CN108157161A - A kind of stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device and cultural method and application - Google Patents
A kind of stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device and cultural method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108157161A CN108157161A CN201810144569.3A CN201810144569A CN108157161A CN 108157161 A CN108157161 A CN 108157161A CN 201810144569 A CN201810144569 A CN 201810144569A CN 108157161 A CN108157161 A CN 108157161A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
- A01G31/06—Hydroponic culture on racks or in stacked containers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device and the methods of cultivation, it uses greenhouse gardening mode, and stereoscopic cultivating frame, temperature control system, irrigation system, Mead-Bauer recovery system are set in canopy.Stereoscopic cultivating frame is two layers of cultivation bed design of vertical type, and wherein cultivation bed has the function of to keep the temperature and reflective using pearl cotton of aluminizing as main material；Temperature control system heats matrix using carbon fiber heating wire；Mead-Bauer recovery system can be by extra rich water recycling.The cultural method of the present invention can make strawberry Rhizosphere temperature all-the-time stable in suitable range, and then promote root system development and keep root activity, improve liquid manure absorption efficiency as a result of temperature control system.Especially with the integrated application of the multiple technologies such as stereoscopic cultivating frame, irrigation system, heating system, efficiency cultivation technology for high, finally make strawberry robust growth, harvest time shift to an earlier date 10 20 days, fruit cleaning, safety, water-saving fertilizer-saving, more than 20% output increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, are related to a kind of crop cultivation methods, and in particular to a kind of strawberry
Cultivation device and cultural method and application.
Background technology
Strawberry is rose family Fragaria perennial evergreen herbaceous plant, and fruit category berries has very high nutriture value
Value occupies first in world's berries cultivated area and yield.In recent years, China's fresh food strawberry consumption figure and plantation amount were quick
Increase, farmer is by its acquisition compared with high yield.But in current production or based on soil cultivation, entire cultivation management process
Artificial operation with one's back bent is required for, labor intensity is big, limits the cultivation scale of peasant household.Meanwhile the increasing of soil cultivation number
Add, easily cause continuous cropping obstacle, influence economic benefit.In recent years, with China's agricultural population aging be on the rise, produce and
The continuous improvement of labor cost, there is an urgent need for promoting the cultivation mode of strawberry Labor-saving, to mitigate the labor intensity of the producer, improve
Efficiency enlarges the scale of operation.
With the fast development of city leisure agriculture, stereoscopic strawberry cultivation is as strawberry production and recreational tourism important model
Just gradually rise.Solid cultivation has the following advantages that：1st, the space availability ratio of facility is improved.The planting density of solid cultivation is suitable
In 2-4 times of the cultivation of traditional level land.2nd, improve plant strain growth environment.Solid cultivation can be detached from soil, and cultivation medium is selected more
Suitable for strawberry psychological need, there is good ventilative, retain water and nutrients performance the nutrient matrix without germ and weeds, prevent
Continuous cropping obstacle mitigates disease pest and weed.3rd, water-saving fertilizer-saving.Solid cultivation compares soil cultivation, and rich water can realize control accurate,
Not only fruit quality can have been improved but also can water-saving fertilizer-saving.4th, it saves labor, there is ornamental value.Stereoscopic strawberry cultivation, management operation saving of labor
It is laborsaving, and sightseeing is facilitated to pick, tourist does not have to bend over that strawberry can be picked, and compared with soil cultivation, strawberry overhangs in the air,
It is clean, beautiful, there is higher ornamental value, more meet agriculture of city type demand for development.5th, foodsafety is high.Solid cultivation phase
Have production environment clean hygienic than soil cultivation, disease pest and weed is light, and applications of pesticide amount is few, and fruit is safe.
But existing cultivating stand there is also some problems on material constructions cost, corollary apparatus：
（1）There are low space utilizations for individual layer cultivating stand, are colonized the problem of quantity is few, and benefit is low；A fonts cultivating stand and vertical more
There is cost is high, shading is serious etc. in layer cultivating stand；
（2）Solid cultivation is consistent substantially since departing from soil, rhizosphere of strawberry temperature is influenced by canopy room temperature with it.Winter
Canopy indoor night lowest air temperature is mostly 5-10 DEG C during season, under haze or rainy weather in canopy room day temperature mostly in 5-10
DEG C, the Rhizosphere temperature of solid cultivation strawberry cannot reach the demand temperature of strawberry root system normal vital in this case（15-25
℃）, and then influence absorption and final plant growing way and yield of the strawberry to nutrient.
Therefore, it is necessary on the basis of the prior art, a kind of reasonable in design, space availability ratio of design research and development
Height, while strawberry rhizospheric environment temperature can be promoted again so as to obtain the novel strawberry solid cultivation side of higher economic benefit
Case.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of materials easily to purchase, simple structure, beauty, practicality, has heating, warm guaranteed cost,
Space availability ratio is high, and water-saving saves fertilizer, strawberry high-efficient solid that is laborsaving, and developing with high-quality, high yield suitable agriculture of city type
Culture apparatus and cultural method.
