CN110143835A - A method of bio-fertilizer is prepared using discarded pig fermenting bed padding - Google Patents
A method of bio-fertilizer is prepared using discarded pig fermenting bed padding Download PDFInfo
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- CN110143835A CN110143835A CN201910496129.9A CN201910496129A CN110143835A CN 110143835 A CN110143835 A CN 110143835A CN 201910496129 A CN201910496129 A CN 201910496129A CN 110143835 A CN110143835 A CN 110143835A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
A method of bio-fertilizer is prepared using discarded pig fermenting bed padding: taking carbonization reaction processing and compost fermentation to handle respectively fermentation bed ageing padding, thus padding charcoal and decomposed padding are prepared respectively, and padding charcoal and decomposed padding is taken to prepare bio-fertilizer；The preparation of decomposed padding is the following steps are included: (1) prepares fermentation pre-composition using fermentation bed ageing padding and vinasse；(2) pig manure is added into fermentation pre-composition and obtains fermentation substrate, make its C/N=20-30；(3) water is added to adjust the water content of fermentation substrate；(4) the inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum into fermentation substrate；(5) compost fermentation.The present invention carries out various forms of processing by being aged padding to fermentation bed, it is sufficiently used fermentation bed ageing padding, veritably realize " zero-emission " management of fermentation bed ageing padding, it is saved greatly the processing cost for handling discarded fermenting bed padding, meets environmental protection, sustainable development theory.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of cultivation of animal husbandry, and in particular, to a kind of to prepare life using discarded pig fermenting bed padding
The method of object fertilizer.
Background technique
With the fast development of economic society, livestock and poultry breeding industry via traditional peasant household's free-ranging to scale, it is intensive,
There are many large-scale livestock and poultry cultivation enterprises in industrial aquaculture transformation.Fermentation bed is that plant layoutization pig raising develops to certain rank
Section and formed a bright spot, be a kind of new model of livestock and poultry breeding industry sustainable development.Fermentation bed utilizes completely new natural agriculture
Industry theory comprehensively utilizes microbiology, ecology, Fermentation Engineering principle, " turns using active function microorganism as matter energy
Change maincenter ", it is a kind of environmentally friendly, safe and effective ecologically raising pigs mode.
Currently, domestic and foreign scholars improve fermentation bed to raise pig technology the growth indexes of pig, reduce environmental pollution, reduce pig
The work of group's disease, raising meat quality, raising production performance etc. has been used as more research.But for being sent out after cultivation
The suitability that ferment bed padding agricultural land soil utilizes, the feasibility and harmless treatment and money that padding is used as organic fertilizer
Source application technology etc. still lacks system research at present.
Fermentation bed itself utilizes beneficial microbe by fermentative degradation Animal fecal pollution, but fermentation bed can not be produced by fermentation
The proliferation of raw thermal energy and beneficial bacterium and kill or inhibit pathogenic bacteria.During the feeding process, the pathogen that some sick pigs carry can
It can be retained in padding, the hidden danger for causing pathogen to accumulate.Meanwhile the padding replacement cycle is longer, mould easy to breed, pathogenic bacteria
And helminth etc., some potential safety problems is brought to the recycling of discarded padding.
The heavy metal elements such as appropriate Cu, Zn are added in feeding, are adjustable animal metabolism, are had to growth of animals or poultry certain
Facilitation.Because the reasons such as feed, the defecation of livestock and poultry inevitably make the weight added in feed during fermentation bed cultivation
Metal is trapped in padding, heavy metal element have the characteristics that it is difficult migrate, be easily enriched with, endanger it is big, with discarded padding returning to the field, into
It after entering farmland ecological environment, can cause damages to soil ecosystem, to influence food safety.
