CN110150088A - A kind of matrix and cultural method of the cultivation of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin - Google Patents

A kind of matrix and cultural method of the cultivation of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110150088A
CN110150088A CN201910535504.6A CN201910535504A CN110150088A CN 110150088 A CN110150088 A CN 110150088A CN 201910535504 A CN201910535504 A CN 201910535504A CN 110150088 A CN110150088 A CN 110150088A
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matrix
pumpkin
cultivation
stubble
comparative example
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梁增文
梁秀芹
杨朝霞
董静
赵志伟
梁友忠
郭永军
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Shandong Huavegetable Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Yongsheng (shouguang) Vegetable Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
Shandong Yongsheng Agricultural Development Co Ltd
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Shandong Huavegetable Agricultural Technology Co Ltd
Yongsheng (shouguang) Vegetable Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
Shandong Yongsheng Agricultural Development Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910535504.6A priority Critical patent/CN110150088A/en
Publication of CN110150088A publication Critical patent/CN110150088A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides the matrix and cultural method of a kind of cultivation of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin, belong to salt-soda soil technical field of vegetable cultivation.Matrix of the present invention includes filling substrate and cultivation matrix, and the matrix water holding and fertilizer-preserving ability are strong, and good permeability, recovery electric heating system is good, strong with the heat-exchange capacity of soil.Cultural method of the invention includes following key step: cultivation bed being arranged in heliogreenhouse, isolation film, filling substrate, fly net and cultivation matrix are successively laid in cultivation bed；EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer are applied in the matrix of cultivation bed；Pumpkin is planted, applies inducer after field planting；Early spring stubble pumpkin applies athomin after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested, and carries out close plastic shed.The generation that cultural method of the invention can slow down matrix salt pool, control soil-borne disease reduces the use of chemical pesticide, improves pumpkin yield.

Description

A kind of matrix and cultural method of the cultivation of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin
Technical field
It is cultivated the present invention relates to salt-soda soil technical field of vegetable cultivation more particularly to a kind of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin Matrix and cultural method.
Background technique
Salt-soda soil is a soil type of salt aggregation, refers to that salinity contained by soil the inside influences the normal of crop Growth.Due to being influenced by limiting factors such as edaphic conditions, salt-soda soil be used for planting vegetable when, often show root growth by Inhibit, tip of a root browning, entire root system blacks the bad phenomenons such as rot when serious；When salinization and alkalization is serious, plant is also resulted in Cauline leaf is withered, and blade atrophy, growth retardation influences plant strain growth and yield.Current utilization of China's facilities vegetable to saline-alkali soil Rate is small, and salt affected soil situation difference is big in same facility, and peasant household production measure it is different, cause victual quality, Under low output, and salt-soda soil agricultural high-effiency is utilized and is of great significance to the promotion of China's facilities vegetable.
Sand culture is a kind of Soilless Culture Methods carried out using sandstone for matrix.Sand culture cultivation technique is easy to learn, investment At low cost, benefit is preferable, is a kind of cultivation mode for being worth promoting in salt-soda soil.But existing salt-soda soil sand culture cultivation mode has Many is difficult to the drawbacks of overcoming:
(1) matrix sterilizes cumbersome trouble, must dig out cultivation matrix from cultivation bed annual 6~July, after disinfection again Again it is backfilled to cultivation bed, it is time-consuming.
(2) dosage of water and fertilizer is more, and absorption rate is not also high, is easy to generate salt accumulation, matrix easily salt again Poolization needs replacing new cultivation matrix after continuously planting 3~4 years.
(3) sand culture matrix poor air permeability, buffer capacity, retention ability and fertilizer-preserving ability are poor in addition, and root system development is bad, plant Growing way is weak, and yield is far below the soil cultivation under same management level.
(4) almost without organic matter in sand culture matrix, microorganism is few, once the infection soil-borne disease original, is easy to cause Soil-borne disease outburst.
In order to increase matrix gas permeability and prevent matrix ponding, the prior art is usually discarded at one layer of matrix down discharge Plastic seeding culturing hole tray or infiltration slot or stone, the technology increase matrix gas permeability to a certain extent, reduce matrix ponding, But the heat exchange for also having obstructed matrix and soil simultaneously, affects the stability of crop rhizosphere temperature, can generate to plant growth Adverse effect.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the matrix and cultural method of a kind of cultivation of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin, the present invention Matrix water holding and fertilizer-preserving ability it is strong, good permeability, recovery electric heating system is good, strong with the heat-exchange capacity of soil；Cultivation side of the invention The generation that method can slow down matrix salt pool, control soil-borne disease reduces the use of chemical pesticide, improves pumpkin yield.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of matrix of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin cultivation, and the matrix includes filling substrate and cultivation Train matrix；
The filling substrate includes following raw material: carbonization rice husk and the first clinker；The carbonization rice husk and the first clinker Volume ratio 0.75~1: 1；
The cultivation matrix includes following raw material: sand, carbonization rice husk, coco bran and the second clinker；The sand, carbonization rice The volume ratio of shell, coco bran and the second clinker is 5~10: 1~2: 1~2: 2~6；
The partial size of first clinker is 1~1.2cm；The partial size of second clinker is 0.5~0.8cm.
Preferably, the partial size of the sand is 0.8~2mm.
Preferably, the partial size of the coco bran is 3~5mm.
Preferably, the partial size of the carbonization rice husk is 2~4mm.
The present invention also provides a kind of sides that the cultivation of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin is carried out using matrix described in above scheme Method, heliogreenhouse autumn and winter stubble --- early spring stubble bi-annual planting nixed planting, continuous more batches plantations, comprising the following steps:
1) cultivation bed is set in heliogreenhouse, isolation film, filling substrate, fly net and cultivation are successively laid in cultivation bed Matrix is trained, venthole, field planting groove south setting control ditch is arranged in field planting groove north and south both ends；
2) before the field planting of autumn and winter stubble pumpkin, the matrix of the step 1) cultivation bed is first rinsed, then EM bacterium is applied in matrix Agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer；
3) field planting autumn and winter stubble pumpkin applies inducer, training, hanging tendril, harvest after field planting；
4) autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested first 30 days, and field planting early spring stubble pumpkin applies inducer, training, hanging tendril, harvest after field planting；
5) in step 1) cultivation bed matrix application athomin after early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, close plastic shed is carried out, later repeatedly step 2), step 3) and step 4)；
6) step 2), step 3), step 4) and step 5) is repeated several times；
Filling substrate described in step 1) with a thickness of 3~7cm；Cultivation matrix described in step 1) with a thickness of 22~ 26cm；The aperture of fly net described in step 1) is 5~8 mesh；
In step 1), venthole is connected with filling substrate；Control ditch is connected to each field planting groove；
In step 3), autumn and winter stubble pumpkin, late August to early September field planting plants 2 rows, spacing in the rows 35 along each field planting groove two sides ~45cm, single climing training, 30 days vertical hanging tendrils after field planting, one end of lifting rope tie up to the base portion of tomato plant, and the other end ties up to fixed It plants on the hanger steel wire right above row, starts November to harvest, be extended down to early and middle ten days in January and uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested to early Febuary；
In step 4), early spring stubble pumpkin, January early and middle ten days to early Febuary interplant in the autumn and winter stubble pumpkin in the ranks, uniline kind It plants, 17.5~22.5cm of spacing in the rows, single climing training, autumn and winter stubble pumpkin harvest finishes, and removes original plant branches and leaves immediately, and will be new Plant tilts hanging tendril to two sides, and one end of lifting rope ties up to the base portion of pumpkin plant, and the other end ties up on hanger steel wire, and adjacent 2 plants It is tied up on hanger steel wire different above field planting groove respectively, starts April to harvest, mid-July uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested；
In step 5), the close plastic shed is that cultivation bed covers mulch after athomin applies matrix, closes sunlight greenhouse vent 15~20 days, after remove mulch；
Inducer in EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer, step 3) and step 4) in step 2) and peppery in step 5) Root element is applied by trickle irrigation.