In order to achieve the goal above, the invention discloses following technology contents:
A kind of stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device, it is characterised in that：Using greenhouse gardening mode, stereoscopic cultivating frame, temperature are set in canopy
Control system, irrigation system, Mead-Bauer recovery system；
The stereoscopic cultivating frame is Dual-layer structure, mainly including skeleton, the cultivation bed being fixed on skeleton, wherein, bone
Frame is welded by coating steel pipe, including cultivation bed skeleton 1-1, the column 1-2 of supporting culture slot skeleton, every outer heel post and
Pass through stabiliser bar 1-3 between interior heel post) connection, cultivating stand both ends column bottom end is connected by band iron 1-4 and is consolidated with tube expansion 1-5
Due on cement base 1-6, cultivation bed is fixed on edge by the drainage slot 1-7 in outside and the substrate grooves 1-8 of inside with clamp spring 1-9
On the card slot 1-10 on cultivation bed skeleton；
Temperature control system includes：Intelligent frequency-conversion temperature controller, main line and heater wire, wherein intelligent frequency-conversion temperature controller 2-1 are fixed on canopy room
On wall, main line 2-2 is used for lead and connection intelligent frequency-conversion temperature controller and heater wire, heater wire 2-3 at power supply and is paved on
In cultivation bed in matrix；
Irrigation system includes：Ratio fat absorption device stem, main pipeline, drip irrigation pipe, wherein ratio fat absorption device stem 3-1 are installed on water source
Place connects main pipeline 3-2, then is connect drip irrigation pipe 3-4 with main pipeline by hollow billet 3-3 later；
Mead-Bauer recovery system includes：Discharge pipe line, waste liquid pool, wherein discharge pipe line are by being installed on cultivation bed one end drainage slot bottom
The connector 4-1 in portion, drain header 4-2, the hollow billet 4-3 for connecting drain header and connector, supervisor one end are connected with waste liquid pool 4-4,
The other end is closed；
After hardware facility installs, prepared matrix by volume is filled into cultivation bed；Described prepares by volume
Matrix refer to matrix by turf, vermiculite, perlite, organic fertilizer by volume 6：2 ：2 ：1 mixing composition.During field planting, adopt
With matrix seedling, two rows, seeding row spacing 16*20cm are colonized per slot；Field planting starts to carry out pipe with reference to efficiency cultivation technology for high after 7-10 days
Reason.
Cultivation bed skeleton 1-1 of the present invention, column 1-2, stabiliser bar 1-3 material be that 3/4 inch of national standard is zinc-plated
Steel pipe, and electricity consumption welder forms；The card slot 1-10 is mounted on using self-tapping screw on cultivation bed skeleton 1-1.
The spacing of column 1-2 of the present invention is 2 meters, to save material while playing a supporting role；Described
Heater wire 2-3 uses carbon fibre material, has the characteristics of non-conductive, security performance is high；The depth of the substrate grooves 1-8 is
The depth of 20cm, drainage slot 1-7 are 30cm.
The width of cultivation bed skeleton 1-1 of the present invention is 30cm, and length can be depending on greenhouse actual conditions；Institute
The substrate grooves 1-8 materials stated are 90 mesh fly nets, and can either hold matrix makes it be not easy to leak, and with good gas permeability
Energy.
Drainage slot 1-7 materials of the present invention are the two-sided pearl cotton of aluminizing of 3mm thickness, have both had good heat-insulated guarantor
Warm nature energy, and the effect for increasing illumination can be played by reflective；Intelligent frequency-conversion temperature controller 2-1 is used to adjust and temperature is controlled to exist
18℃。
The present invention is because of the bilevel difference in height of cultivating stand, and uneven for upper and lower layer is avoided to irrigate, dropper pipeline is divided into
Layer and lower floor's two-way, when irrigation, perform respectively.Ratio fat absorption device stem 3-1 uses import venturi type adjustable high-precision ratio
Fertilizer applicator without power supply, has energy saving and convenience；The drip irrigation pipe 3-4 is using Israel import wall thickness 1mm, diameter
The drip irrigation pipe for being 1L/h for 16mm, pitch-row 15cm, single hole flow.
Waste liquid pool 4-4 of the present invention is located at canopy room side, capacity 3m3, with concrete, it is brick into or directly dig out soil
Pond is simultaneously laid with the plastic greenhouse film of 8-10 in it.
The present invention further discloses the methods cultivated using stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device, it is characterised in that by as follows
The step of carry out：
（1）In annual early September, matrix seedling is selected to start to plant, the previous day is colonized, by cultivation base filled in cultivation bed
Matter sprinkles profoundly water, during field planting, by matrix seedling stem in the cultivation matrix in the oblique embedment cultivation bed of lower portion, and court of Strawberry Seedlings bow portion
Outside is colonized two rows per slot, and seeding row spacing 16*20cm pours a water after field planting, later every morning opens a dropper, every time
0.7m3/7000 plants, meet rainy days moisture content scatter and disappear few situation take the circumstances into consideration reduce water；The cultivation matrix refer to matrix by
Turf, vermiculite, perlite, dried poultrymanure by volume 6：2 ：2 ：1 mixing composition.
