CN110149847B - Synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting - Google Patents
Synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting Download PDFInfo
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- CN110149847B CN110149847B CN201910589538.3A CN201910589538A CN110149847B CN 110149847 B CN110149847 B CN 110149847B CN 201910589538 A CN201910589538 A CN 201910589538A CN 110149847 B CN110149847 B CN 110149847B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/003—Transplanting machines for aquatic plants; for planting underwater, e.g. rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/04—Fertiliser distributors using blowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer applicators, in particular to a synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting; the device comprises a driving agricultural machine, a planting mechanism, a fertilizer discharging and conveying device, a ditching, fertilizing and earthing device and a fertilizing hose; the fertilizer is transmitted through the fertilizer hose connection between the fertilizer discharging and conveying device and the ditching, fertilizing and earthing device; the fertilizer discharging and conveying device adopts a common sheave mechanism in other fields of industry to realize intermittent rotation, so that the time length of a downward fertilizer accumulating groove for releasing fertilizer is greatly prolonged, and the more thorough falling of wet fertilizer under the action of gravity is ensured. Because the former designs into the protruding font that the upper shed is little, the end opening is big, and the strength blows off from the pipeline fast, after touchhing at the bottom of the ditch and ditch wall, the air current drives the platform that can touch protruding font middle part when fertilizer circles round to receive to block to fall back to the ditch in, the concentration of fertilizer obtains improving by a wide margin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer applicators, in particular to a synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting.
Background
The traditional fertilizing method for rice transplanting is to directly spread fertilizer, the fertilizer is volatile or runs off with water, so that the fertilizer is wasted, and chemical fertilizer components entering river channels and air can pollute the environment. The ditching deep application mode can reduce fertilizer waste and centralize fertilizer efficiency, thereby reducing fertilizer application amount. The synchronous side deep fertilization can be carried out while the rice is transplanted, and the rice transplanting and the fertilization can be completed at one time. The synchronous side deep fertilization of rice transplanting refers to a fertilization mode of intensively and uniformly applying fertilizers to soil with a certain depth while transplanting rice. The rice transplanting and synchronous fertilization can complete the fertilization operation at one time while transplanting, thereby saving the manual fertilizer spreading link, greatly reducing the labor intensity and saving the labor cost.
The deep application of the fertilizer is also beneficial to the absorption of the fertilizer in the rice growth period, can promote the growth and development of root systems, can prolong the fertilizer efficiency, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and ensure the supply of nutrients in the rice growth period, particularly in the later growth period. The concentrated fertilizer has the advantages that: the fertilizer has less contact with soil, high fertilizer concentration at the fertilizing position, less microorganism acquisition, less denitrification, more fertilizers capable of being absorbed and utilized by rice and high utilization rate.
However, when rice is transplanted, the machine is in a hot and high-humidity environment, the surfaces of fertilizer particles are wet and melted, and the fluidity is poor. In addition, the surface of fertilizer particles is wet and poor in fluidity when meeting rainy days in the fertilizing process.
After the fluidity is poor, longer gravity action time is needed to ensure that moist fertilizer particles are separated from the fertilizer discharging wheel, the conventional fertilizer applicator does uniform circular motion, the time for the fertilizer accumulating groove of the fertilizer discharging wheel to face downwards is short, the moist fertilizer cannot be separated from the fertilizer accumulating groove completely, and the fertilizing effect is poor.
In addition: the invention discloses a forming, ditching, deep fertilizing and earthing device for a paddy field in the patent number '201820743328.6', wherein a ditcher adopts a vertical translation mode, is adjusted vertically in a lead screw mode, the whole stress is on the lead screw, the upper end of the lead screw is fixed on a floating plate, and the stress at the joint of the floating plate is large and is very easy to damage.
There is another problem in the practical application of the above-mentioned patented products: during operation, fertilizer particles are conveyed in the pipeline in an auxiliary mode through the airflow of the fan. That is, in the former, the fertilizer particles are blown into the fertilizer groove by the airflow, the mixture of the fertilizer particles and the airflow in the groove has a certain speed, the soil on the inner surface of the soil groove is wet and sticky, most of the fertilizer particles can adhere to the groove wall under the impact force of the airflow, but due to the relatively high air force, a part of the fertilizer particles can be carried to the middle upper part of the groove wall or the outside of the groove by the disturbance of the airflow in the groove (generally, the air force is considered to be blown out from the pipeline rapidly, the airflow can swirl upwards after hitting the groove bottom and the groove wall, and the airflow in the groove is in a disturbed and disordered state), so that the concentrated deep fertilizing effect is poor. The fertilizer is applied in the following ideal mode: the depth is reasonable by concentrating at the bottom of the ditch. If a part of the fertilizer is applied to the upper middle part of the ditch or outside the ditch, the absorption and utilization of the part of the fertilizer are not favorable. In addition, if the fertilizer particles are not concentrated and contact with soil and microorganisms more, fertilizer elements are easily absorbed by the microorganisms, and nutrient elements absorbed by crops are temporarily reduced.