Preferably, the amount of application of EM bacteria agent described in step 2) is 1.4~1.8kg/667m2；EM bacterium described in step 2) Effective viable bacteria concentration is 250~35,000,000,000/g in agent.
Preferably, the amount of application of ammino acid liquid fertilizer described in step 2) is 2.5~2.8L/667m2；Ammonia described in step 2) Content >=100g/L of amino acid in base acid solution fertilizer.
Preferably, inducer described in step 3) includes the raw material of following mass parts: 0.5~1.5 part of chitosan and poly- day 9~11 parts of winter L-aminobutanedioic acid；The amount of application of the inducer is 35~37.5g/667m2。
Preferably, the dosage form of athomin described in step 4) is aqua；The mass percentage of the athomin is 15% ~25%；The amount of application of athomin described in step 4) is 3~4.5L/667m2。
Preferably, the width of cultivation bed described in step 1) is 55~65cm；The depth of the cultivation bed is 28~32cm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention provides a kind of matrix of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin cultivation, the bases Matter includes filling substrate and cultivation matrix；The filling substrate includes following raw material: carbonization rice husk and the first clinker；The carbonization The volume ratio of rice husk and the first clinker is 0.75~1: 1；The cultivation matrix includes following raw material: sand, carbonization rice husk, coco bran With the second clinker；The sand, carbonization rice husk, coco bran and the second clinker volume ratio be 5~10: 1~2: 1~2: 2~6.This The matrix water holding and fertilizer-preserving ability of invention are strong, reduce watering and fertilizer application frequency, water-saving fertilizer-saving significant effect, with traditional sand culture phase Than water-saving 17.8% or so, fertilizer amount 17.8% or so is saved；Also, matrix good permeability of the invention, recovery electric heating system is good, with The heat-exchange capacity of soil is strong, so that pumpkin well developed root system, robust plant, are conducive to improve yield, pumpkin yield can mention It is high by 20% or more, reach yield level under the conditions of normal soil.Also, matrix of the invention can also sterilize in situ, avoid Cultivation matrix digs out from cultivation bed and backfills again, reduces labor intensity, time saving and energy saving, be conducive to save production cost and It is widely applied.
The present invention also provides a kind of sides that the cultivation of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin is carried out using matrix described in above scheme Method, heliogreenhouse autumn and winter stubble --- early spring stubble bi-annual planting nixed planting, continuous more batches plantations, including following key step: 1) cultivation bed is set in heliogreenhouse, isolation film, filling substrate, fly net and cultivation matrix are successively laid in cultivation bed； 2) EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer are applied in the matrix of the step 1) cultivation bed；3) pumpkin is planted, application lures anti-after field planting Agent；4) early spring stubble pumpkin applies athomin after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested, and carries out close plastic shed.Cultural method of the invention can slow down matrix salt pool, So that cultivation matrix service life increases, 7 years or more were extended to by original 3~4 years, further saves production cost；And And the present invention is in matrix by applying EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer, changes that beneficial bacterium in chiltern matrix is few and beneficial bacterium It is not easy the defect of development growth, the environmental condition of development growth is provided for beneficial bacterium, the generation of soil-borne disease can be fully controlled, Chemical pesticide amount ratio tradition sand culture of the invention reduces 35%；The present invention induces pumpkin to a variety of by application inducer Disease generates resistance, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage, reduces the use of chemical pesticide.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of matrix of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin cultivation, and the matrix includes filling substrate and cultivation Train matrix；
The filling substrate includes following raw material: carbonization rice husk and the first clinker；The carbonization rice husk and the first clinker Volume ratio is 0.75~1: 1；
The cultivation matrix includes following raw material: sand, carbonization rice husk, coco bran and the second clinker；The sand, carbonization rice The volume ratio of shell, coco bran and the second clinker is 5~10: 1~2: 1~2: 2~6；
The partial size of first clinker is 1~1.2cm；The partial size of second clinker is 0.5~0.8cm.
In the present invention, the volume ratio of the carbonization rice husk and the first clinker is preferably 0.9: 1；The grain of the carbonization rice husk Diameter is preferably 2~4mm, more preferably 3mm；The partial size of first clinker is preferably 1.1cm.
In the present invention, the sand, carbonization rice husk, coco bran and the second clinker volume ratio be preferably 6: 1: 1: 4；The sand The partial size of son is preferably 0.8~2mm, more preferably 1~1.5mm；The partial size of the carbonization rice husk is preferably 2~4mm, more preferably For 3mm；The partial size of the coco bran is preferably 3~5mm, more preferably 4mm；The partial size of second clinker is preferably 0.6~ 0.7cm。
The present invention cultivates pumpkin using filling substrate and cultivation matrix, and matrix good permeability, water holding and fertilizer-preserving ability are strong, stores It is hot good, it is strong with the heat-exchange capacity of soil, so that pumpkin well developed root system, robust plant.
The present invention also provides a kind of sides that the cultivation of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin is carried out using matrix described in above scheme Method, continuous more batches plantations, comprising the following steps:
1) cultivation bed is set in heliogreenhouse, isolation film, filling substrate, fly net and cultivation are successively laid in cultivation bed Matrix is trained, venthole, field planting groove south setting control ditch is arranged in field planting groove north and south both ends；
2) before the field planting of autumn and winter stubble pumpkin, the matrix of the step 1) cultivation bed is first rinsed, then EM bacterium is applied in matrix Agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer；
3) field planting autumn and winter stubble pumpkin applies inducer, training, hanging tendril, harvest after field planting；
4) autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested first 30 days, and field planting early spring stubble pumpkin applies inducer, training, hanging tendril, harvest after field planting；
5) in step 1) cultivation bed matrix application athomin after early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, close plastic shed is carried out, later repeatedly step 2), step 3) and step 4)；
6) step 2), step 3), step 4) and step 5) is repeated several times；
Filling substrate described in step 1) with a thickness of 3~7cm, preferably 5cm；The thickness of cultivation matrix described in step 1) Degree is 22~26cm, preferably 24cm；The aperture of fly net described in step 1) is 5~8 mesh, preferably 6~7 mesh.
In the present invention, the mode of the salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin cultivation is preferably autumn and winter stubble -- early spring stubble bi-annual planting Interplanting.Drip irrigation equipment is installed, realizes the integrated management of rich water medicine.