（2）After strawberry new life blade reaches 3, Strawberry Seedlings are filled by the frequency of 3-4 times weekly using irrigation system
Fertilising is irrigate, seedling stage selects Green Kai Er N:P:K=17:4:17 full nutrition Water soluble fertilizer, according to rich water than 1:1500 ratio is applied
With fertilizer amount is 0.5kg/ times/7000 plants；Start after two weeks to squaring period by rich water than 1:1200 ratio fertilising, dosage are
0.7kg/ times/7000 plants；Florescence is by rich water than 1:1000 ratio fertilising, dosage are 0.7kg/ times/7000 plants；The phase bear fruit extremely
Expanding stage selects Green Kai Er N:P:K=13:5:15 full nutrition Water soluble fertilizer, by rich water than 1:1000 ratio fertilising, dosage are
0.8 kg/ times/7000 plants；Fruit veraison selects Green Kai Er N:P:K =17:9:34 full nutrition Water soluble fertilizer, by rich water ratio
1:1000 ratio fertilising, dosage are 0.8kg/ times/7000 plants.The Green Kai Er（Brand）Full nutrition Water soluble fertilizer has
It is commercially available.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
There is main disease on cultivated strawberry：Root rot, anthracnose, powdery mildew, gray mold, wherein anthracnose and root rot are main
Germ is carried by soil-borne or seedling.Soil should carry out fumigation in the 6-8 months；Preventing seedling carrying germ can be before field planting
Be stained with root with 800 times of liquid of 75% Bravo, 800 times of liquid or 70% thiophanate-methyl, if after planting seedlings survive find have root rot or
The plant wilting phenomena of mortality caused by anthracnose, should immediately pull out diseased plant, and spreading fertilizer over the fields quick lime prevents germ from expanding in the soil
It dissipates, 30% first frost hymexazol, 1000 times of liquid, 800 times of liquid of+33.5% copper 8-hydroxyquinolinate should be used when reaching more than 5% such as incidence with 200ML/
The dose of strain carries out full garden pouring root, prevents disease from further spreading.10/mu of sulfurator is placed after into winter, weekly
It smokes twice, each 4-5h, to prevent powdery mildew.
There is main insect pest on cultivated strawberry：Aphid, tetranychid, thrips etc., to before covering film after seedling slow seedling, as possible by worm
Evil prevention is thorough, and less toxic chemical agent can be used, into flowering fruit bearing stage after should use biological control method.
The various common chemical prevention medicaments of pest and disease damage are as follows：
Anthracnose：25% 1000 times of Prochloraz liquid, 24% benzoxazole, 2000 times of liquid, 75% 3000 times of liquid of oxime bacterium Tebuconazole.
Powdery mildew：50% 2000 times of Fluoxastrobin liquid, 30g/ mus of 25% pyraclostrobin, 36% 40g/ mus of nitre benzene bacterium emulsifiable concentrate.
Gray mold：62% 2000 times of liquid of cyprodinil fludioxonils, 50% iprodione, 1000 times of liquid, 1000 times of 40% pyrimethanil
Liquid, 300g/ mus of 10% procymidone fumigant.
Aphid：50% 1000 times of pymetrozine liquid, 22% sulfoxaflor, 75% imidacloprid, 5000 times of liquid, 1000 times of 5% Acetamiprid
Liquid.
Tetranychid：20% 2000 times of cyflumetofen missible oil liquid, 11% etoxazole, 3000 times of liquid, 24% Envidor 3000 times of liquid, 1.8%
3000 times of liquid of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 10% capillary, 1500 times of liquid.
Thrips：6% 2000 times of ethyl spinosad liquid, 20g/ mus of 6% ethyl spinosad, 10% bromine cyanogen insect amide 30g/
Mu, 25% Biphenthrin, 1000 times of liquid.
The common physical control of various pest and disease damages or biological control method are as follows：
Anthracnose：0.5% 200-500 times of jamaicin liquid, 10,000,000,000 300 times of liquid of CFU/ grams of bacillus subtilis, 10% Ningnanmycin
750 times of liquid.
Powdery mildew：10000000000 300 times of liquid of CFU/ grams of bacillus subtilis, 2% Wuyiencin, 600 times of liquid, 1% Osthole 500
Times liquid.
Gray mold：300000000 300 times of CFU/g trichoderma harzianums liquid, 10,000,000,000 300 times of liquid of CFU/ grams of bacillus subtilis.
Aphid：600-800 times of Encarsia formosa, harmonia axyridia, 1.5% pyrethrin, 500 times of liquid, 1.3% matrine liquid.
Tetranychid：1.3% 600-800 times of matrine liquid, 0.3% nimbin, 1000 times of liquid, 87% 500-1000 times of pine tar missible oil
Liquid.
Thrips：Blue is stained with worm plate, 0.3% nimbin, 1000 times of liquid, 7.5% rotenone, 1000 times of liquid.