Although the above patent discloses the earthing plate, the mobility of earth is poor when ordinary earthing plate is earthing, especially when using in the paddy field, can not make the earth on ditch both sides flow to the position of fertile ditch better with the mud ditch landfill, the earthing effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rice transplanting synchronous fertilizer applicator with reasonable design and convenient use aiming at the defects and the defects of the prior art, which comprises a driving agricultural machine, a planting mechanism, a fertilizer discharging and conveying device, a ditching, fertilizing and earthing device and a fertilizing hose; the planting mechanism, the fertilizer discharging and conveying device and the ditching, fertilizing and earthing device are all arranged on a frame of the driving agricultural machine, and the planting mechanism, the fertilizer discharging and conveying device and the ditching, fertilizing and earthing device are driven to travel by the driving agricultural machine;
the fertilizer discharging and conveying device comprises: the fertilizer box, the sheave mechanism, the gear box, the driving motor, a plurality of fertilizer boxes, fertilizer wheels, fertilizer shafts, a steel frame and a fertilizer conveying pipe connecting pipe seat, wherein the number of the fertilizer wheels corresponds to that of the fertilizer boxes; a fertilizer box feed opening at the bottom of the fertilizer box and an upper opening of the fertilizer discharging box are in butt joint and detachably mounted and fixed; a plurality of fertilizer wheels are sleeved on one fertilizer shaft, and the fertilizer wheels are driven to rotate by the rotation of the fertilizer shaft; the fertilizer shaft penetrates through the plurality of fertilizer boxes, and a fertilizer wheel is correspondingly arranged in each fertilizer box; a plurality of fertilizer boxes are arranged side by side and fixed on the steel frame; the gear box and the driving motor are fixedly arranged on the steel frame; the driving motor drives the fertilizer discharging shaft to rotate through the transmission of the gear box and the sheave mechanism; a sheave driving disc of the sheave mechanism is arranged on a power output shaft of the gear box; a driven sheave disc of the sheave mechanism is arranged on the fertilizer discharging shaft; the grooved pulley driven disc is internally provided with an even number of pin grooves which are distributed along the center of the grooved pulley driven disc in an annular array; the surface of the outer ring of the fertilizer discharging wheel is provided with a plurality of fertilizer accumulating grooves, and the number of the fertilizer accumulating grooves is equal to the number of pin grooves in the grooved wheel driven disc; the fertilizer discharging wheel is driven by the sheave mechanism to do intermittent circular motion, one fertilizer accumulating groove faces upwards and the other fertilizer accumulating groove faces downwards in the intermittent motion; a fertilizer pipe connecting pipe seat is arranged at the bottom opening of the fertilizer discharging box;
the ditching fertilization and earthing device includes: the device comprises an electric push rod, a first pin shaft, a supporting arm, a furrow opener, a second pin shaft, a former, a fertilization tube seat, a fertilization tube joint and a soil covering device; the joint of the fertilizing tube is fixed on the upper part of the fertilizing tube seat; the top of the electric push rod is hinged to a frame of the driving agricultural machine; the bottom of the electric push rod is hinged with the top of the furrow opener by a first pin shaft; the bottom of the furrow opener is hinged with the bottom of the supporting arm by a second pin shaft; the top of the supporting arm is used for being welded and fixed with a cross beam of the driving agricultural machine; the bottom of the furrow opener is lower than the bottom surface of the rice floating plate; the fertilization tube seat is welded at the rear part of the supporting arm; the former is welded at the bottom of the fertilizing tube seat; the former is in a convex shape with a small upper opening and a large lower opening; the height of the bottom of the former is not lower than the highest height of the bottom of the furrow opener; the earth covering device is arranged on the floating plate, a tail plate of the earth covering device is bent downwards, the shape of the lower edge of the earth covering device for covering earth is a wavy line type, and a wave front is positioned right behind the forming device;
the fertilizer conveying pipe connecting pipe seat is connected with the fertilizer applying pipe joint through a fertilizer applying hose.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: it also comprises a fan and an air supply pipe; the fertilizer conveying pipe connecting pipe seat is a Venturi pipe, and three opening parts of the Venturi pipe are respectively a fertilizer discharging box connecting pipe, an air supply connecting pipe and a fertilizer conveying connecting pipe; the fan is arranged on the steel frame and is connected to the air supply connecting pipe through the air supply pipe; the fertilizer box connecting pipe is connected with a fertilizer outlet at the bottom of the fertilizer box; the fertilizer conveying connecting pipe is connected with the fertilizer conveying hose; the intersection angle between the fertilizer box connecting pipe and the air supply connecting pipe is an acute angle.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the number of pin grooves in the grooved pulley driven disc is six.