Generally speaking, deep-litter systems promote aquaculture development.However, how discarded padding resource is using never having
It solves very well.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for preparing bio-fertilizer using discarded pig fermenting bed padding, on solving
State at least one of technical problem.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of method preparing bio-fertilizer using discarded pig fermenting bed padding is provided:
Carbonization reaction processing and compost fermentation processing are taken to fermentation bed ageing padding respectively, thus prepare padding charcoal and corruption respectively
Ripe padding takes padding charcoal and decomposed padding to prepare bio-fertilizer, and according to mass percent meter, bio-fertilizer is by 90% -98%
Decomposed padding and 2% -10% padding charcoal composition；The preparation of decomposed padding is the following steps are included: step (1), prepares hair
Ferment pre-composition, according to mass fraction meter, the pre-composition that ferments includes fermentation bed ageing 50-75 parts of padding, 25-50 parts of vinasse；Step
(2), pig manure is added into fermentation pre-composition and obtains fermentation substrate, control the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the additional amount adjustment fermentation substrate of pig manure,
Make its C/N=20-30；Step (3), adding water to adjust the water content of fermentation substrate is 53-58%；Step (4), according to quality percentage
Than meter, 0.2-0.5% fermenting agent, living bacteria count >=10 of fermenting agent are inoculated with into fermentation substrate5cfu/g；Step
(5), compost fermentation.
Preferably, according to mass percent meter, bio-fertilizer is made of 95% decomposed padding and 5% padding charcoal.
Preferably, the efficient bacterium group of the fermenting agent is combined into bacillus+trichodermaharzianum, and bacillus is selected from withered grass
One of bacillus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans are a variety of.
Preferably, the efficient bacterium group of fermenting agent is combined into bacillus licheniformis+bacillus coagulans+trichodermaharzianum, and
Meet following quantity ratio: lichengermium: bacillus coagulans: trichodermaharzianum=0.5-1.8:1-2.5:1-3.
Preferably, effective viable bacteria of fermenting agent meets following quantity ratio: lichengermium: bacillus coagulans: healthy and free from worry
Trichoderma=1:2:2.
Preferably, the concrete mode of padding charcoal is prepared are as follows: at normal temperature, fermentation bed ageing padding is transferred into and is added
In thermal, in a nitrogen atmosphere, 500 DEG C is warming up to the speed of 5 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 5-7h, Temperature fall is cooled to room temperature.
Preferably, during preparing the method for padding charcoal, soaking time 6h.
Preferably, step (2) are replaced are as follows: pig manure is added into fermentation pre-composition and obtains fermentation substrate, controls pig manure
Additional amount adjusts the carbon-nitrogen ratio of fermentation substrate, makes its C/N=23-28, according to the 5% of fermentation substrate quality, into fermentation substrate
Calcium superphosphate is added.
Preferably, fermentation pre-composition includes fermentation bed ageing 75 parts of padding, 25 parts of vinasse.
Preferably, the concrete operations of step (5) are as follows: in glow stage and hot stage, stir daily primary；In cooling rank
It section and decomposed fertilizer conservation stage, does not stir, spontaneous fermentation.
The present invention, as auxiliary material, makes it ferment with fermentation bed ageing padding according to appropriate ratio co-formulation using vinasse
Pre-composition, then fermentation substrate is mixed into using pig manure and fermentation pre-composition, by controlling the additional amount of pig manure to adjust hair
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of ferment substrate.Thus obtained fermentation substrate has richer, balanced trophic structure, can be microorganism therein
Suitable growing multiplication environment is provided.Present invention preferably uses efficient bacterium groups to be combined into bacillus licheniformis+condensation gemma
Bacillus+trichodermaharzianum fermenting agent inoculation fermentation substrate, these three different strains are including that vinasse and fermentation bed are aged padding
Fermentation substrate in can keep higher activity, when collective effect, synergistic, effectively degradation, transformation fermentation substrate
In nutriment.On the other hand, the probiotics in fermenting agent can also effectively inhibit the growing multiplication of pathogen, significantly
Ground reduces the content of Escherichia coli in decomposed padding, staphylococcus aureus and salmonella these three pathogens, as a result,
Improve the safety of prepared bio-fertilizer.In addition, bio-fertilizer produced by the present invention can effectively promote vegetable plant strain
Growth and development improves the resistance and its yield of plant.