Green worm, leaf moth class：1000 times of liquid of 16000iu/mg Dipels, 1.5% pyrethrin, 500 times of liquid, 5,000,000,000 PIB/
Milliliter 800 times of liquid of nuclear polyhedrosis virus.
（4）Foliar fertilizer management：3 young leaves of expansion start after strawberry field planting, and a foliar fertilizer was sprayed every 7-10 days, including
1 ‰ calcareous fertilisers, 1 ‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphates, the acids containing seaweed nutritional agents etc.；Budding first 10 days and spray 1 ‰ boraxs.
（5）Annual mid or late October enters the florescence, enters picking time December, the best fruiting period continues up to from mid-December
Mid-May next year.
The present invention is using double-deck strawberry cultivation device, primarily to solving the space availability ratio of individual layer cultivating stand
The low, problems such as multilayer cultivating stand is of high cost, shading is serious, single plant yield is low realize the best solution of input and output.
Preferably, the depth of drainage slot is 30cm, using the two-sided pearl cotton of aluminizing of 3 millimeters thicks；Substrate grooves
The depth of slot is 20cm, width 30cm, and the length of cultivation bed can be depending on greenhouse developed width.During practical application, base
Filled with strawberry culture substrate in matter slot, preferably, matrix is by turf, vermiculite, perlite, dried poultrymanure by volume 6：2 ：
2 ：1 mixing composition.
Of the invention further disclose is improving strawberry using the method that stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device is cultivated
Resist the application in terms of adverse weather ability improves yield and fruit quality.Experimental result is shown：The present invention cultural method by
In employing temperature control system, strawberry Rhizosphere temperature can be made to begin to stablize in suitable range, and then promote root system development
With holding root activity, liquid manure absorption efficiency is improved.Especially with stereoscopic cultivating frame, irrigation system, heating system, efficiently
The integrated application of the multiple technologies such as cultivation technique finally may be such that yield of strawberry improves more than 20%.
Bilayer strawberry cultivation device provided by the invention has compared with the wider single layered stereo cultivating stand of application at present
It has the advantage that：
（1）The frame spacing of bilayer strawberry cultivation device of the present invention is relative to individual layer cultivating stand bigger, convenient for farming
Operation and recreational tourism.
（2）Bilayer strawberry cultivation device of the present invention improves the space availability ratio of canopy room, mu field planting seedling
Quantity increases by 20% compared with soil cultivation, increases by 30% compared with H-type individual layer cultivating stand.
（3）Bilayer strawberry cultivation device of the present invention, outermost drainage slot employ pearl cotton of aluminizing
Material has thermal and insulating performance, is used cooperatively, has the function of energy saving with heating system；Aluminize pearl cotton also simultaneously
With reflection natural light so as to enhance the photosynthetic function of strawberry.
Strawberry highly effective stereo cultivating method of the present invention has the following advantages that compared with soil cultivation：
（1）Strawberry highly effective stereo cultivating method of the present invention as a result of temperature control system, can make strawberry rhizosphere
In the range that temperature stablizes suitable one always, and then the root system of strawberry stalwartness is kept, improve strawberry and resist not
Good weather（Overcast and rainy, haze）Ability, reduce pest and disease damage generation, improve yield and fruit quality.
（2）Strawberry highly effective stereo cultivating method of the present invention, as a result of the good cultivation bed of air permeable humidity retaining
With substrate culture technology, with reference to efficient accurate irrigation system, utilization rate of fertilizer is improved, fertilizer 20% can be saved.
（3）Strawberry highly effective stereo cultivating method of the present invention, due to stereoscopic cultivating frame, irrigation system, heating system,
The cooperation of the various technologies such as efficiency cultivation technology for high is implemented, and finally may be such that yield of strawberry improves 20%.
Possessed good effect in order to further illustrate the present invention, provide with soil plant compared with cultivation example (with
For beauty's kind, soil is clay loam)：
（1）The cost analysis compared with soil cultivation（The ㎡ of ten thousand yuan/year/667）
Data explanation：Cultivating stand design service life 10 years or more, averagely to annual cost for 60,000 yuan/10 years=0.6 ten thousand yuan/
Year；Matrix design service life 5 years is 1.5 ten thousand yuan/5 years=0.3 ten thousand yuan/year averagely to annual cost；Designing of heating system
Service life 10 years or more is 20,000 yuan/10 years=0.2 ten thousand yuan/year averagely to annual cost；Irrigation system and devil liquor recovery system
System design service life 5 years, the present invention averagely arrive annual cost to be respectively 0.3 ten thousand yuan/5 years=0.06 ten thousand yuan/year, 0.2 ten thousand
Member/5 years=0.04 ten thousand yuan/year, soil cultivation irrigation system are 0.15 ten thousand yuan/5 years=0.03 ten thousand yuan/year.