Preferably, the intersection angle α between the fertilizer box connecting pipe and the air supply connecting pipe is 45-70 degrees.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the bottom of the furrow opener is arc-shaped.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the bottom height of the former is equal to the highest height of the bottom of the furrow opener.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the surface of the fertilizing pipe joint is provided with anti-skid lines.
After adopting the structure, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting disclosed by the invention realizes intermittent rotation by adopting a common geneva gear in other industrial fields, the fertilizer accumulation groove is properly adjusted when the fertilizer discharging wheel is installed, and the intermittent motion principle of the geneva gear is combined, so that the time length of downward fertilizer release of the downward fertilizer accumulation groove is greatly prolonged, and the wet fertilizer can more thoroughly fall under the action of gravity. The fertilizer discharging mechanism of the sheave mechanism has simple structure, high cost and difficult failure.
2. The synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting adopts the design of annular array distribution of an even number of fertilizer accumulation grooves, ensures that one fertilizer accumulation groove faces downwards, the other fertilizer accumulation groove faces upwards, the waiting time of the upward fertilizer accumulation groove is synchronously pulled up, and wet fertilizer can more easily fill the upper fertilizer accumulation groove.
3. The rice transplanting synchronous fertilizer applicator adopts the design of a pneumatic blowing system of a Venturi tube, and when airflow flows through the throat of the Venturi tube, a downward suction force is generated in a connecting pipe of a fertilizer discharging box under the Venturi effect, so that the fertilizer is smoothly conveyed downwards. An acute angle is formed between the fertilizer discharging box connecting pipe and the air supply connecting pipe, so that the inclination of the fertilizer discharging box connecting pipe is ensured, the horizontal speed is kept after fertilizer particles enter a horizontal pipeline, and smooth conveying is facilitated.
4. The synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting provided by the invention adopts the design of the supporting arm, the furrow opener is suspended, the contact between the furrow opener and the floating plate is avoided, the resistance of the furrow opener during ditching is born by the supporting arm and the beam of the rice driving agricultural machine, and the damage of the floating plate is effectively avoided.
5. According to the synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting, the furrow opener adopts a hinged connection mode, the supporting arm and the electric push rod can share resistance in ditching at two ends of the furrow opener while the furrow opener can adjust ditching depth, and damage to a depth adjusting device caused by stress concentration is avoided.
6. According to the synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting, the former is designed into the convex shape with a small upper opening and a large lower opening, so that the pneumatic force is blown out from the pipeline quickly and touches the bottom and the wall of the ditch, and the airflow drives the fertilizer to rotate and touches the platform in the middle of the convex shape, so that the fertilizer is prevented from falling back into the ditch, and the concentration of the fertilizer is greatly improved.
7. According to the synchronous fertilizer distributor for rice transplanting, the lower edge of the bottom of the soil covering device used for covering soil is in a wave line shape, and the wave shape can increase the fluidity of soil in the forward sliding process of the soil covering device in the soil, so that the soil on two sides of a ditch can flow to the position of a fertilizer ditch to fill the soil ditch, and the soil covering effect is better.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the position relationship between the fertilizer-discharging and conveying device and the ditching, fertilizing and covering device;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the fertilizer placement and delivery apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the positional relationship between the fertilizer application case and the fertilizer application wheel according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is another angular view of FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the geneva gear of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the connecting tube seat of the fertilizer tube of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the fertilizer tube connection tube seat;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of the ditching, fertilizing and earthing device of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a front view of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the construction of the former of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the furrow opener of the present invention during adjustment of the furrowing depth;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the construction of the earth covering plate of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-fertilizer box, 2-fertilizer box feed opening, 3-sheave mechanism, 4-gear box, 5-driving motor, 6-fertilizer box, 7-fertilizer wheel, 8-fertilizer shaft, 9-steel frame, 10-fertilizer pipe connecting pipe seat, 11-fan, 12-air supply pipe, 13-floating plate, 14-beam, 15-electric push rod, 16-first pin shaft, 17-supporting arm, 18-furrow opener, 19-second pin shaft, 20-former, 21-fertilizer pipe seat, 22-fertilizer pipe joint, 23-soil covering device, 55-driving agricultural machine, 66-planting mechanism, 77-fertilizer discharging and conveying device, 88-ditching, fertilizing and soil covering device, 99-fertilizer conveying hose, 3-1 sheave driving disk, A 3-2 grooved pulley driven plate, a 7-1 fertilizer accumulation groove, a 10-1 fertilizer discharging box connecting pipe, a 10-2 air supply connecting pipe and a 10-3 fertilizer conveying connecting pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions are provided only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting of the present embodiment includes a driving agricultural machine 55, a planting mechanism 66, a fertilizer discharging and conveying device 77, a ditching, fertilizing and soil covering device 88, and a fertilizer applying hose 99; the fertilizer discharging and conveying device 77 and the ditching, fertilizing and earthing device 88 are connected through a fertilizing hose 99 to convey the fertilizer; the planting mechanism 66, the fertilizer discharging and conveying device 77 and the ditching, fertilizing and earthing device 88 are all mounted on a frame of the driving agricultural machine 55, and the planting mechanism 66, the fertilizer discharging and conveying device 77 and the ditching, fertilizing and earthing device 88 are driven to travel by the driving agricultural machine 55.
