发动机/内燃机联接,此处为了清楚起见未示出热力发动机/内燃机。混合动力模块1实施为P1混合动力模块。在这种P1混合动力模块1中,电机4的转子3以其旋转轴线与混合动力模块1的/混合动力模块1的离合器装置8的中央旋转轴线19同轴线布置。在混合动力模块1中的此处构造成双离合器的离合器装置8沿径向布置在转子3的内部。在该实施方式中,电机4连接48V车载电网。
混合动力模块1除了离合器装置8外,还具有扭转振动减振器7。扭转振动减振器7又具有两个转动部件5和6,两个转动部件分别形成飞轮质量件。尤其第一转动部件5构造成初级(飞轮)质量件并且在运行时不可相对转动地安装在热力发动机的输出轴/曲轴上。第二转动部件6实施成次级(飞轮)质量件。虽然第二转动部件6不可相对转动地与第一转动部件5连接,但是可相对于第一转动部件5沿周向以一定的转动范围/调节范围移动/转动。第一转动部件5相对于第二转动部件6以减缓振动的方式设置。减振器7尤其形成双质量飞轮的类型。此外,扭转振动减振器7形成弧形弹簧减振器,其具有沿周向在第一转动部件5和第二转动部件6之间夹紧的多个弧形弹簧。在运行时弧形弹簧根据作用到两个转动部件5、6上的振动/转动波动在第一转动部件5相对于第二转动部件6的转动范围中弹簧弹性地被压缩。此外,扭转振动减振器7如此构造,使得其整体形成转速适配的吸振器。吸振器又如离心摆那样作用。
混合动力模块1的电机4除转子3以外还具有定子2,定子固定地安装/容纳在模块壳体21中。定子2整体构造成环形,其中,基本上同样环形构造的转子3沿径向布置定子2的内部。转子3在此借助转子支架10可转动地受到支承或被容纳。转子支架10构造成基本为盆形的支承元件并且在径向外侧布置的套筒区域22上容纳形成转子3的转子线圈9。转子线圈9例如由叠片组形成。
转子支架10也用作离合器装置8的离合器构件。转子支架10尤其形成第一离合器构件12,其能可选地与双离合器8的第一分离合器13的另外的第二离合器构件23连接或与双离合器8的第二分离合器25的另外的第二离合器构件24连接。双离合器8实施成摩擦离合器。因此每个分离合器13和25都构造成摩擦离合器。尤其两个分离合器13和25分别构造成摩擦片离合器。此外,双离合器8/分离合器13和25均构造成用于湿式运行。但是原则上在其他的实施方式中双离合器8也可实施成用于干式运行。因此转子支架10不仅形成第一分离合器13的第一离合器构件12也形成第二分离合器25的第一离合器构件12。
各个分离合器13、25的第一离合器构件12构造在转子支架10的、在沿径向背离转子线圈9的一侧上的套筒区域22上。因此,第一离合器构件12构造在套筒区域22的径向内侧上。此外,每个离合器构件12装配有构造成摩擦片的多个摩擦元件36。配备给第一分离合器13的摩擦元件36布置在套筒区域22的第一轴向区段中且不可相对转动地容纳在转子支架10上,并且配备给第二分离合器25的摩擦元件36布置在套筒区域22的沿轴向与第一轴向区段间隔布置的第二轴向区段中且不可相对转动地容纳在转子支架10上。通常在相应分离合器13、25的第二离合器构件23或24上的摩擦元件36伸入到相应分离合器13、25的第一离合器构件12上的两个间隔开的摩擦元件36之间。两个第二离合器构件23和24又构造成盆形。第一分离合器13的第二离合器构件23与实施成实心轴的第一变速器输入轴17连接,并且第二分离合器25的第二离合器构件24与沿径向布置在第一变速器输入轴17之外的实施成空心轴的第二变速器输入轴18连接。
此外,根据本发明的转子支架10与第二转动部件6直接通过永久的转动连接部11连接。该永久的转动连接部11构造成花键连接部/细齿槽连接部。因此,在运行时相应分离合器13、25的转子支架10或第一离合器构件12持久地不可相对转动地与第二转动部件6联接并因此在运行时与热力发动机的输出轴(曲轴)转动联接。可使第一转动部件5与转子支架10脱离的单独的分离离合器不存在。因此,转子支架10形成与扭转振动减振器7的永久的转动连接。
转子支架10借助两个滚动轴承26可相对于模块壳体21转动地被支承。两个滚动轴承26共同地构造成双球轴承,即构造成两个径向推力球轴承。
为了检测在运行时转子支架10相对于模块壳体21的转动位置设有转子位置传感器16。转子位置传感器16安装在模块壳体21上并且与发送器27共同作用,使得转子位置传感器检测转子支架10在运行时的转动位置,发送器与转子支架10不可相对转动地连接。此外,在此为了清楚起见而没有详细示出的是,温度传感器布置在模块壳体21的内部中。