（2）The Economic and Efficiency Analysis compared with soil cultivation（The ㎡ of ten thousand yuan/year/667）
Total income=strawberry be averaged single plant yield * total strain numbers * unit price, economic benefit=total income-totle drilling cost
Strawberry seedling quantity of the present invention be 12000 plants, actual average single plant yield be 0.3kg, sale average unit price by 60 yuan/
Kg, always=216000 yuan, i.e., 21.6 ten thousand yuan
- 3.165 ten thousand yuan=18.435 ten thousand yuan of economic benefit=21.6 ten thousand yuan
Soil cultivation strawberry seedling quantity be 7500 plants, actual average single plant yield be 0.3kg, sale average unit price for 60 yuan/
Kg, always=135000 yuan, i.e., 13.5 ten thousand yuan
- 1.105 ten thousand yuan=12.395 ten thousand yuan of economic benefit=13.5 ten thousand yuan
It summarizes：I.e. the present invention is 18.435 ten thousand yuan -12.395 ten thousand yuan=6.04 ten thousand yuan compared to soil cultivation, newly-increased economic benefit,
Increasing Efficiency reaches 6.04 ten thousand yuan/12.395 ten thousand yuan * 100%=48.7%.
（3）Phenological period and fruit properties analysis compared with soil cultivation
As seen from the above table, due to being better than soil in terms of matrix physical arrangement, more conducively absorption of the strawberry root system to nutrient makes
Of the invention must yielding positive results compared to soil cultivation, morning, the hardness of fruit and mean fruit weight improve, sugar-acid ratio improves, that is, improve grass
The palatability and quality of certain kind of berries fruit.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of double-deck stereoscopic strawberry cultivation frame provided by the invention；
Wherein：
1-1 is cultivation bed skeleton；1-2 is column；1-3 is stabiliser bar；
1-4 is band iron；1-5 is that account pipe 1-6 is cement base
It is substrate grooves 1-9 is clamp spring that 1-7, which is drainage slot 1-8,
1-10 is card slot
2-1 is that the intelligent frequency-conversion temperature controller 2-2 2-3 that serve as theme are heater wire
It is main pipeline 3-3 is hollow billet that 3-1, which is ratio fat absorption device stem 3-2,
3-4 is drip irrigation pipe
It is drain header 4-3 is hollow billet that 4-1, which is connector 4-2,
4-4 is waste liquid pool.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate
It the present invention rather than limits the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to of the invention each
The modification of kind equivalent form falls within the application range as defined in the appended claims.Raw material turf used in the present invention,
Vermiculite, perlite, dried poultrymanure, organic fertilizer, full nutrition Water soluble fertilizer（Trade name）It is commercially available.Anthracnose, leaf abnormal pigmentary deposit on the skin disease, white powder
Disease, aphid, tetranychid, thrips pest and disease damage pesticide etc. be commercially available.
Embodiment 1
A kind of stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device, including use greenhouse gardening mode, in canopy set stereoscopic cultivating frame, temperature control system,
Irrigation system, Mead-Bauer recovery system；
The stereoscopic cultivating frame is Dual-layer structure, mainly including skeleton, the cultivation bed being fixed on skeleton, wherein, bone
Frame is welded by coating steel pipe, including cultivation bed skeleton 1-1, the column 1-2 of supporting culture slot skeleton, every outer heel post and
It is connected between interior heel post by stabiliser bar 1-3, cultivating stand both ends column bottom end is connected by band iron 1-4 and fixed with tube expansion 1-5
In on cement base 1-6, cultivation bed is fixed on clamp spring 1-9 and is inlayed by the drainage slot 1-7 in outside and the substrate grooves 1-8 of inside
On card slot 1-10 on cultivation bed skeleton；Cultivation bed skeleton 1-1, column 1-2, stabiliser bar 1-3 material be 3/4 inch of state
Coating steel pipe is marked, and electricity consumption welder forms；The card slot 1-10 using self-tapping screw be mounted on cultivation bed skeleton 1-1 it
On.
Temperature control system includes：Intelligent frequency-conversion temperature controller, main line and heater wire, wherein intelligent frequency-conversion temperature controller 2-1 are fixed on
On canopy room wall, main line 2-2 is used for lead and connection intelligent frequency-conversion temperature controller and heater wire, heater wire 2-3 pavings at power supply
Loaded in matrix in cultivation bed；The spacing of column 1-2 is 2 meters, to save material while playing a supporting role；Described adds
Hot line 2-3 uses carbon fibre material, has the characteristics of non-conductive, security performance is high；The depth of the substrate grooves 1-8 is
The depth of 20cm, drainage slot 1-7 are 30cm.
The width of cultivation bed skeleton 1-1 is 30cm, and length can be depending on greenhouse actual conditions；The substrate grooves 1-
8 materials are 90 mesh fly nets, and can either hold matrix makes it be not easy to leak, and with good permeability.
Drainage slot 1-7 materials are the two-sided pearl cotton of aluminizing of 3mm thickness, not only with good heat preservation and insulation, but also energy
The effect for increasing illumination is played by reflective；Intelligent frequency-conversion temperature controller 2-1 is used to adjust and control temperature at 17 DEG C.