Cultivation bed is arranged in the present invention in heliogreenhouse first, and isolation film is successively laid in cultivation bed, filling substrate, is prevented Worm net and cultivation matrix；The cultivation bed is preferably North and South direction setting；The south of the cultivation bed is preferable to provide control water Ditch, the control ditch are connected to each cultivation bed；The depth in the control ditch is preferably 35~45cm, more preferably 40cm；It is described The width for controlling ditch is preferably 35~45cm, more preferably 40cm；The control ditch is connected to the outer gutter of canopy, to control ditch Interior water is discharged outside canopy in time, does not influence the venthole ventilation of the field planting groove south.
In the present invention, the width of the cultivation bed is preferably 55~65cm, more preferably 60cm；The depth of the cultivation bed Preferably 28~32cm, more preferably 30m；The spacing of adjacent cultivation bed is preferably 110~130cm, more preferably 120cm；Institute The north and south both ends for stating cultivation bed are preferably provided with venthole；The venthole is preferably connected with filling substrate, is conducive to mention The gas permeability of Super matrix, pumpkin well developed root system, robust plant.
In the present invention, the isolation film is preferably polyethylene film；The thickness of the isolation film is preferably 6~10, more Preferably 8；The length of the isolation film is preferably greater than the length of cultivation bed；The width of the isolation film is preferably 1.2~ 1.6m, more preferably 1.3m, the length of isolation film described in specific implementation process of the present invention is than field planting flute length 1m；The isolation film It is preferably disposed in bottom and the inner wall of cultivation bed；The effect of the isolation film is isolation matrix and soil.
After cultivation bed is arranged in heliogreenhouse, currently preferred further includes that matrix is rinsed, i.e. cleaning matrix；The present invention The method of the cleaning is not particularly limited, using conventional method in that art；In specific implementation process of the present invention, utilize Drip irrigation equipment continues trickle irrigation to after being saturated to matrix trickle irrigation clear water, so that water is leaked out to control ditch and reaches until water color obviously shoals Until limpid；The effect of the cleaning matrix is to eliminate medicament residue.
After cleaning matrix, the present invention applies EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer in the matrix of cultivation bed；The EM bacteria agent Amount of application be preferably 1.4~1.8kg/667m2, more preferably 1.5kg/667m2；Effective viable bacteria concentration is excellent in the EM bacteria agent It is selected as 250~35,000,000,000/g, more preferably 30,000,000,000/g；The EM bacteria agent is preferably purchased from the limited public affairs of Henan crowd nation biological products Department；The amount of application of the ammino acid liquid fertilizer is preferably 2.5~2.8L/667m2, more preferably 2.75L/667m2；The amino acid In liquid fertilizer the content of amino acid it is preferred >=100g/L；The ammino acid liquid fertilizer is preferably purchased from Johnson & Johnson, Henan Province agricultural science and technology Development Co., Ltd.
In specific implementation process of the present invention, in the cultivation bed apply EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer mixing after irrigate in Water application；The mode of the irrigation is preferably trickle irrigation.The present invention applies the beneficial microbe in the effect supplement matrix of EM bacteria agent, It advantageously reduces soil-borne disease and matrix salt poolization occurs, improve the service life of matrix；The present invention applies ammino acid liquid fertilizer Effect is that the environmental condition of development growth is provided for beneficial bacterium, is conducive to beneficial microbe growth and breeding.
After applying EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer in the matrix of cultivation bed, the present invention plants pumpkin, and application lures after field planting Anti-agent；The present invention is not particularly limited the kind of the pumpkin, and in specific implementation process of the present invention, the kind of the pumpkin is excellent It is selected as Mininangua cumquat melon and Mininangua shellfish shellfish；Autumn and winter stubble, preferably along cultivation bed planted on two sides, each cultivation bed plantation 2 rows, the line-spacing of cultivation are preferably 55~65cm, more preferably 60cm；Autumn and winter stubble, the spacing in the rows of cultivation is preferably 35~45cm, more Preferably 40cm；In the ranks in autumn and winter stubble pumpkin, uniline is planted, the spacing in the rows of cultivation preferably 17.5~22.5cm for early spring stubble interplanting, More preferably 20cm.
In the present invention, autumn and winter stubble, the time of field planting is preferably the field planting of late August to early September；Early spring stubble, field planting when Between preferably early and middle ten days in January to early Febuary；More preferably the autumn and winter stubble uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested before 30d；In specific implementation process of the present invention, the autumn and winter 30d extracts the blade of autumn and winter stubble pumpkin middle and lower part before stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, and uniline plants early spring stubble pumpkin seedling；The present invention is to the field planting Method does not have particular/special requirement, using conventional method in that art.
Inducer is applied after present invention field planting；The inducer preferably includes the raw material of following mass parts: chitosan 0.5 ~1.5 parts and 9~11 parts of poly- asparagus fern L-aminobutanedioic acid；It is furthermore preferred that the inducer includes the raw material of following mass parts: chitosan 1 part and 10 parts of poly- asparagus fern L-aminobutanedioic acid；The inducer is applied after being preferably dissolved in water；The present invention is not special to the content of water It is required that inducer can sufficiently be dissolved；5~7d after the administration time of the inducer is preferably colonized, it is more preferably fixed 6d after plant；The method of application of the inducer preferably irrigates dissolved in water, is applied to pumpkin root；The mode of the irrigation is excellent Choosing includes trickle irrigation；The amount of application of the inducer is preferably 35~37.5g/667m2, more preferably 36g/667m2；The present invention The effect of application inducer is that effective defence pumpkin generates multiple diseases in the suitable warm luminous environment harm in Asia and induction pumpkin Resistance has the effect of promoting growth, resists disease, enhancing photosynthesis, increases yield.
After applying inducer, currently preferred further includes training；The mode of the training is preferably single climing training.
After training, currently preferred further includes hanging tendril；25~35d after the time of the hanging tendril is preferably colonized, it is more excellent It is selected as 30d.The present invention is not particularly limited the mode of the hanging tendril, using conventional method in that art；The present invention is specific Hanger steel wire is set in implementation process: the 1st hanger steel wire and the 2nd hanger steel wire being set away from ground 1.8m right above cultivation bed； The parallel ground of plane where the 1st hanger steel wire and the 2nd hanger steel wire；The 1st hanger steel wire and the 2nd hanger steel wire Spacing is preferably 60cm；Autumn and winter stubble: one end of plastics lifting rope ties up to the base portion of pumpkin plant, and the other end ties up to right above field planting row Hanger steel wire on；Early spring stubble: autumn and winter stubble pumpkin harvest finishes, and removes original plant branches and leaves immediately, and by new plant to two Oblique hanging tendril, adjacent 2 plants of pumpkins are rolled, one end of plastics lifting rope ties up to the base portion of pumpkin plant, and the other end ties up to field planting groove respectively On the different hanger steel wire in surface.
After hanging tendril, the present invention harvests pumpkin, and athomin is applied after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested, and carries out close plastic shed；Autumn and winter stubble, it is described start harvest Time is November；Early spring stubble, the time for starting harvest are April；The present invention is not special to the mode of the harvest Limitation routinely harvests the method for pumpkin using this field；Autumn and winter stubble, the time uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested be preferably January early and middle ten days to 2 The first tenday period of a month moon；Early spring stubble, the time uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested is preferably mid-July；The present invention is not particularly limited the mode uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, The method routinely uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested using this field.