Padding charcoal and decomposed padding is respectively prepared in fermentation bed ageing padding by the present invention, by padding charcoal obtained
Bio-fertilizer is prepared with decomposed padding, the padding charcoal as bio-fertilizer component can be passivated the heavy metal accumulated in decomposed padding
Ion makes the heavy metal contaminants in bio-fertilizer and soil to Forms Transformation is stabilized, reduces moving for heavy metal contaminants
Shifting property and bioavailable type thus greatly reduce heavy metal contaminants in the intracorporal accumulation of crop, improve using thus
The safety of bio-fertilizer obtained.In addition, padding charcoal can also promote the absorption of Plant To Nutrient element, be conducive to soil
The growth of microorganism.The present invention carries out various forms of processing by being aged padding to fermentation bed, is sufficiently used fermentation bed
It is aged padding, veritably realizes " zero-emission " management of fermentation bed ageing padding, is saved greatly the discarded fermentation bed of processing
The processing cost of padding meets environmental protection, sustainable development theory.
Specific embodiment
It in order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, below will be to the skill in the embodiment of the present invention
Art scheme is clearly and completely described, it is clear that and the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, without
It is whole embodiments.
Embodiment 1
1. experimental setup mode
The mass fraction of the present embodiment using the fermentation bed ageing padding and vinasse that form fermentation pre-composition is arranged 4 as variable
Group processing group, the corresponding fermentation pre-composition composition of each processing group is as shown in table 1.
The fermentation pre-composition of each processing group of 1 the present embodiment of table forms
Each processing group prepares decomposed padding according to following steps:
(1) the corresponding fermentation pre-composition composition that each processing group is enumerated according to table 1, weighs a certain amount of fermentation bed ageing padding
And vinasse, prepare fermentation pre-composition；
(2) pig manure is added into fermentation pre-composition and obtains fermentation substrate, control the additional amount adjustment fermentation substrate of pig manure
Carbon-nitrogen ratio makes its C/N=25 ± 1.5；
(3) plus the water content of water adjusting fermentation substrate is 55%；
(4) according to mass percent meter, 0.3% fermenting agent, effective viable bacteria of fermenting agent are inoculated with into fermentation substrate
Number >=105Cfu/g, the efficient bacterium group of fermenting agent are combined into bacillus licheniformis+bacillus coagulans+trichodermaharzianum, and full
The following quantity ratio of foot: lichengermium: bacillus coagulans: trichodermaharzianum=1:2:2；
(5) compost fermentation: in glow stage and hot stage (temperature >=55 DEG C), daily machinery is stirred once；Cooling down
It stage and decomposed fertilizer conservation stage, does not stir, spontaneous fermentation.
2. index determining
Sampling time and method choice
Sampling time selects 0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35 day, and sampling is determined at the 20cm under mound surface layer of fermenting
Point, if front, rear, left and right, in 5 points, take the average value of five points, front, rear, left and right are 0.5m away from central point distance.
Fermentation temperature measurement
During test, five points of 20cm under the 11:00-12:00 measurement fermenting bed padding surface on the day of fixed sample
Temperature takes its average value.
Compost maturity measurement
With physiological saline, in compost matter: it is spare that compost extraction is made in physiological saline=1:5 ratio.In a culture dish
On be uniformly put into 50 cucumber seeds, while compost extraction 5mL is added, cultivates 48h in 25 DEG C of dark life incubators
Afterwards, bud ratio is calculated.
3. test result
The present embodiment respectively handles the fermentation system temperature measuring in experiment periods, and the results are shown in Table 2: 2. processing is entering
The 10th day of experimental period enters hot stage, and other each processing groups obtain 15 talentes after entering experimental period and enter high temperature rank
Section, processing 1. -4. the corresponding hot stage duration be 15 days, 20 days, 15 days and 15 days respectively；In addition, each processing group exists
The size order of maximum temperature achieved is as follows in experimental period: 2. 3. 4. > processing is 1. for > processing for > processing for processing.Decomposed hair
Microbial activity in thermotonus during ferment fermentation system, the temperature reached is higher, and the hot stage duration gets over
Long, microbial activity is stronger.According to test result it is found that being premixed using vinasse and fermentation bed ageing padding co-formulation fermentation
Object can effectively improve fermentation system in the maximum temperature of hot stage, and by adjusting fermentation bed be aged padding and vinasse it
Between amount ratio, then fermentation system can be promoted to enter hot stage and extend the duration of hot stage.Cause the phenomenon
The reason of may be, with using fermentation bed ageing padding as fermentation just mixed object compared with, be total to using vinasse and fermentation bed ageing padding
Trophic structure with the fermentation pre-composition prepared is abundant, and has a certain amount of enzyme and saccharomycete in vinasse, works as fermentation system
In fermentation bed ageing padding and vinasse when reaching appropriate amount ratio, microorganism can be efficiently using wherein in fermentation system
Nutriment, so that microorganism is kept higher activity in fermentation system.