As shown in fig. 5-10, the fertilizer discharging and conveying device 77 includes: the fertilizer box comprises a fertilizer box 1, a sheave mechanism 3, a gear box 4, a driving motor 5, a plurality of fertilizer boxes 6, fertilizer wheels 7, fertilizer shafts 8, a steel frame 9 and a fertilizer pipe connecting pipe seat 10, wherein the number of the fertilizer wheels is corresponding to that of the fertilizer boxes 6; the fertilizer box feed opening 2 at the bottom of the fertilizer box 1 and the upper opening of the fertilizer discharging box 6 are in butt joint, detachable installation and fixation; a plurality of fertilizer wheels 7 are sleeved on a fertilizer shaft 8, and the fertilizer wheels 7 are driven to rotate by the rotation of the fertilizer shaft 8; the fertilizer shaft 8 penetrates through the plurality of fertilizer boxes 6, and a fertilizer wheel 7 is correspondingly arranged in each fertilizer box 6; a plurality of fertilizer boxes 6 are arranged side by side and fixed on the steel frame 9; the gear box 4 and the driving motor 5 are fixedly arranged on the steel frame 9; the driving motor 5 drives the fertilizer discharging shaft 8 to rotate through the transmission of the gear box 4 and the sheave mechanism 3; a sheave driving disc 3-1 of the sheave mechanism 3 is arranged on a power output shaft of the gear box 4; a sheave driven disc 3-2 of the sheave mechanism 3 is arranged on the fertilizer discharging shaft 8; the sheave driven disc 3-2 is provided with an even number of pin grooves which are distributed along the center of the sheave driven disc 3-2 in an annular array; a plurality of fertilizer accumulating grooves 7-1 are formed in the surface of the outer ring of the fertilizer discharging wheel 7, and the number of the fertilizer accumulating grooves 7-1 is equal to the number of pin grooves in the sheave driven disc 3-2; the fertilizer discharging wheel 7 is driven by the sheave mechanism 3 to do intermittent circular motion, one fertilizer accumulating groove 7-1 faces upwards and one fertilizer accumulating groove 7-1 faces downwards in the intermittent motion; a fertilizer pipe connecting pipe seat 10 is arranged at the bottom opening of the fertilizer discharging box 6;
as shown in fig. 11-15, the ditching, fertilizing and covering device 88 comprises: the device comprises an electric push rod 15, a first pin shaft 16, a supporting arm 17, a furrow opener 18, a second pin shaft 19, a former 20, a fertilizing tube seat 21, a fertilizing tube joint 22 and a soil coverer 23; the fertilizing pipe joint 22 is fixed on the upper part of the fertilizing pipe seat 21; the top of the electric push rod 15 is hinged on the chassis frame of the agricultural machine; the bottom of the electric push rod 15 is hinged with the top of the furrow opener 18 by a first pin shaft 16; the bottom of the furrow opener 18 is hinged with the bottom of the supporting arm 17 by a second pin shaft 19; the top of the supporting arm 17 is used for being welded and fixed with the cross beam 14 of the driving agricultural machine 55; the bottom of the furrow opener 18 is lower than the bottom surface of the floating plate 13; the fertilization tube seat 21 is welded at the rear part of the supporting arm 17; the former 20 is welded at the bottom of the fertilizing tube seat 21; the former 20 is in a convex shape with a small upper opening and a large lower opening; the height of the bottom of the former 20 is not less than the highest height of the bottom of the furrow opener 18; the coverer 23 is used for being installed on the floating plate 13, the tail plate of the coverer 23 is bent downwards, the shape of the lower edge of the coverer 23 used for covering soil is a wave line type, and the wave front is positioned right behind the former 20;
the fertilizer pipe connecting pipe seat 10 is connected with the fertilizer pipe joint 22 through a fertilizer hose 99.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: it also comprises a fan 11 and an air supply pipe 12; the fertilizer conveying pipe connecting pipe seat 10 is a Venturi pipe, and three opening parts of the Venturi pipe are respectively a fertilizer discharging box connecting pipe 10-1, an air supply connecting pipe 10-2 and a fertilizer conveying connecting pipe 10-3; the fan 11 is arranged on the steel frame 9 and is connected to the air supply connecting pipe 10-2 through an air supply pipe 12; the fertilizer box connecting pipe 10-1 is connected with a fertilizer outlet at the bottom of the fertilizer box 6; the fertilizer conveying connecting pipe 10-3 is connected with the fertilizer conveying hose 99; the intersection angle between the fertilizer box connecting pipe 10-1 and the air supply connecting pipe 10-2 is an acute angle.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the number of pin grooves in the grooved pulley driven disc 3-2 is six.