Irrigation system includes：Ratio fat absorption device stem, main pipeline, drip irrigation pipe, wherein ratio fat absorption device stem 3-1 are installed on
At water source, main pipeline 3-2 is connected later, then connect drip irrigation pipe 3-4 with main pipeline by hollow billet 3-3；
Mead-Bauer recovery system includes：Discharge pipe line, waste liquid pool, wherein discharge pipe line are by being installed on cultivation bed one end drainage slot bottom
The connector 4-1 in portion, drain header 4-2, the hollow billet 4-3 for connecting drain header and connector, supervisor one end are connected with waste liquid pool 4-4,
The other end is closed；After hardware facility installs, prepared matrix by volume is filled into cultivation bed；It is described by volume
Prepared matrix refers to matrix by turf, vermiculite, perlite, organic fertilizer by volume 6：2 ：2 ：1 mixing composition.It is useless
Liquid pool 4-4 is located at canopy room side, capacity 3m3, with concrete, it is brick into or directly dig out Tu Chi and be laid with 8-10 in it
Plastic greenhouse film.During field planting, using matrix seedling, two rows, seeding row spacing 18*20cm are colonized per slot；Field planting starts to combine after 7-10 days
Efficiency cultivation technology for high is managed.
The present invention is because of the bilevel difference in height of cultivating stand, and uneven for upper and lower layer is avoided to irrigate, dropper pipeline is divided into
Layer and lower floor's two-way, when irrigation, perform respectively.Ratio fat absorption device stem 3-1 uses import venturi type adjustable high-precision ratio
Fertilizer applicator without power supply, has energy saving and convenience；The drip irrigation pipe 3-4 is using Israel import wall thickness 1mm, diameter
The drip irrigation pipe for being 1L/h for 16mm, pitch-row 15cm, single hole flow.
Embodiment 2
The application method of double-deck stereoscopic strawberry cultivation frame：
A kind of method cultivated using stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device, it is characterised in that carried out by the steps：
（1）In annual September 1 day or so, matrix Plug seedling is selected to start to plant, be colonized the previous day, it will be filled in cultivation bed
Cultivation matrix sprinkles profoundly water, during field planting, by matrix seedling stem in the cultivation matrix in the oblique embedment cultivation bed of lower portion, and Strawberry Seedlings
Bow portion is colonized two rows per slot towards outside, seeding row spacing 16*20cm, poured after field planting one time it is permeable, later every morning opens primary drop
Pipe, it is 0.7m3/7000 plant each, meet rainy days moisture content scatter and disappear few situation take the circumstances into consideration reduction water；The cultivation matrix refers to
Matrix is by turf, vermiculite, perlite, dried poultrymanure by volume 6：2 ：2 ：1 mixing composition.
（2）After strawberry new life blade reaches 3, Strawberry Seedlings are filled by the frequency of 3-4 times weekly using irrigation system
Fertilising is irrigate, seedling stage selects Green Kai Er N:P:K=17:4:17 full nutrition Water soluble fertilizer, according to rich water than 1:1500 ratio is applied
With fertilizer amount is 0.5kg/ times/7000 plants；Start after two weeks to squaring period by rich water than 1:1200 ratio fertilising, dosage are
0.7kg/ times/7000 plants；Florescence is by rich water than 1:1000 ratio fertilising, dosage are 0.7kg/ times/7000 plants；The phase bear fruit extremely
Expanding stage selects Green Kai Er N:P:K=13:5:15 full nutrition Water soluble fertilizer, by rich water than 1:1000 ratio fertilising, dosage are
0.8 kg/ times/7000 plants；Fruit veraison selects Green Kai Er N:P:K =17:9:34 full nutrition Water soluble fertilizer, by rich water ratio
1:1000 ratio fertilising, dosage are 0.8kg/ times/7000 plants.The Green Kai Er（Brand）Full nutrition Water soluble fertilizer has
It is commercially available.
（3）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
August carries out canopy room and soil sunning sterilization, is stained with root using 70% thiophanate-methyl, 800 times of liquid before planting seedlings, plant has
There is 3-4 piece young leaves to squirt within every 10 days a pest control chemicals, the following (root of different pest control chemicals before starting to the florescence
Factually the situation on border is selected)：
Anthracnose：25% 1000 times of Prochloraz liquid, 24% benzoxazole, 2000 times of liquid, 75% 3000 times of liquid of oxime bacterium Tebuconazole.
Powdery mildew：50% 2000 times of Fluoxastrobin liquid, 30g/ mus of 25% pyraclostrobin, 36% 40g/ mus of nitre benzene bacterium emulsifiable concentrate.
Gray mold：62% 2000 times of liquid of cyprodinil fludioxonils, 50% iprodione, 1000 times of liquid, 1000 times of 40% pyrimethanil
Liquid, 300g/ mus of 10% procymidone fumigant.
Aphid：50% 1000 times of pymetrozine liquid, 22% sulfoxaflor, 75% imidacloprid, 5000 times of liquid, 1000 times of 5% Acetamiprid
Liquid.
Tetranychid：20% 2000 times of cyflumetofen missible oil liquid, 11% etoxazole, 3000 times of liquid, 24% Envidor 3000 times of liquid, 1.8%
3000 times of liquid of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 10% capillary, 1500 times of liquid.