The present invention applies athomin after uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested；The dosage form of the athomin is preferably aqua；The quality hundred of the athomin Point content is preferably 15%~25%, and more preferably 20%；The amount of application of the athomin is preferably 3~4.5L/667m2, more Preferably 3.75~4L/667m2；The usage mode of the athomin preferably irrigates dissolved in water；The mode of the irrigation is excellent It is selected as trickle irrigation；The athomin is preferably purchased from Xi'an Wei Te biotechnology Co., Ltd.In the present invention, horseradish is applied The effect of element is matrix disinfection.
In the present invention, the specific implementation process of the close plastic shed are as follows: mulch is covered to cultivation bed, closes heliogreenhouse ventilation Mouthful, carry out close plastic shed；The time of the close plastic shed is preferably 15~~20d, more preferably 16~18d.
After close plastic shed, currently preferred further includes removing mulch, cleans matrix, applies EM bacteria agent and aminoacids solution Fertilizer carries out next batch of pumpkin cultivation.
In the present invention, the cultural method preferably further include watering, application and fertilising, the present invention to it is described watering, apply Medicine and the number of fertilising, frequency, amount of application etc. are without specifically limited, using conventional method in that art.
Technical solution provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment, but they cannot be understood For limiting the scope of the present invention.
Following embodiment and comparative example are to implement the fixed point sand culture examination for many years of salt-soda soil pumpkin in Shouguang City the north Nan Muqiaocun It tests.It should be understood that in addition to 8 matrix of comparative example is updated by prescribed requirement, the matrix of other embodiments and comparative example and upper one Annual stubble remains unchanged.
Embodiment 1
In August, 2011 is in July, 2012.It is Mininangua cumquat melon for examination pumpkin variety.
The 1st annual stubble time pumpkin cultivation is carried out by following scheme.
A kind of method of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin cultivation, heliogreenhouse are interior using autumn and winter stubble --- early spring stubble 1 year two Make nixed planting and carries out substrate culture；Autumn and winter stubble, late August to early September field planting, starts to harvest November, is extended down in going up January Ten days to early Febuary uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested；Early spring stubble, January early and middle ten days to early Febuary interplant in the autumn and winter stubble pumpkin in the ranks, start April to harvest, 7 The middle of the month uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested；Drip irrigation equipment is installed, realizes the integrated management of rich water medicine；Further include following part:
1) field planting groove: North and South direction setting is colonized groove width 60cm, depth 30cm；Adjacent two field planting separation 120cm；It selects Isolation film, is isolated matrix and soil, and venthole is arranged in field planting groove north and south both ends.Isolation film is a kind of polyethylene with a thickness of 8 Film is layered on the two sides and bottom of field planting groove, matrix is isolated with soil, isolation film width 1.3m, length ratio field planting flute length 1m, To cover the soil at field planting groove north and south both ends.
2) matrix: including by carbonization rice husk and bulky grain clinker by volume 0.9: 1 filling substrate formed and by sand, Carbonization rice husk, coco bran and little particle clinker by volume 6: 1: 1: 4 composition cultivation matrix；Sand partial size 0.gmm, carbonization rice husk Partial size 2mm, coco bran partial size 3mm, bulky grain clinker partial size 1cm, little particle clinker partial size 0.5cm.
3) matrix is added: first adding filling substrate after being laid with isolation film, thickness 5cm covers one layer of 5 mesh on filling substrate Fly net, then cultivation matrix is added on fly net, thickness 24cm, venthole is connected with filling substrate.
4) matrix treatments: before planting for the first time, matrix is rinsed, and add EM bacterium, 667m2Add the EM bacterium of 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria Stoste 1.5kg, EM bacterium stoste is mixed with ammino acid liquid fertilizer applies matrix by trickle irrigation；It is peppery by 20% after each early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested Root element aqua 667m2Dosage 3L applies matrix by trickle irrigation, and cultivation bed covers mulch, closes sunlight greenhouse vent close plastic shed 15d； Mulch is removed after close plastic shed, is rinsed matrix, is added EM bacterium, 667m later2The EM bacterium stoste 1.5kg of 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria is added, EM bacterium stoste is mixed with ammino acid liquid fertilizer applies matrix by trickle irrigation, carries out autumn and winter stubble pumpkin cultivation next time.Ammino acid liquid fertilizer For amino acid >=100g/L Liquid Fertilizer, each 667m2Dosage 2.5L.
5) be colonized and manage: autumn and winter stubble plants 2 rows along each field planting groove two sides, and spacing in the rows 40cm, 5d is poured to apply and once be lured after field planting Anti-agent aqueous solution, single climing training, the vertical hanging tendril of 30d after field planting, one end of lifting rope tie up to the base portion of pumpkin plant, and the other end ties up to On hanger steel wire right above field planting row；Early spring stubble, 30d before autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, extracts the blade of plant middle and lower part, plants in duplicate rows Strain middle, uniline plant pumpkin seedling, and spacing in the rows 20cm, 5d pours Shi Yici inducer aqueous solution, single climing training, autumn and winter stubble after field planting Pumpkin harvest finishes, and removes original plant branches and leaves immediately, and new plant is tilted hanging tendril to two sides, one end of lifting rope ties up to south The base portion of melon plant, the other end tie up on hanger steel wire, and adjacent 2 plants tie up to respectively on hanger steel wire different above field planting groove. Inducer is made of chitosan and poly- asparagus fern L-aminobutanedioic acid in mass ratio 1: 10, is applied together with irrigation water after being dissolved in water by trickle irrigation Enter pumpkin root, 667m2Dosage 35g.
Comparative example 1
In August, 2011 is in July, 2012.It is Mininangua cumquat melon for examination pumpkin variety.
The 1st annual stubble time heliogreenhouse pumpkin cultivation, daylight are carried out by technical solution most common in following current production Using autumn and winter stubble in greenhouse --- early spring stubble bi-annual planting nixed planting carries out substrate culture；Autumn and winter stubble, the field planting date is the same as implementation Example 1, the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested is the same as embodiment 1；Early spring stubble is colonized the date with embodiment 1, and the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested is the same as embodiment 1；Drip irrigation equipment is installed, it is real Existing rich water medicine integrated management；Further include following part:
1) field planting groove: North and South direction setting is colonized groove width 60cm, depth 30cm；Adjacent two field planting separation 120cm；It selects Matrix and soil is isolated in isolation film.Isolation film is a kind of polyethylene film with a thickness of 8, is layered on the two sides and bottom of field planting groove Matrix is isolated with soil in portion, isolation film width 1.3m, and length is than field planting flute length 1m, to cover field planting groove north and south both ends Soil.
2) it matrix: is made of at 2: 1 by volume sand and clinker；Sand partial size 0.8mm, clinker partial size 0.5cm.
3) matrix is added: adding filling substrate, thickness 29cm after being laid with isolation film.
4) matrix treatments: before planting for the first time, matrix is rinsed；After each early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, matrix is dug out, routinely method disappears It is refilled by after poison, carries out autumn and winter stubble pumpkin cultivation next time.