Preferably, the intersection angle α between the fertilizer box connecting pipe 10-1 and the air supply connecting pipe 10-2 is 45-70 degrees.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the bottom of the furrow opener 18 is arc-shaped, and when the depth of the furrow opener 18 is adjusted, the front ends of the parts of the furrow opener, which are positioned under soil, are smooth curves, so that the furrow opener 18 can slide in the soil conveniently, and the resistance is small.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the bottom height of the former 20 is equal to the highest height of the bottom of the furrow opener 18; because the device is in a state that the electric push rod 15 is not stretched mostly when in use, the ditching depth h is the minimum as shown in fig. 14, the fertilizer conveyed from the former 20 is directly attached to the ditch bottom and falls down, and the impact of water in a paddy field can be effectively avoided.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the surface of the fertilizing pipe joint 22 is provided with anti-skid lines; the design of antiskid line can effectually avoid using fertilizer delivery hose to connect fertilizer application coupling 22 and fertilizer case back fertilizer delivery hose vibration when the machine is worked and fertilizer delivery hose drops that leads to.
In the embodiment, six corresponding fertilizer boxes 6 are arranged below the fertilizer box 1, and a fertilizer wheel 7 is arranged in each fertilizer box 6 to finish the fertilizer discharging work of a corresponding row. In fig. 5, the upper part of the fertilizer box 6 is communicated with the bottom of the fertilizer box 1. The fertilizer wheel 7 is cylindrical, six groups of fertilizer accumulating grooves 7-1 are uniformly distributed on the circumferential surface, the fertilizer wheel 7 is connected with a fertilizer shaft 8 in the middle through a key, and the fertilizer shaft 8 rotates to drive the fertilizer wheel 7 to rotate. The fertilizer discharging shaft 8 is connected with a sheave driven disc 3-2 of the sheave mechanism 3, a sheave driving disc 3-1 is connected with an output shaft of the gear box 4, and an input shaft of the gear box 4 is connected with a driving motor 5. After the speed of the driving motor 5 is changed through the gear box 4, the sheave mechanism 3 is driven, and then the fertilizer discharging shaft 8 is driven to work. When the fertilizer distributor works, the fertilizer discharging wheel 7 is driven by the fertilizer discharging shaft 8 to rotate. Fertilizer particles are filled in the fertilizer accumulating groove 7-1 positioned at the upper part of the fertilizer discharging wheel 7 under the action of gravity, when the fertilizer accumulating groove 7-1 rotates downwards to the lower part of the fertilizer discharging box 6, the fertilizer falls into the fertilizer conveying pipe connecting pipe seat 10 under the action of gravity, and then falls into the ditching, fertilizing and earthing device 88 through the fertilizer conveying hose 99 under the action of gravity. The sheave mechanism 3 is characterized by converting the continuous rotation of the drive motor 5 into intermittent rotation. The sheave drive plate 3-1 is driven by a drive motor 5 through a gear box 4, with a pin thereon. Six grooves are uniformly arranged on the sheave driven disc 3-2 along the circumferential direction. And when the sheave driving disc 3-1 rotates for one circle, the pin enters a groove on the sheave driven disc 3-2 to drive the sheave driven disc 3-2 to rotate for 60 degrees. The sheave driven disc 3-2 is connected with the fertilizer discharging shaft 8, so that the continuous rotation of the driving motor 5 is converted into the intermittent rotation that the fertilizer discharging shaft 8 rotates 60 degrees at each time and stops for a period of time and rotates 60 degrees again. When the fertilizer discharging wheel 7 is installed, the position of the grooved wheel mechanism 3 needs to be combined for adjustment, and when the fertilizer discharging shaft 8 stops each time, two groups of fertilizer accumulating grooves 7-1 which are opposite to each other on the fertilizer discharging wheel 7 are just right above one group and just below one group. The benefits of such a design are: when the intermittent motion stops, the fertilizer accumulation groove 7-1 positioned right above has sufficient time for fertilizer filling, and the fertilizer accumulation groove 7-1 positioned right below has sufficient time for fertilizer discharging.