Temperature measuring statistics of each processing group of table 2 within experimental period
The germination index of seed can be used as an important biomolecule index for judging compost fermentation rotten degree, when the germination of seed
Index has been more than 50%, then illustrates that compost is substantially decomposed.Within the composting test phase, the corresponding seed germination index of each test group is such as
Shown in table 3, during test, with the extension of compost time, what the percentage of seedgermination presentation of each processing group rose overally becomes
Gesture, the percentage of seedgermination of alignment processing 2. are entering the 15th day of experimental period i.e. more than 50%, alignment processing 3. with handle 4.
Percentage of seedgermination is entering the 20th day of experimental period more than 50%, and the percentage of seedgermination of alignment processing 1. is in entrance experimental period
25th talent is more than 50%；In later period experimental period, the processing of the present embodiment setting 2. and processing 3. corresponding percentage of seedgermination is all
It is able to maintain that higher level.
Percentage of seedgermination statistics of each processing group of table 3 within experimental period
The data target measured according to the present embodiment, by the present embodiment processing, 2. corresponding fermentation pre-composition forms conduct
Optimal fermentation pre-composition composition.
Embodiment 2
1. experimental setup mode
8 groups of processing groups and control group are arranged using the strain combination of fermenting agent as variable for the present embodiment, and control group is everywhere
The strain combination of the corresponding fermenting agent of reason group is as shown in table 4.
Fermenting agent strain combination used by 4 control group of table and each processing group (living bacteria count ratio)
Control group and each processing group prepare decomposed padding according to following steps:
(1) 75 parts and 25 parts of vinasse of padding of fermentation bed ageing are weighed, fermentation pre-composition is prepared；
(2) pig manure is added into fermentation pre-composition and obtains fermentation substrate, control the additional amount adjustment fermentation substrate of pig manure
Carbon-nitrogen ratio makes its C/N=25 ± 1.5；
(3) plus the water content of water adjusting fermentation substrate is 55%；
(4) according to mass percent meter, 0.3% fermenting agent, effective viable bacteria of fermenting agent are inoculated with into fermentation substrate
Number >=105Cfu/g, as shown in table 4, as control, the present embodiment is arranged for the efficient bacterium combination of the fermenting agent of each processing group
Control group do not add fermenting agent；
(5) compost fermentation: in glow stage and hot stage (temperature >=55 DEG C), daily machinery is stirred once；Cooling down
It stage and decomposed fertilizer conservation stage, does not stir, spontaneous fermentation.
The preparation of padding charcoal:
At normal temperature, fermentation bed ageing padding is fitted into silica crucible, crucible is transferred into box Muffle furnace,
In a nitrogen atmosphere, 500 DEG C are warming up to the speed of 5 DEG C/min, keep the temperature 6h, Temperature fall is cooled to room temperature.
The preparation of bio-fertilizer:
The decomposed padding and padding charcoal manufactured in the present embodiment for weighing control group and the preparation of each processing group respectively, are pressed
According to parts by weight meter, every 100 parts of bio-fertilizer is formulated by 95 parts of decomposed padding and 5 parts of padding charcoals.
Following Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve potting cultivation experiments are carried out using bio-fertilizer made from control group and each processing group:
The Nutrition Soil of 500g is fitted into plastic flowerpot respectively, Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve seed is uniformly sowed in basin, for examination biology
Fertilizer is disposably applied as base manure, does not during which apply other fertilizer, and watering and deinsectization management carry out in a conventional manner.
2. index determining
Sampling time and method choice are consistent with embodiment 1.
2.1 compost index determinings
Fermentation temperature measurement and compost maturity measurement are consistent with embodiment 1.
The measurement of 2.2 micro organism quantities
It takes 1g sample in sterile test tube in superclean bench, PBS buffer solution 9mL is added, magnetic force oscillator vibrates 5 points
Clock, this liquid are 10-1Dilution, absorption this solution of 1mL, which is loaded on to fill in 9mL sterile PBS buffer test tube, carries out 10-2Dilution, vibration
It swings 5 minutes, and successively carries out 10-3-10-6It dilutes again.It is measured using plate count method by the large intestine in diluted excrement sample
Bacillus, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella, bacillus and trichoderma.