5) be colonized and manage: autumn and winter stubble plants 2 rows, spacing in the rows 40cm, single climing training, 30d after field planting along each field planting groove two sides Vertical hanging tendril, one end of lifting rope tie up to the base portion of pumpkin plant, and the other end ties up on the hanger steel wire right above field planting row；Early spring Stubble, 30d before autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, extracts the blade of plant middle and lower part, and in duplicate rows plant middle, uniline plants pumpkin seedling, spacing in the rows 20cm, single climing training, autumn and winter stubble pumpkin harvest finish, and remove original plant branches and leaves immediately, and new plant is tilted to two sides Hanging tendril, one end of lifting rope tie up to the base portion of pumpkin plant, and the other end ties up on hanger steel wire, and adjacent 2 plants tie up to field planting groove respectively On the different hanger steel wire in top.
Comparative example 2
In August, 2011 is in July, 2012.It is Mininangua cumquat melon for examination pumpkin variety.
The 1st annual stubble time heliogreenhouse pumpkin cultivation is carried out by following technical proposal, uses the autumn and winter in heliogreenhouse Stubble --- early spring stubble bi-annual planting nixed planting carries out substrate culture；Autumn and winter stubble, the field planting date, the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested was the same as real with embodiment 1 Apply example 1；Early spring stubble is colonized the date with embodiment 1, and the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested is the same as embodiment 1；Drip irrigation equipment is installed, realizes the integration of rich water medicine Management；Further include following part:
1) field planting groove: North and South direction setting is colonized groove width 60cm, depth 30cm；Adjacent two field planting separation 120cm；It selects Matrix and soil is isolated in isolation film.Isolation film is a kind of polyethylene film with a thickness of 8, is layered on the two sides and bottom of field planting groove Matrix is isolated with soil in portion, isolation film width 1.3m, and length is than field planting flute length 1m, to cover field planting groove north and south both ends Soil.
2) it matrix: is made of at 2: 1 by volume sand and clinker；Sand partial size 0.8mm, clinker partial size 0.5cm.
3) matrix is added: adding filling substrate, thickness 29cm after being laid with isolation film.
4) matrix treatments: before planting for the first time, matrix is rinsed, and add EM bacterium, 667m2Add the EM bacterium of 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria Stoste 1.5kg, EM bacterium stoste is mixed with ammino acid liquid fertilizer applies matrix by trickle irrigation；After each early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, matrix is dug Out, it is routinely refilled by after method disinfection, rinses matrix, add EM bacterium, 667m later2The EM bacterium for adding 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria is former Liquid 1.5kg, EM bacterium stoste is mixed with ammino acid liquid fertilizer applies matrix by trickle irrigation, carries out autumn and winter stubble pumpkin cultivation next time.Ammonia Base acid solution fertilizer is amino acid >=100g/L Liquid Fertilizer, each 667m2Dosage 2.5-2.8L.
5) be colonized and manage: autumn and winter stubble plants 2 rows, spacing in the rows 40cm, single climing training, 30d after field planting along each field planting groove two sides Vertical hanging tendril, one end of lifting rope tie up to the base portion of pumpkin plant, and the other end ties up on the hanger steel wire right above field planting row；Early spring Stubble, 30d before autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, extracts the blade of plant middle and lower part, and in duplicate rows plant middle, uniline plants pumpkin seedling, spacing in the rows 20cm, single climing training, autumn and winter stubble pumpkin harvest finish, and remove original plant branches and leaves immediately, and new plant is tilted to two sides Hanging tendril, one end of lifting rope tie up to the base portion of pumpkin plant, and the other end ties up on hanger steel wire, and adjacent 2 plants tie up to field planting groove respectively On the different hanger steel wire in top.
Comparative example 3
In August, 2011 is in July, 2012.It is Mininangua cumquat melon for examination pumpkin variety.
The 1st annual stubble time heliogreenhouse pumpkin cultivation is carried out by following technical proposal, uses the autumn and winter in heliogreenhouse Stubble --- early spring stubble bi-annual planting nixed planting carries out substrate culture；Autumn and winter stubble, the field planting date, the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested was the same as real with embodiment 1 Apply example 1；Early spring stubble is colonized the date with embodiment 1, and the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested is the same as embodiment 1；Drip irrigation equipment is installed, realizes the integration of rich water medicine Management；Further include following part:
1) field planting groove: North and South direction setting is colonized groove width 60cm, depth 30cm；Adjacent two field planting separation 120cm；It selects Matrix and soil is isolated in isolation film.Isolation film is a kind of polyethylene film with a thickness of 8, is layered on the two sides and bottom of field planting groove Matrix is isolated with soil in portion, isolation film width 1.3m, and length is than field planting flute length 1m, to cover field planting groove north and south both ends Soil.
2) it matrix: is made of at 2: 1 by volume sand and clinker；Sand partial size 0.8mm, clinker partial size 0.5cm.
3) matrix is added: adding filling substrate, thickness 29cm after being laid with isolation film.
4) matrix treatments: before planting for the first time, matrix is rinsed, and add EM bacterium, 667m2Add the EM bacterium of 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria Stoste 1.5kg, EM bacterium stoste is mixed with ammino acid liquid fertilizer applies matrix by trickle irrigation；After each early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, matrix is dug Out, it is routinely refilled by after method disinfection, rinses matrix, add EM bacterium, 667m later2The EM bacterium for adding 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria is former Liquid 1.5kg carries out autumn and winter stubble pumpkin cultivation next time.Ammino acid liquid fertilizer is amino acid >=100g/L Liquid Fertilizer, each 667m2 Dosage 2.5-2.8L.
5) be colonized and manage: autumn and winter stubble plants 2 rows, spacing in the rows 40cm, single climing training, 5d after field planting along each field planting groove two sides Shi Yici inducer aqueous solution is poured, the vertical hanging tendril of 30d after field planting, one end of lifting rope ties up to the base portion of pumpkin plant, other end system On the hanger steel wire right above field planting row；Early spring stubble, 30d before autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, extracts the blade of plant middle and lower part, in duplicate rows Plant middle, uniline plant pumpkin seedling, and spacing in the rows 20cm, 5d pours Shi Yici inducer aqueous solution, single climing training, autumn and winter after field planting Stubble pumpkin harvest finishes, and removes original plant branches and leaves immediately, and new plant is tilted hanging tendril to two sides, one end of lifting rope ties up to The base portion of pumpkin plant, the other end tie up on hanger steel wire, and adjacent 2 plants tie up to hanger steel wire different above field planting groove respectively On.Inducer is made of chitosan and poly- asparagus fern L-aminobutanedioic acid in mass ratio 1: 10, is dissolved in after water through trickle irrigation and irrigation water one With application pumpkin root, 667m2Dosage 35g.
Comparative example 4
In August, 2011 is in July, 2012.It is Mininangua cumquat melon for examination pumpkin variety.