The pneumatic auxiliary conveying system is used for conveying fertilizer particles from the fertilizer discharging device to the ditching and fertilizing device at the rear in an auxiliary mode, the airflow flowing direction of the fan 11 is the horizontal direction, the fertilizer particles fall into the fertilizer conveying pipe connecting pipe seat 10 from the upper portion, the three-way pipe of the fertilizer conveying pipe connecting pipe seat 10 is designed into a Venturi pipe, namely, a throat pipe, a quick contraction section, a small-caliber section and a gradually expanding section are designed in the middle of the pipe, a pipeline connector of the fertilizer discharging box 6 is located in the small-caliber section of the throat pipe, and an included angle between the direction of the fertilizer discharging box connecting pipe 10-1 and the direction of the air supply connecting pipe 10-2 is not less than α and not more than 70 degrees.
According to the synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting, the electric push rod 15 is not strictly required, finished products can be purchased from the market, as long as the electric push rod 15 can realize long-short expansion under electric control, the electric push rod 15 can be connected into an electric control circuit for driving the agricultural machinery 55, the principle is the same as the lifting and falling of the planting mechanism 55, the principle is simple, the connection is very easy, and detailed description is omitted; when the ditching, fertilizing and earthing device 88 is installed, a groove needs to be cut on the floating plate 13 so as to ensure that the installation position of the ditcher 18 is not limited; the former 20 is an upgrade on the existing former, and referring to fig. 13, the straight upper and straight lower baffles on both sides of the existing former are changed into a bent state, so that the space enclosed by the two bent baffles is in a convex shape.
When the ditching, fertilizing and earthing device 88 is mounted on the driving machine 55, the top of the electric push rod 15 is firstly used for being hinged on a rack of the driving machine 55, then the ditcher 18 is placed in a groove formed in the floating plate 13, then the top of the supporting arm 17 is welded on the cross beam 14, and then the electric control part of the electric push rod 15 is connected into a power supply circuit of the driving agricultural machine 55; then the fertilizer delivery hose 99 is used to connect the fertilizer pipe joint 22 with the fertilizer pipe connecting pipe base 10 to complete the installation.
As shown in fig. 12, the water-driven machine 55 drives the ditching, fertilizing and soil-covering device 88 to move forward, the ditcher 18 is used for ditching soil in a paddy field, fertilizer is conveyed to the fertilizing pipe joint 22 through the fertilizer conveying hose 99, then falls into a ditch opened by the ditcher 18 from the former 20 after passing through the fertilizing pipe seat 21, and when the ditching depth is adjusted, referring to fig. 12 and 14, the ditching depth can be changed only by controlling the telescopic length of the electric push rod 15, the front end of the ditcher 18 is adjusted up and down, and the rear end rotates around the second pin shaft 19 under the limitation of the supporting arm 17; in the advancing process of the machine, the soil covering device 23 is driven to slide forwards, and in the process that the soil covering device 23 slides forwards in soil, the flowability of the soil can be increased due to the wave shape, so that the soil on two sides of the ditch can be better filled in the ditch at the position where the soil flows to the fertilizer ditch, and the soil covering effect is better.
According to the synchronous fertilizer distributor for rice transplanting, the fertilizer discharging and conveying device of the synchronous fertilizer distributor realizes intermittent rotation by adopting a common sheave mechanism in other industrial fields, so that the time length of downward fertilizer accumulation grooves for releasing fertilizer is greatly prolonged, and the wet fertilizer can fall more thoroughly under the action of gravity. The fertilizer discharging mechanism of the sheave mechanism has simple structure, high cost and difficult failure; the annular array distribution design of the fertilizer accumulation grooves with even number is adopted, so that when one fertilizer accumulation groove faces downwards, the other fertilizer accumulation groove faces upwards, the waiting time of the upward fertilizer accumulation groove is synchronously pulled, and moist fertilizer can more easily fill the upper fertilizer accumulation groove; the pneumatic blowing system design of the Venturi tube is adopted, when airflow flows through the throat of the Venturi tube, downward suction can be generated in the connecting tube of the fertilizer discharging box under the Venturi effect, and therefore the fertilizer is smoothly conveyed downwards. An acute angle is formed between the fertilizer discharging box connecting pipe and the air supply connecting pipe, so that the inclination of the fertilizer discharging box connecting pipe is ensured, the horizontal speed is kept after fertilizer particles enter a horizontal pipeline, and smooth conveying is facilitated.