2.3 the measurement of Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve economical character
The 40th day after Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve cultivation experiments start, measure plant height, the stem thickness, fresh weight, vitamin C for trying Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve
Content and chlorophyll content.
3. test result
3.1 compost index determining results
As shown in table 5, into after experimental period, processing VIII entered hot stage at the 10th day at first, with the extension of time,
Each processing group enters hot stage successively, and control group is then later than each processing group, enters hot stage in the 20th talent.To reply
It is most short according to the hot stage duration of group, only continue 10 days or so, during which mean temperature achieved is also significantly lower than everywhere
Reason group, measured maximum temperature are not higher than 60 DEG C.In respective hot stage, the hair using single strain as effective bacterium is used
The corresponding system temperature measured of the processing group of yeast-like fungi liquid is higher than control group, and the duration of hot stage is also extended, respectively adopted
Compared with the control group with the processing group of single strain zymocyte liquid, processing III, processing III and V corresponding hot stage of processing measure
Temperature is higher, these results suggested that the bacillus licheniformis, bacillus coagulans and trichodermaharzianum in fermentation system be able to maintain compared with
High activity.It by adjusting the combining form of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus coagulans and trichodermaharzianum, obtains, works as zymophyte
Efficient bacterium composition in agent meets lichengermium: bacillus coagulans: (processing VIII), fermentation when trichodermaharzianum=1:2:2
System can enter earliest hot stage and maintain the condition of high temperature up to 20 days or more, and during which maximum temperature may be up to 68 DEG C,
Mean temperature reaches 64.75 DEG C.
Table 6 illustrates control group and each processing group corresponding percentage of seedgermination measured within experimental period, tests with entering
The germination percentage of the extension of time phase, all cucumber seeds for examination is in the trend of growth, and the percentage of seedgermination of each processing group is equal
Percentage of seedgermination prior to control group reaches 50%, wherein the growth rate of VIII corresponding percentage of seedgermination of processing is most fast, is trying
Test later period phase unanimously keep close to 100% germination percentage it is horizontal.
The temperature measuring statistics of 5 control group of table and each processing group within experimental period
The percentage of seedgermination statistics of 6 control group of table and each processing group within experimental period
3.2 micro organism quantity measurement results
As shown in table 7, the inoculation fermentation microbial inoculum into fermentation substrate, after 35 days fermented manures, in fermentation system
The quantity of the pathogens such as Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and salmonella significantly reduces, and contains in the fermenting agent of use
Bacillus quantity in the fermentation system of bacillus significantly rises, and similarly, healthy and free from worry wood is contained in the fermenting agent of use
Trichoderma quantity in mould fermentation system significantly rises.Wherein, bacillus distributed quantity is higher than Escherichia coli, golden yellow in padding
Color staphylococcus and salmonella at least one order of magnitude are the dominant microflora in bacterium.The activity class of fermenting bed padding microorganism
It is similar to aerobic compost, and in aerobic composting process, the bacillus in Firmicutes can be colonized rapidly, fast degradation
Organic matter in windrow, dominant always in composting process, the organic matter in padding of efficiently degrading.
7 control group of table and each processing group are entering experimental period the 35th day micro organism quantity statistical result
The measurement result of 3.3 Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve economical characters
Within experimental period, relative to the bio-fertilizer for applying each processing group preparation for trying plant, application control group preparation
The speed of growth for trying plant of bio-fertilizer is more slow, and plant is integrally relatively fine, short and small, there is more yellow leaf.And application is handled
V, the upgrowth situation for trying plant of the bio-fertilizer of VIII preparation of processing VI, processing VII and processing is good, and plant is thick and strong, plants for examination
Almost without discovery yellow leaf and blackspot in strain, the corresponding growing way for trying plant of processing VIII is best.It can from the statistical data of table 8
Know, compared with the control group, each processing group all effectively promotes the growth for trying plant and improves the vitamin for trying plant
C, chlorophyll content.
The Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve economical character statistical result of 8 control group of table and each processing group
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is that the optimization of padding charcoal is tested, by setting different synthesis temperature and soaking time preparation pad
Expect charcoal, and influence of the padding charcoal to soil matrix and the content of beary metal for trying plant.Pair of the present embodiment setting
It is the bio-fertilizer containing 100% decomposed padding according to group.
1. the synthesis temperature of charcoal optimizes experiment
1.1 experimental setup modes
The present embodiment processing group prepares decomposed padding according to following steps:
(1) 75 parts and 25 parts of vinasse of padding of fermentation bed ageing are weighed, fermentation pre-composition is prepared；
(2) pig manure is added into fermentation pre-composition and obtains fermentation substrate, control the additional amount adjustment fermentation substrate of pig manure
Carbon-nitrogen ratio makes its C/N=25 ± 1.5；
(3) plus the water content of water adjusting fermentation substrate is 55%；
(4) according to mass percent meter, 0.3% fermenting agent, effective viable bacteria of fermenting agent are inoculated with into fermentation substrate
Number >=105cfu/g, the efficient bacterium group of fermenting agent are combined into bacillus licheniformis+bacillus coagulans+trichodermaharzianum, and full
The following quantity ratio of foot: lichengermium: bacillus coagulans: trichodermaharzianum=1:2:2；
(5) compost fermentation: in glow stage and hot stage (temperature >=55 DEG C), daily machinery is stirred once；Cooling down
It stage and decomposed fertilizer conservation stage, does not stir, spontaneous fermentation.
Each processing group of this section prepares padding charcoal in accordance with the following steps:
At normal temperature, fermentation bed ageing padding is fitted into silica crucible, crucible is transferred into box Muffle furnace,
In a nitrogen atmosphere, 400 DEG C, 450 DEG C, 500 DEG C, 550 DEG C, 600 DEG C are warming up to respectively with the speed of 5 DEG C/min, keep the temperature 6h, from
Right cooling down is to room temperature.According to each processing group of padding charcoal synthesis temperature label of each processing group: 400 DEG C, T400；450
DEG C, T450；500 DEG C, T500；550 DEG C, T550；600 DEG C, T600.
The preparation of bio-fertilizer:
The decomposed padding of control group and the preparation of each processing group and the padding charcoal of this section preparation are weighed respectively, according to weight
Number meter is measured, every 100 parts of bio-fertilizer is formulated by 95 parts of decomposed padding and 5 parts of padding charcoals.
Following Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve potting cultivation experiments are carried out using bio-fertilizer made from control group and each processing group:
The Nutrition Soil of 500g is fitted into plastic flowerpot respectively, Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve seed is uniformly sowed in basin, for examination biology
Fertilizer is disposably applied as base manure, does not during which apply other fertilizer, and watering and deinsectization management carry out in a conventional manner.
1.2 index determining
For trying the measurement of plant content of beary metal
The 40th day after cultivation experiments start, harvesting took 10 confessions for trying Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve at random in every group of test group
Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve is tried, is rinsed well with tap water, then cleaned 3 times with deionized water, dries moisture, 70 DEG C of baking oven is then placed in and dries
It is dry, the plant of drying is crushed into powder using stainless steel pulverizer.It weighs in 1g plant powder and 50mL centrifuge tube, 2mL is added
Excellent pure grade nitric acid, stands overnight at room temperature after mixing, is then disappeared with microwave and boils furnace (MARS5, CEM Microwave
Technology Ltd.Matthews, the U.S.) disappear and boils, disappear and boils program are as follows: 55 DEG C disappear and boil 10min, and 75 DEG C disappear and boil 10min, and 95 DEG C
Disappear and boils 30min.The sample after boiling that disappears with 2% nitric acid solution is diluted to 40mL, crosses 0.45 μm of filter membrane, 4 DEG C of preservations are to be measured.Resolution
Heavy metal concentration is measured with inductivity coupled plasma mass spectrometry system (ICP-MS 7500, Agilent Technologies, the U.S.) in liquid.
1.3 test result
According to the data result that table 9 counts, padding charcoal is added in bio-fertilizer, can be significantly reduced in examination plant
Content of beary metal, Comprehensive Correlation for try plant Cu, Zn, Cd, As and Pb content measuring as a result, being determined as padding for 500 DEG C
The optimum synthesising temperature of charcoal.