Thrips：6% 2000 times of ethyl spinosad liquid, 20g/ mus of 6% ethyl spinosad, 10% bromine cyanogen insect amide 30g/
Mu, 25% Biphenthrin, 1000 times of liquid.
Florescence to the phase of uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested, to ensure fruit security quality, using the generation of the pre- preventing disease and pest of the method for biological control, respectively
The common physical control of kind pest and disease damage or biological control method are as follows：
Anthracnose：0.5% 200-500 times of jamaicin liquid, 10,000,000,000 300 times of liquid of CFU/ grams of bacillus subtilis, 10% Ningnanmycin
750 times of liquid.
Powdery mildew：10000000000 300 times of liquid of CFU/ grams of bacillus subtilis, 2% Wuyiencin, 600 times of liquid, 1% Osthole 500
Times liquid.
Gray mold：300000000 300 times of CFU/g trichoderma harzianums liquid, 10,000,000,000 300 times of liquid of CFU/ grams of bacillus subtilis.
Aphid：600-800 times of Encarsia formosa, harmonia axyridia, 1.5% pyrethrin, 500 times of liquid, 1.3% matrine liquid.
Tetranychid：1.3% 600-800 times of matrine liquid, 0.3% nimbin, 1000 times of liquid, 87% 500-1000 times of pine tar missible oil
Liquid.
Thrips：Blue is stained with worm plate, 0.3% nimbin, 1000 times of liquid, 7.5% rotenone, 1000 times of liquid.
Green worm, leaf moth class：1000 times of liquid of 16000iu/mg Dipels, 1.5% pyrethrin, 500 times of liquid, 5,000,000,000 PIB/
Milliliter 800 times of liquid of nuclear polyhedrosis virus.
（4）Foliar fertilizer management：3 young leaves of expansion start after strawberry field planting, a foliar fertilizer are sprayed every 7 days, including 1 ‰
Calcareous fertilisers, 1 ‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphates, the acids containing seaweed nutritional agents etc.；Budding first 10 days and spray 1 ‰ boraxs.
（5）Enter the florescence annual 25 days or so October, enter picking time on December 10 or so, the best fruiting period from mid-December one
Directly it is extended to mid-May next year.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device, it is characterised in that：Using greenhouse gardening mode, set in canopy stereoscopic cultivating frame,
Temperature control system, irrigation system, Mead-Bauer recovery system；
The stereoscopic cultivating frame is Dual-layer structure, mainly including skeleton, the cultivation bed being fixed on skeleton, wherein, bone
Frame is welded by coating steel pipe, including cultivation bed skeleton（1-1）, supporting culture slot skeleton column（1-2）, every it is outer edge-on
It is connected between column and interior heel post by stabiliser bar (1-3), cultivating stand both ends column bottom end is by band iron（1-4）It connects and uses swollen
Pipe (1-5) be fixed on cement base (1-6), cultivation bed by outside drainage slot（1-7）With the substrate grooves of inside（1-8）
Use clamp spring（1-9）It is fixed on the card slot being embedded on cultivation bed skeleton（1-10）On；
Temperature control system includes：Intelligent frequency-conversion temperature controller, main line and heater wire, wherein intelligent frequency-conversion temperature controller（2-1）It is fixed on canopy
On the wall of room, main line（2-2）For the lead at power supply and connection intelligent frequency-conversion temperature controller and heater wire, heater wire（2-3）
It is paved in cultivation bed in matrix；
Irrigation system includes：Ratio fat absorption device stem, main pipeline, drip irrigation pipe, wherein ratio fat absorption device stem（3-1）It is installed on water
At source, main pipeline is connected later（3-2）, then pass through hollow billet（3-3）By drip irrigation pipe（3-4）It is connect with main pipeline；
Mead-Bauer recovery system includes：Discharge pipe line, waste liquid pool, wherein discharge pipe line are by being installed on cultivation bed one end drainage slot bottom
The connector in portion（4-1）, drain header（4-2）, connection drain header and connector hollow billet（4-3）, supervisor one end and waste liquid pool（4-
4）It is connected, other end closing；
After hardware facility installs, prepared matrix by volume is filled into cultivation bed；Described prepares by volume
Matrix refer to by turf, vermiculite, perlite, organic fertilizer by volume 6：2 ：2 ：1 mixing composition；
During field planting, using matrix Plug seedling, two rows, seeding row spacing 16*20cm are colonized per slot；Field planting starts to combine efficient after 7-10 days
Cultivation technique is managed.
2. the stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cultivation bed skeleton (1-1), vertical
Column (1-2), stabiliser bar（1-3）Material be 3/4 inch of national standard coating steel pipe, and electricity consumption welder forms；The card slot
（1-10）Cultivation bed skeleton is mounted on using self-tapping screw（1-1）On.
3. the stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the column（1-2）Spacing be 2
Rice, to save material while playing a supporting role；The heater wire（2-3）Using carbon fibre material, have non-conductive
The characteristics of property, security performance is high；The substrate grooves（1-8）Depth for 20cm, drainage slot（1-7）Depth be 30cm.