According to the synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting, the ditching, fertilizing and earthing device of the synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting adopts the design of the supporting arm, the ditcher is suspended, the contact between the ditcher and the floating plate is avoided, the resistance of the ditcher during ditching is born by the supporting arm and the cross beam, and the damage of the floating plate is effectively avoided; the furrow opener adopts a hinged connection mode, so that the supporting arm and the electric push rod can share resistance in ditching at two ends of the furrow opener while the furrow opener can adjust ditching depth, and the damage of a depth adjusting device caused by stress concentration is avoided; because the former is designed into a convex shape with a small upper opening and a large lower opening, the air force is blown out from the pipeline quickly and touches the platform in the middle of the convex shape when the air flow drives the fertilizer to rotate around after touching the bottom and the wall of the ditch, so that the fertilizer is blocked from falling back into the ditch, and the concentration of the fertilizer is greatly improved; the lower edge shape of the soil covering device bottom used for covering soil is a wave line shape, the soil covering device slides forwards in soil, the flowability of the soil can be increased by the aid of the wave shape, so that the soil on two sides of the ditch can be better filled in the ditch at the position where the soil flows to the fertilizer ditch, and the soil covering effect is better.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications of the structure, characteristics and principles described in the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting, which comprises a driving agricultural machine (55), a planting mechanism (66), a fertilizer discharging and conveying device (77), a ditching, fertilizing and earthing device (88) and a fertilizing hose (99); the planting mechanism (66), the fertilizer discharging and conveying device (77) and the ditching, fertilizing and earthing device (88) are all arranged on a frame of the driving agricultural machine (55), and the planting mechanism (66), the fertilizer discharging and conveying device (77) and the ditching, fertilizing and earthing device (88) are driven to travel by the driving agricultural machine (55); the method is characterized in that:
the fertilizer discharging and conveying device (77) comprises: the fertilizer box comprises a fertilizer box (1), a sheave mechanism (3), a gear box (4), a driving motor (5), a plurality of fertilizer discharging boxes (6), fertilizer discharging wheels (7) with the number corresponding to that of the fertilizer discharging boxes (6), a fertilizer discharging shaft (8), a steel frame (9) and a fertilizer conveying pipe connecting pipe seat (10); a fertilizer box feed opening (2) at the bottom of the fertilizer box (1) is in butt joint with an upper opening of the fertilizer discharging box (6) and is detachably mounted and fixed; a plurality of fertilizer wheels (7) are sleeved on one fertilizer shaft (8), and the fertilizer wheels (7) are driven to rotate by the rotation of the fertilizer shaft (8); the fertilizer shaft (8) penetrates through the plurality of fertilizer boxes (6), and a fertilizer wheel (7) is correspondingly arranged in each fertilizer box (6); a plurality of fertilizer discharging boxes (6) are arranged side by side and fixed on the steel frame (9); the gear box (4) and the driving motor (5) are fixedly arranged on the steel frame (9); the driving motor (5) drives the fertilizer discharging shaft (8) to rotate through the transmission of the gear box (4) and the sheave mechanism (3); a sheave driving disc (3-1) of the sheave mechanism (3) is arranged on a power output shaft of the gear box (4); a sheave driven disc (3-2) of the sheave mechanism (3) is arranged on the fertilizer discharging shaft (8); an even number of pin grooves are arranged in the sheave driven disc (3-2), and the pin grooves are distributed along the center of the sheave driven disc (3-2) in an annular array; a plurality of fertilizer accumulating grooves (7-1) are formed in the surface of the outer ring of the fertilizer discharging wheel (7), and the number of the fertilizer accumulating grooves (7-1) is equal to the number of pin grooves in the sheave driven disc (3-2); the fertilizer discharging wheel (7) is driven by the sheave mechanism (3) to do intermittent circular motion, one fertilizer accumulating groove (7-1) faces upwards and one fertilizer accumulating groove (7-1) faces downwards in the intermittent motion; a fertilizer pipe connecting pipe seat (10) is arranged at the bottom opening of the fertilizer discharging box (6);