The 1st annual stubble time heliogreenhouse pumpkin cultivation is carried out by following technical proposal, uses the autumn and winter in heliogreenhouse Stubble --- early spring stubble bi-annual planting nixed planting carries out substrate culture；Autumn and winter stubble, the field planting date, the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested was the same as real with embodiment 1 Apply example 1；Early spring stubble is colonized the date with embodiment 1, and the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested is the same as embodiment 1；Drip irrigation equipment is installed, realizes the integration of rich water medicine Management；Further include following part:
1) field planting groove: North and South direction setting is colonized groove width 60cm, depth 30cm；Adjacent two field planting separation 120cm；It selects Matrix and soil is isolated in isolation film.Isolation film is a kind of polyethylene film with a thickness of 8, is layered on the two sides and bottom of field planting groove Matrix is isolated with soil in portion, isolation film width 1.3m, and length is than field planting flute length 1m, to cover field planting groove north and south both ends Soil.
2) it matrix: is made of at 2: 1 by volume sand and clinker；Sand partial size 0.8mm, clinker partial size 0.5cm.
3) matrix is added: adding filling substrate, thickness 29cm after being laid with isolation film.
4) matrix treatments: before planting for the first time, matrix is rinsed, and add EM bacterium, 667m2Add the EM bacterium of 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria Stoste 1.5kg, EM bacterium stoste is mixed with ammino acid liquid fertilizer applies matrix by trickle irrigation；It is peppery by 20% after each early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested Root element aqua 667m2Dosage 3L applies matrix by trickle irrigation, and cultivation bed covers mulch, closes sunlight greenhouse vent close plastic shed 15d； Mulch is removed after close plastic shed, is rinsed matrix, is added EM bacterium, 667m later2The EM bacterium stoste 1.5kg of 30,000,000,000/g of viable bacteria is added, Carry out autumn and winter stubble pumpkin cultivation next time.Ammino acid liquid fertilizer is amino acid >=100g/L Liquid Fertilizer, each 667m2Dosage 2.5L。
5) be colonized and manage: autumn and winter stubble plants 2 rows, spacing in the rows 40cm, single climing training, 5d after field planting along each field planting groove two sides Shi Yici inducer aqueous solution is poured, the vertical hanging tendril of 30d after field planting, one end of lifting rope ties up to the base portion of pumpkin plant, other end system On the hanger steel wire right above field planting row；Early spring stubble, 30d before autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, extracts the blade of plant middle and lower part, in duplicate rows Plant middle, uniline plant pumpkin seedling, and spacing in the rows 20cm, single climing training, 5d pours Shi Yici inducer aqueous solution, autumn and winter after field planting Stubble pumpkin harvest finishes, and removes original plant branches and leaves immediately, and new plant is tilted hanging tendril to two sides, one end of lifting rope ties up to The base portion of pumpkin plant, the other end tie up on hanger steel wire, and adjacent 2 plants tie up to hanger steel wire different above field planting groove respectively On.Inducer is made of chitosan and poly- asparagus fern L-aminobutanedioic acid in mass ratio 1: 10, is dissolved in after water through trickle irrigation and irrigation water one With application pumpkin root, 667m2Dosage 35g.
45d measures plant root vigor in embodiment 1 and comparative example 1~4 after field planting；Investigate root knot nematode disease, bacterium A situation arises in the property fields such as angular leaf spot and downy mildew；Service condition, watering and the fertilising situation and pumpkin for counting chemical pesticide produce Amount；Investigate pumpkin rhizosphere temperature variations.Test result is referring to table 1.
1 embodiment 1 of table autumn and winter stubble corresponding with the cultural method of comparative example 1~4 and early spring stubble pumpkin upgrowth situation
As shown in Table 1, through testing, plant root vigor, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2,3 and of comparative example Comparative example 4 is respectively 145.7mgg-1·h-1、112.4mg·g-1·h-1、111.6mg·g-1·h-1、109.8mg·g-1· h-1And 110.9mgg-1·h-1, embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference reaches significantly between comparative example 4 Level, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference is not significant between comparative example 4；Early spring stubble embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparison Example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are respectively 127.9mgg-1·h-1、98.8mg·g-1·h-1、94.5mg·g-1·h-1、 97.3mg·g-1·h-1And 98.6mgg-1·h-1, embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, between comparative example 4 Difference reaches the level of signifiance, and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference is not significant between comparative example 4.
Root knot nematode disease disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are not sent out It is raw；Early spring stubble embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are respectively 0,3.3%, 4.9%, 5.7% and 4.8%, embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference reaches the level of signifiance between comparative example 4, comparative example 1, right Ratio 2, comparative example 3, difference is not significant between comparative example 4.
Bacterial angular leaf spot disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are distinguished It is 3.2%, 11.9%, 12.6%, 12.4% and 11.7%, embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, comparative example 4 Between difference reach the level of signifiance, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference is not significant between comparative example 4；Early spring stubble is implemented Example 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are respectively 2.3%, 8.5%, 9.3%, 8.6% and 7.3%, are implemented Example 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference reaches the level of signifiance, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparison between comparative example 4 Difference is not significant between example 3, comparative example 4.
Downy mildew disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are respectively 3.6%, 11.7%, 12.2%, 13.7% and 12.4%, embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, comparative example 4 it Between difference reach the level of signifiance, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference is not significant between comparative example 4；Early spring stubble embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are respectively 1.7%, 9.9%, 10.3%, 10.5% and 11.6%, real Apply that example 1 and comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, difference reaches the level of signifiance between comparative example 4, it is comparative example 1, comparative example 2, right Difference is not significant between ratio 3, comparative example 4.
It is administered situation, two batches of embodiments 1 of early spring and autumn and winter, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4 are administered secondary Number is respectively 13 times, 20 times, 20 times, 20 times and 20 times.Plant disease resistance of the present invention is strong, and chemical pesticide use can be reduced in production 7 times, chemical pesticide usage amount reduces 35%.
Embodiment 1 is watered 10 times than 4 two batches of comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example reduction trickle irrigations after field planting. Substrate buffer ability of the present invention, retention ability and fertilizer-preserving ability are strong, and water-saving 17.8% or so, fertilizer amount 17.8% or so is saved, Water-saving fertilizer-saving significant effect.
4 two batches of embodiment 1, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example yield 667m2Respectively 20485.6kg, 16979.8kg, 17011.1kg, 17006.7kg and 17014.6kg, the more other processing of embodiment 1 improve 20% or more, reach Yield level under the conditions of same management level normal soil.
When summer and autumn external world's maximum temperature is 36 DEG C~38 DEG C, maximum temperature is at 1 pumpkin rhizosphere 10cm of embodiment 25.9 DEG C, maximum temperature is 28.4 DEG C at 1 pumpkin rhizosphere 10cm of comparative example；When winter-spring season external world minimum temperature is subzero 10 DEG C ~subzero 12 DEG C when, minimum temperature is 13.6 DEG C at 1 pumpkin rhizosphere 10cm of embodiment, minimum at 1 pumpkin rhizosphere 10cm of comparative example Temperature is 10.4 DEG C.1 matrix recovery electric heating system of embodiment is good, and the heat-exchange capacity of matrix and soil is strong, crop rhizosphere temperature stability Good, high temperature season crop rhizosphere maximum temperature is not too high, and low temperature season crop rhizosphere minimum temperature will not be too low, is conducive to south Melon root growth.