为了操纵相应的分离合器13和25,设有流体式(此处为液压式、可替代地为气动式)操纵系统。操纵系统28针对每个分离合器13、25具有第一活塞29a(第一操纵活塞)或第二活塞29b(第二操纵活塞)。第一活塞29a与呈压力杯形件形式的第一调节元件30a共同作用,第一调节元件又直接地可移动地作用到第一分离合器13的摩擦元件36上,并且因此使第一分离合器13在其接合位置和分离位置之间调整。呈压力杯形件形式的第二调节元件30b与第二活塞29b联接,并且又使第二分离合器25在其接合和分离位置之间调节。尤其第二调节元件30b与第二活塞29b一体式构造。两个压力杯形件/调节元件30a、30b沿径向彼此嵌套。
在图2中可看到操纵系统28的细节。在此也可清楚看出,操纵系统28与流体供给部31联接。流体供给部31设置在优选还相对于变速器壳体受到支撑/支承的中央构件15中。因此,构件15与转子支架10联接并且转子支架10经由该构件15受到支撑。尤其该构件15用作流体分配单元14。流体供给部31具有多个供给通道32a、32b、32c,供给通道被引入相对于壳体固定的构件15中并且可彼此独立地被加载压力。第一供给通道32a如在图3中可看出在其受到压力加载的状态下用于操纵并因此接合第一分离合器13。在此活塞29a上的相应压力腔被填充。第二供给通道32b如在图4中可看出在其受到压力加载的状态下用于操纵并因此接合第二分离合器25。在此活塞29b上的相应压力腔被填充。
构造在构件15上的齿轮38在运行时用于驱动流体泵或者说油泵并且与转子支架10连接。
在双离合器8的轴向上看,通过这种构造使得转子支架10也在两个相对的轴向侧上受到支承。为此,构件15经由另外的第二滚动轴承37相对于第二变速器输入轴18支承。
优选地,流体供给部31/流体分配单元14可单独控制。这说明,流体分配单元14尤其可以与热力发动机的发动机冷却部分开控制。
此外,在混合动力模块1中设有通过冷却装置35实现的流体冷却部。该流体冷却部用于使分离合器13、25(尤其摩擦元件36)在运行时被冷却流体流环流。根据图5,冷却装置35的第一冷却通道33a由在第一变速器输入轴17中沿轴向(沿着旋转轴线19)延伸的孔、连接在其中的沿径向延伸的第二孔以及在第二离合器构件23和转子支架10之间的间隙形成。由此将第一冷却流体流从第一变速器轴17上的径向内置区域沿径向向外导引至第一分离合器13的摩擦元件36。
根据图6,在流体分配单元14中共同实现了冷却装置35的第二冷却通道33b。因此,第二冷却通道33b是流体分配单元14的第三供给通道32c。为此在中央构件15中设有自身的通道,该通道由多个孔构成并且通入混合动力模块1的内部空间中。因此,第二冷却通道33b的第一区段直接构造在中央构件15中。第二冷却通道33b的第二区段连接在该第一区段上,第二区段由第二离合器构件24和第二活塞29b之间的间隙形成并且沿径向向外延伸。在运行时又通过第二冷却通道33b将第二冷却流体流输送给混合动力模块1,第二冷却流体流从中央构件15的径向内侧流至第二分离合器25的摩擦元件36。因为流体冷却部实施成液压式冷却部,在该实施例中双离合器8尤其以液压方式被冷却。但是也可实现具有气动式冷却部的实施方式。
此外,在图7中可看出,电机4尤其在定子2的区域中也实施成被流体冷却,即优选地以液压方式/被液体冷却。冷却流体流在径向上有针对性地流经定子2并且在定子2径向外侧通过由流体回流部形成的输出通道34从模块壳体21内部中导出。输出通道34部分地安装在模块壳体21中。可替代地或额外地,在另一实施方式中,电机4(尤其定子2)经由额外的冷却回路、优选水冷回路来冷却。
因此,换句话说,根据本发明的混合动力模块1的若干方案是:
-具有流体/油冷却的双离合器8的P1-混合动力模块1(没有分离离合器)
-水冷式电机4
-使用具有离心摆的弧形弹簧减振器7来隔绝振动
-转子支架10的两侧支承
-沿径向彼此嵌套的压力杯形件
-操纵活塞29a、29b被集成到流体或油分配单元14中,该流体或油分配单元14同时支承转子支架10
-可单独控制的离合器冷却部35
-油回路集成在壳体中
-集成的转子位置传感器和温度传感器16