the ditching, fertilizing and earthing device (88) comprises: the device comprises an electric push rod (15), a first pin shaft (16), a supporting arm (17), a furrow opener (18), a second pin shaft (19), a former (20), a fertilization tube seat (21), a fertilization tube joint (22) and a soil covering device (23); the fertilizing pipe joint (22) is fixed on the upper part of the fertilizing pipe seat (21); the top of the electric push rod (15) is hinged on a frame of the driving agricultural machine (55); the bottom of the electric push rod (15) is hinged with the top of the furrow opener (18) by a first pin shaft (16); the bottom of the furrow opener (18) is hinged with the bottom of the supporting arm (17) by a second pin shaft (19); the top of the supporting arm (17) is used for being welded and fixed with a cross beam (14) of a driving agricultural machine (55); the bottom of the furrow opener (18) is lower than the bottom surface of the floating plate (13); the fertilization tube seat (21) is welded at the rear part of the supporting arm (17); the former (20) is welded at the bottom of the fertilizing tube seat (21); the former (20) is in a convex shape with a small upper opening and a large lower opening; the height of the bottom of the former (20) is not lower than the highest height of the bottom of the furrow opener (18); the earth covering device (23) is used for being installed on the floating plate (13), a tail plate of the earth covering device (23) is bent downwards, the shape of the lower edge of the earth covering device (23) used for covering earth is a wave line type, and a wave front is located right behind the forming device (20);
the fertilizer conveying pipe connecting pipe seat (10) is connected with the fertilizer applying pipe joint (22) through a fertilizer applying hose (99).
2. The rice transplanting synchronous fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a fan (11) and an air supply pipe (12); the fertilizer conveying pipe connecting pipe seat (10) is a Venturi pipe, and three opening parts of the Venturi pipe connecting pipe seat are respectively a fertilizer discharging box connecting pipe (10-1), an air supply connecting pipe (10-2) and a fertilizer conveying connecting pipe (10-3); the fan (11) is arranged on the steel frame (9) and is connected to the air supply connecting pipe (10-2) through an air supply pipe (12); the fertilizer box connecting pipe (10-1) is connected with a fertilizer outlet at the bottom of the fertilizer box (6); the fertilizer conveying connecting pipe (10-3) is connected with the fertilizer conveying hose (99); the intersection angle between the fertilizer discharging box connecting pipe (10-1) and the air supply connecting pipe (10-2) is an acute angle.
3. The rice transplanting synchronous fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the number of pin grooves in the grooved pulley driven disc (3-2) is six.
4. The synchronous fertilizer distributor for rice transplanting as claimed in claim 2, wherein the intersection angle α between the fertilizer box connecting pipe (10-1) and the air supply connecting pipe (10-2) is 45-70 degrees.
5. The rice transplanting synchronous fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the furrow opener (18) is arc-shaped.
6. The rice transplanting synchronous fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom height of the former (20) is equal to the highest height of the bottom of the furrow opener (18).
7. The rice transplanting synchronous fertilizer applicator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the surface of the fertilizing pipe joint (22) is provided with anti-skid lines.
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| CN201910589538.3A CN110149847B (en) | 2019-07-02 | 2019-07-02 | Synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting |
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| CN201910589538.3A CN110149847B (en) | 2019-07-02 | 2019-07-02 | Synchronous fertilizer applicator for rice transplanting |
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| CN110149847B true CN110149847B (en) | 2020-07-10 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111886978B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2021-08-24 | 华南农业大学 | Synchronous rotary disc type side deep fertilizer distributor for rice transplanter |
| CN111919543A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-13 | 安徽农业大学 | Tea garden ditching fertilization all-in-one with supplementary air-blowing |
| CN113906880B (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2023-01-24 | 华南农业大学 | Ditching and fertilizing device for rice in tillering stage and working method thereof |
| CN115152362A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-10-11 | 中国农业大学 | Intelligent ditching fertilizer injection unit |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1189324A (en) * | 1997-09-22 | 1999-04-06 | Kubota Corp | Rice plant transplanter equipped with fertilizer applicator |
| CN201045772Y (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2008-04-16 | 郭玉田 | Multifunctional fertilization grain seeder |
| CN104221563A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2014-12-24 | 山东省农业机械科学研究院 | Air-sweeping type seedling-transplanting fertilizing device and method adopting same for fertilizing |
| CN106211879A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-14 | 柳州好顺科技有限公司 | A kind of rape seeding machine |
| CN207427745U (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-06-01 | 华中农业大学 | Rape wheat dual-purpose type pneumatic transmission formula seed-sowing machine |
| CN109757169A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-05-17 | 湖南农业大学 | Side deep fertilizing device between a kind of regeneration rice field |
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