Embodiment 2
In August, 2012 is in July, 2013.It is Mininangua cumquat melon for examination pumpkin variety.It is planted on the plot of embodiment 1 The 2nd annual stubble time pumpkin is trained, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 5
In August, 2012 is in July, 2013.It is Mininangua cumquat melon for examination pumpkin variety.It is planted on the plot of comparative example 1 The 2nd annual stubble time pumpkin is trained, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as comparative example 1.
The plant root vigor of 45 days measurements embodiments 2 and comparative example 5 after field planting；It investigates root knot nematode disease field and feelings occurs Condition；Count pumpkin yield.
Test result is referring to table 2.
2 embodiment 2 of table autumn and winter stubble corresponding with the cultural method of comparative example 5 and early spring stubble pumpkin upgrowth situation
As seen from the results in Table 2, through testing, plant root vigor, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 2, comparative example 5 are respectively 139.7mg·g-1·h-1、107.8mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference；Early spring stubble embodiment 2, comparative example 5 are respectively 127.6mg·g-1·h-1、99.1mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference.
Root knot nematode disease disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 2, comparative example 5 are respectively 0,4.8%, significant difference；Early spring stubble is real Apply example 2, comparative example 5 is respectively 0,8.3%, significant difference.
5 two batches of embodiment 2, comparative example yield 667m2Respectively 20561.1kg, 16964.6kg, embodiment 2 is compared with comparative example 5 improve 21.2%.
Embodiment 3
In August, 2013 is in July, 2014.It is Mininangua shellfish shellfish for examination pumpkin variety.It is cultivated on the plot of embodiment 2 3rd annual stubble time pumpkin, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 6
In August, 2013 is in July, 2014.It is Mininangua shellfish shellfish for examination pumpkin variety.It is cultivated on the plot of comparative example 5 3rd annual stubble time pumpkin, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as comparative example 1.
The plant root vigor of 45 days measurements embodiments 3 and comparative example 6 after field planting；It investigates root knot nematode disease field and feelings occurs Condition；Investigate matrix salination situation；Count pumpkin yield.Test result is referring to table 3.
3 embodiment 3 of table autumn and winter stubble corresponding with the cultural method of comparative example 6 and early spring stubble pumpkin upgrowth situation
As seen from the results in Table 3, through testing, plant root vigor, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 3, comparative example 6 are respectively 137.6mg·g-1·h-1、102.8mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference；Early spring stubble embodiment 3, comparative example 6 are respectively 126.9mg·g-1·h-1、98.2mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference.
Root knot nematode disease disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 3, comparative example 6 are respectively 0,5.8%, significant difference；Early spring stubble is real Apply example 3, comparative example 6 is respectively 0,7.3%, significant difference.
After early spring stubble harvest, the salt content of matrix is detected, embodiment 3 is 0.12%, and comparative example 6 is 0.27%, salinity Content has been approached critical value.
6 two batches of embodiment 3, comparative example yield 667m2Respectively 21033.6kg, 16773.2kg, embodiment 3 is compared with comparative example 6 improve 25.4%, and 6 total output underproduction amplitude of comparative example is obviously accelerated.
Embodiment 4
In August, 2014 is in July, 2015.It is Mininangua shellfish shellfish for examination pumpkin variety.It is cultivated on the plot of embodiment 3 4th annual stubble time pumpkin, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 7
In August, 2014 is in July, 2015.It is Mininangua shellfish shellfish for examination pumpkin variety.It is cultivated on the plot of comparative example 6 4th annual stubble time pumpkin, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as comparative example 1.
The plant root vigor of 45 days measurements embodiments 4 and comparative example 7 after field planting；It investigates root knot nematode disease field and feelings occurs Condition；Investigate matrix salination situation；Count pumpkin yield.Test result is referring to table 4.
4 embodiment 4 of table autumn and winter stubble corresponding with the cultural method of comparative example 7 and early spring stubble pumpkin upgrowth situation
As shown in Table 4, through testing, plant root vigor, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 4, comparative example 7 are respectively 142.6mgg-1·h-1、98.7mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference；Early spring stubble embodiment 4, comparative example 7 are respectively 123.8mgg-1·h-1、 94.5mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference.
Root knot nematode disease disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 4, comparative example 7 are respectively 0,4.9%, significant difference；Early spring stubble is real Apply example 4, comparative example 7 is respectively 0,8.3%, significant difference.
After early spring stubble harvest, the salt content of matrix is detected, embodiment 4 is 0.14%, and comparative example 7 is 0.31%, salinity Content has been more than critical value, must replacement matrix.
7 two batches of embodiment 4, comparative example yield 667m2Respectively 24815.6kg, 18505.3kg, embodiment 4 is compared with comparative example 7 improve 34.1%, and 7 underproduction of comparative example is clearly.
Embodiment 5
In August, 2015 is in July, 2016.It is Mininangua shellfish shellfish for examination pumpkin variety.It is cultivated on the plot of embodiment 4 5th annual stubble time pumpkin, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 8
In August, 2015 is in July, 2016.It is Mininangua shellfish shellfish for examination pumpkin variety.The matrix of comparative example 7 is more renewed Continue the annual stubble time pumpkin of cultivation the 5th after matrix, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as comparative example 1.The discrete phase of new matrix and comparative example 1 Together.
The plant root vigor of 45 days measurements embodiments 5 and comparative example 8 after field planting；It investigates root knot nematode disease field and feelings occurs Condition；Investigate matrix salination situation；Count pumpkin yield.Test result is referring to table 5.
5 embodiment 5 of table autumn and winter stubble corresponding with the cultural method of comparative example 8 and early spring stubble pumpkin upgrowth situation
As shown in Table 5, plant root vigor, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 5, comparative example 8 are respectively 137.4mgg-1·h-1、 106.7mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference；Early spring stubble embodiment 5, comparative example 8 are respectively 125.2mgg-1·h-1、99.5mg· g-1·h-1, significant difference.
Root knot nematode disease disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 5, comparative example 8 are respectively 0,0；Early spring stubble embodiment 5, comparative example 8 Respectively 0,3.5%, significant difference.
After early spring stubble harvest, the salt content of matrix is detected, embodiment 5 is 0.16%, and comparative example 8 is 0.11%.
8 two batches of embodiment 5, comparative example yield 667m2Respectively 21208.6kg2, 17585.9kg, embodiment 5 is compared with comparative example 8 improve 20.6%.
Embodiment 6
In August, 2016 is in July, 2017.It is Mininangua cumquat melon for examination pumpkin variety.It is planted on the plot of embodiment 5 The 6th annual stubble time pumpkin is trained, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 9
In August, 2016 is in July, 2017.It is Mininangua cumquat melon for examination pumpkin variety.It is planted on the plot of comparative example 8 The 6th annual stubble time pumpkin is trained, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as comparative example 1.
The plant root vigor of 45 days measurements embodiments 6 and comparative example 9 after field planting；It investigates root knot nematode disease field and feelings occurs Condition；Investigate matrix salination situation；Count pumpkin yield.Test result is referring to table 6.
6 embodiment 6 of table autumn and winter stubble corresponding with the cultural method of comparative example 9 and early spring stubble pumpkin upgrowth situation
As shown in Table 6, through testing, plant root vigor, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 6, comparative example 9 are respectively 134.4mgg-1·h-1、101.7mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference；Early spring stubble embodiment 6, comparative example 9 are respectively 129.5mgg-1·h-1、 98.1mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference.