-48伏的工作电压。
图1在主剖视图中示出了混合动力模块1的示意图。混合动力模块1定位在内燃机和双离合变速器之间。作为弧形弹簧减振器和转速适配的吸振器的组合的扭转减振器(扭转振动减振器7)旋拧在曲轴上并且经由花键连接部将发动机力矩传递到混合动力模块1的转子单元上。混合动力模块1具有壳体(模块壳体21),水冷式电机4的定子2借助螺栓安装在壳体中。电机4的转子3不可相对转动地固紧在转子单元上。在该转子单元内部集成由分离合器13和25构成的、流体或油冷却的双离合器8。转子单元在两侧经由滚动轴承26支承在壳体21中并且经由滚动轴承37支承在空心轴18上。转子位置传感器16和未示出的温度传感器可集成在壳体21中。壳体流体密封地或油密封地相对于环境被密封并且仅朝变速器打开。齿轮38可与转子单元连接以驱动流体泵或油泵。
图2示出了混合动力模块1的放大局部的示意图。输入轴39与转子支架10一件式地或多件式地(例如通过焊接)连接。流体或油分配单元14与法兰40一件式或多件式地连接并且与转子支架10和输入轴39一起形成转子单元。转子位置传感器16的发送器环27还不可相对转动地固定在转子单元上。双离合器8的外侧离合器片36不可相对转动地并且可沿轴向移动地支承在转子支架10中。内侧离合器片37不可相对转动地并且可沿轴向移动地与套筒件23、24连接,套筒件由花键连接部与双离合变速器的两个分变速器的实心轴17或空心轴18连接。彼此嵌套并且彼此密封的压力杯形件30a、30b将轴向力从活塞29a、29b传递到相应的离合器片组36上。流体或油分配单元14具有用于操纵离合器13的缸41,经由活塞环42密封的转动接头43和用于操控和冷却离合器13、25的分配器孔。支撑环43在至少一个方向上沿轴向牢固地且密封地固定在分配器孔上,支撑环承受离合器25的缸41的压力。
图3示出了对混合动力模块1的第一分离合器13的操纵的示意图。经由通道32a使压力油或流体进入流体或油分配单元14中,流体或油分配单元使压力油或流体经由孔导入缸41中。平衡缸44根据转速提供所需的压力补偿。在平衡缸中也集成有复位盘形弹簧,以使活塞29a回移以及打开离合器13。
图4示出了对混合动力模块1的第二分离合器25的操纵的示意图。经由通道32b使压力油或流体进入流体或油分配单元14中,流体或油分配单元使压力油或流体经由孔导入缸41中。平衡缸45根据转速提供所需的压力补偿。在平衡缸中也集成有复位盘形弹簧以使活塞29b回移以及打开离合器25。
图5示出了对混合动力模块1的第一分离合器13的冷却的示意图。经由转动接头使冷却油或流体46引入实心轴17中,并且经由在该实心轴和相应的止推垫片或启动盘中的横向开口引入离合器13中。
图6示出了对混合动力模块1的第二分离合器25的冷却的示意图。经由转动接头使冷却油或流体47引入流体或油分配单元14中,并且经由孔和相应的止推垫片或启动盘中的横向开口引入离合器25中。
图7示出了用于混合动力模块1的第一分离合器13和第二分离合器25的冷却油或流体的流出方式的示意图。冷却油或流体48汇集在电机4的一个区域中的油槽中。为了排出设有至少一个开口,开口将冷却油或流体导入变速器的油槽中。因此防止淹没到电机4。
虽然前面根据一种实施例描述了本发明,但是应理解,可实施不同的构造方式和变型方案,都不会离开本发明的范围,例如在所附的权利要求中限定的范围。关于本发明的其他特征和优点明确参考附图的公开内容。
附图标记列表
1 混合动力模块
2 定子
3 转子
4 电机
5 第一转动部件
6 第二转动部件
7 扭转振动减振器
8 离合器装置/双离合器
9 转子线圈
10 转子支架
11 转动连接部
12 第一离合器构件
13 第一分离合器
14 流体分配单元
15 中央构件
16 转子位置传感器
17 第一变速器输入轴
18 第二变速器输入轴
19 旋转轴线
20 驱动系
21 模块壳体
22 套筒区域
23 第一分离合器的第二离合器构件
24 第二分离合器的第二离合器构件
25 第二分离合器
26 滚动轴承
27 发送器
28 操纵系统
29a 第一活塞
29b 第二活塞
30a 第一调节元件
30b 第二调节元件
31 流体供给部
32a 第一供给通道
32b 第二供给通道
32c 第三供给通道
33a 第一冷却通道
33b 第二冷却通道
34 输出通道
35 冷却装置