9 charcoal synthesis temperature of table is to the influence for trying plant content of beary metal
2. the soaking time of synthesising biological charcoal optimizes experiment
2.1 experimental setup modes
This section processing group prepares decomposed padding according to following steps:
(1) 75 parts and 25 parts of vinasse of padding of fermentation bed ageing are weighed, fermentation pre-composition is prepared；
(2) pig manure is added into fermentation pre-composition and obtains fermentation substrate, control the additional amount adjustment fermentation substrate of pig manure
Carbon-nitrogen ratio makes its C/N=25 ± 1.5；
(3) plus the water content of water adjusting fermentation substrate is 55%；
(4) according to mass percent meter, 0.3% fermenting agent, effective viable bacteria of fermenting agent are inoculated with into fermentation substrate
Number >=105cfu/g, the efficient bacterium group of fermenting agent are combined into bacillus licheniformis+bacillus coagulans+trichodermaharzianum, and full
The following quantity ratio of foot: lichengermium: bacillus coagulans: trichodermaharzianum=1:2:2；
(5) compost fermentation: in glow stage and hot stage (temperature >=55 DEG C), daily machinery is stirred once；Cooling down
It stage and decomposed fertilizer conservation stage, does not stir, spontaneous fermentation.
Each processing group of this section prepares padding charcoal in accordance with the following steps:
At normal temperature, fermentation bed ageing padding is fitted into silica crucible, crucible is transferred into box Muffle furnace,
In a nitrogen atmosphere, 500 DEG C are warming up to the speed of 5 DEG C/min, keep the temperature 5,6,7h respectively, Temperature fall is cooled to room temperature.It presses
Each processing group: 5h, T5 is marked according to the soaking time in the padding charcoal synthesis process of each processing group；6h, T6；7h, T7.
The preparation of bio-fertilizer:
The decomposed padding and padding charcoal manufactured in the present embodiment for weighing each processing group preparation respectively, according to parts by weight
Number meter, every 100 parts of bio-fertilizer are formulated by 95 parts of decomposed padding and 5 parts of padding charcoals.
Following Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve potting cultivation experiments are carried out using bio-fertilizer made from each processing group:
The Nutrition Soil of 500g is fitted into plastic flowerpot respectively, Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve seed is uniformly sowed in basin, for examination biology
Fertilizer is disposably applied as base manure, does not during which apply other fertilizer, and watering and deinsectization management carry out in a conventional manner.
2.2 index determining
For trying the measurement of plant content of beary metal
The 40th day after cultivation experiments start, harvesting took 10 confessions for trying Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve at random in every group of test group
Xiaoqinling Nature Reserve is tried, is rinsed well with tap water, then cleaned 3 times with deionized water, dries moisture, 70 DEG C of baking oven is then placed in and dries
It is dry, the plant of drying is crushed into powder using stainless steel pulverizer.It weighs in 1g plant powder and 50mL centrifuge tube, 2mL is added
Excellent pure grade nitric acid, stands overnight at room temperature after mixing, is then disappeared with microwave and boils furnace (MARS5, CEM Microwave
Technology Ltd.Matthews, the U.S.) disappear and boils, disappear and boils program are as follows: 55 DEG C disappear and boil 10min, and 75 DEG C disappear and boil 10min, and 95 DEG C
Disappear and boils 30min.The sample after boiling that disappears with 2% nitric acid solution is diluted to 40mL, crosses 0.45 μm of filter membrane, 4 DEG C of preservations are to be measured.Resolution
Heavy metal concentration is surveyed with inductivity coupled plasma mass spectrometry system (ICP-MS 7500, Agilent Technologies, the U.S.) in liquid
It is fixed.
3.3 test result
According to the data result that table 10 and table 9 count, the optimum synthesis condition of padding charcoal is determined are as follows: in nitrogen gas
Under atmosphere, 6h is kept the temperature at 500 DEG C.