Root knot nematode disease disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 6, comparative example 9 are respectively 0,6.5%, significant difference；Early spring stubble is real Apply example 6, comparative example 9 is respectively 0,7.4%, significant difference.
After early spring stubble harvest, the salt content of matrix is detected, embodiment 6 is 0.17%, and comparative example 9 is 0.18%, comparison 9 degree of salinity of example is very fast.
9 two batches of embodiment 6, comparative example yield 667m2Respectively 20502.7kg, 16662.1kg, embodiment 6 is compared with comparative example 9 improve 23.0%.
Embodiment 7
In August, 2017 is in July, 2018.It is Mininangua cumquat melon for examination pumpkin variety.It is mini for examination pumpkin variety Pumpkin cumquat melon.The annual stubble time pumpkin of cultivation the 7th on the plot of embodiment 6, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 10
In August, 2017 is in July, 2018.It is Mininangua cumquat melon for examination pumpkin variety.It is mini for examination pumpkin variety Pumpkin cumquat melon.The annual stubble time tomato of cultivation the 7th on the plot of comparative example 9, crops for rotation and cultural method are the same as comparative example 1.
The plant root vigor of 45 days measurements embodiments 7 and comparative example 10 after field planting；Root knot nematode disease field is investigated to occur Situation；Investigate matrix salination situation；Count pumpkin yield.Test result is referring to table 7.
7 embodiment 7 of table autumn and winter stubble corresponding with the cultural method of comparative example 10 and early spring stubble pumpkin upgrowth situation
As shown in Table 7, through testing, plant root vigor, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 7, comparative example 10 are respectively 135.5mgg-1·h-1、102.8mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference；Early spring stubble embodiment 7, comparative example 10 are respectively 123.4mgg-1·h-1、 98.7mg·g-1·h-1, significant difference.
Root knot nematode disease disease incidence, autumn and winter stubble embodiment 7, comparative example 10 are respectively 0,4.5%, significant difference；Early spring stubble Embodiment 7, comparative example 10 are respectively 0,8.1%, significant difference.
After early spring stubble harvest, the salt content of matrix is detected, embodiment 7 is 0.19%, and comparative example 10 is 0.28%, comparison 10 degree of salinity of example is very fast.
10 two batches of embodiment 7, comparative example yield 667m2Respectively 20258.2kg, 16839.7kg, embodiment 7 relatively compare Example 10 improves 20.3%.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of matrix of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin cultivation, which is characterized in that the matrix includes filling substrate and cultivation Matrix；
The filling substrate includes following raw material: carbonization rice husk and the first clinker；The volume of the carbonization rice husk and the first clinker Than 0.75~1: 1；
The cultivation matrix includes following raw material: sand, carbonization rice husk, coco bran and the second clinker；The sand, carbonization rice husk, Coco bran and the volume ratio of the second clinker are 5~10: 1~2: 1~2: 2~6；
The partial size of first clinker is 1~1.2cm；The partial size of second clinker is 0.5~0.8cm.
2. matrix according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the partial size of the sand is 0.8~2mm.
3. matrix according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the partial size of the coco bran is 3~5mm.
4. matrix according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the partial size of the carbonization rice husk is 2~4mm.
5. a kind of method for carrying out the cultivation of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin using matrix described in 4 any one of Claims 1 to 4, day Light greenhouse autumn and winter stubble --- early spring stubble bi-annual planting nixed planting, continuous more batches plantations, comprising the following steps:
1) cultivation bed is set in heliogreenhouse, isolation film, filling substrate, fly net and cultivation base are successively laid in cultivation bed Venthole, field planting groove south setting control ditch is arranged in matter, field planting groove north and south both ends；
2) autumn and winter stubble pumpkin field planting before, the matrix of the step 1) cultivation bed is first rinsed, then in matrix apply EM bacteria agent and Ammino acid liquid fertilizer；
3) field planting autumn and winter stubble pumpkin applies inducer, training, hanging tendril, harvest after field planting；
4) autumn and winter stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested first 30 days, and field planting early spring stubble pumpkin applies inducer, training, hanging tendril, harvest after field planting；
5) in step 1) cultivation bed matrix application athomin after early spring stubble is uprooted plants after their edible portions have been harvested, close plastic shed is carried out, later repeatedly step 2), step It is rapid 3) and step 4)；
6) step 2), step 3), step 4) and step 5) is repeated several times；
Filling substrate described in step 1) with a thickness of 3~7cm；Cultivation matrix described in step 1) with a thickness of 22~26cm； The aperture of fly net described in step 1) is 5~8 mesh；
In step 1), venthole is connected with filling substrate；Control ditch is connected to each field planting groove；
In step 3), the autumn and winter stubble pumpkin, late August to early September field planting, along each field planting groove two sides plant 2 rows, spacing in the rows 35~ 45cm, single climing training, 30 days vertical hanging tendrils after field planting, one end of lifting rope tie up to the base portion of tomato plant, and the other end ties up to field planting On hanger steel wire right above row, start November to harvest, is extended down to early and middle ten days in January and uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested to early Febuary；
In step 4), early spring stubble pumpkin, January early and middle ten days to early Febuary interplant in the autumn and winter stubble pumpkin in the ranks, uniline plantation, strain Away from 17.5~22.5cm, the climing branch of single pole, autumn and winter stubble pumpkin harvest is finished, and removes original plant branches and leaves immediately, and by new plant Hanging tendril is tilted to two sides, one end of lifting rope ties up to the base portion of pumpkin plant, and the other end ties up on hanger steel wire, adjacent 2 plants of difference It ties up on hanger steel wire different above field planting groove, starts April to harvest, mid-July uproots plants after their edible portions have been harvested；
In step 5), the close plastic shed be athomin apply matrix after cultivation bed cover mulch, close sunlight greenhouse vent 15~ 20 days, after remove mulch；
EM bacteria agent and ammino acid liquid fertilizer, inducer, athomin are applied by trickle irrigation.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the amount of application of EM bacteria agent described in step 2) be 1.4~ 1.8kg/667m2；Effective viable bacteria concentration is 250~35,000,000,000/g in EM bacteria agent described in step 2).
7. method according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that the amount of application of ammino acid liquid fertilizer described in step 2) is 2.5~2.8L/667m2；Content >=100g/L of amino acid in ammino acid liquid fertilizer described in step 2).
8. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, inducer described in step 3) and step 4) includes following matter Measure the raw material of part: 9~11 parts of 0.5~1.5 part of chitosan and poly- asparagus fern L-aminobutanedioic acid；The amount of application of the inducer be 35~ 37.5g/667m2。
9. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the dosage form of athomin described in step 5) is aqua；It is described The mass percentage of athomin is 15%~25%；The amount of application of athomin described in step 5) is 3~4.5L/667m2。
10. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the width of cultivation bed described in step 1) is 55~65cm； The depth of the cultivation bed is 28~32cm.
CN201910535504.6A 2019-06-13 2019-06-13 A kind of matrix and cultural method of the cultivation of salt-soda soil heliogreenhouse pumpkin Withdrawn CN110150088A (en)

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Application publication date: 20190823