36 摩擦元件
37 第二滚动轴承
38 齿轮
39 输入轴
40 法兰
41 缸
42 活塞环
43 支撑环
44 第一活塞的平衡缸
45 第二活塞的平衡缸
46 第一参考箭头
47 第二参考箭头
48 第三参考箭头
Claims (10)
1.一种用于机动车的驱动系的混合动力模块(1),所述混合动力模块具有包括定子(2)和转子(3)的电机(4);包括至少一个转动部件(6)的扭转振动减振器(7);以及集成的且构造成双离合器的离合器装置(8),其特征在于,容纳所述转子(3)的转子支架(10)直接地经由永久的转动连接部(11)与所述至少一个转动部件(6)连接,其中,所述转子支架(10)形成所述离合器装置(8)的至少一个分离合器(13)的离合器构件(12)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力模块(1),其特征在于,所述扭转振动减振器(7)具有构造成初级质量件的第一转动部件(5)以及构造成次级质量件的第二转动部件(6),其中,所述两个转动部件(5、6)相对彼此能在特定的调节范围中扭转,并且在所述第二转动部件(6)以及所述转子支架(10)之间形成所述转动连接部(11)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力模块(1),其特征在于,所述第一转动部件(5)用于不可相对转动地安装到热力发动机的输出轴上,使得经由所述第一转动部件(5)以及所述第二转动部件(6)能通过所述转子支架(10)承受来自所述热力发动机的扭矩。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的混合动力模块(1),其特征在于,所述扭转振动减振器(7)由弧形弹簧减振器和转速适配的吸振器的组合构成。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的混合动力模块(1),其特征在于,所述电机(4)通过流体冷却。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的混合动力模块(1),其特征在于,所述转动连接部(11)为花键连接部。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的混合动力模块(1),其特征在于,所述双离合器(8)通过流体冷却,其中,存在流体分配单元(14),所述流体分配单元用于支承所述转子支架(10)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的混合动力模块(1),其特征在于,所述双离合器(8)设有能单独控制的流体冷却部。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的混合动力模块(1),其特征在于,设置检测所述转子(3)的转动位置的转子位置传感器(16)和/或温度传感器。
10.一种用于机动车的驱动系(20),所述驱动系具有根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的混合动力模块(1)以及热力发动机,其中,所述热力发动机的输出轴不可相对转动地与所述扭转振动减振器(7)连接。
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WO2018130236A1 (de) | 2018-07-19 |
KR20190107668A (ko) | 2019-09-20 |
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US20190351753A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
EP3568606A1 (de) | 2019-11-20 |
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DE112017006805A5 (de) | 2019-10-10 |
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