The soaking time of 10 synthesising biological charcoal of table is to the influence for trying plant content of beary metal
Finally it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof, to the greatest extent
Invention is explained in detail referring to above-described embodiment for pipe, it should be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art that technology
Personnel read present specification after still can with modifications or equivalent substitutions are made to specific embodiments of the invention, but this
A little modifications are changed within all without departing from the present patent application accompanying claims protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for preparing bio-fertilizer using discarded pig fermenting bed padding, it is characterised in that: be aged padding to fermentation bed
Carbonization reaction processing and compost fermentation processing are taken respectively, are thus prepared padding charcoal and decomposed padding respectively, are taken the pad
Expect that charcoal and the decomposed padding prepare bio-fertilizer, according to mass percent meter, the bio-fertilizer is as described in 90% -98%
Decomposed padding and 2% -10% the padding charcoal composition；
The preparation of the decomposed padding the following steps are included:
Step (1) prepares fermentation pre-composition, and according to mass fraction meter, the fermentation pre-composition includes the fermentation bed ageing pad
50-75 parts, 25-50 parts of vinasse of material；
Step (2) is added pig manure into the fermentation pre-composition and obtains fermentation substrate, controls the additional amount adjustment institute of the pig manure
The carbon-nitrogen ratio for stating fermentation substrate, makes its C/N=20-30；
Step (3), adding water to adjust the water content of the fermentation substrate is 53-58%；
Step (4) is inoculated with 0.2-0.5% fermenting agent, the zymophyte in Xiang Suoshu fermentation substrate according to mass percent meter
Living bacteria count >=10 of agent5cfu/g；
Step (5), compost fermentation.
2. the method for preparing bio-fertilizer using discarded pig fermenting bed padding as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: according to matter
Percentages are measured, the bio-fertilizer is made of the 95% decomposed padding and the 5% padding charcoal.
3. the method for preparing bio-fertilizer using discarded pig fermenting bed padding as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the hair
The efficient bacterium group of yeast-like fungi agent is combined into bacillus+trichodermaharzianum, and the bacillus is selected from bacillus subtilis, lichens gemma
One of bacillus and bacillus coagulans are a variety of.
4. the method for preparing bio-fertilizer using discarded pig fermenting bed padding as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the hair
The efficient bacterium group of yeast-like fungi agent is combined into bacillus licheniformis+bacillus coagulans+trichodermaharzianum, and meets following quantity
Than: the lichengermium: the bacillus coagulans: the trichodermaharzianum=0.5-1.8:1-2.5:1-3.
5. the method for preparing bio-fertilizer using discarded pig fermenting bed padding as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the hair
Effective viable bacteria of yeast-like fungi agent meets following quantity ratio: the lichengermium: the bacillus coagulans: the trichodermaharzianum=
1:2:2。
6. the method for preparing bio-fertilizer using discarded pig fermenting bed padding as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that preparation institute
State the concrete mode of padding charcoal are as follows: at normal temperature, fermentation bed ageing padding is transferred into heating device, in nitrogen
Under gas atmosphere, 500 DEG C are warming up to the speed of 5 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 5-7h, Temperature fall is cooled to room temperature.
7. the method for preparing bio-fertilizer using discarded pig fermenting bed padding as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: preparing
During the method for the padding charcoal, the soaking time is 6h.
8. the method for preparing bio-fertilizer using discarded pig fermenting bed padding as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that will be described
Step (2) replacement are as follows: pig manure is added into the fermentation pre-composition and obtains fermentation substrate, controls the additional amount adjustment of the pig manure
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation substrate makes its C/N=23-28, according to 5%, the Xiang Suoshu fermentation substrate of the fermentation substrate quality
Middle addition calcium superphosphate.
9. the method for preparing bio-fertilizer using discarded pig fermenting bed padding as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the hair
Ferment pre-composition includes fermentation bed ageing 75 parts of padding, 25 parts of vinasse.
10. the method for preparing bio-fertilizer using discarded pig fermenting bed padding as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The concrete operations of step (5) are as follows: in glow stage and hot stage, stir daily primary；In temperature-fall period and decomposed fertilizer conservation rank
Section, is not stirred, spontaneous fermentation.
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Citations (3)
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| CN103865860A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-06-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Ternary compound inoculant for fermentation bed for pigs |
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| CN109081757A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-12-25 | 深圳市三林生物科技工程有限公司 | Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103865860A (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2014-06-18 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Ternary compound inoculant for fermentation bed for pigs |
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Application publication date: 20190820 |