4. the stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cultivation bed skeleton（1-1）'s
Width is 30cm, and length can be depending on greenhouse actual conditions；The substrate grooves（1-8）Material is 90 mesh fly nets, both
Matrix, which can be held, makes it be not easy to leak, and with good permeability.
5. the stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the drainage slot（1-7）Material
For the two-sided pearl cotton of aluminizing of 3mm thickness, not only with good heat preservation and insulation, but also illumination can be increased to play by reflective
Effect；Intelligent frequency-conversion temperature controller（2-1）For adjusting and controlling temperature at 17 DEG C.
6. the stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that because of the bilevel height of cultivating stand
Difference, uneven for upper and lower layer is avoided to irrigate, dropper pipeline is divided into the upper and lower two-way, and when irrigation performs respectively.
7. stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that ratio fat absorption device stem（3-1）Using into
Mouth venturi type adjustable high-precision ratio fertilizer applicator without power supply, has energy saving and convenience；The drip irrigation pipe（3-
4）Use Israel import wall thickness 1mm, a diameter of 16mm, pitch-row 10cm, single hole flow for 1L/h drip irrigation pipe.
8. stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that waste liquid pool（4-4）Positioned at canopy room side,
Capacity 3m3, with concrete, it is brick into or directly dig out Tu Chi and the plastic greenhouse film of 8-10 be laid in it.
9. the method that stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device according to claim 1 is cultivated, it is characterised in that by following step
It is rapid to carry out：
（1）In annual early September, matrix Plug seedling is selected to start to plant, the previous day is colonized, by cultivation filled in cultivation bed
Matrix sprinkles profoundly water, during field planting, by matrix seedling stem in the cultivation matrix in the oblique embedment cultivation bed of lower portion, and Strawberry Seedlings bow portion
Towards outside, be colonized two rows per slot, seeding row spacing 16*20cm, poured after field planting one time it is permeable, later every morning opens a dropper, often
It is 0.7m3/7000 plants secondary, meet rainy days moisture content scatter and disappear few situation take the circumstances into consideration reduce water；The cultivation matrix refers to matrix
By turf, vermiculite, perlite, dried poultrymanure by volume 6：2 ：2 ：1 mixing composition；
（2）After strawberry new life blade reaches 3, Strawberry Seedlings irrigate by the frequency of 3-4 times weekly using irrigation system and are applied
Fertilizer, seedling stage select Green Kai Er N:P:K=17:4:17 full nutrition Water soluble fertilizer, according to rich water than 1:1500 ratio application, fertilizer
Measure is 0.5kg/ times/7000 plants；Start after two weeks to squaring period by rich water than 1:1200 ratio fertilising, dosage 0.7kg/
It is secondary/7000 plants；Florescence is by rich water than 1:1000 ratio fertilising, dosage are 0.7kg/ times/7000 plants；The phase bear fruit to expanding stage
Select Green Kai Er N:P:K=13:5:15 full nutrition Water soluble fertilizer, by rich water than 1:1000 ratio fertilising, dosage 0.8
Kg/ times/7000 plants；Fruit veraison selects Green Kai Er N:P:K =17:9:34 full nutrition Water soluble fertilizer, by rich water than 1:
1000 ratio fertilising, dosage are 0.8kg/ times/7000 plants；
（3）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
There is main disease on cultivated strawberry：Root rot, anthracnose, powdery mildew, gray mold, wherein anthracnose and root rot are main
Germ is carried by soil-borne or seedling, soil should carry out fumigation in the 6-8 months；Preventing seedling carrying germ can be before field planting
Be stained with root with 800 times of liquid of 75% Bravo, 800 times of liquid or 70% thiophanate-methyl, if after planting seedlings survive find have root rot or
The plant wilting phenomena of mortality caused by anthracnose, should immediately pull out diseased plant, and spreading fertilizer over the fields quick lime prevents germ from expanding in the soil
It dissipates, 30% first frost hymexazol, 1000 times of liquid, 800 times of liquid of+33.5% copper 8-hydroxyquinolinate should be used when reaching more than 5% such as incidence with 200ML/
The dose of strain carries out full garden pouring root, prevents disease from further spreading, into winter after place 10/mu of sulfurator, weekly
It smokes twice, each 4-5h, to prevent powdery mildew；
（5）Annual mid or late October enters the florescence, enters picking time December, the best fruiting period continues up to next year from mid-December
Mid-May.
It is bad that 10. the method that stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device is cultivated is used to be resisted in raising strawberry described in claim 9
Application in terms of weather ability raising yield and fruit quality.
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| CN112568009A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-30 | 科芯(天津)生态农业科技有限公司 | Strawberry planting device and planting method |
| CN112913676A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-06-08 | 福建省科技厅农牧业科研中试中心 | Strip-type soilless substrate cultivation device |
| CN115067334A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-20 | 浙江大学山东(临沂)现代农业研究院 | Greenhouse solanaceous vegetable pest and disease green prevention and control composition and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20180615 |